[HN Gopher] Veritasium: The SAT Question Everyone Got Wrong [video]
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       Veritasium: The SAT Question Everyone Got Wrong [video]
        
       Author : goplayoutside
       Score  : 254 points
       Date   : 2023-12-26 20:04 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | krackers wrote:
       | This was also the infamous amc 2015 "clockblock" question
       | 
       | https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2015_AMC_10A_...
        
         | CrazyStat wrote:
         | I remember having the same question (probably with different
         | sized circles) in our local high school math team competition
         | ca. 2002. I got it wrong.
        
           | genocidicbunny wrote:
           | I distinctly recall having to solve a version of this in my
           | 2nd grade math class. Only about half the class got it right.
        
       | lostmsu wrote:
       | The title sort of spoils it as it becomes obvious you need to
       | look for some issue with the trivial number solution.
        
         | anamexis wrote:
         | I think any video about it would spoil it, because you wouldn't
         | make a video about a trivial number problem.
        
       | orenlindsey wrote:
       | The guy who figured this out (who Veritasium interviewed) is
       | crazy smart.
       | 
       | Also, a lot of kids math problems (middle school and below) are
       | super vague. I get that they're designed to teach a concept, but
       | they could do it in a more exact/precise (idk what the word is)
       | way.
        
         | dudeinjapan wrote:
         | I think you are looking for the word "cromulent".
        
           | plibither8 wrote:
           | Did you just learn this word too from another recent thread
           | on HN? I did, haha!
        
         | mewpmewp2 wrote:
         | Considering how little educators are paid, I'm amazed as to how
         | much they have been able to come up with and do already,
         | though.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | The vagueness is seen as a feature, not a bug. The kid is
         | supposed to read between the lines and find out what the
         | problems are really about.
         | 
         | That's straight how my teachers would explain it to us, and you
         | see that line of thinking in the "problem solving" bits where
         | the text is intentionally made harder to decrypt.
         | 
         | Reading skills and shared background assessments are baked into
         | most math tests, even if that's not the focus of it.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | I'm thankful I was doing competition math by that age and had
           | access to more rigorous materials than these "readiness"
           | assessments.
        
           | kuroguro wrote:
           | I think vagueness is kindof ok in math/physics questions - if
           | you think about it there's usually and interpretation that
           | makes more sense, but I doubt most of them are made that way
           | on purpose.
           | 
           | Where I really hate to see it is humanities e.g. psychology
           | tests/surveys - if after reading a question I immediately
           | think of 3 different interpretations I just think it's a bad
           | test. And if I spend any more time thinking about it I get
           | almost nowhere.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | > there's usually an interpretation that makes more sense
             | 
             | Yes, I see it as "background" part, or "common sense"
             | perhaps.
             | 
             | I's funny when for instance you have grocery questions
             | about little Jimmy having 3 bags with 4 buns in each, so
             | how many sausages does he need to make hotdogs with all the
             | buns ?
             | 
             | That's cute and straightforward as long as you know what a
             | hotdog is, which is common sense for the question writer.
             | 
             | I don't think that's something that needs to be (or can be)
             | changed, as long as school and exams are seen as a
             | formative step, and not a single chance you'll have to make
             | a decent living. Kids in the later group will have a hard
             | time either way.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | > That's cute and straightforward as long as you know
               | what a hotdog is, which is common sense for the question
               | writer.
               | 
               | Even if you don't know what a hotdog is, it's indicated
               | you use sausages and buns to make them. The most
               | straightforward method of doing that would lead to the
               | correct answer.
               | 
               | There may be kids that figure that's too simple and
               | assume they need two or three sausages per bun, but those
               | will be the minority.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Most sandwiches are made with two pieces of bread. Buns
               | happen to be two-pieces-in-one, which isn't disclosed in
               | the question. Somebody who has passing familiarity with
               | sandwiches but not hotdogs or buns specifically might
               | think it takes two buns to make one hot dog.
               | 
               | Thankfully I think _most_ questions usually aren 't like
               | this. Cultural loading in questions is a popular excuse
               | for discrepancies in testing outcomes but those
               | discrepancies have a nasty tendency to persist even when
               | tests are redesigned. Usually there's something else
               | going on which causes the outcome discrepancies,
               | particularly bad parenting.
        
           | whoopdedo wrote:
           | Which is a big problem I have with these sort of tests. A
           | problem that exists in most I.Q.-like assessments. Rather
           | than evaluating how well the student is able to use their
           | brain it's instead filtering those who were coached to think
           | the same way as the test writers. That creates homogenity
           | which is why I believe there are cultural divides in test
           | results.
           | 
           | Like the Cold War era stories where spies use seemingly
           | innocuous or nonsensical code phrases to identify each other.
           | "The sparrow flies at midnight. Calculate the velocity it
           | would need to reach Berlin in 7 days."
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Practically I think that just means that the kids end up
           | getting taught vast quantities of "exam technique" rather
           | than content.
           | 
           | I taught myself the essence of calculus when I was 14 or 15 -
           | there were holes in my knowledge but it took I'd estimate 5
           | years for regular education to catch up to the intuition I
           | built then (on a houseboat on the Thames even, sounds
           | romantic except for the fumes)
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | I was homeschooled through 6th grade, entering regular
             | school, it was striking just how "slow" everything seemed.
             | 
             | Conversely, I struggled immensely for a year and a half,
             | once my 3 year lead on material ran out.
             | 
             | The difference in quality and speed in something you're
             | self-motivated to do and are doing at your own pace, versus
             | something you're being told to do at someone else's pace,
             | even with the same person in both cases, is quite
             | astounding.
             | 
             | Or maybe that's the viewpoint of someone with ADD, and most
             | people can keep steady progress _and_ lead balanced lives.
             | I'll never really know.
        
               | dev_hugepages wrote:
               | I don't think you're alone, i have the same "issue"
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | Yes. Kids moving countries hit that wall at full speed, and
             | have to learn the exam system and quirks on top of the
             | actual content.
             | 
             | The interesting aspect to me was how they need to take a
             | step back and look at it as a set of made up conventions,
             | when they might have just absorbed it as universal truth
             | otherwise.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | Depends on the kid. Don't you think? For some the
             | repetition is the only chance they get to find a pattern.
             | 
             | I think where "traditional" education truly sucks tho
             | (unless you are blessed with a gifted teacher), is giving
             | you an overwiew of how the pieces fit together and what is
             | behind each of them.
        
           | irjustin wrote:
           | This has been a huge contention point of Common Core and why
           | so many kids had such huge problems with the overall test.
           | Hard questions that seem/potentially-are vague, but are hard
           | questions first.
           | 
           | Personally, I'm a big fan of what Gates was attempting to do,
           | but I have teachers in my family who couldn't get rid of
           | Common Core from their schools fast enough. Debates with them
           | were never good and me, not being an operator, wouldn't dare
           | tell them how to do their jobs.
           | 
           | But, I understand difficult, standardized testing isn't a
           | good answer, but really how do you get a whole nation to up-
           | skill?
        
             | csense wrote:
             | De-centralize and de-nationalize schooling. It's clear the
             | feds have no idea how to make the education system work.
             | Let the states have ~50 different curricula, or individual
             | schools to have ~hundreds or ~thousands of different
             | curricula. Even if they're bad on average, some of them
             | will probably figure out how to make an actually good US
             | school by sheer luck. Once we have that, the others have a
             | model to copy.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | I haven't been in public school in 15 years but there was
               | 2 public school districts, a public-private magnet school
               | associated with the State University and a Private
               | Catholic school with radically different curriculum in my
               | hometown. Even between the two high schools in the same
               | district there was different courses and funding because
               | of the property taxes funding specific schools and one
               | school was on the nice side of town.
               | 
               | As far as I understand, most public schools are
               | decentralized, at least the State level, if not further.
               | Are you claiming that is not the case currently?
        
               | irjustin wrote:
               | > De-centralize and de-nationalize schooling. It's clear
               | the feds have no idea how to make the education system
               | work. Let the states have ~50 different curricula, or
               | individual schools to have ~hundreds or ~thousands of
               | different curricula. Even if they're bad on average, some
               | of them will probably figure out how to make an actually
               | good US school by sheer luck. Once we have that, the
               | others have a model to copy.
               | 
               | Sadly, we already know what works, individualized/custom
               | attention that exposes the kid to a lot of fields. A
               | worse way to put it, more money == better education. And
               | this is largely true even if specifically wrong.
               | 
               | But once you try to scale that up, everything falls
               | apart.
        
