[HN Gopher] Japan to crack down on Apple and Google app store mo...
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       Japan to crack down on Apple and Google app store monopolies
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 371 points
       Date   : 2023-12-26 16:54 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (asia.nikkei.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (asia.nikkei.com)
        
       | thriftwy wrote:
       | All of the DIY monopoly stuff which tech giants has invented will
       | fall apart once one large country starts poking holes in it. It
       | doesn't even has to be US (variant: specific states).
       | 
       | From right to repair to app store monopolies, they have invested
       | in this walled garden, but they forgot to get permit to erect
       | those walls in the first place.
        
         | sylware wrote:
         | not to mention hardcore regulation on technical interop, with
         | actually simple and cheap to implement alternatives (reuse
         | what's there already), that stable in time.
         | 
         | For instance, most online services can be reasonably provided
         | to noscript/basic (x)html browsers.
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | Why can't they make carveouts on a country by country basis? So
         | they lose in the EU and Japan, but they could still maintain
         | their profits in the US.
         | 
         | Look at the world of pharmaceuticals. Drugs are way more
         | expensive in the US than most other countries. Big pharma
         | companies make nearly all of their profits in the US.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | > Why can't they make carveouts on a country by country
           | basis? So they lose in the EU and Japan, but they could still
           | maintain their profits in the US.
           | 
           | I wouldn't be surprised if they do so just to spite.
        
           | anonyme-honteux wrote:
           | That would still matter quite a lot. Imagine a world where
           | every country on earth would pay drugs as much as the US
           | does.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I think people are generally more wary of importing drugs
           | than electronics, and it is really easy to import bits from
           | other countries.
           | 
           | Tech companies can definitely put up lots of hurdles here and
           | might even manage to defeat their customers. But at least
           | there will be some possibility to work around it...
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | I'm not sure how you could work around it. If you wanted
             | to, say, import an iPhone from Europe then Apple could gate
             | access to the App Store based on your IMSI. Then you'd need
             | a European SIM with your imported phone, so you'd be
             | roaming all the time. And presumably Apple could detect
             | that you're roaming and just redirect you to the US store
             | anyway, disabling any 3rd party app stores anyway.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > Drugs are way more expensive in the US than most other
           | countries. Big pharma companies make nearly all of their
           | profits in the US.
           | 
           | I wonder how sustainable this is. If the US imposed the same
           | regulations on drug makers that the EU does, would there be a
           | material effect on quantity or quality of drugs available
           | across the entire globe? To what extent is the US subsidizing
           | the low cost other countries like to brag about?
        
             | beebeepka wrote:
             | > To what extent is the US subsidizing the low cost other
             | countries like to brag about?
             | 
             | None whatsoever. It's preposterous to even consider it in a
             | serious manner.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | Most of the work of drug discovery is not done by the
             | pharma companies, it's done by publicly-funded research
             | labs. What big pharma pays for is the elaborate (and very
             | large) clinical trials which are required by the FDA before
             | a drug can be sold.
             | 
             | One simple change the US could make is to direct the FDA to
             | fast-track approval for drugs that have been approved in
             | other countries the US considers to have high enough
             | standards of rigour, such as the EU or Canada.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | So you run a Japanese VPN, install all the apps you want from
           | App Store alternative, and turn off the VPN.
        
       | ForkMeOnTinder wrote:
       | > And although Google permits third-party app distribution
       | platforms, it still requires apps to use its billing system.
       | 
       | Can someone explain this line? If you publish an app on an
       | alternative app store and someone downloads it on their de-
       | googled phone, how in the world would Google prevent it from
       | making a few API calls to Paypal?
        
         | strombofulous wrote:
         | This is incorrect, if you distribute an app outside the play
         | store you do not need to use their payment system, even by the
         | letter of the law. The rule specifically applies to play store
         | apps. It's common for developers of more technical apps (like
         | VPN apps) to publish two nearly identical versions - one to the
         | play store that doesn't support iap and one to f-droid/their
         | website that takes payment via credit card.
         | 
         | It's possible the people writing this complaint may be
         | referring to the fact that you can't link to or reference those
         | options from the play store edition of the app, but I think
         | they might just be misinformed.
        
           | jdiff wrote:
           | There is a compounding effect of this though, the fact that
           | the Play Store doesn't allow this greatly dampens development
           | of libraries that would make it much easier for developers to
           | add this functionality to their apps, making people more
           | likely to rely on the Google's payments and just dealing with
           | its cut.
        
             | Dalewyn wrote:
             | I believe it's fair:
             | 
             | * Unlike Apple App Store on iOS, you are under no
             | obligation to sell on Google Play Store on Android.
             | 
             | * If you choose to sell on Google Play Store, it's
             | reasonable to "pay rent" so to speak.
             | 
             | If you don't want to accept payments through Google Play
             | Store, you simply don't sell through Google Play Store.
        
               | jdiff wrote:
               | You can believe it's fair, what you can't do is claim
               | they support aftermarket app stores while they also take
               | actions to stamp them out. You have to acknowledge that
               | the situation Google has created conveniently and heavily
               | discourages aftermarket app stores on multiple levels.
               | You _are_ effectively obligated to publish on the Play
               | Store, and in doing so you face increased maintenance
               | burden for creating non-Play versions.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | Google doesn't "stamp out" side-loading. They don't make
               | it immediately obvious (and they don't have to), a user
               | so concerned needs to dive a little into the operating
               | system and permit them, but the option is there for
               | anyone interested.
               | 
               | This is in stark contrast to Apple where you may not do
               | anything outside of the One Apple Way(tm), which in this
               | case means you will go through the Apple App Store or
               | pound sand.
        
               | spiderice wrote:
               | Google knows that they just have to make it inconvenient
               | enough that 99% of people won't do it (or really even
               | know it's an option). So yes, if you squint really hard
               | you can kind of make it look like Google is a good guy
               | here. But if we're talking about how it actually pans out
               | in reality, Google is no better than Apple.
        
               | mil22 wrote:
               | They have deliberately and knowingly made it difficult by
               | showing warnings and making users jump through hoops. I
               | think evidence that it was deliberate and intentional was
               | revealed in one of the many lawsuits in the form of
               | meeting notes and reported speech, if I remember right.
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/6/23948990/and-were-on-
               | to-s...
        
               | jdiff wrote:
               | Not stamping out side-loading, although that is heavily
               | impacted by many of the same issues, but stamping out
               | aftermarket software stores.
               | 
               | Apps installed from aftermarket stores:
               | 
               | - Cannot auto-update themselves, it requires user
               | intervention for every individual app for every
               | individual update.
               | 
               | - Cannot update at all if they were initially installed
               | from the Play Store without uninstalling and losing all
               | data in the process.
               | 
               | - Require multiple hoops and scary messages for the
               | average user.
               | 
               | - Require extra maintenance burdens for the developer who
               | essentially has to maintain two forks of the same
               | application, further complicated by point 2.
               | 
               | - The payment issues mentioned upthread.
               | 
               | All of this makes aftermarket stores second-class
               | citizens, all the while Google claims it welcomes them
               | with open arms. Aftermarket stores aren't the only area
               | where Google does this, either. Plenty of Android-of-
               | yesteryear's customizability and openness has atrophied
               | heavily while Google continues to profit off the
               | bitrotting scraps that are left.
        
         | johnnyanmac wrote:
         | I took it to be a subtle (but important) grammatical error. I
         | figure it meant "although you CAN use another store on Google,
         | if you use Google play you need to use it's billing system".
         | 
         | But maybe Google has something much more insidious than I
         | expected
        
           | internetter wrote:
           | No, you are correct
        
         | mmahemoff wrote:
         | It's a commercial/legal requirement imposed on developers, not
         | directly enforced through the technology. It comes down to the
         | review process in practice. At some point a human reviewer will
         | need to detect the app is allowing the user to pay with PayPal
         | and therefore block it from distribution.
         | 
         | They'll probably have some technology to help prioritise apps
         | for review if they're likely to be violating (by scanning the
         | APK statically for PayPal SDKs or running robot scripts to see
         | if they can be presented with a PayPal form).
        
           | spogbiper wrote:
           | > At some point a human reviewer will need to detect the app
           | is allowing the user to pay with PayPal and therefore block
           | it from distribution.
           | 
           | But on Android I can just release the .apk or publish to
           | Fdroid app store, etc. I don't think Google would be
           | reviewing the app at all.
        
