[HN Gopher] US ban on some Apple Watch sales now in effect
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US ban on some Apple Watch sales now in effect
        
       Author : blueblueue
       Score  : 133 points
       Date   : 2023-12-26 16:17 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Live by the patent, die by the patent.
       | 
       | No sympathy deserved or earned.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | agreed. the richest company on the planet with its massive army
         | of lawyers are either incompetent and could not see they would
         | be affected by an existing patent, or so egotistical that they
         | felt they could bully their way around it. either way, that's
         | not a good look for Apple in this.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | Presumably the patent litigator also knows all of those facts
           | and may have been holding out for too much money (in Apple's
           | calculus) and the long-run game is better for Apple if they
           | take some short-term pain now in exchange for being known as
           | a difficult target.
           | 
           | Apple will be fine without watch sales for a long time if
           | needed.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Assuming Apple is in a 2-year cycle with the watch like its
             | other devices, what are the odds the offending part of the
             | series 9 watch is also in the series 10 watch with not
             | enough time to remove it before the 10 release. it would
             | make the 10 necessary to be pushed back while they retool
             | the product or continue negotiating for a licensing
             | agreement
        
             | mthoms wrote:
             | According to the Massimo CEO, Apple has not made any offer
             | whatsoever to resolve this.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | That not incongruent with a strategy to wait out a patent
               | holder and thereby be known as a difficult target.
               | 
               | Apple's under no obligation to offer a settlement.
        
               | mthoms wrote:
               | >That not incongruent with a strategy to wait out a
               | patent holder and thereby be known as a difficult target.
               | 
               | For sure. But it does counter the suggestion you made
               | that Massimo may have been "holding out" for more money.
               | 
               | >Apple's under no obligation to offer a settlement.
               | 
               | Agreed. I never suggested otherwise.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Ah. In my mind "holding out" does not require a
               | settlement offer to be proposed by the counterparty.
               | 
               | If you ask the price to buy my 2005 Honda CRV (license my
               | patent) and I tell you $250K ($250M/yr), many would think
               | I was holding out even if you (Apple) correctly roll your
               | eyes and don't engage.
        
               | Grazester wrote:
               | I don't know when this was said but wouldn't offering to
               | resolve be acknowledgement that there was infringement on
               | Apple's part? Maybe now there will be willing to
               | negotiate something
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | no, you can have settlement discussions without affecting
               | the case.
        
             | cozzyd wrote:
             | Or they could remove the feature (I don't find the pulse ox
             | particularly useful on my Garmin watch... When I go to high
             | altitude I bring my cheapo pulse ox from Walgreens that is
             | supposedly much more as accurate). Or find some other way
             | to implement it (Garmin, at least, has implemented it
             | differently).
        
         | dang wrote:
         | OK, but please don't post generic flamewar comments to HN. This
         | kind of thing leads to repetitive threads that have happened
         | many times before, which is not the curious conversation we're
         | trying for here.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
       | Karma:
       | 
       | https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-gets-u-s-ban-on-htc-andr...
        
         | tremarley wrote:
         | HTC probably lost out on billions due to this
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | HTC practically ceased to exist as a consumer facing company
           | in the West due to this. I don't know of any hardware they've
           | produced recently outside of their partnership with Valve on
           | VR, and they're not the face of that relationship.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | That article says they spun a new firmware almost
             | immediately. I hadn't heard of that case (Apple patents
             | using computers to process structured data), but I thought
             | some other thing did a much better job of screwing HTC
             | over.
        
             | dagmx wrote:
             | I feel like you're exaggerating the impact of this single
             | case on HTC's long term viability .
             | 
             | The article says they rectified the issue in software right
             | away. HTC died off in the US for many other reasons, I
             | severely doubt this was one of them given it could be
             | software rectified.
             | 
             | HTC continued to make many phones ( https://en.wikipedia.or
             | g/wiki/Comparison_of_HTC_devices?wpro... ) after this
             | before being bought by Google (
             | https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/20/16340108/google-htc-
             | smart... )
             | 
             | What killed of HTC's mobile division was the inability to
             | compete in the market against Google, Samsung and Motorola.
             | I'm sure this case hurt some but given how quickly it was
             | fixed, the import ban was likely very short lived.
             | Especially because they had new phones available almost
             | immediately after.
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | My first (and last) smartphone was a HTC Desire, and I
             | wished HTC died before the day I would shell out over
             | 500EUR for that piece of smoking crap. It needed the
             | mainboard to be swapped not one but two times under
             | warranty before it could be used for more than 1 minute
             | without rebooting (apparently a well known overheating
             | problem) then, months after warranty expired, it suddenly
             | died beyond any recover to became my most expensive
             | paperweight. I know I'm just an unfortunate drop in the
             | sea, still I don't miss their products at all.
        
             | midtake wrote:
             | HTC probably lost the phone game due to Samsung existing
             | more than anything else.
        
         | Racing0461 wrote:
         | This was back when steve jobs was suing anyone making rounded
         | corner phones right? The apple watch patent seems like an
         | actual thing.
        