               | rtsil wrote:
               | > Once we have that, the others have a model to copy.
               | 
               | That is a bold expectation. Some schools will have an
               | incentive to just have as much pupils pass the exam by
               | lowering the bar, other will be incentivized to just
               | teach the bare minimum, others won't have enough money if
               | the model of excellence is expensive (and it probably
               | will be).
               | 
               | And the model that applies to, say, a child who grew up
               | with college-educated parents won't necessarily apply to
               | the child from a blue collar family.
               | 
               | That is just to say that this is a hard problem. My
               | intuition is that the only way to achieve the best
               | education (excluding the case of hypergifted people)
               | seems to be by throwing money at it through personalized
               | education and tutoring and solving the child's other life
               | problems, i.e. the wealthy kid model, but obviously
               | that's not realistic when it comes to mass education. But
               | maybe mass education (at the level we seem to expect from
               | it) isn't realistic.
               | 
               | Or maybe we should reduce the number of subjects taught
               | in school to math, language and physical education.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | The problem with trying to make a good school is that
               | strong students pretty much teach themselves and their
               | performance far exceeds any effects from good teaching
               | methods. If any school starts to show decent results then
               | word gets around and it becomes a magnet school. Magnet
               | schools attract wealthy and high-performing students,
               | which totally swamp the effects of the teaching method
               | you're trying to study.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Good teachers unfettered by standardized course plans,
               | when dealing with brilliant students, keep pace with and
               | support those students. If this attracts even more
               | brilliant students, all the better! Then the brilliant
               | students will also support and motivate each other
               | leading to even better outcomes. This is an ideal
               | situation unless you're one of those Harrison Bergeron
               | people who wants to cap high achievers so they don't
               | leave the dummies in the dust.
               | 
               | We really should be prioritizing the brightest students,
               | because their brilliance has the best payoff for all of
               | society. Better to have 100 students who are genuine math
               | wizards and are prepared to continue building on what
               | they know than to have 10000 students who _sort of_ learn
               | basic calculus then forget all of it, with those previous
               | 100 lost in the noise and never given the resources to
               | reach their potential.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | On the contrary, standardized course plans are actually
               | the most effective way to provide truly reliable
               | instruction at all levels in a mass lecture/group
               | education format. One key reason why those 100 math
               | wizards don't all become PhD's is that math instruction
               | at both school and university level leads to the
               | proliferation of random gaps in learning where some
               | content just wasn't reinforced effectively. Since math
               | instruction generally builds on previously-learned math,
               | once you accumulate enough of these gaps you hit a wall,
               | and will need remedial instruction (often sought via
               | autonomous self-teaching, of course) to make any
               | progress. The dynamic is structurally the same between
               | the "dummies" and the "math whizs", all that changes is
               | the level at which the problem arises.
               | 
               | Focusing on a standardized course plan that the student
               | is able to learn, memorize and ultimately repeat
               | effortlessly makes it easy to ensure that absolutely
               | everything was reinforced properly.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >Let the states have ~50 different curricula,
               | 
               | There are several states in which that would be
               | absolutely disastrous.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | Congrats: what you're asking for is exactly how things
               | work now! The feds do not set currricula, each state does
               | independently. Common Core is an opt-in, state-led
               | initiative, which was based on the idea of examining the
               | latest research and practices in education across the
               | country, and adjusting curricula to match.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Except that as soon as someone says 'hey X works, here's
               | the data to prove it's all the rent seekers who have
               | gotten happy with the alternatives will fight against its
               | adoption. When I was younger I used to buy into the
               | 'laboratories of democracy' concept, now I think it's
               | more like 'meth labs of bureaucracy.'
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | I am not defending "Common Core", but why didn't this
               | happen before Common Core existed?
               | 
               | Also: Many highly advanced nations have a national-level
               | curriculum. What is different and why does it work?
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > Even if they're bad on average, some of them will
               | probably figure out how to make an actually good US
               | school by sheer luck. Once we have that, the others have
               | a model to copy.
               | 
               | How could anyone know that, if each school has its own
               | curriculum and exams? If you got 4 gold stars out of 5 on
               | your reading comprehension and I got three palm leaves
               | out of 4 at literature interpretation, which one of us is
               | getting a better education?
        
               | hoten wrote:
               | The ones who get into better colleges.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | The there is a de facto national curriculum, defined by
               | the good college entrance criteria.
        
               | EnigmaFlare wrote:
               | Schools and teachers have ways to make sure improvements
               | don't happen. These include - same pay regardless of
               | performance, not hiring or firing based on performance,
               | and teachers don't want to learn or do anything
               | differently, especially if it's even slightly harder than
               | what they already do. They're not really professionals
               | that improve or have any career growth besides management
               | and accumulating number of years experience. Schools
               | don't care either, nor do governments bother to
               | incentivize them to care.
               | 
               | Except in, say, China, where none of that applies and
               | education works great.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | > _Schools and teachers have ways to make sure
               | improvements don 't happen. These include - same pay
               | regardless of performance, not hiring or firing based on
               | performance, and teachers don't want to learn or do
               | anything differently, especially if it's even slightly
               | harder than what they already do_
               | 
               | You can just say unions, no need to beat around the bush.
               | Anyway, I don't really agree. Of course some teachers are
               | stuck in the mud, but other teachers are eager to try new
               | things and improve outcomes. If unfettered by
               | standardization they would be eagerly experimenting with
               | new approaches to teaching their subjects. And if school
               | funding weren't reliant on teachers "teaching the test",
               | then schools would find ways to reward these teachers
               | because it makes the administration look good to have
               | passionate and proactive teachers.
        
               | doikor wrote:
               | > Except in, say, China, where none of that applies and
               | education works great.
               | 
               | Yup the school system plagued by epidemic cheating where
               | cheating is even accepted to some level (you are an idiot
               | if you don't cheat).
        
           | dr_kiszonka wrote:
           | I always found that "feature" annoying because students who
           | knew the material well could fail questions testing its
           | mastery due to imprecise instructions. (My personal pet peeve
           | is not making it clear whether "or" is inclusive or
           | exclusive.)
        
             | hahajk wrote:
             | I can't think of a situation in which "or" would ever be
             | used in an exclusive sense unless it was explicitly called
             | out as an XOR or included "but not both".
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | "Is it A or B?"
               | 
               | "Do you want the burger or the ribs?"
        
           | monkeydreams wrote:
           | > The vagueness is seen as a feature, not a bug. The kid is
           | supposed to read between the lines and find out what the
           | problems are really about.
           | 
           | Pity the poor child who is capable of thinking both
           | inductively and reductively. Such lax testing standards
           | reminds me of the story of the WWII cryptographer in
           | Cryptonomicon who is asked to work out how long a ship would
           | take to travel down the river, comes up with a new theory of
           | fluid dynamics, and flunks the test.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | > The guy who figured this out (who Veritasium interviewed) is
         | crazy smart.
         | 
         | Eh. I knew about it before I took the SAT. It was in various
         | brain teasers books.
        
       | mlcrypto wrote:
       | The perspective from inside the circle was mind blowing. Can that
       | be an analogy to relativity & time?
        
         | emmet wrote:
         | Such a clever way of showing the mechanic! Tried to picture it
         | in my head first and then he just did it for me
        
       | pmayrgundter wrote:
       | None of the explanations gave me an intuition for it except the
       | circle rolling down a straight line with the same length as its
       | circumference.
       | 
       | A roll down the line will rotate the circle once. Coming back the
       | same. But rolling around one corner will add half a
       | circumference, and another half for rolling around the other. So
       | you get 2 * 0.5 extra circumferences, and so + 1 C. Somehow that
       | helps with the other polynomials for me too. Super cool.
        
         | KMag wrote:
         | Do you mean polygon, or did I miss something relating to a
         | polynomial solution?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | To me the intuitive explanation is that if they were gears,
         | with shafts fixed in a block, the small wheel would turn 3
         | times per turn of the big wheel, but in the given scenario the
         | small gear also has to go around the big one, hence the R/r+1
         | solution.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Yeah. I think that's the intuition I have about this too. It
           | rotates once by virtue of going around, and three times by
           | virtue of the size of the big circle.
           | 
           | If you imagine a very tiny circle it'd still rotate a full
           | time.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Yes, but that line of thought doesn't really help when the
           | small disk is rolling around the inside of the large disk,
           | not the outside.
        
         | krackers wrote:
         | Triangle is probably easier to see (120 deg rotation when you
         | turn the corner). Then you can see that the key is the sum of
         | exterior angles, and this holds as you increase num sides. In
         | the limit, you get a circle.
        
           | beautron wrote:
           | Oh wow! Hadn't heard it like this before, but now I like this
           | way the best. I can finally _see clearly_ where that  "extra"
           | rotation comes from.
        