             | mmahemoff wrote:
             | You can and correct Google won't review it - that's why
             | Android shows a warning when you enable sideloading about
             | only using APKs from trusted sources (to my recollection).
             | 
             | Those alternative channels typically provide a tiny
             | percentage of active installs compared to Google Play
             | installs, however.
        
         | admp wrote:
         | This appears to be factually incorrect both for apps installed
         | from third-party app stores and from Google Play itself.
         | 
         | See "Alternative billing systems for users" on
         | https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/11174377?hl=en-...
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | I would assume that it means that if you're publishing an app
         | on _both_ the Play Store and alternative stores, and your
         | alternative-store versions of the app offer alternative payment
         | methods, then Google will shut down Play Store distribution of
         | your app as punishment for that.
         | 
         | Apple (briefly) tried to do something like this previously,
         | where they tried to force apps that offered no free-to-paid
         | conversion through the mobile app, only through the web, to pay
         | the "Apple tax" _on the subscriptions made through the web_ ,
         | because they were for a _backing service_ that had value for
         | customers almost exclusively due to its use through the mobile
         | app. Nobody was willing to put up with this, though, and they
         | quickly walked it back.
        
       | AC_8675309 wrote:
       | Great, but don't forget to open up the Nintendo eShop and the
       | PlayStation store as well.
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | There is an order of magnitude difference in number of devices
         | there, smaller brands that ship an order of magnitude less
         | devices isn't a target for legislative action. Legislation
         | might cover them but there is no reason to target them
         | specifically since they are too small to matter.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | Why would that make any difference, unless we want the
           | government to punish success? And if ~140 million Switch
           | consoles sold doesn't constitute "success", where is that
           | line?
        
             | infotainment wrote:
             | In order to get to a monopoly position, quite a bit of
             | success is generally required. Given that, anti-monopoly
             | laws are by their very nature, punishing "success".
             | 
             | That kind of "success" for an individual company doesn't
             | necessarily lead to the best outcomes for the customer.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | This category of law is broadly referred to as
               | competition law, because that's what it's concerned with.
               | 
               | If you had five "competitors" but they all conspire to
               | divide up the market between them so they don't have to
               | compete with each other, this is problematic in the same
               | way as a monopoly. But that's exactly what the game
               | consoles do. Alice has a PlayStation, Bob has an Xbox,
               | Carol has a Switch. If you want to sell your game to
               | Alice, Bob and Carol you can't just strike an agreement
               | with one of the console makers because that only allows
               | you to reach a third of the market. You can't play Sony
               | and Microsoft against each other to get the lowest fees
               | because you need both of them rather than being able to
               | choose the one offering the best deal.
               | 
               | The best argument for why game consoles aren't like
               | phones is that a non-trivial number of people have
               | multiple game consoles, whereas hardly anyone carries two
               | phones in their pocket. But even then, there are a large
               | number of people who only have one console -- large
               | enough that game developers still can't ignore them --
               | and few people who have all of them.
               | 
               | Likewise, there are companies other than console makers
               | who might like to make a game store, or make one that
               | services all types of devices. Those companies are locked
               | out of the market, even though their presence would be
               | likely to drive down margins.
               | 
               | So competition law should be concerned with this, because
               | it's limiting competition.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > there are a large number of people who only have one
               | console
               | 
               | Iphone or Android, yeah. Basically nobody only have a
               | Playstation or a Nintendo.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | There are definitely people who only have one console.
               | Consoles cost money. Some people aren't rich.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Phones are game consoles, people who only have one game
               | console today have a phone.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Phones are power-constrained devices with small screens.
               | Consoles consume >100 watts under load with
               | correspondingly higher performance and are connected to
               | televisions. These are not the same market. They don't
               | play the same games.
               | 
               | Arguably gaming PCs (i.e. fast PCs with a suitable GPU)
               | are in the same market, but this hasn't really added a
               | competitor because Xbox and gaming PCs are both
               | Microsoft, and most people don't have gaming PCs either.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > Consoles consume >100 watts under load with
               | correspondingly higher performance and are connected to
               | televisions
               | 
               | Not handheld consoles. And you can connect phones to
               | large screens if you want.
               | 
               | > They don't play the same games.
               | 
               | Genshin impact and fortninte? They could play the same
               | kind of games, they have weaker hardware so graphics wont
               | be there true but they are still devices people play all
               | kinds of games on.
               | 
               | > These are not the same market
               | 
               | Why not? Wasn't the original argument that these things
               | are the same and therefore should be regulated the same?
               | How do you differentiate "gaming console" from other
               | computers?
               | 
               | People will only buy gaming consoles as long as they are
               | better for gaming than phones are, since people already
               | have smartphones. That means that game consoles always
               | face heavy competition from phones and need to stay ahead
               | of them to sell anything at all.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Not handheld consoles.
               | 
               | Which is why handheld consoles are not in the same market
               | either.
               | 
               | > And you can connect phones to large screens if you
               | want.
               | 
               | Neither the user interface nor the input method is
               | designed for this.
               | 
               | > Genshin impact and fortninte? They could play the same
               | kind of games, they have weaker hardware so graphics wont
               | be there true but they are still devices people play all
               | kinds of games on.
               | 
               | There are kinds of games you can't play on a phone.
               | Phones aren't part of the market for those kinds of
               | games, and you can't get out of that by finding some
               | different games that can run on a phone.
               | 
               | > Wasn't the original argument that these things are the
               | same and therefore should be regulated the same? How do
               | you differentiate "gaming console" from other computers?
               | 
               | They should be regulated the same because it's the same
               | anti-competitive business practice -- tying app
               | distribution to the platform and preventing third party
               | competitors.
               | 
               | Far from contradicting the claim, being separate markets
               | is the entire problem -- instead of having a common
               | market for console games or apps in general where anyone
               | can be a distributor for any platform, each platform is
               | segmented into a separate market with only a single
               | distributor.
               | 
               | What makes things be in the same market is the ability to
               | substitute them for one another. If you need a wrench and
               | they're sold at both Amazon and Walmart, you can
               | substitute one store for the other. But if you need a
               | wrench for your Xbox and only Amazon has wrenches that
               | work on an Xbox whereas Walmart only has wrenches that
               | work on PlayStations, you can't get what you need from
               | Walmart anymore so Walmart is out of the market.
               | 
               | > People will only buy gaming consoles as long as they
               | are better for gaming than phones are, since people
               | already have smartphones. That means that game consoles
               | always face heavy competition from phones and need to
               | stay ahead of them to sell anything at all.
               | 
               | But it's trivial for them to do this because they have
               | different design constraints. A phone runs on battery and
               | has to fit in your pocket, so it can't use or dissipate
               | >100 watts and it's easy to make a console that can which
               | is significantly faster. Then all of the games requiring
               | that level of performance are exclusive to the devices
               | with that level of power consumption.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | > There are kinds of games you can't play on a phone
               | 
               | Actually, I'm curious; what are those games?
               | 
               | I guess "GTA 5" is an acceptable answer. But if you're
               | satisfied with 2fps, even that _should_ run through
               | Rosetta /Box86 and GPT/Proton. Both modern Android and
               | modern iOS devices should have the API coverage to enable
               | DirectX12 via-translation, even if their hardware isn't
               | particularly amicable to it.
               | 
               | You can play Resident Evil 4 natively on an iPhone. You
               | can play Half Life and Fallout: New Vegas locally on
               | Android. It's not really a contradiction of your claim,
               | but I don't think _anything_ really stops iPhones and
               | Android phones from providing PC or console-quality game
               | APIs anymore.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > But if you're satisfied with 2fps
               | 
               | This is not "runs" in a practical sense. It has to be a
               | reasonable substitute for the console.
               | 
               | Here's the money question: If you're the developer of
               | this game, can you reasonably stop selling it for
               | consoles and paying the vig to the console makers by
               | telling people to play it on their phone instead?
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | You're making stuff up. I only have one console because
               | the majority of games outside of Nintendo first party
               | games do not interest me. My cousin has one console
               | because his parents told him he could only get one. My
               | friend only has a PS5 because he does most of his gaming
               | on the computer and wanted a similar experience when he
               | feels like sitting on his couch. My coworker only owns a
               | switch because she grew up wanting to play Mario and
               | Zelda and her parents refused to let her ever get any
               | video or PC games.
               | 
               | Not every single person who plays video games is so
               | hardcore about it that they must own the entire
               | generation of consoles.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | You and your friends don't have smartphones? If you don't
               | consider consoles a different kind of device then you
               | shouldn't say you have just one if you have a smartphone
               | as well.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | We want governments to prevent dominant players from
             | cornering the market. Android has billions of active
             | devices, the Switch is a tiny system in comparison so it
             | isn't a dominant player.
             | 
             | Or are you trying to say that consoles are a separate
             | category of devices and shouldn't be compared to number of
             | phones? Then why are you even arguing here, they are
             | separate! So either these consoles are too tiny to be
             | dominant players and therefore doesn't need to be regulated
             | like dominant players, or they are a separate category and
             | shouldn't be regulated with the same laws as phones.
        