           | stouset wrote:
           | Design patents are an actual thing and they cover _extremely
           | specific_ features of an object's physical design.
        
           | skygazer wrote:
           | Maybe? The two violated patent claims are "a protrusion
           | comprising opaque material configured to substantially
           | prevent light piping" and "one or more chamfered edges" of
           | the protrusion, on a patent titled "User-worn device for
           | noninvasively measuring a physiological parameter of a user."
           | It doesn't appear anything that HN users would consider
           | technology related was involved, and despite the palpable
           | sense of Schadenfreude here, if it had happened to a company
           | other than Apple, we'd probably be more sympathetic.
           | 
           | The patent's claims seem likely to be further invalidated
           | once it gets to court, but the timing unfolded to Apple's
           | disadvantage. (Or maybe not, as they managed to hold
           | everything off until after Christmas sales were completed,
           | and maybe managed to get a bump out of the pending ban.)
           | 
           | I generally feel no sympathy or outrage for Apples patent
           | strife. They are often a target not so much because of their
           | bad acts but because they're wealthy and a big potential
           | payday, but they're also wealthy enough to defend their
           | interests and the expenses are just the cost of doing
           | business. (Although they are usually much better at
           | preventing this level of chaos, but they pissed off a
           | billionaire by hiring his top staff, so there's that.)
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | Patent _titles_ have no effect on anything. I have several
             | with the exact same titles, and they 're all different.
        
               | skygazer wrote:
               | Yes, they're always vague. Maybe I should have omitted it
               | so as not to confuse. To be clearer, the cited claims are
               | the issue.
        
         | srj wrote:
         | The patent on clicking a phone number to dial it was
         | particularly absurd.
        
       | high_derivative wrote:
       | Apple loves to bully competitors and suppliers with both patents
       | and app store. I doubt being on the other end of this will make
       | them change their behaviour.
        
         | durandal1 wrote:
         | Outside of fights with huge corps like Qualcomm, do you have
         | any examples of Apple going after small companies over to
         | patent infringement?
        
       | pushedx wrote:
       | Do the $15 pulse oximiters that can be found on Amazon also
       | infringe on these patents?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | That is a legal question that depends on how much revenue is
         | generated by said companies.
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | Not really. $15 pulse oximeters on Amazon are coming straight
           | out of China from fly by night companies in a country that
           | doesn't particularly care about IP law, and even when they do
           | make it _amazingly_ hard for a foreign company with even the
           | most absolute, solid, novel patents to fight against a
           | Chinese company blatantly and openly infringing.
           | 
           | Trying to frame this as a money grab from Masimo is overly
           | defensive of Apple.
        
             | asadotzler wrote:
             | None of these pulse oximeters on Amazon from China are
             | violating these worn device patents because those pulse
             | oximeters don't use an array of emitters, and heavily
             | process the reflected light results. Wearable pulse ox is
             | an entirely different tech stack as finger clamp pulse ox.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Yeah finger clamps shine through the finger completely.
               | They don't use reflected light.
               | 
               | They are much more accurate for this reason but also more
               | annoying to wear. I think the only daily-wearable one
               | that works this way is the Oura ring.
               | 
               | I'm surprised how well it still works on a watch though.
               | I never tried Apple's implementation as I don't have an
               | apple phone to pair it with, but my galaxy watch 6's SpO2
               | works pretty decently compared to a finger clamp one,
               | considering it is much harder to do it on the wrist.
        
           | c0pium wrote:
           | Or trifling matters like clips working on an entirely
           | different principle (transmission vice reflection) than the
           | method which remains patent encumbered.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | Certainly it works on a different principle than that which
             | is patented. At the same time, IANAL, and if the stakes are
             | large enough the question might need an adjudicated answer.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | Adjudicated answers, also known as patents, have been
               | separately issued for these very different techniques to
               | accomplish the same underlying goal. The transmission
               | patents are expired for quite sometime however, which is
               | why devices using them can be made cheaply.
        
         | 1123581321 wrote:
         | They do not. Massimo's relevant patents have to do with their
         | signal processing on user-worn devices. Cheap oximeters are
         | clip-ons that only do rudimentary processing with strong beams
         | of light through the fingers.
         | 
         | https://www.masimo.com/technology/co-oximetry/set/
         | 
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US10912502B2/en (this is one
         | that was cited by the trade commission.)
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | The independent claims in that patent seem to exactly
           | describe technologies from the 1970's, except that the
           | detector is flat and uses 4 LEDs. The Massimo page you cite
           | claims they invented their signal processing technique in
           | 1989, and Wikipedia says they shipped it in 1995.
           | 
           | The patent you cite was filed in 2009, and is set to expire
           | in 2028. Patents only are supposed to last 17 years in the
           | US, not 39 years.
           | 
           | Anyway, the clip on one's probably don't use the algorithms
           | from 1989 or and whatever is in the patent, since the
           | innovation was using a flat detector instead of a clip. Clips
           | were working fine for 20 years before SET.
        