           | cm2187 wrote:
           | Having watched the video, yours is the only intuitive
           | explaination that talks to me.
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | The best intuition for me was the YouTube comment that said to
         | imagine the rolling coin/circle is picked up on its edge, in
         | 3D, rolling like a unicycle wheel. It turns forwards to roll
         | and measure distance, and it turns sideways to travel around
         | the circular path. i.e. "N" rotations for circumference
         | distance on one axis (the straight line distance) plus one full
         | rotation on a different axis around the circle. When the coin
         | is lying flat, both have to happen on the same axis.
        
         | haltist wrote:
         | This is the right way to think about it. You get half at the
         | beginning and half at the end so overall you get an extra
         | rotation.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | For my inner eye, I can see that the circle will rotate half a
         | circumsphere to get around the corner.
         | 
         | But I can't really explain why. It's the same distance.
         | 
         | I get that when a road turns left, it's longer on the right
         | side, but these are lines that have no width and so there's no
         | stretch and by definition we've kept the length the same.
        
         | treyfitty wrote:
         | What corner? What shape only has 2 corners?
        
           | ec109685 wrote:
           | A line (which is really a rectangle in this case).
        
       | drc500free wrote:
       | What makes sense to me is to think about something that DOESN'T
       | roll.
       | 
       | Suppose I start in Greenwich, walk - without rolling - down the
       | prime meridian to the south pole, up the international date line
       | to the north pole, and back down the prime meridian to Greenwich.
       | 
       | How many rotations do I go through? One. I get a full rotation
       | because I've followed the earth's curvature all the way around
       | the globe once, even though I'm walking straight without rolling.
       | 
       | So the answer is "how many rotations due to rolling" plus "one
       | bonus rotation for passing around the curvature of the circle."
        
         | jagthebeetle wrote:
         | That intuition makes a lot of sense to me, especially if I
         | picture the person's frame of reference.
         | 
         | Kind of reminds me (a layman) of winding numbers. I suppose
         | there are topologically inspired variations of this problem
         | that might be even more "paradoxical" (or perhaps just silly).
         | If you moonwalk the second half, you undo your rotation? Or if
         | you follow specially designed subterranean tunnels, you can end
         | up doing 0 or negative rotations!
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | The way I thought about it was to ask what happens if you just
         | have a coin going around a point, which would be the natural
         | end point of reducing the size of the second coin. That of
         | course would give you 1, so a good first hypothesis is that the
         | total is just however many spins the two coins go, plus 1.
        
           | arketyp wrote:
           | The video demonstrates the 1:1 coin size case and speaks
           | about the curvature of the line it rolls on, but your thought
           | experiment makes it a lot clearer. As the size of the other
           | coin goes to 0, the amount "gnawed off" of the rolling coin
           | will also go to 0 while obviously still rotating a full
           | revolution.
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | I like this; it gives me a good way to think about the "from
         | the circle's view" - Earth center looking out at you sees your
         | feet close and your head far away, always; you don't rotate at
         | all.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | Yes, but that intuition doesn't seem to work for the case where
         | small disk is rolling around the inside of large one, not
         | outside. What's the intuition for why we then subtract one
         | rotation rather than adding one ?!
        
           | HenryPrickett wrote:
           | Very basically, to go the same direction, a small disk on the
           | inside and the outside of a large disk need to spin opposite
           | directions. When you're on the outside, your spinning
           | direction agrees with the direction you go around the circle
           | (i.e. the rotations add). When you're on the inside your
           | spinning direction is the opposite of the direction you go
           | around the circle (the rotation subtracts).
        
           | ahepp wrote:
           | It's concave rather than convex? It's bending into itself
           | instead of away from itself?
        
           | 7734128 wrote:
           | You're intuitively rolling the other way. Going on the
           | surface means that you're falling forwards while going inside
           | means that you're falling backwards.
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | I think you can always arrive at the correct answer by
           | tracking the distance traveled by the center of the rolling
           | object.
           | 
           | In the original SAT question, the center of the rolling
           | circle is 4r from the center. That means it travels an arc of
           | 8pi. Then assuming no-slip, that works out to 4 rotation.
           | 
           | In your case, rolling on the inside, the center of the
           | rolling circle will only be 2r from the center. Using the
           | same logic, this yields 2 rotations.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | Yes - the relationship between distance traveled by center
             | and number of rotations (= distance/diameter) is a nice
             | generalization, although the guy in the video went so fast
             | that I didn't understand his derivation of this
             | relationship (related to speed, etc).
        
             | bearmode wrote:
             | This is definitely the easier way to understand it. Imagine
             | a point in the centre of the circle that is traveling. Draw
             | the line that point takes, and then calculate using the new
             | circle.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | >How many rotations do I go through?
         | 
         | 0. Walking in a circle is different from spinning. They are 2
         | separate things that should be counted separately.
         | 
         | Adding them together should be a type error.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > I get a full rotation because I've followed the earth's
         | curvature all the way around the globe once, even though I'm
         | walking straight without rolling.
         | 
         | I don't follow. You aren't walking straight without rolling.
         | You're constantly turning to keep the angle from the center of
         | the earth to your head, as measured through your feet, fixed.
         | This is not a necessary part of moving around the earth; you
         | could maintain a constant orientation to e.g. the earth's axis
         | of rotation instead. The one rotation that you're imagining
         | isn't due to your travel around the earth; it's due to the
         | rolling that you're pretending you aren't doing along the way.
         | 
         | I tried defining a parametric equation for the position of a
         | point on the rim of the small outer circle; if it has radius r,
         | and it starts at coordinates (3r, 0) lying tangent to a circle
         | of radius 3r centered at the origin, and it takes 2pi units of
         | time to roll around the larger circle, then its position at
         | time t is                   (4r cos t, 4r sin t) - (r cos 3t, r
         | sin 3t)
         | 
         | (unless I've made a mistake...?)
         | 
         | We then need to define what a "revolution" is. If we define it
         | in what appears to me to be the obvious way, as having been
         | completed whenever the vector from the center of the outer
         | circle to the point that we're tracking on its rim is parallel
         | to its initial value of (-r, 0), then this parameterization
         | makes it clear that the zeroth revolution of the outer circle
         | ends at time t = 0, the first ends at t = 2pi / 3, the second
         | ends at t = 4pi / 3, and the third ends at t = 6pi / 3. Since
         | the maximum value of t is 6pi / 3, it appears that there cannot
         | be more than three revolutions.
         | 
         | However, I find the argument compelling that we should be able
         | to get the number of revolutions by dividing the distance
         | traveled by the center of the circle - 8pi - by the
         | circumference of the circle, 2pi. This clearly tells us that
         | there must have been four revolutions.
         | 
         | What was wrong with the parameterization approach?
        
       | bobby_table wrote:
       | The way I think of this is: If instead of having a small circle
       | rolling around a larger one, think of a circle with ANY non-zero
       | radius rolling around one with a zero (or really really small)
       | radius. You'll always end up with at least one rotation,
       | regardless of how small the other circle is. So +1 makes sense.
        
         | saberdancer wrote:
         | The way I thought about it, you have to roll around the larger
         | one and you have to roll around yourself (+1). So if they are
         | two same size circles, it's 1 for the other and 1 for yourself.
         | If the other one has 3 times bigger radius, it is 3 for the
         | bigger one and 1 for yourself. Etc.
         | 
         | Not sure if it is mathematically accurate but it seemed to make
         | sense to me.
        
       | jncfhnb wrote:
       | I think the explanation is kind of messy tbh.
       | 
       | People are going to have one of two interpretations. If a coin
       | rolls around another coin, is the distance traveled equal to the
       | edge along the the static coin? Or is it the distance traveled by
       | the center of the rotating coin?
       | 
       | If it's defined by the former, the answer is 3 because the
       | circumference is 3x as long as that of the traveling coin. If
       | it's defined by the latter then it's 4 because the circumference
       | of the base coin buffered out by the radius of the traveling coin
       | is 4x as long that of the traveling coin.
       | 
       | I vote 3 personally
        
         | orenlindsey wrote:
         | The point is that the question is vague and is open to multiple
         | different "correct" answers. SAT questions should only have one
         | correct answer, with no possibility of any others.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | The point is that the question is sort of interesting and the
           | history is just fluff for YouTube clicks and video length.
           | The context is irrelevant.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | It's not just that it was poorly worded, but rather poorly
           | conceived/analyzed. Apparently they had wanted the right
           | answer to be "3", and therefore basically asked the wrong
           | question (which would been a bit awkward to word!).
        