               | CharlesW wrote:
               | > _Android has billions of active devices, the Switch is
               | a tiny system in comparison so it isn 't a dominant
               | player._
               | 
               | But it is in console gaming. Even if you include Xbox and
               | PS5, the Switch's market share of consoles is far higher
               | than Apple's of smartphones. And of course, Switch
               | absolutely dominates if we're specifically talking about
               | the handheld game console market.
               | 
               | So what I'm asking is: How is Apple a monopoly in a
               | market where they don't dominate and there's lots of
               | choice, while Nintendo is not in a market where there are
               | 3 vendors that matter, and they completely dominate the
               | handheld segment?
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | How do you define "console gaming" that doesn't include
               | smart phones? That was the whole point of this sub
               | thread, arguing that consoles are just another general
               | computing device.
               | 
               | If you say they are different in a significant way then
               | why would they have the same regulations?
        
             | notnullorvoid wrote:
             | It's not a punishment of "success", it's a restriction on
             | monopolistic control of everyday devices which at this
             | point are a basic utility.
             | 
             | Game consoles are not ubiquitous devices, and certainly
             | aren't a basic utility of modern day living.
        
               | CharlesW wrote:
               | If you had to classify the iPhone as either a console or
               | a general-purpose computer, I think the answer is
               | obvious. (For good reason: A relatively safe app store is
               | a feature, not a bug, for average users.)
               | 
               | Apple doesn't have monopolistic control over anything.
               | The smartphone marketplace is full of competition, so
               | consumers have lots of choices in every segment.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > If you had to classify the iPhone as either a console
               | or a general-purpose computer, I think the answer is
               | obvious.
               | 
               | Sure, it's obviously a computer.
               | 
               | > Apple doesn't have monopolistic control over anything.
               | The smartphone marketplace is full of competition, so
               | consumers have lots of choices in every segment.
               | 
               | How do you figure? If you want a phone, you're getting
               | Android or iOS. In practice it is at best a duopoly.
        
             | Rapzid wrote:
             | It's punishing success like cutting the grass or trimming
             | the bushes is punishing success.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Never going to happen. Nobody has any interest in going after
         | the gaming market (1), and the EU DMA was carefully written to
         | not affect game console stores (2).
         | 
         | (1) If "phones" are a category in most people's minds, it's a
         | two horse race. Most people, however, think of "gaming devices"
         | as the category, not "game consoles" like techies do - in which
         | case, it's like an eight horse race between PC, PlayStation,
         | Xbox, Nintendo, Steam Deck, smartphones themselves, GeForce
         | Now, etc.
         | 
         | Unlike smartphones, where if 2 companies decide to not service
         | you, you're screwed; you've got tons of alternative ways to
         | play, even within most households. Much harder to show
         | anticompetitive interests.
         | 
         | (2) One of the provisions of the DMA is that there must be over
         | 10,000 titles for sale. Needless to say, even the prolific
         | Nintendo Switch is under 5,000.
         | 
         | Edit: And before anyone objects to me considering PC and game
         | consoles in the same market; think like a lawyer. The very fact
         | that people ask daily, "console or PC?" shows they are in the
         | same market.
        
         | johnnyanmac wrote:
         | I think they aren't targets due to
         | 
         | 1) not being a general purpose OS. Sony actually took at away
         | that ability in the PS3 so they aren't trying to pretend they
         | do more than play media
         | 
         | 2) the hardware and software is ephemeral. In 10 years IOS and
         | Android will exist. We will likely be on the PS6 and 2 more
         | generations of Nintendo in that time. There's less incentive to
         | bother opening up an OS that is abandoned every generation.
         | 
         | 3) due to the model of consoles, most of them lose money on
         | sales so they can invoke more software sales. And on top of
         | that, larger studios get direct support from Nintendo/Sony.
         | There is negative incentive for a studio to ruin this
         | relationship unless more companies start making consoles
         | themselves.
        
           | lambda_lord wrote:
           | Your second point is why the stores need to be opened up.
           | 
           | Nintendo breaks compatibility almost every generation, so if
           | you want to replay old games you already purchased on a
           | previous console, you have to repurchase the ported versions
           | or buy Nintendo's subscription service. I've dropped hundreds
           | in the eShop but worry I'll lose access one day, when the
           | Switch is EOL.
           | 
           | In comparison, I've been able to run my Steam games on
           | multiple devices through the years because PC is a much more
           | open platform. There are multiple shops, so Steam has
           | incentive to keep games forward compatible.
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | That seems like a very uniquely Nintendo problem rather
             | than a modern console problem.
             | 
             | Yeah, PS3 was from the era of consoles where backwards
             | compatibility wasn't as heavily demanded (given that Steam
             | was in its infancy too), so they went with a notoriously
             | and uniquely overcomplicated making games for it (and, by
             | extension, compatibility). But PS4 era and onwards, any
             | digital purchase you made back then for PS4 is accessible
             | on PS5 as well.
             | 
             | And hell, even for PS3 digital purchases it is still kind
             | of true. Unfortunately, PS4/5 cannot play PS3 games
             | natively, but if you purchased a digital PS3 game back
             | then, you are able to stream it using PS Remote Play on
             | your PS4/5.
             | 
             | As far as I am aware, a similar thing happened in the Xbox
             | space as well. Xbox One generation and onwards, any digital
             | purchases you made back then are available on the most
             | recent Xbox consoles. And for older games that aren't
             | natively compatible (and even a bunch of those that are
             | compatible), they provide streaming too (through xCloud).
             | Though don't quote me on the exact details about how it
             | works for Xbox consoles, as I haven't used one since the
             | Xbox360 days.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, Nintendo resells SNES era games in their
             | "virtual console" section of Switch eShop at a pretty
             | significant premium.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | Past the edit cutoff, so here is an important edit.
               | 
               | In the 2nd paragraph, i missed a word and meant to say
               | "[...] they went with a Cell chip, making gamedev
               | experience for it notoriously and uniquely
               | overcomplicated."
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >so if you want to replay old games you already purchased
             | on a previous console,
             | 
             | I assume you can turn on your old console and replay those
             | games right?
             | 
             | Why does the next generation console has to guarantee to
             | work with older games?
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > not being a general purpose OS. Sony actually took at away
           | that ability in the PS3 so they aren't trying to pretend they
           | do more than play media
           | 
           | This is just assuming the conclusion. They're general purpose
           | computers that could run arbitrary custom code if their
           | owners weren't locked out of them.
           | 
           | And so are appliances and HVAC systems and so on, which is
           | exactly why the owners _shouldn 't_ be locked out of them --
           | this has significant implications for the entire concept of
           | ownership, right to repair and environmentalism etc. They're
           | _all_ general purpose computers, and they should be.
           | 
           | > the hardware and software is ephemeral. In 10 years IOS and
           | Android will exist. We will likely be on the PS6 and 2 more
           | generations of Nintendo in that time. There's less incentive
           | to bother opening up an OS that is abandoned every
           | generation.
           | 
           | But this is making exactly the opposite argument -- it should
           | be opened up because otherwise it will be abandoned and no
           | one else can support it. Likewise, the newer system should be
           | opened up so people can make it run the older games, or the
           | games from other systems from other vendors, whenever
           | possible.
           | 
           | > due to the model of consoles, most of them lose money on
           | sales so they can invoke more software sales. And on top of
           | that, larger studios get direct support from Nintendo/Sony.
           | There is negative incentive for a studio to ruin this
           | relationship unless more companies start making consoles
           | themselves.
           | 
           | This is called a predatory business model, the equivalent of
           | printer makers selling the printer below cost so they can
           | stick you for the ink. There is a serious argument for
           | banning it outright; it's certainly nothing we need to worry
           | about protecting.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | By that definition every single model that includes
             | software will need to be opened up.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > By that definition every single model that includes
               | software will need to be opened up.
               | 
               | Sounds good.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | I agree, good luck convincing the FCC.
        
