[HN Gopher] Ask yourself dumb questions and answer them (2020)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ask yourself dumb questions and answer them (2020)
        
       Author : vector_spaces
       Score  : 201 points
       Date   : 2023-12-23 23:50 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (terrytao.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (terrytao.wordpress.com)
        
       | vegetablepotpie wrote:
       | One of the things that separates ordinary people from smarter
       | people is the topic of this article, the ability to imagine new
       | concepts, questions, ideas. Colloquially we call this
       | _creativity_ , and it stems from a large degree of playfulness
       | and enjoyment of the subject at hand.
       | 
       | What separates geniuses from the crazies is the ability to test
       | those ideas and the humility to dismiss the ones that do not
       | work. It's that combination that makes a great thinker.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | Ooh, please define "ordinary" as opposed to "smarter".
         | 
         | The article is about not artificially constraining your
         | thoughts when considering a problem. Mathematics and by
         | extension - mathematicians - are famous for looking kindly on a
         | line of enquiry that subsequently turned out to be wrong.
         | 
         | To be fair to mathematicians: Anyone can trot out any sort of
         | bollocks and call it maths, rather cheaply, by jotting down
         | some vaguely plausible looking ramblings on paper. If you try
         | to fiddle up, say: cold fusion, you have to at least persuade
         | your readers on archive that you have found the open end of a
         | test tube and work on from there!
         | 
         | There is a damn good reason why scientists, mathematicians and
         | everyone else who works via publishing papers (for want of a
         | better inclusive term) are rather dismissive of "dumb
         | questions". Rather often the question ... is dumb. I hate that
         | term and being British, I prefer: "stupid".
         | 
         | This is all about "thinking outside of the box", which is nice
         | until you note how people get treated for doing exactly that. I
         | suggest you keep your thoughts inside your head when you are
         | thinking outside of it! Once you have your thoughts all lined
         | up and you are not wearing your underwear on your head and have
         | stopped dribbling, you might be in a good place to deliver your
         | pontifications.
         | 
         | Your mother may well have given you the advice: "think before
         | you speak" - she was a wise woman. She probably doesn't blog
         | about it.
        
           | justanotherjoe wrote:
           | I once thought like this. Still do. But I had known one guy
           | who didn't seem to exercise any limit in thinking stupid
           | questions. He was like the antichrist to me, everything i
           | hate. But he said some things that i still remember today
           | cause it's just pure genius, that perfectly encapsulates the
           | reality in so little words. And there's some sick natural
           | barriers that prevent 'normal' people from knowing them,
           | cause the language, while precise, also sounds dumb. But it's
           | really not.
        
             | cookie_monsta wrote:
             | Hmm, I would like to hear an example of one of the
             | Antichrist's thoughts
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The Eurasian region must (bleh)* be engaged in protracted
               | war to ensure that the populace is distracted from the
               | Omicron program.
               | 
               | * Frog emerges from mouth
        
               | justanotherjoe wrote:
               | i'm kinda hesitant to say most of them. Like I said, they
               | sound silly and reductive at first. And none of them is
               | exactly what people here will find interesting. One thing
               | he said that a game becomes engaging when 'things that
               | were once hard, is now easy'. I like the formulation
               | cause it works on just right abstraction level. It lends
               | to many interpretation and it works as long as the 'rule'
               | is satisfied. And I've obsessed over it and just how true
               | it is. Another thing he said that fantasy is about 'sky
               | upon sky'. Which is one of the more abstract things he
               | said. I swear I was fuming when he said it with such
               | elation as if he's discovering electricity. The refusal
               | to elaborate was also infuriating, as if I was supposed
               | to understand what he meant. And I did, eventually. The
               | abstraction works perfectly, at least for me...
        
           | zmgsabst wrote:
           | I think a lot of the (over)reaction to "dumb" questions is
           | that people of average capability can't explain the
           | conventional wisdom, and therefore feel an ego threat when
           | it's questioned.
           | 
           | To quote the point:
           | 
           | > So one should be unafraid to ask "stupid" questions,
           | challenging conventional wisdom on a subject; the answers to
           | these questions will occasionally lead to a surprising
           | conclusion, but more often will simply tell you why the
           | conventional wisdom is there in the first place, which is
           | well worth knowing.
           | 
           | I'm always amazed at how many people _insist_ the world is
           | round, but can't explain how we know that. Or explain the
           | experiments you can see yourself, eg pendulums or round
           | pools.
        