             | Godel_unicode wrote:
             | Clips work by observing transmission of light through the
             | finger being absorbed by oxygen-carrying blood as opposed
             | to the single chip wearable which depends on measuring
             | reflected light. Different techniques, different patents.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | Thanks for explaining this! I was wondering why "clip on"
               | vs "wrist worn" would matter, and your comment cleared it
               | up.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | "17 years from issuance" is ancient. It's been "20 years
             | from filing date" for > 25 years now.
        
           | imjustforyou wrote:
           | Patent laws really are so strange. Two people had an idea in
           | 1989 (over a decade before I was born) and as a result, I am
           | not allowed to build a product using that idea and sell it,
           | even if I independently reached the idea myself. I think in
           | an ideal world, we would have intellectual rights and
           | patents, but for a vastly reduced scope of time.
           | 
           | You come up with an amazing breakthrough that will alter the
           | world? Congratulations, it's yours for 10 years to do what
           | you want. After that, it's fair game. Innovate or die.
        
             | Moto7451 wrote:
             | > You come up with an amazing breakthrough that will alter
             | the world? Congratulations, it's yours for 10 years to do
             | what you want. After that, it's fair game. Innovate or die.
             | 
             | That's how patents work in the US. You get 10 years with
             | the ability to extend 10 more. There are games to be played
             | with some patents that extend their life (like a new use
             | patent in pharma) but generally these parents for seemingly
             | old things are new ideas about an old thing.
             | 
             | If you want a short fun read on Solar Panels [0] you'll
             | find a Melvin Severy referenced. That's my ancestor. We
             | don't see a penny from his work because that patent is long
             | gone and is just referenced as prior art. Feel free to use
             | it all you'd like.
             | 
             | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/sponsored/brief-history-
             | solar...
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | The international TRIPs agreement, managed by WTO,
             | specifies a 20y term. AFAIK, 20y is standard for patents.
             | Which means an invention (not an idea!) patented in 1989
             | should be free to use from 2009 onwards.
             | 
             | USA used to have 'submarine patents' that could appear
             | later, but apart from that there doesn't seem to be any
             | jurisdiction in which a 33 year old patent would still be
             | valid.
        
             | nullindividual wrote:
             | As soon as you encountered FDA regulations and requirements
             | for a device like this, you'd be asking for far more than
             | 10 years of patent protections.
             | 
             | I'm no fan of patents, but medical devices/medications are
             | extremely expensive [in the US] to develop.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | You think that's weird, try drawing three circles that
             | vaguely look like a mouse and building a multibillion
             | century-long empire off it.
        
             | midtake wrote:
             | Your second paragraph is how patents already work, and you
             | can't patent an idea, only specific inventions. Sometimes
             | patents for ideas slip through the cracks and sometimes
             | patents get extended without a good reason, but these are
             | not problems with the idea of a patent itself.
             | 
             | What you're arguing against is corruption, not patents.
        
