[HN Gopher] Detecting FTL with LIGO
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       Detecting FTL with LIGO
        
       Author : ggeorgovassilis
       Score  : 24 points
       Date   : 2023-12-23 07:21 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.georgovassilis.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.georgovassilis.com)
        
       | scoot wrote:
       | ELI5: If faster than light travel may theoretically be possible
       | because the universe is expanding, isn't that relative to your
       | origin, rather than your destination, which is also moving? Ergo,
       | you aren't getting there any more quickly...
       | 
       | And wouldn't light then also be travelling "faster than light"?
        
         | ggeorgovassilis wrote:
         | > isn't that relative to your origin
         | 
         | It applies to the universal scale, I'm not sure how more
         | absolute it gets. Every observer regardless of frame observes
         | that the expansion is faster than c.
         | 
         | > And wouldn't light then also be travelling "faster than
         | light"?
         | 
         | Space on light's path also inflates, so in terms of units of
         | space travelled per unit of time nothing changes.
        
       | pavel_lishin wrote:
       | > _FTL should be possible because the universe expands [EXP] at
       | speeds greater than that of light._
       | 
       | I wish the article justified this statement, without just stating
       | it and moving on. Expansion means that two points in space can be
       | moving apart at greater than the speed of light - but that's not
       | the same thing as traveling faster than the speed of light.
       | 
       | > _What we do know, however, is that a warp trip between A and B
       | starts with a mass instantly disappearing from point A and
       | appearing sometimes later at point B._
       | 
       | This is also stated boldly, without any explanation of why this
       | must be the truth. It sounds like a description of teleportation,
       | which doesn't have to be an FTL phenomenon; and it doesn't
       | explain why FTL would look like teleportation to an observer
       | watching gravitational waves.
        
         | ggeorgovassilis wrote:
         | Some of your observations are good, for those I thank you, and
         | revised the post accordingly.
         | 
         | > I wish the article justified this statement
         | 
         | Your wish has been granted. Also, it's in the referenced
         | Wikipedia article: "galaxies that are farther than the Hubble
         | radius, approximately 4.5 gigaparsecs or 14.7 billion light-
         | years, away from us have a recession speed that is faster than
         | the speed of light".
         | 
         | > that's not the same thing as traveling faster than the speed
         | of light.
         | 
         | The mechanism seems different, so indeed not the same thing,
         | but the result seems to be the same.
         | 
         | > it doesn't explain why FTL would look like teleportation
         | 
         | The proposed detection method is agnostic towards what happens
         | during the trip, it focusses on detecting the initial and
         | terminal event - a mass disappearing (rapidly) from one point
         | and re-appearing (rapidly) at another. That probably wouldn't
         | work if FTL travel produces significant gravitational
         | distortions, in which case we're lucky because that would stick
         | out as a signal. It also wouldn't work if the FTL drive
         | involves long phases of acceleration and deceleration.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | > _the result seems to be the same._
           | 
           | I don't ... think that's true, but I'd have to think about
           | this some more. The distance between two objects increasing
           | at a speed greater than light is not the same thing as an
           | object _traveling_ - that is, traversing space - faster than
           | the speed of light.
           | 
           | To put it more specifically, the expansion of space doesn't
           | help whatsoever get you from Point of Interest A to Point of
           | Interest B faster than light can get there. (If you can
           | _compress_ space - the Alcubierre drive has been mentioned -
           | then that may not be true, but that 's not the same thing as
           | the expansion of space, I don't think.)
           | 
           | > _it focusses on detecting the initial and terminal event -
           | a mass disappearing (rapidly) from one point and re-appearing
           | (rapidly) at another._
           | 
           | I'm still not convinced that this is what FTL travel would
           | look like to an external observer. I don't think you've done
           | enough to justify this assertion.
        
             | ggeorgovassilis wrote:
             | > I'm still not convinced that this is what FTL travel
             | would look like to an external observer.
             | 
             | I'm not either, I'm saying that if that's the case, there
             | is an easy way to find out.
             | 
             | > I don't think you've done enough to justify this
             | assertion.
             | 
             | Again, speculation, not assertion. The proposed detection
             | mechanism works only in the described case.
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | Yeah. Expanding space behind you may effectively allow you
             | to recede from the origin point at arbitrary speeds but
             | that doesn't imply you'll get any closer to your
             | destination.
             | 
             | Unless you're also able to compress the space ahead of you
             | (which is what an alcubierre drive would do).
             | 
             | You wouldn't be moving through space at all. Your
             | destination would be closer. Arbitrarily closer. Eventually
             | you'll then just reach the destination as if you moved.
             | 
             | Now, I'm quite skeptical about the whole idea but I have to
             | admit I didn't do the math.
             | 
             | Wm
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | >Expansion means that two points in space can be moving apart
         | at greater than the speed of light - but that's not the same
         | thing as traveling faster than the speed of light.
         | 
         | It actually is and that is exactly the mechanism behind the
         | Alcubierre drive mentioned in the post. But that doesn't change
         | the fact that compressing and expanding space on practical
         | scales is an astronomically difficult problem and we don't even
         | have the slightest clue what the gravitational wave signal of
         | the technology would look like. It's also unlikely that we
         | could even measure it for the scenario outlined where mass just
         | disappears and appears, unless these ships have masses of
         | several suns.
        