         | medler wrote:
         | It depends on the viewer's perspective. From the coin's point
         | of view it rotates three times, but to an outside viewer it
         | rotates four times. I think the outside viewer's perspective is
         | far more intuitive, so four is really the "most" correct answer
         | to me.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Perhaps. But I think the most intuitive is noting that a
           | coin's perimeter should touch the other coin exactly one full
           | time during a rotation.
        
         | omeze wrote:
         | Yea, I think the difference between "how many rotations" and
         | "how far is the center of the small disk traveling" is pretty
         | big. I was completely lost as to how you "add one" until I
         | watched what the video called a "rotation". It would have never
         | occurred to me to call the coin being upright a rotation... the
         | Art of Problem solving question in another comment thread was
         | more clearly worded for that scenario
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | The question wording was about "revolutions" of the small
           | disk. The distance traveled by the small disk center (= 4x
           | it's own diameter) was only used as a way to calculate the
           | number of revolutions, but I'm still not getting the
           | intuition for how each diameter of distance traveled by the
           | disk center equals one rotation regardless of the shape of
           | path followed (it's obvious for a flat line of course).
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | If a coin rolls such that its complete perimeter touches
             | the other surface exactly once it will move the distance of
             | its perimeter. In this case the total distance is 3x the
             | perimeter so the edge answer is 3. Shape doesn't matter.
             | 
             | If you're wondering how many times the traveling coin 360s
             | you have to account for the fact that it is rotating both
             | because it's rolling and because it's going around the the
             | other thing. You can simplify this by just imagining it's
             | the edge again, but the edge is going along the radius of
             | the inner and traveling coin (3+1).
             | 
             | Dumb it down. How far does a point travel? X units. X units
             | / coin perimeter = coin rotations required to travel X.
             | Ergo the only question is whether the distance traveled is
             | along the perimeter of the 3r coin or if it's based on the
             | center of the traveling coin (3+1).
        
             | jodrellblank wrote:
             | (as I commented elsewhere) I found it useful to picture a
             | unicycle; a straight line track means the wheel rolls
             | forwards the same distance as the length of the track.
             | Curve the track around to the right into a circle and when
             | the unicycle rolls forward in a straight line it's getting
             | away from the track (at a tangent) - it would have to slide
             | sideways to get to where the track is. That is some extra
             | movement for the curved track compared to the straight
             | track which has to be accounted for somewhere, somehow, and
             | of course the unicycle _turns right_ while rolling forwards
             | to follow the curve in the track. When it gets back to the
             | start, it must have done 1 complete turn to the right as
             | well as all the rolling forwards. As long as the track is
             | simple (no loops, bridges, crossings), e.g. a square with
             | rounded corners, going around and back to the start needs
             | the left and right turns to balance out to get to 1
             | complete turn - too much turning right spirals in, too much
             | turning left spirals out, only a balanced amount of left
             | and right turning that ends up as 1 complete turn can meet
             | up back at the beginning.
             | 
             | Seeing the turns in two axes made it clear to me that the
             | forwards rolling is always the length of the track because
             | changing the shape doesn't change the length, and the
             | sideways turn is always one for any simple loop or it
             | wouldn't be a circuit. That fixes your question " _how each
             | diameter of distance traveled by the disk center equals one
             | rotation regardless of the shape of path followed_ " - you
             | say it's obvious for a straight line, and curving the line
             | can't change the length of the line, the extra rotation to
             | go round a circuit must be one, so there's nothing which
             | can vary.
             | 
             | (If you lie the unicycle down on its side, the 1 complete
             | turn to the right needed to follow the curve around to the
             | start doesn't go away, it has to happen, and now it has to
             | happen in the same axis as the rolling forwards happens so
             | it's much less clear (to me). If the only thing the wheel
             | can do is roll forwards, this extra movement from earlier
             | to avoid getting away from the track can only be extra
             | rolling - the extra one turn for the loop, spread over the
             | N turns for the distance).
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | The text of the question did not ask about distance, it asked
         | about revolutions.
         | 
         | "In the figure above, the radius of circle A is one-third the
         | radius of circle B. Starting from position shown in figure,
         | circle A rolls around circle B. At the end of how many
         | revolutions of circle A will the center of circle A first reach
         | its starting point?"
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Indeed. But distance is a much more intuitive way to think
           | about the problem than frames of reference of the rotations
           | imo.
           | 
           | Are revolutions the coin rotating 360 degrees or are they the
           | complete perimeter rotating across the other coin and touch
           | the other one exactly once.
           | 
           | The problem is intended to be mapped onto a distance
           | perspective and figured out that way. So it's very much
           | distance.
        
         | natdempk wrote:
         | I felt the same way, the question is pretty ambiguous, there
         | are two readings, one corresponds with a somewhat "unintuitive"
         | answer provided, and another doesn't, but is maybe more
         | intuitive to some people, and yet "everyone got it wrong". I
         | think its a bad question because the terms aren't defined
         | clearly, but the "everyone got it wrong besides these people"
         | framing is also not really true imo. I also didn't see why the
         | original answer isn't considered defensible because from the
         | view inside the circle, each of the 4 "rotations" doesn't look
         | like a rotation because you don't start and end them from the
         | same view.
        
       | xorcist wrote:
       | Does the video spoil the solution too or is it only the question?
        
         | orenlindsey wrote:
         | Well, there's not really one solution. Watch the video to see
         | what I mean.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | the video starts out with the question and then says you can
         | pause if you want to work on it. Then it the next thing it says
         | is something about the answer.
        
       | sillysaurusx wrote:
       | There is an intuitive way to see why this is true.
       | 
       | Picture a circle rolling around the outside of another. Easy to
       | picture, right? Even if it's not clear how many times it rotates,
       | you can still visualize it.
       | 
       | Now imagine the outer circle has to spin around the _inside_ of
       | the first circle.
       | 
       | Stack two quarters, and try to spin the top quarter around the
       | inside of the bottom quarter.
       | 
       | You can't do it. There's no room. If they're identical size, the
       | top quarter can't spin "around" the inner edge of the bottom
       | quarter.
       | 
       | Now put a penny on top of a quarter. Spin _that_ around. Not
       | along the outside, but along the inside of the quarter. You'll
       | see the penny is tracing a very tight circle. There's not much
       | room.
       | 
       | Now put the penny next to the quarter and spin it around the
       | outer edge of the quarter. It goes easily. Plenty of room.
       | 
       | If you do the naive calculation, you'd get the same answer for
       | both cases. But clearly there's a difference.
       | 
       | The difference is more apparent if you imagine the coins had
       | little teeth, like gears. If you go around the outside, it'll go
       | just fine. But if you hollow out the quarter and put teeth along
       | the inside, and try to spin the penny around in that, you'll find
       | that it doesn't make anywhere close to a full rotation each time
       | you go around.
        
         | whoopdedo wrote:
         | This becomes even more apparent when you turn the circumference
         | of the fixed circle into a straight line. (As the video
         | suggested but didn't show in the same way.) The center of the
         | rolling circle will trace a line parallel and equal length to
         | the fixed line, whether above or below it. If you reform the
         | circle the outer line will be too short to form a complete
         | circle, and the inner line will overlap itself.
        
       | medler wrote:
       | The application to sidereal time is where this really gets
       | interesting. It's far from a trivial question of semantics or a
       | mathematical trick. It's something astronomers have known about
       | for ages, since the amount of time it takes for the Earth to make
       | one rotation is different from the perspective of distant stars
       | than from the perspective of the sun.
        
         | whartung wrote:
         | Indeed. This was my favorite part of the video. The discussion
         | of the problem and SAT part are interesting, but when it delves
         | into the sidereal time aspect, it just flies off into a
         | direction where never saw coming and presented some fascinating
         | aspects I'd never had need to consider.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | what is perplexing to me is that I've been thinking about the
         | sidereal problem for the last or so
         | 
         | ...(because I heard on a podcast that the earliest sunset
         | occurs more than a week before the solstice and the latest
         | sunrise occurs after the solstice, but still the solstice is
         | the shortest day, and they said something about the tilt of the
         | earth and I was thinking that was not explanatory, so I've been
         | idly noodling about it)...
         | 
         | and I just got this problem wrong! didn't even occur to me :)
         | in my defense, the thumbnail for this video does not state the
         | question so I wasn't sure what I was supposed to do, but guided
         | by the multiple choice I selected 3
         | 
         | but talk about having my brain primed for the question... doh!
        
       | TarasBob wrote:
       | The way I think about it is imagine the circle in the middle is
       | very tiny compared to the circle that rolls.
        