             | Geisterde wrote:
             | I would argue intellectual property laws are bad at the
             | outset, and that the concept of intellectual property is
             | praxeologically unsound. What right does a person have to
             | restrict the progress and free will of another (or society
             | for that matter) simply because they came up with an idea
             | "first"?
             | 
             | The very idea of intellectual property though, you own your
             | mind, you own your thoughts, sure. You can own a document
             | with the details of your idea, and you can physically
             | restrict others from seeing your property. What does it
             | mean for an idea to be property though? Why are government
             | resources invested in protecting something that private
             | companies and individuals have the responsibility of
             | protecting themselves?
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | But the amount of processing necessary to trigger the patent
           | is "any amount more than zero". Here's what claim 19, which
           | Apple was adjudged to have indirectly violated, says about
           | processing:
           | 
           | > [the user-worn device comprising, among other things: ] one
           | or more processors configured to receive one or more signals
           | from at least one of the four photodiodes and output
           | measurements responsive to the one or more signals, the
           | measurements indicative of the oxygen saturation of the user.
           | 
           | So if your device includes _one or more_ processors, and
           | those processors aren 't just decorative, you're in
           | violation. _What processing you do_ is not relevant; what 's
           | patented is that you do any processing of any kind.
           | 
           | Note that _Apple 's_ violation does not seem to have been
           | related to data processing; they were adjudged to have
           | _directly_ violated claim 22, which is the device described
           | in claim 19 plus a series of modifications and /or
           | clarifications, of which the modification/clarification
           | unique to claim 22 has to do with the configuration of the
           | LEDs in the device.
           | 
           | If the problem had to do with their data processing, they
           | probably would have been found in violation of claim 19
           | instead...?
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | It's funny how these things work. They don't even specify
             | the wavelength of the LEDs used, instead preferring to
             | patent any wavelength imaginable. But obviously not all of
             | them will work. Why was this allowed in a patent? How is
             | this a valid description of what they built?
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | Why wouldn't it be allowed in a patent? As far as I know,
               | there isn't a law that says patents have to specify the
               | wavelengths used.
               | 
               | If you built it with wavelengths that worked, it'd be
               | covered by the patent. If you built it with wavelengths
               | that didn't work, it'd probably be useless.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Here is the ruling against Apple:
         | https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/USITC...
         | 
         | The relevant patent claims are identified:
         | 
         | > the Commission finds that Apple has violated section 337 as
         | to claims 22 and 28 of the '502 patent and claims 12, 24, and
         | 30 of the '648 patent.
         | 
         | (Many more claims were included in the complaint, but Apple
         | didn't lose on those claims.)
         | 
         | These are the '502 and '648 patents:
         | 
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US10912502B2/en
         | 
         | > 22. The user-worn device of claim 21, wherein the plurality
         | of emitters comprise at least four emitters, and wherein each
         | of the plurality of emitters comprises a respective set of at
         | least three LEDs.
         | 
         | > 28. [This is one of the base descriptions; too long to pull
         | as a quote.]
         | 
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US10945648B2/en
         | 
         | > 12. The user-worn device of claim 8, wherein the
         | physiological parameter comprises oxygen or oxygen saturation.
         | 
         | > 24. The user-worn device of claim 20, wherein the protrusion
         | comprises opaque material configured to substantially prevent
         | light piping.
         | 
         | > 30. The user-worn device of claim 20, wherein the protrusion
         | further comprises one or more chamfered edges.
         | 
         | The easiest way to avoid this set of patents appears to be to
         | use less than three LEDs. I assume that will produce a more
         | unreliable reading, but increasing the number of LEDs does not
         | appear to be considered an "obvious" approach to that problem.
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Apple certainly isn't a an innocent player here (they have shut
       | down competitors with bogus patents), but that doesn't mean the
       | system isn't completely broken.
       | 
       | The import ban is due to them using a technology that was
       | invented in 1935, then improved to more or less match what Apple
       | shipped in 1970. Ironically, the inventor from 1970 opted not to
       | patent it. The history section of this article has a good
       | overview: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry
       | 
       | On top of there obviously being prior work, the "court" that
       | blocked imports is part of an expedited process, so even though
       | the real court will definitely consider invalidating the patent
       | (and will probably invalidate it) that hasn't happened yet.
       | 
       | There are good examples in this discussion of Apple using equally
       | bogus patents to block imports, but I hope something (maybe this
       | case) becomes a poster child for this sort of legal abuse, and
       | leads to real reform.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | I generally agree when how bogus this kind of thing usually is
         | is brought up but in this case I'm not sure I can agree what
         | happened here was fair play tarnished by misguided law after
         | reading the backstory these past few weeks. The rub between the
         | two here isn't pulse ox was used at all it's a specific
         | implementation of a certain part of several patents Marino
         | claims Apple stole when they were working together then
         | abandoned the relationship. This isn't something where Apple
         | did something obvious in a vacuum and suddenly a troll came out
         | of the woodwork. "Prior work" doesn't mean someone did light
         | based pulse ox before it means the specific implementation
         | which improves it was already known and in use at the time the
         | patent was filed, which is not the case here.
        
           | Despegar wrote:
           | There was no partnership as far as I know. Masimo met with
           | Apple's M&A team, they didn't do a deal, then Apple hired
           | Masimo employees to do it themselves.
           | 
           | This complaint of Apple meeting with some company and then
           | stealing their technology is the narrative put forward by
           | every company or VC that meets with Apple and doesn't result
           | in an acquisition. As if it's impossible to know who to hire
           | from LinkedIn, patents, knowledge of the field, etc.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | > As if it's impossible to know who to hire from LinkedIn,
             | patents, knowledge of the field, etc.
             | 
             | That's misunderstanding the argument: it's not "They
             | poached our employees and that isn't fair!", it's "Clearly
             | our technology was legitimate and innovative, they had to
             | poach our employees to duplicate it!"
             | 
             | It's an argument toward the standing of the patent(s?), not
             | a complaint of unfair trade practices.
        
               | jhugo wrote:
               | > That's misunderstanding the argument: it's not "They
               | poached our employees and that isn't fair!", it's
               | "Clearly our technology was legitimate and innovative,
               | they had to poach our employees to duplicate it!"
               | 
               | This seems a pretty thin argument. Hiring some people who
               | already successfully did it has a higher chance of
               | success than hiring randos, even if they have to do a
               | clean-room re-implementation. So of course you're going
               | to hire them if you can.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > This seems a pretty thin argument. Hiring some people
               | who already successfully did it has a higher chance of
               | success than hiring randos, even if they have to do a
               | clean-room re-implementation.
               | 
               | That's... literally the argument. If the patent was
               | obvious to a practitioner in the field, you wouldn't need
               | to hire experts. And not just any experts, experts from
               | the company that holds the patent in question!
               | 
               | Honestly this part of the argument seems pretty sound to
               | me. Whether patents should have this kind of power on the
               | whole is I think an excellent question. But given the
               | system we have, as I see it Apple is screwed here.
               | They're going to end up cutting a very big check to get
               | out of this.
        