           | blueboo wrote:
           | Agreed, mostly, as Id like to point out that the iOS software
           | is abandoned/shut down at approximately the same cadence as
           | new consoles are launched. Rare's the still-available app
           | that was last updated pre-iOS 10...let alone iOS 5 or pre-
           | retina iOS.
        
           | asylteltine wrote:
           | This switch is only useful when it can be hacked. It's SO
           | much better when you can run whatever you want to run like
           | emulators and other tooling. Or even crazy things, like
           | backing up your saves!
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | I'd posit that modern consoles are MORE general computing
           | devices than mobile phones.
           | 
           | For example the Apple M-series SOC only exists in Apple
           | phones and tablets.
           | 
           | Meanwhile the PS5, Xbox Series S/X, Steam Deck all use the
           | AMD Zen 2 series CPUs. It's basically off-the shelf hardware
           | with generic well-documented interfaces.
           | 
           | The only reason we're not using the Xbox as a cheap Linux
           | gaming machine is because it's absolutely closed up for all
           | hacking.
        
           | type0 wrote:
           | > 1) not being a general purpose OS.
           | 
           | I don't think iOS and Android are general purpose either.
           | Phones and tablets are used for games as much as the consoles
           | if not more in certain demographic
        
         | pnw wrote:
         | All of the recent legislation on this topic, including the EU
         | Digital Markets Act, has a numerical unit cutoff which
         | basically exempts all video game consoles.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Absolutely unfair.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | They should. But, more people have phones than consoles. It is
         | not even that shocking for a phone to be somebody's only
         | computing device. It is more important, and governments need to
         | prioritize.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | It isn't compelling to say that all these competing app stores
         | form a monopoly. You have single someone out or the argument
         | becomes weak.
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | Those are not big enough to bother about and the power dynamic
         | between the platform and its publishers is more even than those
         | App Store/Play Store. Remember, regulation takes lots of
         | resources.
        
           | Razengan wrote:
           | Wow that's a heck of a flimsy excuse, whenever this topic
           | comes up
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Yup, this is what bothers me the most. Either there's a
         | principle here behind opening app stores or there isn't.
         | 
         | If we're opening them up, then let's open them all up.
         | 
         | The idea that video games or stores below a certain mega size
         | should be exempt is absurd.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | Consoles ship at a hardware loss, iPhones don't. The business
           | comparison has always been a tough stretch, and the
           | functional comparison of an iPhone to an
           | Xbox/Keurig/dishwasher has always been absurd. Apple's
           | service revenue channel is unprecedented, and so far
           | unchallenged. In cases like Apple Music and the App Store, it
           | is unquestionably at-odds with fair competition. Now,
           | countries like Europe and Japan are using their markets as
           | collateral at the negotiation table. Seems fair to me, given
           | that Apple and Google are comfortable treating _their_
           | userbases the same way.
        
             | codedokode wrote:
             | > Consoles ship at a hardware loss
             | 
             | First, it might not be true (because all console contains
             | is a PCB and several chips). Second, if you sell something
             | cheaper than you could it doesn't mean you get some kind of
             | privilege and exception from the law.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | >If we're opening them up, then let's open them all up.
           | 
           | What will happen to Apple Retail, 7-11, Costco and Walmart?
        
           | Exoristos wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure the principle is favoring Japanese
           | businesses.
        
         | gyomu wrote:
         | Sony and Nintendo are Japanese companies. From the article:
         | 
         |  _> Japanese companies would be able to run dedicated game
         | stores on iOS devices, as well as use payment systems with
         | lower fees from Japanese fintech companies._
         | 
         | It's not hard to read between the lines. This is all about
         | letting domestic gaming companies like Nintendo and Sony make
         | more money from those mobile platforms.
         | 
         | The techie demographic likes to get lost into arguments about
         | the technology and philosophy of computing platforms, but as
         | far as the EU and Japan are concerned it's just realpolitik to
         | give their domestic companies a leg up.
        
       | TekMol wrote:
       | I have a web application with a lot of users. My users are happy
       | to use the web. But because of better monetization options, I
       | sometimes dabble with the idea to build a native mobile app.
       | 
       | Some years ago, I tried to build an Android app. It required an
       | insane amount of tooling. Hundreds and hundreds of megabytes of
       | stuff. GUI applications you have to use etc. I didn't even try to
       | build an iOS app because that probably means you have to own a
       | mac.
       | 
       | Is this still the same?
       | 
       | Or are there some linux command line tools these days I can use
       | to convert a web app into an app that I can put on the
       | Android/iOS app stores?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It's still the same. You can rent a Mac in the cloud for iOS
         | development though.
        
         | mksybr wrote:
         | You can build on the command line with gradle.
         | 
         | I did end up installing Android Studio for the sdk and virtual
         | machine installation, but I'd assume it could be done on the
         | command line as well.
        
           | jjnoakes wrote:
           | I've downloaded just the command-line tools before and used
           | 'sdkmanager' to list and download sdk versions and virtual
           | machines, so it is definitely doable without Android Studio,
           | although it isn't obvious (or at least it wasn't to me).
        
           | elric wrote:
           | I don't understand why this was getting downvoted? The parent
           | commenter is right. You can build on the command line with
           | gradle. It will still download hundreds of megabytes worth of
           | dependencies (the Android SDK etc). But at least you don't
           | need any GUI tools.
        
           | mathiasgredal wrote:
           | I have done this, but for some reason Android SDK has to be
           | weird, so you have to download the SDK seperately and then
           | create a properties file in to root of the project with the
           | path to the Android SDK. Everyone then also has to have their
           | own version of this file, since the path is likely different.
           | You also have to make sure that everyone downloads the same
           | version of the SDK. (also the path to the SDK cannot have any
           | spaces)
           | 
           | Why can it not be like other Gradle dependencies, where
           | Gradle will just download the files automatically?
        
         | whstl wrote:
         | There are things like Cordova that make it a bit easier, but
         | yes you need hundreds of MBs of stuff to compile and test.
         | Debugging was a bit of a nightmare, though.
         | 
         | It is also possible to deploy to Apple with things like Github
         | Actions without personally owning a Mac (and it can publish to
         | Google too, naturally), but then testing is not trivial.
         | 
         | I know 90% of HN will disagree but there is a market
         | opportunity here to make this better.
        
           | stouset wrote:
           | I'll be honest, if you don't own or regularly use a Mac or an
           | iPhone, the odds that you are going to make compelling
           | software for either of those platforms is effectively zero.
           | 
           | The web and app stores are littered with the corpses of
           | failed, poorly-ported iOS and macOS utilities written by
           | developers who didn't fully understand that those systems
           | have their own design language, cultural norms, and feature
           | sets. They chew through battery, perform poorly, confuse
           | users, look like shit, and feel completely alien.
           | 
           | Should that totally stop you from porting some useful tool?
           | Maybe not. But the chance that it will see any sort of use
           | outside of an extremely niche set of users is slim and it's
           | worth accepting that upfront if you're going to spend your
           | time and effort on it.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | Games are the main appstore revenue driver, and I don't
             | think that game ports have much to do with iOs standards.
             | It isn't like Fortnite or Genshin Impact on iPhone is
             | significantly different than on Android.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | No, but it doesn't sound like GP was talking about games.
               | Yes, games are a completely different animal.
        
               | whstl wrote:
               | True, but there is also a business opportunity for
               | dramatically simplifying game deployment, not only web
               | apps.
               | 
               | Unity has tools that can partially help with that but
               | their execution also sucks. You still need some half-
               | working script downloaded from Github or some random site
               | to deploy to Apple/Google if you don't want the hassle of
               | using the default tools.
               | 
               | It's the same for consoles. It's an ungodly pain in the
               | ass even with Unity. Godot makes some of its money by
               | porting to consoles, for example. But I don't know if
               | there's any money there for a scalable solution.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I assume "games" here means gambling? Or something that
               | is not legally gambling, but effectively is.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | It means video games. And even amongst the most predatory
               | mobile games, not all of them use gambling-adjacent
               | "gacha" mechanics, plenty just have mountains of
               | microtransactions.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Apple cracked down on traditional gaming on iOS, and as
               | an unforseen side effect, yes, "mobile gaming" means
               | suggestive gambling apps that are eating the world.
        