             | gwervc wrote:
             | > I'm always amazed at how many people insist the world is
             | round, but can't explain how we know that.
             | 
             | I've played a few times this game with people on a topic
             | that generates strong feelings (climate change) enough to
             | keep play for awhile, and I have yet to find someone going
             | further than "scientists say". Each person wasn't able to
             | cite a single name of a scientist or paper.
             | 
             | In general there is a lot of assumed "knowledge" about
             | everything everywhere and it's better not asking questions
             | because it can make people really angry.
        
               | feoren wrote:
               | > a single name of a scientist or paper
               | 
               | Unlike philosophy or religion, science does not rest on
               | the laurels of one accomplished prophet. The idea that
               | something is only true if it comes out of the words of a
               | famous scientist is antithetical to science. Compare the
               | temperature of the inside of your car to the outside on a
               | hot sunny day if you want an example of the greenhouse
               | effect.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | scientific conclusions rest on specific arguments in
               | specific papers by specific people, including specific
               | evidence. the people don't have to be famous or prophets;
               | they just have to provide evidence
               | 
               | but it is the antithesis of science to repeat that
               | 'scientists say' something without knowing _which_
               | scientists say them and why. it 's just as easily used to
               | support false statements as true ones; for example,
               | climate change deniers often say that scientists say we
               | are in more danger of global cooling, or that scientists
               | say that volcanic emissions of carbon dioxide vastly
               | exceed anthropogenic emissions
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _but it is the antithesis of science to repeat that
               | 'scientists say' something without knowing which
               | scientists say them and why_
               | 
               | There are a few issues mixed up in this.
               | 
               | First, we all hold core beliefs about the world that we
               | can't justify from first hand experience. Many of those
               | beliefs boil down to "scientists say", but they've been
               | in the public consciousness for long enough that the
               | beliefs no longer evoke deference to scientific figures,
               | e.g. very few people believe the earth is flat, but would
               | not be able to tell you why, or who was involved in
               | proving this.
               | 
               | While climate change deniers may pull the "scientists
               | say" card, and while I think it's worth being extra wary
               | of claims that falsely invoke science, I think that this
               | kind of science denialism is orthogonal to the ongoing
               | practice/reality of "trusting science", which is
               | something that most people must do for practical reasons.
               | 
               | Put another way, most of us have to "trust the science",
               | mostly blindly, and there's very little we can do about
               | that. Helping people discern who they should trust seems
               | like the most important area of focus.
        
               | maksimur wrote:
               | I'd say their reaction depends mostly on how you approach
               | them and the discussion. People generally have more
               | pressing issues in their life and prefer delegating them
               | to recognised authorities.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | naturally, but obviously _argumentum ad verecundiam_ is
               | the opposite of science
        
               | maksimur wrote:
               | It's indeed the opposite of science, but the average
               | person doesn't have the time, patience or energy to be
               | doing science. Thus the need to put the trust on people
               | that do because they're often right. If anything, when
               | you see them appealing to the wrong or vague authority,
               | you could provide better options or become one yourself.
        
               | blackbear_ wrote:
               | > someone going further than "scientists say"
               | 
               | What does "going further" mean here, what kind of answer
               | would make you happy?
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | literally the next sentence in the comment you're
               | replying to, after the one you quoted, is an implicit
               | answer to that question:
               | 
               | > _Each person wasn 't able to cite a single name of a
               | scientist or paper._
        
               | blackbear_ wrote:
               | I really hoped that there was something more substantial
               | than name-dropping before dismissing people's opinions.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | Are people's opinions being dismissed here?
               | 
               | I find it unsurprising that many people have no direct
               | awareness of the underlying science behind basic things.
               | That lack of awareness is not an indictment of the
               | science or even the unaware person. Most of us know
               | almost nothing about the world around us relatively
               | speaking. We behave as if we know, but for the most part
               | we're just repeating/perpetuating beliefs embedded by the
               | current iteration of culture. Direct knowledge is
               | increasingly rare.
        