               | noirbot wrote:
               | Isn't the question what the "field" is? Does it have to
               | be obvious to a random college grad in Electrical
               | Engineering? Biomed Engineering? Someone who's worked in
               | Medical devices before? Someone who's worked on any other
               | Pulse/Ox before?
               | 
               | I can very easily see a case where it's obvious to anyone
               | who's worked on this sort of device before, but only 1-2
               | companies make that sort of device, so if you want to
               | hire someone to make that sort of device without starting
               | from literally 0 experience, it would have to be from one
               | of the few companies that have patents in that field.
               | 
               | Once you're talking about specific methods of
               | accomplishing a specific task in a field, there aren't
               | _that_ many experts _or_ practitioners.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | > This seems a pretty thin argument. Hiring some people
               | who already successfully did it has a higher chance of
               | success than hiring randos
               | 
               | You're basically agreeing to the GP's "thin" argument by
               | saying you need people who already successfully did it to
               | have a higher chance of succeeding.
               | 
               | > even if they have to do a clean-room re-implementation
               | 
               | You can't do a clean-room re-implementation if you're
               | hiring people who already worked of the original
               | implementation. Plus clean-room design only circumvents
               | copyright claims. They don't defend against patents.
        
         | orbital-decay wrote:
         | Did they patent pulse oximetry, though? The referenced patent
         | seems to be for their specific detector design and signal
         | processing method.
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US10912502B2
        
           | c0pium wrote:
           | That's how patents always work; the concept cannot be
           | patented, it's the method which is. Garmin for instance has
           | their own (patented) method which works differently from the
           | infringing Apple implementation.
        
             | jevoten wrote:
             | That's how they _should_ work. Unfortunately, concept
             | patents get granted all the time:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Click
             | 
             | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/12/loading-screen-game-
             | pa...
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | both of your examples are from the 90's.
               | 
               | It's simply incorrect to say "concept patents get granted
               | all the time." No, they don't. You patent an invention.
               | The claims on it may be inappropriately broad, but there
               | have always been mechanisms to address that.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | Clicking once and having a thing show up at your house is
               | not a concept, it's a process. There are lots of ways to
               | have a streamlined payment experience which do not
               | violate this patent.
        
           | asadotzler wrote:
           | You are correct and OP is burying the actual crime. OP is
           | correct, however, that this is Apple's SOP as well. They
           | don't amass tens of thousands of patents for the joy.
        
         | c0pium wrote:
         | Those dates are all incorrect (or at a minimum not applicable).
         | As is stated in the cited Wikipedia article, those dates are
         | for detecting pulseox via transmission of light through a thin
         | part of the body, such as a finger or ear, as opposed to
         | reflectance. Reflection pulse oximetry from a thick part of the
         | body, such as a wrist, is a much more recent invention and is
         | the subject of these patents.
        
           | withinboredom wrote:
           | This. Is this it? "The scattered light through the tissue
           | came back instead of through, so this is totally novel!"
           | 
           | Like literally, we are arguing over the vector of the light?
        
             | c0pium wrote:
             | Technically yes, but that's a bit like saying rocket engine
             | patents are about the vector of hot gasses. There are a lot
             | of issues with creating one chip that both emits and
             | receives light which are not present in a transmission
             | model. In particular, if you look at the actual claims in
             | the case, this is what many of the areas which were
             | infringed upon deal with.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Why do you think that a District Court will invalidate the
         | parents? The ITC determined they were valid, and they're a
         | competent specialized court that deals exclusively with this
         | sort of case.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > they have shut down competitors with bogus patents
         | 
         | this is an interesting point, but what are some examples?
        
           | spogbiper wrote:
           | https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-gets-u-s-ban-on-htc-
           | andr...
        
             | jjtheblunt wrote:
             | wow; that's nuts. thanks for sharing it.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | [dupe]
       | 
       | More here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38771436
        
       | Tiereven wrote:
       | I wonder if it is time to re-think the way patents work in an age
       | of highly integrated devices. In this case, it seems like Apple
       | and Masimo could have worked together to deliver a stellar
       | product that promoted both inventor rights and benefited the
       | public. Instead, both companies are suffering, and the public
       | loses access to a technology.
       | 
       | Perhaps the public should buy the Masimo watch if they appreciate
       | the specific advantages of the specific pulse oximetry technology
       | at question here. While that may satisfy a small percentage of
       | customers whose primary motive is that specific feature, the
       | majority of people I know wouldn't consider that a valid option,
       | since they like the integration with the "apple ecosystem", or
       | similar reasons.
       | 
       | Would it be possible to separate end products from component
       | technology in a way that prevents this? Perhaps by tracking an
       | accounting line for patents internally, then pushing for
       | legislation which requires patent-cost -> end product cost
       | transparency?
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | > seems like Apple and Masimo could have worked together
         | 
         | That's literally what Massimo wanted, before Apple bailed on
         | the partnership and poached their employees instead...
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | Where are you getting this information? The consumer business
           | is ultimately a threat to Masimo. Did they have any intention
           | of commercializing these patents? Why did so many employees
           | leave?
        