               | mmebane wrote:
               | Genshin Impact is (potentially) an interesting case - the
               | iOS version has supported game controllers for almost 3
               | years now, but there's been no hint of support coming for
               | Android. There's definitely some suspicion in the Genshin
               | community that Apple has an understanding or agreement
               | with Hoyoverse to keep iOS the premier mobile platform.
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | While I agree that the app will likely feel off, that
             | doesn't mean it won't work, depending on what it does.
             | 
             | I have an iPhone, and even though the number of non-default
             | apps I use is quite small, I get the feeling that every
             | other app is just a web view wrapper or whatever that just
             | doesn't care about iOS standards. The examples that come to
             | mind are: Uber, Teams and Philips Hue. The latter is a
             | laggy mess for some reason, that behaves the same on an
             | iphone 14 pro as on a 7. Teams also is a shitshow, but who
             | does that actually surprise?
        
               | austinprete wrote:
               | Huh, surprised by this because the Hue app runs great for
               | me, don't think I've ever seen it lag as a daily user for
               | a couple years. Honestly kind of blown away but how well
               | it (and the Hue platform as a whole) works coming from a
               | company that I don't usually associate with tech.
               | 
               | Goes to show that experience doesn't always generalize,
               | and I'm curious what's different in our cases to cause
               | that (since I'm also using on a iPhone 14 Pro).
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | I'm generally very happy with how my Hue setup works, but
               | for some reason the Hue app sometimes lags on the simpler
               | screens, like the settings tab and configuring the
               | remotes' buttons. The Home tab where you set the scenes /
               | brightness and such usually works fine.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | > sometimes lags on the simpler screens, like the
               | settings tab and configuring the remotes' buttons
               | 
               | That's because there is no cloud storage or place to
               | store those settings other than the devices (or the
               | bridge) themselves.
               | 
               | You are not waiting on the app. You are waiting on a
               | request and response to the device over Zigbee to save
               | the settings, which is not an instant action.
               | 
               | Maybe they could just close the screen and finish the
               | work in the background, but I like knowing it completed
               | successfully.
        
               | bitzun wrote:
               | I hear this refrain a lot, but the reasons I've gotten
               | for native apps vs webapps were not very compelling to
               | me. I'd be interested in a detailed comparison of some
               | real examples of native and web (or react native-like or
               | webview wrapper) apps and the practical differences
               | (excluding obvious ones like hardware access.)
        
               | type0 wrote:
               | > Teams also is a shitshow
               | 
               | I heard it works wonderful if you use Microsoft Surface
               | Duo devices
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | What is "compelling software"?
             | 
             | Say there exists a single-page, single-view form-based web
             | utility (e.g. a tax calculator for some niche.) Does the
             | job. Efficient UX. Solves a need rather than a want, so it
             | doesn't need to be pretty.
             | 
             | Only problem is that it's hosted on some old website,
             | meaning:
             | 
             | 1. you have to bookmark it (and the bookmark probably
             | doesn't come with a nice icon, and you could lose track of
             | it in the future because it's not part of some "store
             | download history" list);
             | 
             | 2. you can't access the calculator when offline;
             | 
             | 3. the site's server could go down tomorrow, and then
             | "your" calculator wouldn't be there any more.
             | 
             | AFAICT, from the perspective of a mobile user, the only
             | thing that could possibly be _improved_ about this
             | experience, would be the very fact of it being hosted on
             | the web. As long as it 's made into a client-local
             | installable package, registered in an app store with a name
             | and icon, all the above problems are solved. And you get
             | those key advantages, just by saving the webpage .html to a
             | file, wrapping it in Cordova or whatever, and submitting
             | that as your app.
             | 
             | (You _also_ get _almost_ these advantages using Progressive
             | Web Apps that use offline capabilities -- all _except for_
             | discoverability and esp. _re_ -discoverability through a
             | unified app-store UX. If the app stores allowed the
             | submission of PWAs, such that they appeared in the store
             | listings and download history right alongside native apps,
             | I think a lot of use-cases for Cordova et al would be
             | moot.)
        
               | newaccount74 wrote:
               | In theory I agree with you.
               | 
               | In practice, poorly ported web apps often fail in various
               | ways. Things like content covered by the keyboard, or the
               | layout breaking when you rotate the device, or random
               | other stuff that results from a lack of testing. It's
               | what happens when developers don't use the device they're
               | targeting.
        
               | type0 wrote:
               | > What is "compelling software"?
               | 
               | "Compelling" software in the one you are compelled to
               | use, for example you go to a techy-utopia-restaurant and
               | want to order order your food, but then are compelled to
               | install their app because their system is automated /s
        
             | staplers wrote:
             | confuse users, look like shit, and feel completely alien.
             | 
             | Developers eyes glaze over when you start talking about
             | users.
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | I agree in principle, however IMO there is room for much
             | simpler apps that don't necessarily follow the UI
             | conventions of the platform and still provide a magical
             | experience. The keyword here being "simple".
             | 
             | The app of my Bank (Commerzbank) looks the same in both
             | platforms (despite being native, last time I asked), and
             | IMO provides a much better experience than lots of native
             | Apple or Google tools. And IMO a better UI/UX too. Same
             | with Monobank from Ukraine, astonishing app that doesn't
             | really care about the platform and gets things done in IMO
             | a better way than native-inspired apps.
             | 
             | I would prefer for most apps to move into the Commerzbank
             | direction than in the... I don't know, Pixelmator? Which is
             | 100% native but still feels very unintuitive sometimes
             | ("Save as" for example) despite being my daily pic editor
             | for 15 years...
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | Isnt this what style guides and, like, profiling are for?
             | Which we should be using anyway right?
             | 
             | I don't understand this fundamentally epistemological
             | point. I thought in some part my skill as a programmer is
             | being able make things _not_ necessarily for me. Or at
             | least, as a (maybe kind of niche) frontend dev, I don 't
             | think I would have ever gotten a job without some semblance
             | of that skill.
             | 
             | I feel like if I relied on my own experience instead of
             | agreed upon standards I would be much more a designer who
             | makes bad code than a coder who maybe just needs a little
             | design/ux direction.
             | 
             | ps: Is this not a sufficient resource?
             | 
             | https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-
             | guideline...
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | That is absolutely a useful resource, maybe even a
               | _necessary_ one, but I personally doubt it's sufficient.
               | 
               | It'd be like trying to learn a foreign language entirely
               | off something like Duolingo. At some point the only way
               | for you to communicate like a native is going to be to
               | embed yourself in the language and culture, otherwise
               | you'll never quite express things like a native.
        
           | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
           | I know you can't port a web app to it easily. But Expo,
           | wrapper around React Native, does do a great job at handling
           | that. It also comes with a build in ci/cd and over the air
           | bug fixes (alternative to codepush)
           | 
           | I've set up a custom flow with Fastlane with React Native.
           | Works pretty well, but Major Version, OS and architecture
           | update are a huge pain.
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | Interesting. I haven't worked with React Native or Expo,
             | but that sounds exactly like what I was suggesting.
        
               | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
               | It's YC funded:
               | https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/expo
        
           | a1o wrote:
           | > Debugging was a bit of a nightmare
           | 
           | Debug in Android Studio, connect phone on USB, enable USB
           | debugging, hit play button
           | 
           | Debug in Xcode, connect iphone (wireless), hit play button
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | Exactly. You need Android Studio or Xcode. Fucking pain in
             | the ass.
        
               | noarchy wrote:
               | You don't need them, but they do make things easier for a
               | lot of people. With Android, at least, you can do plenty
               | from the command line if that's your jam.
        
               | whstl wrote:
               | My problem with them is not so much that they are GUI
               | tools. It's more that they are bloated, low-quality and a
               | bit unpredictable. IMO and IME, of course. They do get
               | the job done, and people can get used to them if they use
               | daily. But if using them is not your daily job (and
               | Stockholm Syndrome hasn't set in), they make for a
               | terrible developer experience. They take a lot of time to
               | setup and there's often various problems with versioning,
               | for example. All IMO and IME, of course.
               | 
               | I used to work in a Cordova/PhoneGap/Ionic/[whatever the
               | name is today] app I had to make those bi-monthly
               | excursions to the codebase that would always take a
               | couple days because of Android Studio or Xcode. Setting
               | the tooling in a new computer or teaching this to a new
               | developer would require a lot of fiddling with version
               | for half a day or more until it worked properly.
               | 
               | Sure, if you work on it everyday it doesn't suck, but
               | working with multiple apps or working with different
               | things was always a terrible experience.
        
               | yoz-y wrote:
               | I only used Android Studio when it was in beta so can't
               | say much about that. But XCode is honestly quite good,
               | not perfect by any means, but especially with Swift and
               | SwiftUI it has some really good features (to wit: live
               | previews).
               | 
               | Provisioning and testing purchases is always a mess, but
               | that's mostly because the code world meets politics
               | there.
        