               | blackbear_ wrote:
               | Yes I completely agree with you. I just don't think that
               | knowing scientists names is a good proxy for having
               | direct knowledge, as the post I originally replied to
               | seemed to imply.
        
             | feoren wrote:
             | Everyone can explain how we know that. The base of ships
             | disappear before the mast from far away. You can see the
             | tops of skyscrapers, but not the bottom, from the right
             | distance across a body of water. We have photos and video
             | of the Earth. We've flown in planes. We can call up people
             | in different latitudes and compare lengths of shadows or
             | positions of the sun and stars.
             | 
             | I'm guessing when you say they "can't explain how we know
             | that", you're discounting photo and video evidence that
             | they've seen; you're discounting the flight trajectory maps
             | they see on planes; you're discounting the nature shows and
             | documentaries they've watched; you're discounting the fact
             | that any other explanation makes no fucking sense; you're
             | discounting the history they learned about Magellan.
             | There's no reason to say that none of that is evidence.
             | They're not blindly following like sheep, they have an
             | enormous body of evidence in front of them and there is no
             | counter-evidence. Stop acting like they're stupid.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I haven't tried asking many people that, have you? I
               | wouldn't be surprised if there was a noticeable
               | population for whom that sort of example just didn't come
               | to mind. I don't think they are stupid, we're just
               | naturally lazy about essentially meaningless questions
               | that everybody knows the answer to already, in general.
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | You can't prove to us that "everyone" understands a thing
               | simply by demonstrating that you understand that thing.
        
         | soundarana wrote:
         | Crazies say they validate and test their idea, but they
         | actually suffer from severe confirmation bias where they
         | summarily dismiss any counterexample or problem.
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | "Crazies"
           | 
           | Would you be able to spot a Ramanujan from the dross?
           | 
           | You say that "they" ... something ... but ... they ...
           | something ... disagree with the world. Care to flesh this out
           | with an anonymised example?
        
             | swagmoney1606 wrote:
             | > Would you be able to spot a Ramanujan from the dross?
             | 
             | Yes. We would do this by analyzing their arguments for
             | logical errors, then testing their new theory, then
             | hopefully proving their new theory. The difference between
             | a crazy and genius is the results their new ideas produce.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Ideas are cheap and proof is expensive. It's impossible
               | to give all ideas equal consideration. You have to apply
               | a filter, it's inevitable. The question is just what
               | filter you apply.
        
               | l33t7332273 wrote:
               | In math, proof is not generally so expensive, so perhaps
               | Ramanujan was not the best example.
        
               | penteract wrote:
               | Ramanujan was missed by at least one maths professor.
               | Also, there are mathematical proofs such as that of
               | Fermat's last theorem, or the claimed proof of the abc
               | conjecture by Shinichi Mochizuki for which verification
               | is very difficult.
               | 
               | I'll agree that the costs don't come close to replicating
               | work by LIGO or CERN.
        
               | Tainnor wrote:
               | There's a difference between a flawed proof (e.g. Wiles's
               | original proof of FLT which was found to contain a gap)
               | and outright crankery, though. There are more
               | mathematical cranks than most people would think, and
               | their arguments usually fall apart rather easily.
        