         | medler wrote:
         | I like this perspective as well. If the coin is rotating around
         | a point (radius 0), the point on the coin edge touching the
         | point will not move at all, yet the coin will make one rotation
         | before returning to its original position.
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | This is an 18 minute video about an SAT problem from 1982. If
       | you're not sure you want to commit to it, here's a
       | contemporaneous NYT article:
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/25/us/error-found-in-sat-que...
       | 
       | (Gift link.)
       | 
       | And a recent Scientific American article:
       | 
       | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-sat-problem-t...
       | 
       | (Both of these are linked from the video description itself.)
       | 
       | I'll bet Marilyn vos Savant wouldn't have got this one wrong[1].
       | :-)
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20130121183432/http://marilynvos...
        
         | hightrix wrote:
         | Thank you so very much. Reading this article was so much more
         | valuable to me as I would have never watched an 18 min video to
         | show a single question that needed 1 paragraph to discuss.
        
           | jjnoakes wrote:
           | The video does go further - it contains some interesting
           | content around how this concept relates to the earth's orbit
           | around the sun, the discrepancy between the duration of an
           | earth day and a 360 degree rotation about the earth's axis,
           | and why astronomy days are not the same length as earth days.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | Yeah, the SAT question is almost an excuse to speak about
             | this things, and you also get to see an interview with one
             | of the concerned candidates. Very enjoyable video.
        
               | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
               | There's also an interesting note about when the specified
               | answers in the question would have been right, the point
               | of view of the centre circle.
        
               | jjnoakes wrote:
               | I actually didn't think that part belonged in there.
               | Considering a rotating point of view seemed contrived to
               | me.
        
               | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
               | Surely the intended meaning of the question belongs in
               | the discussion?
               | 
               | You're right, it's contrived. But I automatically tried
               | to compare lengths too. So it's a good lesson in making
               | sure that your simplification of the question still does
               | what the question asks.
        
               | jjnoakes wrote:
               | I'm not convinced that the intended meaning was to
               | consider a rotating reference frame. I think it was
               | simply an oversight that the straight-line answer and the
               | around-a-circle answer aren't the same. A rotating
               | reference frame is one way to explain that oversight, but
               | it isn't the only one.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Also note you can speed it up. I usually watch YouTube on 1.5
           | speed, so this is a 12 minute video for me ;-)
        
         | alister wrote:
         | The New York Times says:
         | 
         |  _The choice was given among these answers: (a) 3 over 2. (b)
         | 3. (c) 6. (d) 9 over 2. (e) 9. ''The answer to this question
         | should have been 4, not 3. Daniel B. Taylor, the College
         | Board's executive vice president for operations, said as a
         | result of the flawed question, he anticipated score adjustments
         | of 10 points, up or down._
         | 
         | I'm wondering how they corrected the scores since the correct
         | answer was not in the list of choices. I'm assuming that they
         | simply excluded the question -- so if there were 154 questions
         | in total, they recalculated as if there were only 153
         | questions. I'd like to imagine that the three students who
         | reported the error got an extra boost to their scores, but
         | probably not.
        
           | chatmasta wrote:
           | According to the video, they rescored all 300,000 affected
           | tests after excluding the question.
        
             | sverhagen wrote:
             | I found the notion pretty shocking how deeply the rescoring
             | affected people. If the test writers couldn't even get it
             | right, why fault the test takers. I get it... rules... but
             | it still feels unfair at some angle.
        
               | perryizgr8 wrote:
               | They should have done max(old_score, re_score) for all
               | test takers. That's the only fair way. Although I don't
               | know if SAT grades on a curve, which wouldn't play well
               | with this method (I think?).
        
               | SkeuomorphicBee wrote:
               | That is not a fair way, for two reasons:
               | 
               | 1. You can't award a bonus question to a subset of
               | people, that is not a fair way of running a standardized
               | test. You can't score some people as x/154 and some at
               | x/153.
               | 
               | 2. The old score was just plain wrong, so using it in any
               | way is unfair.
               | 
               | The truth is no one got that question right because there
               | was no right answer available. None of those available
               | answers is "righter" than the other so it is not fair to
               | assign a higher score to one of them like you proposed.
               | Those people that got a higher old_score also got that
               | question wrong, so their old_score is as wrong as any,
               | and awarding them this unearned extra point would be
               | unfair.
               | 
               | The only two fair options would be: to annul the whole
               | test and make everyone retake; or the one taken where
               | they annul that one question pretending it never existed
               | and score based on the remaining questions (with each
               | remaining question now being worth a fraction more). And
               | this later option is in fact very fair, I don't think
               | there is any real argument against this being fair.
               | 
               | It does suck that people were initially informed a wrong
               | score and then later were disappointed with their real
               | score. On this line I find it absurd that the SATs don't
               | have the recourse period before they release the scores,
               | and instead just releases the tentative scores as if they
               | were real. This would all have been avoided if they heard
               | the recourse and annulled the question before publishing
               | results (as pretty much any serious exam around the world
               | does it).
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > I found the notion pretty shocking how deeply the
               | rescoring affected people.
               | 
               | The effect of noise on your score is supposed to be
               | around 30 points. A 10-point effect is too small to
               | measure. How can that be "shockingly deep"?
        
               | SkeuomorphicBee wrote:
               | Nothing unfair about it, the truth is everyone got that
               | question wrong (because there was no right option
               | available), so they didn't fault the test takers, instead
               | just annulled that one and scored everyone based on the
               | actual questions, it is as fair as it can be.
               | 
               | It does suck for the people who though they had that one
               | right, it is distressing to be shown one score and then
               | later find out that the real score is lower. That should
               | have been avoided by having an official recourse window
               | before publishing scores, so when problematic questions
               | are annulled then people only see their actual final
               | score (in my country a recourse window is standard for
               | all public exams).
        
               | huytersd wrote:
               | If they annulled the question, why would the score drop?
               | Shouldn't the scores be renormalized around the new
               | number of questions, the easiest way being to just give
               | everyone the points for it?
        
           | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
           | At least one of the three answered the question "correctly",
           | so they would have gotten a _worse_ score after rescoring,
           | provided they answered anything else incorrectly.
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | While I share your disdain for unnecessarily long YouTube
         | videos, Veritasium often (not always) gets a pass from me. I
         | have been instant clicking pretty much every video he's
         | released in the past few months and always came out having
         | learned a lot and satisfied.
         | 
         | The only other channel I would give the same pass is neo.
        
           | jraph wrote:
           | > The only other channel I would give the same pass is neo.
           | 
           | Nice, thanks for the mention, I'll check this out. At first
           | sight, typically looks like stuff I would enjoy.
        
             | ramraj07 wrote:
             | I would start with their Thai Cave rescue video. I scratch
             | my head how this guy is not on tv.
        
               | drdrey wrote:
               | his Kowloon Walled City is incredibly well made
        
               | corethree wrote:
               | First 10 seconds into the video I know one major reason
               | working against him. He has a bit of lisp. Personally I
               | don't mind, but I'd be lying if I said his videos would
               | be better without it.
               | 
               | Fortunately we have youtube.
        
               | EE84M3i wrote:
               | It's almost 2024. He seems to do very well on YouTube and
               | has a lot more freedom in his niche. Why would he want to
               | be on TV?
        
               | alt227 wrote:
               | TV presenting pays very well in comparison to Youtube.
               | Plus all you have to do is turn up and read a script, as
               | opposed to filming and editing a video to high production
               | standards, or having to pay somebody out of your ad
               | revenue to do it for you.
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | Is someone still watching tv? Nobody in my neighborhood
               | watches linear tv anymore. Already for many years. Maybe
               | some elder people?
        
               | alt227 wrote:
               | Pretty much everyone I know in the UK watches linear TV,
               | old and young.
               | 
               | According to last years research, over 50% of people are
               | still watching linear TV via broadcast or cable:
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/for-the-first-
               | time-e...
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | That is mind boggling. In the US, I know no one under the
               | age of ~50 that watched linear TV. Even the 50+ year olds
               | are using their phone and watching YouTube/Whatsapp
               | videos while "watching" linear TV.
               | 
               | Live sports are the only exception, but I would say that
               | is down big time also (as Nielsen indicates). Or rather,
               | a series of gambling ads interspersed with a sporting
               | event.
               | 
               | Overall, I don't think Nielsen is able to properly assess
               | which screen has people's focus.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | You may be interested to see this critique of Veritasium
           | which cooled my views on the channel significantly since I
           | saw it:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/CM0aohBfUTc
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | Given the length of the video (50+ mins), could you give us
             | a TLDR? What aspects of the channel does the critique take
             | aim at?
        