             | c0pium wrote:
             | Yes. By partnering with Apple. The employees left to go
             | work at Apple. Which is fine, you can work wherever you
             | want and companies are free to hire/poach whoever they
             | want.
             | 
             | The issue here is not that Apple hired them or that Apple
             | didn't go through with the deal. The issue is that Apple
             | didn't innovate but instead infringed on someone else's IP.
             | If you want to see an example of what Apple should have
             | done, go check out the Garmin patents around pulseox.
             | 
             | Edit: People like to dunk on Garmin for being slow to
             | market, while ignoring the degree to which Garmin doesn't
             | just rip off patented ideas and instead actually innovates.
        
             | Tiereven wrote:
             | Their existing product line is marketed on their patent
             | background [^1]. The questions you're asking seem to
             | resonate with a certain skepticism I have observed
             | repeatedly in related situations. This is why I am
             | wondering if anyone is seriously considering alternative
             | models. It seems someone in this audience is likely to know
             | of such a proposal if any exists.
             | 
             | [^1]
             | https://www.masimopersonalhealth.com/products/masimo-w1
        
           | Tiereven wrote:
           | That's the narrative I am gathering from the comments here.
           | Is it possible to realign incentives to promote cooperation
           | instead? I understand this kind of restructuring would
           | generate huge turbulence and resistance from entrenched
           | players - but if it's possible to use the patent system for
           | collaboration instead of market exclusion, the resulting net
           | benefit to inventors/researchers, manufacturing and the
           | general public might be worth it.
        
             | CogitoCogito wrote:
             | The banning of these Apple products _does_ promote
             | cooperation. After all, it is actively punishing Apple's
             | lack of cooperation.
        
               | tensor wrote:
               | Paying arbitrary fees to someone who filed paperwork
               | first does not promote any sort of "cooperation", unless
               | your idea of cooperation is one person paying money and
               | one collecting it and giving nothing in return.
        
               | jocaal wrote:
               | > ...giving nothing in return
               | 
               | Patent law is there, because creating original work is
               | costly and can take years in engineering and scientific
               | fields. The patents are there to give a time-window for
               | the people who made the investments to make their money
               | back and get some return on their investment.
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | > In this case, it seems like Apple and Masimo could have
         | worked together to deliver a stellar product that promoted both
         | inventor rights and benefited the public. Instead, both
         | companies are suffering, and the public loses access to a
         | technology.
         | 
         | I don't think the existence of rare costly outcomes is very
         | good evidence that anything is wrong with the system.
         | 
         | Among high-level players, the vast majority of poker hands ends
         | with an "agreement" about who probably has the strongest hand
         | (i.e, all but one player folds and there's a modest transfer of
         | funds to that player). But in order for that system to work,
         | there has to be a credible threat of a showdown which, from an
         | economic perspective considering just that single hand, is
         | inefficient.
         | 
         | Likewise, the patent system might be good or bad overall, but
         | occasional occurance of costly outcomes doesn't tell us much.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | There are other watches with this. Withings is FDA-approved.
       | Garmin and Samsung have several models. There are non-Apple
       | watches which will pair with iPhones. And there are Apple watches
       | without a blood-oxygen sensor. No big deal.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | How did the other manufacturers get away with this? Did they
         | actually license the patent, or are they the next victims to
         | get shut down...?
        
           | Frost1x wrote:
           | I haven't dug into this in-depth but from what someone who
           | had mentioned, I think it falls into a very specific approach
           | they're using around an array of 4 sensors which is patented.
           | I suspect other manufacturers use different approaches that
           | isn't patented here. Again, this is secondary information so
           | take it with a grain of salt.
        
       | jusonchan81 wrote:
       | Is there a chance Apple will pay Masimo for the technology and
       | resume sales?
       | 
       | I am curious why that didn't happen. If this is an exec's
       | decision and this leads to bigger losses than paying Masimo, I
       | wonder what would happen the people involved in the decisions.
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | There's a chance. This is likely Apple exhausting options
         | before it settles into a licensing deal. First you try cease-
         | and-desist, then appeals, then settlement, then import
         | restriction negotiation, etc. Obviously Apple does not want to
         | pay a fee per watch for the technology. They say they're going
         | to try to fix it in software, Masimo says it's a hardware
         | thing.
         | 
         | Apparently this whole thing happened because Masimo started
         | selling a watch and Apple brought a suit against it and the
         | ruling didn't go their way.
        
           | edm0nd wrote:
           | It's also happening because after some failed negotiations
           | Apple just straight up started poaching employee talent from
           | Massimo.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | This is a good thing. It increases salaries for everyone.
             | If Apple can make more money with your ideas than Massimo,
             | why shouldn't they be allowed to pay you more?
        