               | syndicatedjelly wrote:
               | I don't think you appreciate how crazy Ramanujan was in
               | his time. While he was somewhat appreciated in India (not
               | at any high level though), when he reached out to
               | professors in the UK, the first several thought he had no
               | ability to become a mathematician. They were used to
               | seeing mathematical proofs, and Ramanujan not providing
               | any made him appear fraudulent. The only one who
               | understood his brilliance was G.H. Hardy, also considered
               | an eccentric by his peers.
               | 
               | In Ramanujan's words, "an equation for me has no meaning
               | unless it expresses a thought of God". In mathematician
               | circles of the early 20th century, this was an obscene
               | statement. Even today, can you imagine a researcher in
               | any field saying something like that, and being taken
               | seriously?
               | 
               | Yet Ramanujan is probably one of the greatest
               | mathematicians of all time. In Hardy's word, he had
               | "never met his equal, and can compare [Ramanujan] only
               | with Euler or Jacobi".
               | 
               | To think that "we" (whoever you mean by that) can
               | recognize sheer talent of Ramanujan's type is, frankly,
               | arrogant. If anything, the ivory towers are even more
               | enclosed - research is more and more about the quantity
               | of publications, not about the quality of ideas. A recent
               | Nobel Laureate stated that if he had not received the
               | Nobel Prize, his university would have probably fired
               | him, for lack of a consistent publication record.
               | 
               | So no, I don't agree with your statement. While the
               | scientific method you describe for approaching nature has
               | worked tremendously well for understanding the world, it
               | still completely fails to capture the core of what it is
               | that makes a person a true genius.
        
               | soundarana wrote:
               | For one Ramanujan you have 1000 cranks.
        
               | keeganpoppen wrote:
               | 1,000,000 cranks
        
               | syndicatedjelly wrote:
               | Which only proves the point further - Hardy could have
               | easily selected one of the other 999 cranks, yet by some
               | intuition he knew that Ramanujan was the real deal.
               | After seeing Ramanujan's theorems on continued fractions
               | on the last page of the manuscripts, Hardy said the
               | theorems "defeated me completely; I had never seen
               | anything in the least like them before", and that they
               | "must be true, because, if they were not true, no one
               | would have the imagination to invent them".
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan#Contact
               | ing...
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | _Would you be able to spot a Ramanujan from the dross?_
             | 
             | yes, because math has a logical flow and rules, and most
             | errors would be noticed
        
               | kevindamm wrote:
               | Would you, though? Ramanujan famously left out his proofs
               | quite often, relying on his intuition which was
               | especially phenomenal. Many accomplished mathematicians
               | did not see his genius for what it is and it took the
               | support of Hardy to really further Ramanujan's career and
               | accomplishments.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | yes, but it depends on the field. ramanujan had the great
             | advantage of working in a field where ideas can be tested
             | with pencil and paper. if you show a purported ramanujan a
             | lacuna in his proof, or if you can't find one, that's
             | pretty good evidence
             | 
             | it's much harder to skim the dross off a leonardo, to
             | correct your mixed metaphor, because siege engines and
             | flying machines require empirical testing, and that's
             | expensive. within the hypothetico-deductive method you can
             | tell whether someone's logic is incorrect (just as with
             | ramanujan) but if they're proposing a different
             | hypothetical basis, you often have to test it empirically
             | 
             | often you can proceed from their proposed hypotheses to
             | obviously empirically false conclusions. but historically
             | that hasn't been an especially good guide; in the 19th
             | century kelvin proved that the sun was younger than the
             | earth, demonstrating that something was wrong with his
             | hypothetico-deductive framework, but it took quite a while
             | to figure out what. and today relativity and quantum
             | mechanics are widely considered irreconcilable
        
         | FPGAhacker wrote:
         | > One of the things that separates ordinary people from smarter
         | people is the topic of this article, the ability to imagine new
         | concepts, questions, ideas. Colloquially we call this
         | _creativity_ , and it stems from a large degree of playfulness
         | and enjoyment of the subject at hand.
         | 
         | Pretty sure we call that imagination. Creativity, shockingly
         | enough, involves creation, not just imagination.
        
           | mym1990 wrote:
           | You can creatively destroy things as well. It's kind of
           | pedantic to say that creating in the mind does not count as
           | "creating", just imagining. What about solving abstract
           | problems?
        
           | phito wrote:
           | What's the difference? OP could have said "create new
           | concepts, questions and ideas" and it would be exactly the
           | same
        
         | p1necone wrote:
         | One bit of advice for problem solving that I've taken to heart
         | and find very effective is to not shy away from trying
         | solutions you'd be embarrassed to tell other people because
         | they'd probably think you were crazy/an idiot. Sometimes that
         | direction is where the truly effective stuff is. Of course you
         | should _also_ try the obvious, simple,  "normal" solutions -
         | but don't be afraid to experiment.
         | 
         | A bit like "write drunk, edit sober" but instead of drunk,
         | you're a raving lunatic.
        