               | nojs wrote:
               | He claims Derek's Waymo video was a paid PR piece and too
               | favourable to the company. He also spends 2 minutes
               | explaining why you need Surfshark VPN
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | Which is obvious to anyone with half a brain though. So
               | what. We have discretion to choose which of his videos to
               | watch. I doubt he got paid by the laws of thermodynamics
               | to make his entropy video.
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | Sure, but there are lots of good science content creators
               | out there and I'd rather just watch one where I don't
               | have to worry about it. The Waymo video is over the top
               | credulous, even for something they were being paid to
               | review. In general, the idea of building a channel based
               | on "the element of truth", establishing yourself as an
               | educator, and then shamelessly selling your credibility
               | in that way is kind of a turn off. At least I'm not going
               | to see you as credible in the same way anymore, and
               | others feel the same.
               | 
               | That said, the channel is more popular than ever so who
               | knows.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | He's just in the pocket of Big Physics! /s
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | So it's just about the one video? It's not about
               | technology reviews in general, or any of the math stuff
               | (like what was linked in the video above)?
        
             | hoten wrote:
             | This guy does hour long videos on many large popular
             | YouTubers. I tried watching one but it was so. drawn. out.
             | Is he just creating controversy from nothing?
        
               | beaned wrote:
               | Yeah, pretty much.
        
               | deaddodo wrote:
               | He's like Turkey Tom, but instead of just recapping
               | YouTubers/YT Drama, which is already the reality TV
               | version of YouTube content, he wants to treat it like
               | hard hitting journalism. Which means he overinflates and
               | exaggerates everything.
        
             | jnsaff2 wrote:
             | The thing that put me off veritasium was the electricity
             | video which was immediately controversial.
             | 
             | Looking at just the video he left the feeling that all
             | electricity being taught is completely wrong while actually
             | he was talking about some edge case and failed to put it
             | into the proper context. He did not mention at all that the
             | proportion of what he was talking about was essentially
             | irrelevant unless you are an electronics board designer.
        
               | ploxiln wrote:
               | EE details relevant to electronics board designers are
               | kinda important and interesting, and I have a lot of
               | sympathy for "technically correct". But that veritasium
               | video was a _trick_ question, and a misleading video. It
               | subtly shifted between ideal model to real-world effects
               | to smugly show how most skilled EEs are wrong about
               | electricity, but Derek knows the truth.
               | 
               | In a simplified circuit model it would work like a
               | circuit, in a as-real-world-as-possible model it would
               | always be dominated by interference. In a carefully-
               | segregated-semi-real model, it would be less than 1% on
               | after 1/c seconds, would you really call that on? If it
               | was, then 100% on would be way too much current!
               | 
               | So many minutes spent _without_ explaining that the real
               | world is very complicated and EEs apply different models
               | to different situations as appropriate, and it 's silly
               | to say that only the field matters not the electrons
               | because of course the electrons cause the field while the
               | field moves the electrons, and the original question is a
               | trick because it's an idealized thought experiment which
               | tries to trick you into applying the wrong model but
               | that's silly because it's _an idealized thought
               | experiment_ which wouldn 't work in the real world so
               | it's only purpose is to exercise a simplified model ...
               | 
               | Great fodder for a series of viral-y videos from multiple
               | youtubers though. (electroboom's response was pretty good
               | IMHO)
        
               | quailfarmer wrote:
               | Hah, that video really ticked me off at the time.
               | Technically true, but only in the least meaningful way
               | possible.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Yeah I really liked the AlphaPheonix video[0] where he
               | actually built the thing in a field and explained the
               | entire effect properly.
               | 
               | I'm not entirely sure if Derek didn't really understand
               | what he was presenting in that video or deliberately
               | based it on a really misleading bullshit gotcha to troll
               | people and stir debate for clicks, and neither reflects
               | very well on him.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vrhk5OjBP8
        
               | sixothree wrote:
               | His latest video on open ended wires is very much worth a
               | watch.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | That one was absolutely amazing, it (and the electric
               | current maze solving one) brought my intuition for
               | electricity to a whole new level.
        
               | Jackson__ wrote:
               | The one that I really couldn't stand was the "How to slow
               | aging" one, in which he interviews a man, who in my
               | opinion clearly had some sort of cosmetic surgery done on
               | himself to appear younger. He talks about how to reverse
               | aging in mice, and then randomly claims he actually
               | reversed aging _in himself_.[0]
               | 
               | For anyone following science in mice, this seems like an
               | extremely huge red flag. That together with the cosmetic
               | surgery and a clear financial incentive for the him to
               | lie here, seeing as he is selling a book about it, was
               | triggering just about every bullshit detecting neuron in
               | my brain.
               | 
               | Veritasium however seems perfectly fine with it, and
               | still posted the video.
               | 
               | I haven't ever seen anyone else bring this up, so if
               | anyone wants to share their own hot take on this, I'd be
               | interested to know :)
               | 
               | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRt7LjqJ45k
        
               | antihipocrat wrote:
               | In response to all the controversy he made a follow up
               | video [0]. In the video he recreated the experiment,
               | explaining the effect in a more technically correct
               | manner and also apologised for not doing so on the
               | original.
               | 
               | He also made it clear that the light globe in the
               | original video did not receive enough current to light
               | up.. it was hooked up to an alternative power source and
               | an oscilloscope and upon receiving any signal above
               | baseline would switch on the globe.
               | 
               | [0] https://youtu.be/oI_X2cMHNe0?si=uprU-oZfk3ahKgx0
        
               | logiduck wrote:
               | When i watched that follow up video and he didn't
               | apologize he only said that he wasn't clear enough. In
               | most responses like the other above linked criticism he
               | doesn't apologize either and just gives out a long list
               | of reasons why he's right. In the electricity follow up
               | video it really seemed like he was saying more along the
               | lines of "I was always right, you just weren't smart
               | enough to understand what i was _really_ saying because i
               | was unclear ". So I wouldn't say that he apologized, just
               | doubled down and accepted fault with the lack of clarity
               | but without saying sorry in any way.
               | 
               | It really put me off his channel for a long time. I still
               | watch his channel to be fair and get a lot out of it, but
               | his videos hit different after seeing him double down on
               | criticisms and contorting controversy instead of just
               | saying sorry.
        
               | antihipocrat wrote:
               | Of all the many episodes I've watched, it's the only
               | episode that I felt was misleading.
        
               | teekert wrote:
               | Yeah the induction thing. That also left a sour taste in
               | my mouth. I also don't like his correction where he sort
               | of tries to proof he was bit right
        
               | dghughes wrote:
               | > He did not mention at all that the proportion of what
               | he was talking about was essentially irrelevant unless
               | you are an electronics board designer.
               | 
               | If you want to get that detailed most people would freak
               | at conventional vs electron flow. The + wire is actually
               | where the negative electrons are emitted. But as
               | electricity was developed people didn't know that but it
               | all works out so it was left as is. For physics or any
               | other scientific experiments electron flow is used.
               | 
               | Even the term "negative" is a can of worms it could have
               | been called green or red or yellow not "negative". It
               | comes from Ben Franklin and accounting terms.
        
               | class3shock wrote:
               | I would add I felt the wind powered car video was
               | similar. I started watching him years ago as he had an
               | amazing video looking at a silicon sphere being made to
               | use as a new mass standard. In recent years though his
               | videos seem to increasingly confuse subjects (for me)
               | instead of clarify them.
        
             | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
             | The Veritasium video is kind of weird. The example is good
             | and interesting and when I watched I thought he would then
             | introduce the concept of transmission lines (as taught in
             | EE classes). It would make things clearer and gives an
             | explanation and also maybe some intuition to problems like
             | that. Instead he starts talking about the poynting vector,
             | which makes things even more abstract and weird (and also
             | he is slightly misleading about the poynting vector,
             | especially for the DC case). It seems like he is trying to
             | make things weird for the sake of weirdness and not trying
             | to explain anything.
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | Derek Muller from Veritasium replied to the video it seems
             | there was some behind the scenes communication which the
             | video author (Tom Nicholas) ignored but replied to in a
             | long comment. It seems to to create sensationalism. He got
             | 2.1M views so I guess it worked.
        
             | arijun wrote:
             | Just watched the video--it has the same failings as most
             | other debunking videos (e.g. Thunderf00t): in order to get
             | views he must show that what he is debunking is _very_
             | wrong, and so manufactures gotchas. It's a little ironic
             | that his video accusing Veratasium of lacking nuance is
             | completely lacking nuance itself. Although admittedly, he's
             | not wrong that Veratasium is lacking nuance and is too
             | breathless in his praise.
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | I intended no shade on Veritasium and my comment that the
           | video is 18 minutes long wasn't an expression of disdain,
           | merely a statement of fact. Rather, my intent was to offer an
           | alternative for folks who prefer to read instead of or before
           | watching a video.
        