               | whstl wrote:
               | Again, they're fine for development as a daily driver.
               | For casual use (occasional maintenance/debugging,
               | publishing), not so much.
        
           | pelagicAustral wrote:
           | for a small window of time, there was an alternative...
           | https://creolabs.com/ but this is gone now.
        
         | Alifatisk wrote:
         | Not if you use Flutter
        
           | smallnix wrote:
           | Does anyone use that in production for large B2C
           | applications?
        
             | quaintdev wrote:
             | Google pay is written in Flutter
        
             | surajrmal wrote:
             | https://flutter.dev/showcase has many high profile examples
        
             | maelito wrote:
             | The French railway ticket website, sncf-connect.com is in
             | Flutter.
             | 
             | Largest e-commerce service in France.
        
           | MajimasEyepatch wrote:
           | Flutter is pretty nice, but I have a really hard time
           | trusting Google to continue supporting it.
        
         | etchalon wrote:
         | Google has Bubblwrap, which will take any PWA and create an
         | Android wrapper for you:
         | https://developers.google.com/codelabs/pwa-in-play#0
         | 
         | There are tools like that for iOS too, but you absolutely have
         | to have a Mac.
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | Google has a CLI tool for producing an APK bundle:
         | https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/bubblewrap
         | 
         | Tutorial here: https://developers.google.com/codelabs/pwa-in-
         | play
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | >It required an insane amount of tooling.
         | 
         | The all the extra tooling makes it easier to make Android apps.
         | Nothing is stopping you from downloading the Java JDK and
         | Android SDK and running javac, d8, aapt2, zipalign, and
         | apksigner yourself.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | > Nothing is stopping you from downloading the Java JDK and
           | Android SDK and running javac, d8, aapt2, zipalign, and
           | apksigner yourself.
           | 
           | That is the tooling that OP is talking about.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | It sounded to me that they thought they had to use Android
             | Studio as they were complaining about a GUI.
        
         | eomgames wrote:
         | I've had success with react native for deploying web type apps
         | onto both ios and android. Expo really flattens the learning
         | curve, it's something to grow out of for sure. I look at it
         | like having an app vs wanting to have an app.
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | What do you use for front end for your web app? If you use
         | React or Vue or something that does client-side rendering, you
         | can often turn your app into a PWA fairly trivially by just
         | adding a manifest. That is IMHO _definitely_ the way to go as
         | long as you don 't need to use native functionality/APIs.
         | 
         | PWAs are still a little tougher on Apple since Apple holds the
         | reins to their platform _very_ tightly and doesn 't want apps
         | getting to users without going through "curation," so if iOS is
         | an important market for you and your users will find you
         | _through_ the app store (rather than looking for you in the app
         | store after finding you elsewhere), then a PWA may not be the
         | best choice.
         | 
         | If you use server-side rendering, then it will of course be
         | more work, but I'd still probably go the PWA route and write it
         | in React or Vue. You already know JS so there's much less
         | learning, and it's the most "write once run anywhere" that
         | there is. You'll likely have to buy a mac though, although
         | there are services you can "rent" one for
         | building/signing/submitting to Apple.
         | 
         | React Native can be a good option as well, especially if you
         | need to call native APIs or must be in the Apple store (Google
         | Play Store can take you as a PWA). Most of your code can be
         | js/ts so less learning curve, and you can generate a
         | submittable app package that can go in the Apple store (and of
         | course Google).
         | 
         | If you need to make extensive use of native APIs though, then a
         | real native app may be better, though of course you will need a
         | separate one for ios and android, and there's a lot of learning
         | to do. And you'll definitely have to buy a mac.
         | 
         | tldr: a PWA is (probably) the way to go
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | > But because of better monetization options, I sometimes
           | dabble with the idea to build a native mobile app.
           | 
           | Likely not in this case.
        
         | mouzogu wrote:
         | just porting a basic chrome web extension, like 2 js files to
         | safari requires something like 10 GB of Xcode downloads and
         | various other crap.
         | 
         | i'm not doing that.
        
           | holoduke wrote:
           | Why not if I may ask? Vim only user? Its possible to build
           | ios and android apps with your own build tools. Its a lot
           | true.
        
         | holoduke wrote:
         | Try to create a app like behavior in javascript and use a
         | webview in android and ios to wrap your app. We do it like
         | that. You will still have some native parts like push
         | notifications, ads, social logins etc. But your ui render is
         | web. Just make sure you have an app like experience. Doable
         | these days.
        
         | anordal wrote:
         | The irony is that most people who think they want an app would
         | not see the difference between that and a shortcut to your
         | webpage.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | So the size of the tooling was about the same size as the your
         | web app pushes on every user?
         | 
         | The horror.
        
         | beretguy wrote:
         | Look into PWA.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | _I tried to build an Android app. It required an insane amount
         | of tooling. Hundreds and hundreds of megabytes of stuff. GUI
         | applications you have to use etc._
         | 
         | FPGA developers snicker under their breath, but if you look
         | closely you can see the tears welling up in their eyes...
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | Perhaps a progressive web app will work for you
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | I remember whent the DMCA was being proposed, there were
       | arguments that the anti-circumvention protections would basically
       | allow copyright holders to rewrite copyright law however they saw
       | fit, with no regards to fair use.
       | 
       | With or without the DMCA, that's proven prophetic. Between
       | cryptographic protections and server-based architecture, we're
       | into an era where "owning" things now means whatever the seller
       | wants it to mean.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/KUyIW
        
       | tehlike wrote:
       | I'm curious how much apple and Google will be allowed to charge
       | for alternative payment methods. In Korea, google and apple
       | (iirc) still can charge 26% of the transaction as their fee,
       | making the change fairly moot (and even counter productive).
        
         | kelthuzad wrote:
         | when sideloading is finally available I don't see how Apple (or
         | Google) would receive any share of developer profits since they
         | can't see or control 3rd party payment api calls made by devs
        
       | freedomben wrote:
       | I think Google really made a strategic mistake by copying Apple
       | on the payment restrictions. It kills me to see Apple and Google
       | lumped together as "monopolies" when Google's policy is IMHO 100x
       | less monopolistic than Apple's given you can sideload and use
       | completely different app stores, and enable "developer mode"
       | without paying a subscription fee just to run your own app on
       | your own device. But the payment restrictions are definitely
       | monopolistic-style abuse. Had they not have copied that, I don't
       | think they'd be under this microscope and losing lawsuits and
       | what not.
       | 
       | It does still blow my mind that Apple won their lawsuit from
       | Epic, yet Google lost, when Google is far less restrictive. IANAL
       | but from what I've understood it mainly came down to the fact
       | that G execs put the stuff in writing whereas Apple did not, so
       | with G there was some real damning evidence of the anti-
       | competitive behavior. But ironically, the reason G execs were in
       | the position of having to buy off people and make deals to stifle
       | competition is because of their looser reins over the platform.
       | If they'd been draconian and hyper-controlling from the start,
       | refusing side-loading and similar like Apple does, they wouldn't
       | have had to pay people off and make deals to crush competition as
       | that competition couldn't have even gotten off the ground in the
       | first place.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | > enable "developer mode" without paying a subscription fee
         | just to run your own app on your own device
         | 
         | Apple actually doesn't charge a fee for this. You can build an
         | app in Xcode and install it on your own device. You can't
         | distribute that app publicly though.
         | 
         | > G execs were in the position of having to buy off people
         | 
         | There's your answer - having a monopoly is not problem,
         | _abusing_ it is.
        
           | ElectroNomad wrote:
           | It only works for around 10 days...
        
             | jahewson wrote:
             | 1 year if you have a developer account, otherwise yeah 7
             | days?
        
               | bpye wrote:
               | There are also entitlements you still can't use and a 3
               | app limit with a free account, at the very least.
        
               | jahewson wrote:
               | That's true!
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > There's your answer - having a monopoly is not problem,
           | _abusing_ it is.
           | 
           | But tying (e.g. of an app store to a platform) is classic
           | monopoly abuse.
        
             | peyton wrote:
             | Tying means forcing people to buy an undesired good when
             | they buy a desired good. Is anybody buying an iPhone who
             | doesn't want the App Store?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Of course there are. There are people who like the
               | hardware, or the OS, or don't want a green bubble, but
               | would be happy to have F-Droid or Steam on iOS, or get a
               | discount on existing apps by buying them through someone
               | who charges a lower fee. Or just have the competition to
               | Apple's store which could cause Apple to charge a lower
               | fee themselves.
        