           | broscillator wrote:
           | Man, I think feeling _crazy_ for trying stuff even when
           | completely alone, is something not enough people talk about.
           | It 's clear when you do it that most artists and creatively
           | successful people have done it and gotten over it, but it's
           | like something that you actually don't hear about or maybe
           | don't register until you start doing it, and do it enough to
           | get used to the feeling and carry on with whatever you were
           | thinking of.
        
           | mock-possum wrote:
           | The way I frame this for myself is - just get the stupid
           | solutions out of the way first. Do them so you can see how
           | dumb they are, and move on to the better ones.
           | 
           | And that comes with the proviso that sometimes, the stupid
           | solution is actually just fine, and you didn't even need to
           | make it so complicated.
        
           | hackerlight wrote:
           | General research advice: I would also go in with the mindset
           | "I am trying to disprove this approach as quickly as
           | possible". This allows you to iterate quickly across
           | hypotheses and not get dogmatically fixated on one approach.
           | Cast the net wide in the initial search, including both
           | normal and crazy solutions, then measure what approach is
           | working, and then narrow the search based on that, learning
           | lessons along the way. Don't start with a narrow search.
           | Also, be sure that the different approaches you're trying are
           | uncorrelated and ideally thematically/qualitatively
           | different. Many researchers get tripped up trying "different"
           | things that are really just superficial iterations of the
           | same core concept.
        
             | Obscurity4340 wrote:
             | Is this sort of that Warren Buffet negative problem solving
             | thing or are is it just like stochastic trial and error. It
             | sounds similar in spirit if not in exact form
        
           | hyperthesis wrote:
           | Even being around other people can conform your thoughts to
           | normal terms: get them back "on track", where your only
           | choices are which track, which direction. It's not just the
           | thoughts, but the terms, the dimensions.
           | 
           | I think a most fragile stage is when you've _part-imagined_ a
           | new track, and unclear if it 's a good idea, if it works,
           | even what it is. This can collapse like a house of card in
           | the lightest breeze, a dream upon waking.
           | 
           | Human beings are automatically conformist - crucial for
           | learning, language, custom, law, cooperation and trade, from
           | the beginning - so it's good we need special circumstances
           | for "creativity".
        
           | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
           | I try to go one step further and _only_ talk publicly about
           | solutions I 've tried that make me look like an idiot. But
           | that's because my main motivation in speaking to others is to
           | entertain, not to impress :)
        
             | Obscurity4340 wrote:
             | You are my people XD
        
           | Obscurity4340 wrote:
           | This is actually something I discovered when I had a mountain
           | of dishes and it had me down for months.
           | 
           | One day, I thought, I don't even want all this crap, I would
           | rather just have one of each essential "form" (large spoon,
           | large fork, cup, plate, etc) and I certainly can't get them
           | washed. So I grabbed a garbage bag and gently placed
           | everything in (clearing the sink) and disposed of the weight.
           | 
           | Haven't had a problem since and I live much more peacefully
           | and unburdened by all that.
        
       | jmbwell wrote:
       | Related tangentially perhaps, but I find this to be a
       | particularly helpful application of things like ChatGPT. Instead
       | of asking it to give me the answer, I tell it what I'm trying to
       | do and ask it to ask me questions about it. It's great for
       | gathering thoughts for writing, and I've been using it a little
       | to try to help me think through software problems more quickly.
       | 
       | It's very good at asking "dumb" (ew) or at least simple,
       | building-block questions, and it almost always ends up asking me
       | about something I hadn't considered that ends up contributing to
       | what I'd have done without the machine. It's also kind of fun.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | Good skills! Never thought of that, nor seen anyone else
         | espousing it.
        
         | sebg wrote:
         | Do you have a simple example prompt set? I am having trouble
         | figuring out how to try it on my own? Thanks!
        