             | jahnu wrote:
             | I appreciated it. Most of the time I would be interrupting
             | my music or silence or disturbing those around me if I
             | played videos. Friends send me links to video after video
             | and I just can't even review whether they are worth my time
             | because of the above issues. At least text I can quickly
             | scan to get a sense. I really regret how video has come to
             | utterly dominate.
        
             | addicted wrote:
             | Thank you for sharing the articles.
             | 
             | I did not want to watch a video and preferred reading about
             | this irrespective of the length of the video.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | The video used modern social media length dragout
             | techniques that make virtually all modern podcast like
             | media so tiresome to listen to.
             | 
             | "You won't BELIEVE what everyone got wrong"
             | 
             | Here's the trumped up drama from people involved.
             | 
             | Here's an interview
             | 
             | Here's a restatement of the cliffhanger
             | 
             | Oops the author dropped enough info that I can read the
             | Wikipedia article in 30 seconds. End streaming media.
             | 
             | The amount of "good podcasts" that are ultimately a
             | Wikipedia page drawn out over 20-30 minutes is just
             | ridiculous.
             | 
             | "Good tv" like a good john Oliver show or Frontline is
             | chock full of information, further avenues of research if
             | interested, and dense.
             | 
             | Geewhiz podcasts like these seem like the result of YouTube
             | algorithmic game theory result rather than an improvement
             | to the access and organization of info that Wikipedia
             | represented.
             | 
             | I'm cranky this morning, sorry
        
               | RuggedPineapple wrote:
               | That's not modern, that's been media since time
               | immemorial. Geraldo spent 2 hours talking about what
               | could be in Al Capone's vault only for them to finally
               | open it up and it was empty. Magazines would print
               | stories in serial format so you had to buy the next
               | issue.
               | 
               | Writing and structuring to fit the length you want/need
               | has been the norm for a century or two at least before
               | social media came about. Hell, there's evidence that
               | Shakespeare padded out a couple of his plays to fit the
               | 4-pages per folio printing techniques of the time so that
               | there weren't blank pages at the end.
        
               | runlaszlorun wrote:
               | Geraldo's vault! Haven't thought about that in a good
               | while...
        
               | hasmanean wrote:
               | Or the camera in the great pyramid...3 hours of opening a
               | door, entering a tunnel only to find another door.
        
               | hasmanean wrote:
               | Veritasium is much better than Shakespeare. If you
               | dropped his videos 500 years ago it would have caused a
               | minor revolution.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > "Good tv" like a good john Oliver show or Frontline is
               | chock full of information, further avenues of research if
               | interested, and dense.
               | 
               | I have seen John Oliver state errors or misrepresent
               | data/leave out information in favor of the
               | comedy/supporting a particular viewpoint. A good HN
               | thread with people knowledgeable about the subject or in
               | the field about a John Oliver episode will usually be
               | full of more information.
        
               | peterleiser wrote:
               | This is the same reason I can't watch Dateline, where
               | telling the story linearly and with just the facts would
               | actually take about 3 minutes.
        
             | hasmanean wrote:
             | This is a general problem. If you want to get a good answer
             | to a certain class of problems (especially in the diy
             | domain, and now even math problems), YouTube videos are the
             | best. But you have to watch 20 minutes. This is not
             | scalable.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | For me , 99% of the time, obtaining information from a
               | video is less time efficient than a written piece. I
               | almost always ignore video links.
               | 
               | After reading the NYT article, I would say there was no
               | need for me to spend an additional 15min watching the
               | video.
        
               | js2 wrote:
               | For the shade tree mechanic and/or handyman, YouTube is a
               | tremendous boon. A few years ago I needed to replace the
               | cooking elements in my double-oven and I found repair
               | videos on Vimeo[1]. So I built a dolly and pulled my oven
               | out[2]. It takes all the fear and uncertainty out of a
               | repair you've never done before.
               | 
               | Videos have all the tips and tricks missing from
               | conventional repair manuals and shop guides.
               | 
               | For academic material, I prefer the written word. For
               | repairs around my home? I'll go to YouTube.
               | 
               | [1] https://vimeopro.com/fisherpaykeltechnical/training-
               | videos/v...
               | 
               | [2] https://i.ibb.co/fkL0r3Q/IMG-2416.jpg
        
           | otteromkram wrote:
           | > [...] often (not always) gets a pass from me.
           | 
           | Thank you for clarifying what "often" means.
           | 
           | Say, how can you tell which ones should get a pass?
           | 
           | Is there a way the less intelligent folks (like myself) could
           | get a notification for when you decide to watch or not watch
           | one of Veritasium's latest creations?
           | 
           | Do you feel more intelligent after watching that video? If
           | so, could you share some of the techniques you used to
           | capitalize on passive learning?
        
       | elbasti wrote:
       | Question: the outside circle is a tire made of rubber, which
       | wears down at a known rate.
       | 
       | Which tire wears down more:
       | 
       | A tire that rolls around a circle of circumference D.
       | 
       | A tire that rolls down a flat surface, total distance D?
        
         | johnfn wrote:
         | Well, surely these are the same. Right? Haha of course they
         | are. This is silly. Right? RIGHT?!?
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Just because it's spinning more does not mean it wears out
         | faster though.
         | 
         | Maybe tires are more resistant to rolling on curvatures?
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | I'd say they are less resistant to going on positive
           | curvatures. It's like a bum that goes deeper into the tire,
           | deforming tire more which should result in more wear than
           | driving on even surface.
        
       | elwell wrote:
       | What if the large circle rotates at the same rate that the small
       | circle 'orbits' it?
        
       | jhncls wrote:
       | The coin around coin problem has its own wikipedia page, although
       | some people want to delete it:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_rotation_paradox
        
         | jhncls wrote:
         | The same paradox is also featured prominently as part of a
         | Mathologer video [0] and an article in Scientific American [1].
         | 
         | [0]: https://youtu.be/oEN0o9ZGmOM?t=523s
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-sat-
         | problem-t...
        
         | alister wrote:
         | I love the Wikipedia animations -- they are usually extremely
         | helpful -- but when I'm trying to read the article, I find them
         | distracting. I usually move another window on top to obscure
         | the animations so I can concentrate on the article. But there
         | must be a better way. Is there a hotkey to stop animations? For
         | Firefox in particular?
         | 
         | EDIT: I don't want to stop animations permanently with
         | about:config; I just want to pause and un-pause.
        
         | caditinpiscinam wrote:
         | > although some people want to delete it
         | 
         | I hope they don't. The argument for removing it is basically
         | that if you understand geometry, then the conclusion is
         | obvious; but since this is an area where most people's
         | understanding of geometry is incorrect (myself included, before
         | today), the article is valuable. I don't see how it's different
         | from articles on other mathematical paradoxes (Simpson's
         | paradox, for example).
        
       | ecshafer wrote:
       | My answer to this after reading the question was 1, because by
       | definition it is one revolution. So I thought that was trick, and
       | the answer essentially is none of the above. But there is a lot
       | more nuance here than just that with multiple definitions of
       | revolution versus rotations, and sidereal time is where this
       | answer can get weird.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | The only ambiguity there would be revolution/rotation about
         | what center - the small disk's own center or the center of the
         | large one. It seems pretty obvious they are expecting you to
         | calculate something, so assuming this is a trick question and
         | the answer is 1 would seem a risky interpretation, and anyways
         | wasn't one of the answer options.
        
           | matt-attack wrote:
           | But isn't that precisely the distinction between rotation and
           | revolution already provides? When I first read it I thought,
           | well they used the word revolution so clearly the answer is
           | 1. If they had stated "rotations" then the answer is
           | obviously 4.
           | 
           | It's pretty ridiculous they couldn't use the right word when
           | the distinction was taught back it elementary school during
           | the discussion of the motion of the earth.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | But why is it _obviously_ 4 ? Is it equally obvious that if
             | the small disk was rolling around the inside of the large
             | disk then the answer would be 2 ?
             | 
             | If you already know the relationship between distance
             | traveled by the center of the small circle and number of
             | rotations, then of course both answers (for outside of
             | circle, or inside) are obvious, but the inside case doesn't
             | seem intuitive.
             | 
             | btw, it seems they were intending "3" to be the right
             | answer, but the wording isn't even close to what it'd have
             | to be for that to be the right answer!
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Interesting: I took the SAT in 1982 and don't remember this
       | problem. They don't give you your % right, just percentile and a
       | mysterious score between 200 and 800 for some reason. Does 800
       | mean 100%?
        
         | hatthew wrote:
         | anecdata from years ago: 100% is 800, and leaving one question
         | blank is 780.
        