               | jocaal wrote:
               | Masimo made investments into R&D. They payed salaries to
               | researchers to create new products and got awarded a
               | patent for that investment. If the employees knew they
               | were onto something big, they should've started a company
               | or negotiated higher salaries before the patent was
               | filed. If you want the reward, you have to take the risk.
               | 
               | Apple sits on heaps of cash and could have done the same.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> It increases salaries for everyone._
               | 
               | Not always and not for everyone. Follow me: Currently
               | there are two players in this space competing for talent,
               | Apple and Massimo. This competition results in higher
               | wages and more innovation. What do you think will happen
               | to wages and innovation if Apple just guts Massimo(or any
               | other company) and now there's only one player on the
               | market, Apple? Now Apple can pay you whatever they want
               | because you have nowhere else to go.
               | 
               | How do I know this? Because years and years ago, two
               | major semiconductor companies had offices in my home
               | town. And workers would get pay raises by jumping ship
               | between the two. A few years ago, one of the bigger
               | corps. bought the other smaller one becoming an even
               | bigger behemoth, so the offices had to merge, leading to
               | layoffs in the name of cutting the redundant jobs and
               | "optimizing efficiency". What do you think happened to
               | the wages at the new giant company? Did they go up or
               | not?
               | 
               | So, I question the thought process of HNers who support
               | that Apple crushing a smaller player out of a market
               | somehow leads to higher salaries for everyone. If you
               | want higher salaries, you need more players in that
               | market, not one giant monopolist. This isn't Apple vs
               | some equal Goliath like Google or Microsoft who can
               | afford to fight fire with fire.
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | That' not the complete story. Apple basically screwed
             | Massimo in getting Massimo to spill their guts on their
             | sensor tech promising them an licesing/partnership and
             | instead of following through, they decided to cease any
             | licensing deal and instead poach the team to build that
             | tech inhouse instead of licensing it.
             | 
             | It's known in SV as "brain fucking". A lot of big companies
             | do this to small companies where they promise a
             | acquisition/licensing/funding deal in order to get
             | presentations with confidential info on the core tech, and
             | then just use their massive war chest to build that core
             | tech themselves without compensating the smaller player for
             | having reveal the keys to the kingdom.
        
           | jklinger410 wrote:
           | > then import restriction negotiation, etc
           | 
           | I don't think many of us have ever seen this step.
        
         | midtake wrote:
         | Is it worth the long term increase in cost if Apple pays
         | Masimo? It's not a one off where you just pay up to continue
         | operations. Pay one and many more will line up. I am sure
         | Apple's analysts already have a number for how much profit
         | they'd slough off if they pay off Masimo and many more follow.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | What no one's mentioned here is: this is an International Trade
       | Commission ruling, not a US court or PTO ruling.
       | 
       | So Apple cannot _import_ those watches. They _could_ probably
       | build them in the US (now there 's a thought), and injunctions
       | against domestic products are possible but very unusual. Usually
       | there are damages, not injunctions.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | Can we still manufacture electronics here, even if we wanted
         | to? I thought all the expertise and machinery was outsourced a
         | long time ago?
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | We can manufacture electronics here, though the exact details
           | of the Apple Watch are probably not easy to accommodate. (The
           | manufacturing engineers knew it would be built in China, so
           | they chose parts and processes that are mature there. For
           | example, if the requirement was for all the parts to be made
           | in the US, then it would probably use an Intel chip, since
           | those are made in the US. It probably wouldn't get 2 days of
           | battery life if they used one of those, however.)
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | Actually, there's no need to be all US-only. It's only the
             | finished article that can't be imported.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> Can we still manufacture electronics here, even if we
           | wanted to? I thought all the expertise and machinery was
           | outsourced a long time ago?_
           | 
           | Yes. There's a bunch of industries that either can't or don't
           | bother manufacturing in China. The majority of the military
           | industrial complex and much of the biotech/medical equipment
           | industry, among many others. The former for natsec reasons
           | and the latter because even after 20 years QC is still a
           | shitshow.
           | 
           | The problem is how spread out the industrial capacity is. In
           | Shenzhen you can walk from the factory to a giant bazaar with
           | every electronic part you could think of available to buy
           | then and there in reel quantities. You can walk to any of
           | hundreds of other factories and talk to the people on the
           | floor to help design parts for their process. When the part
           | is ready, they can courier it over to you within an hour.
           | 
           | The cost of labor doesn't help either but at Apple scale, US
           | companies would figure it out.
        
             | contingencies wrote:
             | Biotech/medtech is only a shitshow because it's typically
             | small run. If the manufacturers actually committed resource
             | they could achieve any outcome they desire. They are just
             | passing the buck. (Source: Lived in Shenzhen for ages, had
             | US friends managing the manufacturing of US medical
             | devices, visited multiple times large factories producing
             | biomed parts)
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | That was why I had the parenthetical there.
           | 
           | Yeah, it would cost them a boatload and introduce delays. Boo
           | hoo, I feel so bad for them.
        
         | manderley wrote:
         | But that wouldn't vanish the patent issue?
        