           | jmbwell wrote:
           | Just something like, "I need to write an abstract for a
           | presentation about XYZ. It need to this that and the other
           | thing. Ask me questions about it."
           | 
           | Or
           | 
           | "I have this data in this format and I need to write a
           | program to transmit it using this system to an another system
           | that accepts this format. I'm using Python. Ask me questions
           | to help me figure out an approach."
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | Even more productive: ask yourself, is this really the best way
       | to accomplish this? Why are we doing it this way? Is the standard
       | solution bound by some constraint that was valid in its time but
       | can now be discharged?
       | 
       | My canonical example for this is standard mathematical notation,
       | which was invented before computers and optimized for quill pens
       | and chalk boards. How much leverage could you get by discarding
       | it and starting over with something a computer can more easily
       | process, like, say, s-expressions?
       | 
       | Or... most programming languages use ascii for their standard
       | syntax but nowadays we have unicode. How much leverage can you
       | get by using more non-ascii characters, like, say, <<balanced
       | quotation marks>>?
        
         | constantly wrote:
         | This is awesome. Glad we can improve on the "thought
         | leadership" of theoretical people like Terrance Tao with some
         | real titans' advice like yours (I see you were a software
         | engineer at Google!!!). Thanks for sharing.
        
           | electrondood wrote:
           | Dropped the /s
        
             | constantly wrote:
             | Yeah, true. I was being subtle. This narcissist is framing
             | things as "even better" in comparison to someone who is
             | likely, literally, the most intelligent person currently
             | alive.
        
               | Tainnor wrote:
               | There is at least one person commenting that mathematical
               | notation is stupid in every maths submission on HN, and
               | the author usually never gives any indication as to
               | having made any contributions towards mathematical
               | research. It's an inevitability at this point.
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | Dude, it was just a suggestion. Lighten up.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | i'm interested to hear what you think of _structure and
         | interpretation of classical mechanics_
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | I thought it had a noble goal but it fell far short of the
           | mark. I see at least two big problems with it.
           | 
           | First, their notation is a definite improvement on
           | traditional notation in that it can in principle be
           | translated into s-expressions and thus at least potentially
           | avoids the ambiguity of traditional notation. However, it
           | still _looks_ like traditional notation and so it still
           | inherits many of the problems of that notation, not least of
           | which is that parsing it is really hard, even for humans. The
           | fact that all of the formulas in the on-line version of the
           | book are rendered as gifs is symptomatic of this. If you want
           | to actually follow the program of the book and run the code
           | that corresponds to the formulas, you have to render the
           | formulas into Scheme by hand. Well, OK, you could just use
           | the on-line code, but that 's cheating. The _whole point_ (or
           | at least a big part of the point) of the notation was
           | supposed to be that mapping it onto s-expressions was
           | supposed to be simple, and it 's not.
           | 
           | Second, and much more seriously, they don't actually follow
           | their own rules. Look at equation 1.1. I can't reproduce it
           | here because it's a gif, but I can reproduce a reasonable
           | facsimile of some of the following explanatory text, which
           | goes:
           | 
           | ... where F[gamma] is a function of time ...
           | 
           | The problem is that F[anything] is not the notation for a
           | function. Functions are denoted simply by letters, and the
           | values of functions are denoted by juxtaposing the name of
           | the function with a list of arguments delimited by parens
           | (which overloads the meaning of parens because they also
           | denote up-tuples, but we'll let that slide). So F is a
           | function, but F[gamma] is not, it is ... what? A function
           | juxtaposed with a 1-element down-tuple?
           | 
           | If you look carefully, you will notice a footnote that kinda
           | sorta explains this:
           | 
           | "Traditionally, square brackets are put around functional
           | arguments. In this case, the square brackets remind us that
           | the value of may depend on the function in complicated ways,
           | such as through its derivatives."
           | 
           | So they very carefully describe a precise notation, and then
           | in the very first equation in the book they abandon that
           | notation and use a completely different notation that
           | indicates that something _may_ depend on something else in
           | unspecified but potentially complicated ways. Worse, it now
           | adds even more ambiguity to the notation, because now both
           | parens and square brackets are ambiguous with respect to
           | whether they are denoting function arguments or up /down
           | tuples. So we've already run off the rails before we've even
           | begun.
           | 
           | I give it an A for effort, a D- for execution.
        