         | zdw wrote:
         | I got an 800 on the Math portion of the SAT, but the results
         | also said I missed a question (this was mid-90's), so maybe
         | that one was thrown out?
         | 
         | (1480 combined, did a prep class but didn't pay much attention
         | to the language bits)
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Back in 1982 our school's entire SAT prep was: "bring only #2
           | pencils. Sharpen them before you come. Fill the bubble
           | completely and don't leave any other marks. If you can
           | eliminate one answer, it's worth picking one randomly, else
           | skip the question." I don't remember that there was any SAT
           | prep culture like there is these days. Nobody had heard of
           | ACT -- perhaps it didn't exist yet.
           | 
           | There were apparently about 50 of us in my year at MIT who
           | had 800/800, and apparently that was pretty standard. I don't
           | think I was the only one in my HS class of 39.
        
           | calfuris wrote:
           | The scaled scores are intended to be directly comparable, so
           | the mapping from raw score to scaled score depends on the
           | difficulty of the questions on the particular test that you
           | took. On a sufficiently hard section, you can miss a question
           | and still get an 800.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | When I took the SAT a couple decades later, there were multiple
         | sittings per year. Is it possible you took it at a different
         | time? You should be able to check the news coverage and see
         | which sitting it refers to.
        
       | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
       | It's odd to me that anyone would come up with 3, to me it was
       | immediately very apparent from the diagram that the closest
       | answer was 9/2.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | I guess if you're smart enough to realize that 4 is the right
         | answer, but isn't one of the choices, then the next question is
         | "what were they thinking?", which is why 3 would be the smart
         | guess to get your answer marked as correct.
        
       | pbj1968 wrote:
       | I'm no genius, but I used to score well on such tests as a
       | youngster. I was handed an IQ test circa ~1996 and got about two
       | thirds through it before I found a question where none of the
       | responses were correct. I brought it to the teacher's attention.
       | "There is no way you could possibly be right, this test was
       | reviewed first!"
       | 
       | Anyway, blame it on photocopy errors or whatever, but the answers
       | were wrong. Still mad about it.
       | 
       | I took another one ~2007 when I was looking to be a marketing
       | person for a construction equipment rental company. This one was
       | about 30 questions over 60 minutes. I got to question 26, which
       | was some extraordinarily complicated question about how many cuts
       | would it take to chop down a large board into the pieces you
       | needed. After I wasted several minutes methodically writing this
       | out, I realized the true test was realizing it was a time waster
       | question one should skip. 27-30 were far simpler and then the
       | buzzer ran out on me.
        
         | pedrosorio wrote:
         | > Still mad about it.
         | 
         | Why?
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | they told him it was an IQ test but it was actually a
           | psychological profile to diagnose his anger issues
        
           | mrfox321 wrote:
           | For the same reason why he brought up his iq tests in the
           | first place.
           | 
           | Because he self-identifies with some definition of iq.
        
             | pbj1968 wrote:
             | Not at all. The authority figure simply could not live in a
             | world where the question was wrong. A better response, in
             | his role as a school teacher, would have been to tackle the
             | question in depth as a class or otherwise show me how I was
             | mistaken. But given as I was immediately dismissed I'll
             | never know for sure.
        
         | az226 wrote:
         | Might not even have been a gotcha. They interlace draft
         | questions all the time. They don't count toward your score.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | I approach tests by going to the next question if the answer
         | isn't immediately solvable. Then, when reaching the end, I go
         | back and spend more time on the ones I hadn't solved. That
         | maximizes the score.
         | 
         | I apply that technique everywhere. For example, when working
         | the bug list, I'll solve the easy problems first, and the
         | toughest last. That also maximizes the score, as the bug
         | submitter's only care is if the bug is fixed, not how hard it
         | is to fix.
        
           | nick__m wrote:
           | Almost completely off topic but you are good example of
           | nominative determinism !
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | In the Air Force, my dad's assigned office mate was Major
             | Smart. A line of my ancestors were the Dumbles.
        
               | LanceH wrote:
               | While in the Marines, I knew of a Major Hazzard and a
               | Captain Justice. I really wanted to be there when they
               | first met.
        
           | remram wrote:
           | Given a fast enough supply, this means you never look at the
           | difficult bug reports at all.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | It also clears the mind if one clears out the easy ones
             | first. It's like when I feel like working on the car, the
             | first thing is clean the garage.
             | 
             | (If the reports come in faster than they can be fixed, of
             | course one can never catch up regardless of the algorithm.)
        
             | sverhagen wrote:
             | In (software) engineering you want to take on enough of the
             | hard stuff early on, to make sure you're not painting
             | yourself into a corner with naive solutions...
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | There is always the concern that one has made a
               | fundamental error. Can't worry about it too much, though,
               | or one will never get anywhere.
        
           | dsego wrote:
           | I applied this to school tests but not in my work, well
           | sometimes, if I'm procrastinating and need a few quick wins.
           | But for timed tests, it's essential to skip something you're
           | struggling with and get some points on the other questions.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | _the true test was realizing it was a time waster question one
         | should skip_
         | 
         | I remember something similar on the LSAT. Odious practice; if
         | you get a wicked problem in a professional context, you don't
         | have the option of just blowing it off. Of course, you could
         | say it's about learning to prioritize with limited resources,
         | but that's meta-gaming the applicants and selecting for corner-
         | cutters. There's a place for corner cutting; in emergency
         | situations it's sometimes the right thing to do. The problem is
         | that selecting for corner cutters also incentivizes exploiting
         | the system for less noble motives.
        
           | kleene_op wrote:
           | I don't see the problem with a corner cutter question located
           | around the end of a test.
           | 
           | It filters people into:
           | 
           | - those who don't manage time efficiently by investing too
           | much energy on a problem.
           | 
           | - those who did cut the corner and as a result got an edge
           | with a few more questions solved
           | 
           | - the genius ones, who solved everything, in whatever order
           | 
           | If the objective of a test is classifying candidates and time
           | management is one of the metric considered, then this kind of
           | testing pattern absolutely makes sense.
           | 
           | I was one of those who never cut corners and just focused on
           | the problem at hand until failure, and now that I am working
           | and need to get things done I wished my teachers trained me
           | that skill.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | Worst one I ever saw was a question to prove something that
           | was vacuously true if you got the preceding question correct.
           | 
           | People spent ages trying to find their mistake. I was one of
           | the first to finish because I quickly concluded I wasn't
           | going to find the mistake (after checking a mere 3 times).
        
       | chunsj wrote:
       | Why should we take the meaning of revolution in this problem not
       | as the contacting point to meet the circle again, but just as the
       | pointing the same direction? I think this is the source of
       | confusion here.
       | 
       | I'm not the native speaker of English and I might take the
       | meaning of "revolution" very absurdly here. Just curious and I
       | have to ask this. :-)
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | He mentions that the word revolution has specific meaning in
         | astronomy which doesn't make any sense in the context of this
         | problem.
        
       | vood wrote:
       | I'm surprised that only 3 people reported the error.
       | 
       | While problem is not trivial, my initial reaction was "it can't
       | be 3, it's too obvious". And it seems that a lot of people in the
       | comments here do get to the right answer on their own.
       | 
       | So, why not hundreds of reports?
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _my initial reaction was "it can't be 3, it's too obvious"._
         | 
         | The SAT has math questions ranging from easy to hard-ish.
         | Plenty of the questions have very obvious answers.
         | 
         | Unlike the AP Physics 2 exam, for example.
        
       | belltaco wrote:
       | I did a eyeball ball park estimate and figured the closest answer
       | was 9/2 and was right.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | Yes, it's pretty easy to just imagine the rotation and guess
         | it's somewhere around 4. The last part of the rotation is more
         | difficult to imagine.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Second part of the video is way more interesting, where he
       | discusses how this toy problem actually relates to how we define
       | what a year is depending on whether we look at the stars or at
       | what's on Earth.
        
       | less_less wrote:
       | One interesting thing that's not in the video: there is a real
       | application beyond the astronomy one, a scenario where you would
       | want to roll one object around another object, and care about how
       | many rotations it makes.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicyclic_gearing
       | 
       | These are used for car differentials, bicycle gear hubs, pencil
       | sharpeners, and many other applications.
        
       | stormdennis wrote:
       | I don't revolve once every 24 hrs, the earth does.
        
       | freediver wrote:
       | Explaination that works for me is that if you were rolling it
       | around a spot (zero diameter) you would need one full revolution.
        
       | tim333 wrote:
       | Tldr it was a four choice multi choice question but the all the
       | options were wrong because the people setting the test got it
       | wrong.
       | 
       | So I'm not sure everyone got it wrong, just that they weren't
       | confident enough in a rushed test to cross out A,B,C and D and
       | write in the correct answer!
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-27 23:02 UTC)