               | summerlight wrote:
               | https://www.justice.gov/archives/atr/competition-and-
               | monopol...
               | 
               | Your interpretation on tying is not well aligned with
               | usual legal interpretation. Unless the App Store is
               | considered not to be a separate product (which had been
               | Apple's argument for a long time on App Store and Safari
               | by designating them as "system services of iOS"), this is
               | clearly tying. The question is if Apple's current
               | practice is illegal tying or not. Whether the customer
               | wants it or not is not important here; you can give them
               | freely to gain market dominance then reap profits later
               | on whenever the competitors are all gone.
        
           | mmanfrin wrote:
           | > having a monopoly is not problem, abusing it is.
           | 
           | Having a monopoly should be case enough.
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | > IANAL but from what I've understood it mainly came down to
         | the fact that G execs put the stuff in writing whereas Apple
         | did not, so with G there was some real damning evidence of the
         | anti-competitive behavior.
         | 
         | It mainly came down to the fact that they were in different
         | courtrooms and the higher-level appellate courts haven't yet
         | decided how they're going to reconcile the results (possibly by
         | overturning one of them).
         | 
         | It's kind of an interesting case study in the arbitrariness of
         | the law. The most important question in either case is if
         | excluding competing app stores is permissible. It's obviously
         | anti-competitive, but doing anti-competitive things is
         | sometimes allowed if you have a legitimate justification.
         | Apple's argument is presumably that they need to for security.
         | This is, of course, BS, because a user who wanted Apple to vet
         | all of their apps could still choose not to install any from
         | outside of Apple's store even if Apple didn't prohibit them
         | from doing so.
         | 
         | Google could make the same claim -- they have to discourage
         | these filthy competitors because some of them might not be
         | selective enough in what they include, so suppressing them
         | improves security -- and it would be equally BS. But then you
         | uncover some emails that make them look _unsympathetic_ , or
         | admitting that the pretext is a farce, and now it's less likely
         | they get away with the charade.
         | 
         | The root of the problem here is that the rule that you can do
         | something anti-competitive if you have an excuse has the
         | potential to swallow the entire law. "Our competitors are
         | smelly and vile and we have to protect our customers from
         | interacting with them even if the customer explicitly wants to
         | do that" is a generic excuse that could be used to justify any
         | anti-competitive behavior. That's easier to see if you can read
         | some emails conceding the underlying motive, but it's true in
         | either case. Hopefully the higher courts will be able to see
         | that in both cases once they've seen it in one of them.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _higher-level appellate courts haven 't yet decided how
           | they're going to reconcile the results_
           | 
           | there are many areas of the law that don't set precedent and
           | don't need reconciliation
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | Both of the cases have been appealed. Appellate court
             | decisions set precedent within their jurisdiction. If the
             | Supreme Court takes the case (not unreasonable that the two
             | could be heard together), they'll issue an opinion and
             | create a national precedent.
        
         | toasted-subs wrote:
         | Let alone you have to pay a subscription fee for Apple.
        
         | udkl wrote:
         | stratechery has a reasonable explanation in one of the recent
         | articles :
         | 
         | "That last point may seem odd in light of Apple's victory, but
         | again, Apple was offering an integrated product that it fully
         | controlled and customers were fully aware of, and is thus,
         | under U.S. antitrust law, free to set the price of entry
         | however it chooses. Google, on the other hand, "entered into
         | one or more agreements that unreasonably restrained trade" --
         | that quote is from the jury instructions, and is taken directly
         | from the Sherman Act -- by which the jurors mean basically all
         | of them: the Google Play Developer Distribution Agreement,
         | investment agreements under the Games Velocity Program (i.e.
         | Project Hug), and Android's mobile application distribution
         | agreement and revenue share agreements with OEMs, were all
         | ruled illegal.
         | 
         | This goes back to the point I made above: Google's fundamental
         | legal challenge with Android is that it sought to have its cake
         | and eat it too: it wanted all of the shine of open source and
         | all of the reach and network effects of being a horizontal
         | operating system provider and all of the control and profits of
         | Apple, but the only way to do that was to pretty clearly (in my
         | opinion) violate antitrust law."
         | 
         | The key is 'unreasonably restrained trade' - Any OEM was
         | eligible to use Android, but what google did was restrict
         | competition by 'entered into one or more agreements that
         | unreasonably restrained trade'
         | 
         | https://stratechery.com/2023/googles-true-moonshot/
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | I think even this is a little unfair. Almost no one buys
           | Android because they are a horizontal operating systems
           | provider, and OEMs don't use it because of same, because the
           | former don't care and the latter already know the reality.
           | People use it because it's their best option, and not due to
           | any monopolistic practices excluding alternatives. It's just
           | the best option.
        
             | LargeTomato wrote:
             | Agreed. If Google locked down their app store more
             | aggressively they'd be legally in the clear. They played
             | nice, just not nice enough, so they got anti-trusted.
        
           | type0 wrote:
           | > product that it fully controlled and customers were fully
           | aware of
           | 
           | No my experience, there are plenty of these techy customers
           | online but I have yet to meet such Apple user IRL
        
             | Terretta wrote:
             | >> _product that it fully controlled and customers were
             | fully aware of_
             | 
             | > _No my experience, there are plenty of these techy
             | customers online but I have yet to meet such Apple user
             | IRL_
             | 
             | The entire premise and point of the Apple experience is not
             | having to be fully aware of the tech. At all. Ever.
             | 
             | For most Apple users, the tech is just not the point. It's
             | that it is air. Don't think about it unless it's missing or
             | stinks.
        
         | gchamonlive wrote:
         | Google couldn't have been restrictive from the start because of
         | how Android came and solidified itself. Google tapped and
         | profitted heavily on opensource, whereas apple had not only
         | their OS but all the hardware developed in-house, without
         | external collaboration for the most part.
         | 
         | The scenario surrounding iOS history lends itself pretty well
         | for solid walled gardens
        
         | GeekyBear wrote:
         | > It does still blow my mind that Apple won their lawsuit from
         | Epic, yet Google lost
         | 
         | When Google chose to open the Android OS, it created a
         | marketplace for Android devices which it attempted to control
         | by the use of anticompetitive contracts and actions.
         | 
         | The parallels with Microsoft and Windows are obvious. Microsoft
         | has been found guilty of anticompetitive actions in the Windows
         | PC marketplace it created by opening up Windows.
         | 
         | Yet Microsoft also has the XBox, which it did not open up to
         | other hardware makers and which is just as much of a walled
         | garden as iOS.
         | 
         | There have been no legal ramifications of Microsoft choosing to
         | be the sole maker it's own product, nor of having it's product
         | be a walled garden.
         | 
         | It's not illegal to have a monopoly over your own product and
         | it's not illegal to have a walled garden.
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | > It's not illegal to have a monopoly over your own product
           | and it's not illegal to have a walled garden.
           | 
           | The larger point being made is that once your product has a
           | commanding share of the market, it should be illegal, as it's
           | clearly anticompetitive by that point.
        
             | GeekyBear wrote:
             | Then you will have to make it illegal for Microsoft to have
             | products like Microsoft Office or XBox that it has not
             | opened up.
        
               | 0xFF0123 wrote:
               | I would understand the argument that the office doc file
               | format should be public and understandable, but I don't
               | see an argument that the program itself should be open.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | I believe the argument that grandparent comment made was
               | that "once your product has a commanding share of the
               | market, it should be illegal, as it's clearly
               | anticompetitive by that point"
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | I don't think anyone would be against breaking up M$ a
               | bit. Why wouldn't you want some proper M$ Office
               | alternatives?
               | 
               | Xbox is a bit trickier presumably because of PC gaming
               | and Sony/Nintendo, though considering it's M$ I say fuck
               | it and force them to open it up anyways.
        
         | nicce wrote:
         | > If they'd been draconian and hyper-controlling from the
         | start, refusing side-loading and similar like Apple does, they
         | wouldn't have had to pay people off and make deals to crush
         | competition as that competition couldn't have even gotten off
         | the ground in the first place.
         | 
         | Difference here is that Apple manufactures and controls all the
         | devices but Google does not.
         | 
         | When Google's decisions impact other manufactures or they even
         | are dependent on it, it becomes monopoly problem. But Apple
         | does not impact anybody else.
        