         | Tainnor wrote:
         | Most mathematics isn't written for computers, but for humans,
         | so that's why mathematical notation is optimised for that use
         | case.
         | 
         | If you want to write mathematics for computers, you can use
         | Coq, Lean, etc. - or, in a different direction, Mathematica.
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > Most mathematics isn't written for computers
           | 
           | I beg to differ. A lot of mathematics is written in LaTeX
           | which is written for computers to render into traditional
           | notation. No one uses LaTeX directly because it has a
           | horrific syntax, but it doesn't have to be that way. There is
           | no reason why one could not invent a notation that didn't
           | require complex rendering. Programming languages are an
           | existence proof.
        
             | Tainnor wrote:
             | That is not what I mean by "for humans". Also, LaTeX !=
             | mathematical notation.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | What did you mean then? (And it's true that LaTeX is not
               | equal to mathematical notation, but it does contain a
               | mathematical notation as a subset.)
        
               | Tainnor wrote:
               | Mathematical papers, textbooks, lecture notes, in-person
               | and video lectures, etc. are produced and consumed by
               | humans and not computers.
        
       | tkgally wrote:
       | > It's also acceptable, when listening to a seminar, to ask
       | "dumb" but constructive questions to help clarify some basic
       | issue in the talk.
       | 
       | I think this is one of the reasons I hit a wall in my study of
       | mathematics forty-five years ago. In the master's program I was
       | enrolled in, the students never asked questions during class. The
       | teachers would probably have welcomed questions, but the culture
       | among the graduate students was never to show ignorance by
       | asking. The result was that I often got lost in the lectures, was
       | unable to catch up by studying the material on my own outside of
       | class, and never became a mathematician.
        
         | hasoleju wrote:
         | Somewhere between college and university I also lost my courage
         | to ask "dump questions". Maybe it was for the same reason you
         | mentioned. I don't want to look ignorant. I'm trying to get
         | that ability back in my work life. I have the attitude asking
         | dump questions and getting the answer helps yourself and most
         | likely everyone else in the room. So don't feel ashamed of
         | asking in the first place.
        
       | ipsin wrote:
       | Is this different from Rubber Duck Debugging?
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | > _if a simple result is usually proven by method X, you can ask
       | whether it can be proven by method Y instead_
       | 
       | in particular, see
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_Made_Difficult
       | 
       | (one of the distinguishing features of a good hack is that it
       | leaves the Sherpas behind and takes a different --usually more
       | direct-- route to the solution than the siege approach that
       | Conway's-Law-compliant enterprise team(s) would take)
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | Another useful technique in understanding a topic is to find is
       | to simple (but nontrivial) examples and make sure one can solve
       | them fully and easily.
       | 
       | Then slowly add complexity from that example to gain insight to
       | more challenging cases.
        
       | balaji1 wrote:
       | Answering popular questions like the "contrarian question" Thiel
       | poses is a good exercise. Flesh out the answers to a degree you
       | would feel good presenting it in an interview.
        
       | ironmagma wrote:
       | To me the existence of this post is particularly relevant given
       | the contemporary context:
       | https://twitter.com/StefanFSchubert/status/17383270562391696...
        
       | hervature wrote:
       | I think most people commenting in this thread are reading the
       | headline and/or reading the article as outside the context of
       | mathematics. This is Terry Tao's blog and not a VC's microblog.
       | The very first block of text is a quote from "I want to be a
       | mathematician". He is purely talking about how to approach
       | mathematics at a level sufficiently close to the frontier. What
       | he is saying is that when you are taught something like
       | optimization theory, the definition of convexity is presented to
       | you in the first lecture. A "stupid" question to ask is what
       | makes convex functions special. After thinking a lot about this
       | question, I've come to the conclusion that convex functions are
       | functions that are trivial to optimize but the converse is not
       | true. Not all function that are trivial to optimize are convex
       | functions. There are then plenty of questions like which other
       | classes are easy to optimize. In Terry's words, "the answers to
       | these questions will occasionally lead to a surprising
       | conclusion, but more often will simply tell you why the
       | conventional wisdom is there in the first place, which is well
       | worth knowing.". Another example I ran into was the notion of
       | metric spaces and completeness. It is "stupid" to ask what
       | happens if you get rid of completeness. Stupid because you were
       | just taught completeness for a reason. Trying to understand gives
       | you a whole new appreciation than being presented the formal
       | definition refined over many years.
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | Sounds like "First Principles" thinking for mathematics.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | all of mathematics is first principles thinking, and that's
           | not a brand name
           | 
           | now get your damn car off my lawn
        