           | mission_failed wrote:
           | It is wouldn't, but the ITC ruling is quicker to get than
           | going to court for patent issues.
           | 
           | Which is exactly why Apple uses import bans to screw with
           | competitors importing headphones.
        
         | orenlindsey wrote:
         | Apple can't build a factory to produce Apple Watches before the
         | entire situation would be resolved. And if they could, it would
         | be much more expensive to run compared to making it in Vietnam
         | (where they make it now).
         | 
         | It would just be a stopgap solution.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | I don't think anyone is _seriously_ considering that, I think
           | the broader point is that by outsourcing and being a tad
           | greedy they have shot themselves in the foot inadvertently.
           | 
           | Of course, they'll have run the numbers and the cost of this
           | fiasco is likely many-many orders of magnitude below the
           | savings from using cheap labour.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | it would only be a stopgap if they didn't keep the US plant
           | open.
           | 
           | I'm sure almost every state in the US would offer incentives
           | to locate the plant there.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | In the meantime, retailers like Best Buy can sell units that have
       | already been imported to the US, and Apple can still sell the SE.
       | 
       | I wonder if Apple preemptively imported a ton of watches for
       | resale, to give them some breathing room. I imagine the post-
       | Christmas period is relatively slow, and they'll likely refresh
       | the watches in May. Would it be possible for them to stuff the
       | resale channels with 3 months of inventory, and then just move to
       | a new generation of watches at WWDC?
        
         | riley_dog wrote:
         | Why May? They were just introduced in September.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | I was thinking that was the soonest event at which they
           | regularly announce new products. They probably weren't
           | intending to revamp for a year, but under the circumstances
           | they'll probably update sooner (or settle).
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | Every time I read about This I am gobsmacked by just how big a
       | cavalier blunder this is for apple.
       | 
       | Who on gods earth at Cupertino thought the pittance you could
       | save from sherlocking would somehow be more than the revenue from
       | a new iPhone in 2023?
       | 
       | Now you've either got to pay the license or buy the damn company.
       | And you STILL had to admit to wrongdoing in front of the ITC and
       | the world. Any acquisition you seek from now on is going to be a
       | pretty cold reception if anyone cares at all to entertain it.
       | 
       | I wager masimo will license this technology out to every
       | competitor apple has until cooks pushing daisies and then open
       | source it out of spite...or at least thats what I'd do ;)
        
         | kshacker wrote:
         | Or you can win the patent lawsuit and invalidate the patent !!
        
       | hindsightbias wrote:
       | The hubris here isn't simply about patents, it's about entering
       | the medical devices field. Apple has rolled over a million
       | patents probably.
       | 
       | But the medical industry has lawyers as good as yours and
       | bottomless pockets.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | I've seen tons of articles/posts about this recently, but does
       | anyone have any links to any good articles that describe the
       | patent(s) in question, and what the arguments are about (a)
       | whether this patent is truly novel (I've heard tons of "pulse
       | oximetry is decades old" arguments, but nothing about the
       | specifics of these patents) and (b) whether Apple is or isn't
       | infringing on the specific details?
       | 
       | I'm sure this kind of analysis must be out there, but I searched
       | through a couple of posts and lots of comment threads and
       | primarily saw a lot of conjecture but no actual references to
       | what was really under debate.
        
         | jjcm wrote:
         | I too would be curious. That said, it's worth noting here that
         | Masimo[0] is an actual company that produces pulse oximetry
         | devices, not a patent troll.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.masimo.com/
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Apple appeals US ban on Apple Watch_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38773177 - Dec 2023 (83
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple is officially no longer selling the newest Apple Watch in
       | America_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38771436 - Dec
       | 2023 (108 comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple to Halt Watch Sales as It Prepares to Comply with U.S.
       | Import Ban_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684156 - Dec
       | 2023 (14 comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple to halt Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 sales in the US
       | this week_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38682631 - Dec
       | 2023 (482 comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple Watch violates patents held by Orange Co. tech company,
       | ITC finds_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38059668 - Oct
       | 2023 (104 comments)
       | 
       |  _Apple Faces Potential Watch Import Ban After Federal Trade
       | Ruling_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38034964 - Oct
       | 2023 (46 comments)
        
       | gumballindie wrote:
       | I am worried, but not for apple. I am worried for those poor
       | souls so fixated on apple's products that they may not even try
       | using a competing product. What will they do now? Where will they
       | shop and consume? There will be no presents with the apple logo,
       | nothing to post about on linkedin, nothing to be proud of,
       | nothing to wear to show the world the product they love and
       | crave. What if Tesla is next? Or openai? What if they will all he
       | crushed by patent holders, or rent seekers. Truly there must be
       | something we can do. Abolish patents maybe? Civil war? UBI? Musk
       | and Tim save us. Or since this is due to "President Joe Biden's
       | administration refused" maybe Trump will provide relief. Remains
       | to be seen whom the hungry, angry, frightened, masses of
       | consumers will chose as their leader to free them from the burden
       | of small businesses oppressing corporations with their vicious
       | patents.
        
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