         | orenlindsey wrote:
         | I agree, Google is wayyyy less monopolistic than Apple. And
         | it's absolutely hilarious that Google lost while Apple won.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | The jury found that Google created a market of Android app
         | distribution, and then they squashed competition in that
         | market.
         | 
         | No just market exists for Apple (it's an entirely closed and
         | self-contained ecosystem) so there was no need to 'squash
         | competition' - it just doesn't exist!
         | 
         | https://www.theverge.com/24003500/epic-v-google-loss-apple-w...
        
       | solidsnack9000 wrote:
       | I am puzzled as to how Apple -- or especially Google -- are
       | supposed to run their business given this: "The legislation aims
       | to force them to allow third-party app stores and payment systems
       | as long as they are secure and protect user privacy."
       | 
       | At present, Apple's model is based on a certain expected revenue
       | per device that is a combination of some profit on the device and
       | some profit due to apps. If the profit due to apps is reduced
       | somehow, it stands to reason that profit on the device must go up
       | -- in other words, the device must be sold for a higher price.
       | 
       | Google does not always even sell the device and Android is open
       | source -- the only revenue Google gets from many devices,
       | apparently, is app sales.
       | 
       | Maybe the margins of free-and-clear profit for Apple and Google
       | are high enough that this really doesn't matter -- they'll still
       | be able to cover whatever costs they formerly had with plenty
       | left over to spare -- but even given that, I do wonder what the
       | regulators think Apple and Google are going to do about a change
       | like this.
       | 
       |  _EDIT_
       | 
       | It seems like many people are taking the lead sentence ("I am
       | puzzled as to how...") as expressing sympathy for Apple, Google
       | and other large monopolies (one commenter writes "We shouldn't
       | weep for monopolies."). This is not the focus I wanted to bring
       | to the topic -- really it is more about how they will change,
       | given that the old way of running their business will not work at
       | the same rate of profit anymore. Maybe many commenters think that
       | the rate of profit is high enough that nothing will change, &c.
       | One commenter writes "Maybe by selling hardware?", but then I
       | wonder, will Apple adjust prices upward? Maybe only in Japan?
       | 
       | One commenter asks "Why should anyone be concerned with the well-
       | being of Apple or Google?" and I would say, I'm not sure they
       | should be; but it's worthwhile to be concerned about how they
       | respond to this situation. I also wonder what the regulators
       | thought about this problem -- how they modeled the tech giants'
       | response.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | > I am puzzled as to how Apple -- or especially Google -- are
         | supposed to run their business given this
         | 
         | Maybe by selling hardware? Maybe by offering a better set of
         | platform services than everyone else? Proper competition in a
         | market full of alternatives.
         | 
         | We shouldn't weep for monopolies. Especially given the
         | smartphone is the most important invention and device of the
         | century. They've managed to become central to every type of
         | communication and commerce, and they're dominated by two
         | companies. There should be intense competition for this space,
         | not a steady state between two giants.
         | 
         | These companies are obscene with the control they wield. They
         | tax 30% of revenue, force you to use their payment and login
         | rails, prevent you from having any sort of customer
         | relationship of your own, let competitors place ads against
         | your product (forcing you to pay even more), and don't even let
         | you make your own technology choices or deploy when you want.
         | 
         | They're not customer friendly either. They give children
         | psychological issues about having the latest device and right
         | color text bubbles. They don't let you self service, replace
         | the battery, and brick themselves when you use third party
         | components.
         | 
         | These devices are essential for navigation, dating, hailing a
         | ride, delivering food or items, ordering at or reserving a
         | restaurant, performing many types of jobs, finding work,
         | scheduling events, etc. etc. etc. It's almost impossible to
         | live without one. And every action gets taxed and controlled by
         | two companies.
         | 
         | These two companies are heinous and this needs to immediately
         | be opened up for competition from all sides. This is broader
         | than Standard Oil even dreamed.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Apple having a market cap of 3 trillion dollars... I mean, I
         | think they'll be ok. This is, in fact, a strong indicator that
         | they do not need the protection of app store exclusivity.
        
         | TheLoafOfBread wrote:
         | I mean, when I was buying something on Windows, it won't forced
         | me to use Microsoft App Store. So why Google and Apple should
         | be an exception?
        
         | izzydata wrote:
         | It's better for the consumer when businesses aren't near
         | monopolies. Why should anyone be concerned with the well-being
         | of Apple or Google? They have had a lot of time running their
         | anti-competitive companies. I think they will be fine. Not to
         | mention the US is incapable of enacting anti-trust laws the way
         | it should so there will always be at least one country that
         | will get exploited.
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | Apple can suck on the fact that software distribution is
         | something that ought to be perfect competition with basically
         | no profit margin and take the L.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | (Ignoring the fact that both companies are ridiculously huge
         | before the first penny of app store revenue)
         | 
         | - Apple makes a tremendous profit off of device sales.
         | 
         | - While Android is free, Google charges licensing fees for
         | Google Mobile Services (which includes Play Store, so perhaps
         | companies could omit that, but I don't think that'll happen
         | anytime soon)
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | I'm curious to see how this shakes out. Will there be viable
       | third-party app stores? Will we find that the gatekeepers added
       | value in controlling quality? How many viable apps did they keep
       | of the market for anticompetitive reasons? What does a more fair
       | revenue cut look like?
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | we are not going to uncharted territory. this has been the
         | standard way to install applications since the beginning of
         | time, it is only in the past 15 years that the general publi
         | has been deemed "too dumb to save themselves"
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Ignore that *nix distros have had package management for a
           | long time. Those platforms are too niche to draw conclusions
           | from.
           | 
           | I used to fix computers as a side hustle from ~2000-~2006.
           | There was a lot of shit software on the market, no one knew
           | what was good, and the public really was "too dumb to save
           | themselves." Back then, just look at antivirus software.
           | These days, look at VPN snake oil. What's different now is
           | apps are more sandboxed, but new apps are just a few taps
           | away.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | And that's a small cost to pay to make sure market
             | competition still exists in the future and that the
             | corporations in the west are forced to innovate instead of
             | killing economy by stagnation and walled gardens.
        
         | spogbiper wrote:
         | I'm not sure how you define "viable" but Amazon has their own
         | app store for Android. I recall that some years ago I installed
         | it because they gave away paid apps every so often. Looks like
         | its still a thing: https://www.amazon.com/gp/mas/get/amazonapp
        
       | octacat wrote:
       | Web platform is already pretty secure/privacy oriented (maybe
       | more than the phone apps).
       | 
       | But web apps are impossible to install on the phones, because
       | apple/google love and push their native apps (love their 30%
       | cut).
       | 
       | oh, people would say "but what is about resources?"... - many
       | apps are just web-view anyway.
        
         | i5-2520M wrote:
         | How are web apps impossible to install?
        
           | octacat wrote:
           | You have to use browser on mobile to enter them (no way to
           | add an icon for them). + there are some other limitations.
           | There was an article about that.
           | 
           | Web platform is pretty capable to be used for app
           | development, it would save a lot of developer hours to not
           | develop for 3 platforms.
        
       | danieldrehmer wrote:
       | *to katana slice
        
       | kmeisthax wrote:
       | For context, the Japanese market is as favorable to Apple as
       | America is. Japan has a lot of very specific features that phones
       | need to support[0] and Apple is usually ahead of Google on
       | implementing them. This is in contrast to the EU where Android
       | dominates because they used to be the only 'cheap' option.
       | 
       | [0] Most notably, Felica, the protocol used by all the
       | contactless payment cards Japan's transit systems use. If you've
       | ever been to Japan, you probably have a PASMO or Suica card[1]
       | knocking around somewhere in your drawer. Japanese flipphones
       | have supported that protocol since right when it came out. Apple
       | added it at the same time they added Apple Pay and NFC support in
       | the states.
       | 
       | Also, emoji _used_ to be a Japan-only thing that required an NTT
       | or AU SIM until westerners started noticing the funny faces and
       | started writing copy-paste apps to get around the missing
       | keyboard.
       | 
       | [1] Suica game but it's transit cards instead of watermelons
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | Shouldn't this apply to Japanese game consoles as well? Why
       | American companies must allow third-party stores, but consoles
       | must not?
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I don't want to sift through garbage and spyware on my phone, so
       | I've always been a bit, "why is this a problem" about this whole
       | situation, but recently had the thought, "I sure would like to
       | not have to but the Civ VI expansions through both Steam and the
       | App Store."
       | 
       | It makes me wonder, if Apple and/or Google partnered with Valve
       | if that would be enough good will, or if nobody will be happy
       | until every device is a market for lemons.
        
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