           | ggeorgovassilis wrote:
           | > It's also unlikely that we could even measure it for the
           | scenario outlined
           | 
           | I understand the LIGO data is available. A skilled data
           | analyst could look at it and tell if it's possible or not. If
           | aliens FTL around our neighbourhood, maybe it does show up?
        
             | sigmoid10 wrote:
             | A skilled data analyst would never even attempt that before
             | having a very strong theoretical model for the kind of
             | signal they are looking for. Otherwise you could end up
             | with countless "discoveries" that in reality are just
             | statistical noise. LIGO's discoveries were only possible
             | because of decades of theoretical research in General
             | Relativity and simulations of black hole dynamics. They
             | already knew precisely what the signal would look like
             | before they ever saw it.
        
               | ggeorgovassilis wrote:
               | > A skilled data analyst would never even attempt that
               | before having a very strong theoretical model
               | 
               | I know for a fact this generalisation to be false
        
               | sigmoid10 wrote:
               | Then I guess we disagree on the definition of "skilled."
               | What I'm trying to say is you definitely won't find
               | something like that published by the LIGO collaboration
               | or other serious astronomers.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Space seems to expand in the absence of anything, and mass
           | and its agent gravity appear to counteract that natural
           | expansion of distance. If this is in fact true, I don't think
           | it's astronomically hard but impossible to directly
           | manipulate space. Space isn't actually a thing to be
           | manipulated, it's a description of the apparent distance
           | between things of reference. The discussion of space warping
           | around mass etc is a convenient metaphor for what we observe,
           | the bowling ball on a blanket doesn't mean there's literally
           | a blanket to be manipulated. It's an effect we observe about
           | relative distances being distorted in the metrics of distance
           | and rate of information propagation. What medium these exist
           | in, if any, is entirely unknown and is most likely non
           | existent but is a description of observed effects, while
           | space and time are simply descriptions of those effects.
        
       | cmsj wrote:
       | > FTL should be possible because the universe expands [EXP] at
       | speeds greater than that of light.
       | 
       | The universe isn't expanding faster than the speed of light, it
       | seems to be expanding everywhere at the same rate. Galaxies
       | beyond a particular distance from us are receding at/above the
       | speed of light only because all of the expansion between us and
       | them stacks up and is pushing them away from us at faster than
       | the speed of light. They are not being pushed through space
       | though, space itself is expanding.
       | 
       | Furthermore, since the speed of light is really more accurately
       | the speed of causality, once these distant objects are receding
       | faster than the speed of light, no further information (which in
       | practice means EM radiation, but in theory means any/all
       | causality) from them can ever reach us. So, I'm not sure how it
       | follows that because universal expansion exists and is being
       | driven by something, it should therefore be possible for us to
       | harness it. The universe seems to be extremely clear that
       | causality is not allowed to happen faster than c.
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | More specifically expansion isn't movement per se, it just
         | appears to be movement. It's actually the expansion of distance
         | between points without energy applied.
         | 
         | There may be a time when expansion makes things appear to move
         | faster than the speed of light away from each other, but that
         | time will mean we can never observe anything and the universe
         | has effectively ripped itself apart. As has been noted this can
         | already be observed at large distances as the expansion
         | accumulating between us and those distant points creates the
         | appearance of faster than light travel. [0]
         | 
         | That happens only in certain situations for certain constant
         | assumptions and certain mathematics and physics assumptions,
         | which can be totally overturned and we are in no way sure
         | expansion is accelerating, slowing, going at the same rate, or
         | even our empirical observations that support expansion aren't
         | caused by some as of now unknown physical process.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_volume
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | > without energy being applied
           | 
           | I'm confused. Why is the cosmological constant then also
           | called dark energy if it's not equivalent to there being some
           | energy in empty space?
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | Not FTL. If an opposite lane sided car passes you at 180 km/h and
       | you are running at 120 km/h, it looks like the gap "widens" at
       | 300 km/h speed.
        
       | poulpy123 wrote:
       | LIRGO and VIRGO are barely able to detect black holes of neutron
       | star merging, it is not going to detect the disapearance or
       | appearance of a small spaceship
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-23 23:03 UTC)