           | kdwikzncba wrote:
           | All maths is first principles, without the pretentiousness of
           | using the phrase "first principles".
        
         | creer wrote:
         | And it would be great if a lot of this (why these first
         | principles) was at least mentioned in passing in the teaching.
         | This is not just a question of being close to the frontier but
         | about understanding why and where. Why some precept and where
         | we are on the map. Necessarily in teaching this would be "just
         | in passing" but still useful. Useful in all subjects but all
         | the more so in highly abstract ones.
        
         | kdwikzncba wrote:
         | > I've come to the conclusion that convex functions are
         | functions that are trivial to optimize
         | 
         | I think a lot of maths is created like this. I'm trying to
         | solve problem P in domain D. I couldn't do that, but I've
         | noticed that I could do it in subset D1 of the domain. If
         | problem P was important enough and D1 large enough, I become
         | very famous within mathematics and people start studying D1 by
         | itself, without connection to P. After a generation or more a
         | lot of experts in D1 might not know the original reason why
         | someone decided to study it. Eventually some historians of
         | science re-discover the original motivation and publish it as a
         | curiosity.
        
       | beltsazar wrote:
       | I'd go further to say that if you don't ask to yourself a single
       | question while you're reading a substantial part of a book (a
       | section, a chapter), then you don't really internalize what you
       | think you're learning.
       | 
       | The questions don't need to be answered perfectly, nor they need
       | to be "good" questions. The questions can be general and simple,
       | like:
       | 
       | - Does it have to be this way? Why?
       | 
       | - How is it related/connected to what I've learned previously
       | (last chapter, last year, last decade)? Do I need to unlearn
       | something or adjust my previous mental model?
        
       | zubairq wrote:
       | Very good thought process here... I always try to steel man
       | oppositional arguments of things that I may think are true
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | I have found that many people don't respond well to one asking
       | dumb questions. It can quickly marginalize you in a room of
       | people trying to be the smartest in the room.
        
       | _trampeltier wrote:
       | Once we had a very smart young guy on work. But he always asked
       | things, even if he knew the answer. It was like a sickness,
       | people refused to work with him, because of his many also stupid
       | questions. So I told him he can ask me anything, but he allways
       | has to present at least two ideas to solve the problem. He always
       | came with a possible solution and if I asked him witch solution
       | then the better would be, he always picked the right one. After a
       | very short time he asked much less and it was much more calm to
       | work with him.
        
       | oersted wrote:
       | Could someone recommend a good maths research book that covers
       | the whole messy discovery process, rather than just the end
       | result?
       | 
       | I don't mind in which field, and it's fine if it's quite formal
       | (not looking for pop science). But it would be good if it is
       | relatively self-contained (doesn't require too much prior
       | knowledge, it establishes some foundations and builds from them).
       | 
       | I'm a fan of On Numbers and Games by Conway for instance, and the
       | more literary Surreal Numbers by Knuth (written earlier but
       | inspired by Conway's research before publication).
        
         | ghufran_syed wrote:
         | I don't know if you would classify this as a "maths research
         | book", but it's a wonderful personal and emotional description
         | of the process of math discovery:
         | 
         | Birth of a Theorem - A mathematical adventure by Cedric Villani
         | 
         | https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374536671/birthofatheorem
        
       | spacecadet wrote:
       | Great read. As a past adjunct, you can learn this through your
       | students. No question is a dumb question. I eventually got to a
       | point where I couldn't wait for the "dumbest" question of the
       | session so that we could explore it as a class.
        
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