[HN Gopher] Google agrees to pay $700M in antitrust settlement r...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Google agrees to pay $700M in antitrust settlement reached with
       states
        
       Author : DocFeind
       Score  : 144 points
       Date   : 2023-12-19 17:40 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | primatperfctnsm wrote:
       | "Insert coin to continue"
        
         | g-b-r wrote:
         | At least they're forced to (gradually, slowly, after 15 years)
         | make a few improvements though...
        
       | koolba wrote:
       | > Eligible consumers will receive at least $2, according to the
       | settlement, and may get additional payments based on their
       | spending on the Play store between Aug. 16, 2016 and Sept. 30,
       | 2023.
       | 
       | I bet they give it as a play store credit. How else would they
       | actually distribute $2 to so many people without costing a huge
       | percentage of the payout?
       | 
       | > Like Apple does in its iPhone app store, Google collects
       | commissions ranging from 15% to 30% on in-app purchases -- fees
       | that state attorneys general contended drove prices higher than
       | they would have been had there been an open market for payment
       | processing.
       | 
       | The real lesson here is to not let anyone get a foot in the door
       | of your walled garden.
       | 
       | > Google also agreed to make other changes designed to make it
       | even easier for consumers to download and install Android apps
       | from other outlets besides its Play Store for the next five
       | years. It will refrain from issuing as many security warnings, or
       | "scare screens," when alternative choices are being used.
       | 
       | The States that asked for this are idiots. The real world
       | consequence of this won't be improved competition. It will be
       | grandma getting fleeced.
       | 
       | It's not that it should be possible, but making it not "scary" is
       | not a good idea for the reality we live in.
        
         | ehsankia wrote:
         | Right, I think the solution to this, which already exists, is
         | other preinstalled stores, like Samsung or Amazon stores, by
         | OEMs. What should probably be illegal is making deals forcing
         | OEMs to have exclusive app store deals?
         | 
         | That being said, that's also a shitty situation for consumers,
         | as having many or different app stores is confusing and just
         | leads to the very fragmentation people have complain about on
         | Android for a decade.
         | 
         | This is the real duality of the situation. On the one hand,
         | people criticize Android for not being as cohesive an
         | experience as iOS, but on the other hand, anything Google does
         | to make it more cohesive will be seen as anti-competitive. Same
         | with security.
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | > Right, I think the solution to this, which already exists,
           | is other preinstalled stores, like Samsung or Amazon stores,
           | by OEMs. What should probably be illegal is making deals
           | forcing OEMs to have exclusive app store deals?
           | 
           | I have another store on my phone called "Mi Picks", which was
           | preinstalled. I've never used it. Why would I?
           | 
           | The only reason people would ever use another store is if
           | they were forced to, to install a specific app, this is of
           | course the situation on PC where you need to install another
           | store for every game, and this is the only thing that Google
           | made deals to prevent.
        
             | ehsankia wrote:
             | I'm mostly agreeing with you.
             | 
             | Steam definitely has a monopoly of PC gaming, but it's also
             | true that having a single place with all your games and
             | friends is far more convenient. I'm not sure where the
             | right balance is. Are we paying more due to the lack of
             | competition to Valve's 30%? Would more competition be worth
             | the fragmentation? Look at streaming services and the mess
             | that has become. I'm not sure what the answer is.
        
               | georgyo wrote:
               | Steam is a bit of a very special case and I think very
               | different from either Apple or Google stores.
               | 
               | Steam is never part of a platform, except for maybe the
               | steam deck, and even there it lets you very easily
               | replace it.
               | 
               | Steam will install other stores automatically for you.
               | Does the game need EA's origin or what ever the epic
               | store is called? It will install it as part of playing
               | that game. Users will have multiple stores installed and
               | will continue to choose Steam.
               | 
               | In the case of Apple or Google, I'm given a store
               | forcefully. Google let's you jump through hoops to get
               | another store but it isn't easy.
               | 
               | To even get Steam, you as a user have to make a very
               | conscious choice to install it.
               | 
               | Steam is very much the choice of users and even many
               | developers.
               | 
               | Steam is a private company and doesn't seem in the
               | business of ever attempting to screw with or limit users.
               | 
               | Hell, Steams development of wine/pronton is the explicit
               | choice to give users more choice.
               | 
               | Steam maybe an app store, but IMHO it is definitely not
               | ever forcing anyone to do anything, unlike Apple or
               | Google.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | > In the case of Apple or Google, I'm given a store
               | forcefully. Google let's you jump through hoops to get
               | another store but it isn't easy.
               | 
               | Every Samsung and Xiami phone comes with another store.
        
               | georgyo wrote:
               | I think you missed my point. Even if that is the case, it
               | is still another store that the hardware vendor
               | installed. Most likely uninstallable without rooting the
               | device.
               | 
               | Steam does not come preinstalled (except for the steam
               | deck), users choose to install it on platforms they own.
               | 
               | Steam is removable from all platforms with minimum fuss.
               | 
               | Steam can and will install competing app stores.
               | 
               | None of these facts are true on Apple, Google, or other
               | preinstalled mobile app stores.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | > Most likely uninstallable without rooting the device.
               | 
               | You can disable them without rooting your device. I just
               | verified.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > The only reason people would ever use another store is if
             | they were forced to, to install a specific app
             | 
             | Obvious counterexample: The other store charges 4% instead
             | of 15% or 30% and correspondingly the exact same app is
             | cheaper there.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | Steam charges 30% and is completely dominant on PC, and
               | there's competitor that tries to compete by charging 4%.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | It's common to install PC games without an app store at
               | all.
               | 
               | Does the store charging 4% have the same games but for
               | lower prices? Which one would you use if that were the
               | case?
        
             | gear54rus wrote:
             | ...or when this shitty play store decides that something is
             | not available for my device and/or region for some idiotic
             | reason again
        
             | g-b-r wrote:
             | > The only reason people would ever use another store is if
             | they were forced to
             | 
             | ...or if the default store had terms you'd rather do
             | without...
        
           | g-b-r wrote:
           | > anything Google does to make it more cohesive will be seen
           | as anti-competitive..
           | 
           | Sure, anything Google does to make it more cohesive...
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/07/googles-iron-grip-
           | on...
           | 
           | https://www.theverge.com/2011/05/12/google-android-
           | skyhook-l...
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > That being said, that's also a shitty situation for
           | consumers, as having many or different app stores is
           | confusing and just leads to the very fragmentation people
           | have complain about on Android for a decade.
           | 
           | Are people confused because they can choose whether to buy
           | things at Walmart, Target, Amazon or the local convenience
           | store? Is this "fragmentation"? Should we get rid of these
           | others and have only Amazon, so people aren't confused?
           | 
           | It's not really that confusing. You can go to any shady
           | website on the internet and give them your credit card number
           | and find out what happens, but people mostly just buy things
           | from stores they trust -- even though there are many of them.
           | Why is this different?
           | 
           | (Actual reason: Because the incumbents suppress the other
           | stores so none of them gets popular enough to establish a
           | reputation with the public at large.)
        
             | Scion9066 wrote:
             | Because it might not end up being a choice of which store
             | to get things from like your physical goods example. For
             | the larger apps/those from specific publishers it may
             | likely be a choice of: Meta apps only from the Meta Store,
             | Epic Games apps only from the Epic Games store, etc.
             | 
             | And regarding the security aspect: once people expect to
             | download a random app store for every company, they'll be
             | less hesitant to download one that's just malware.
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | The payout I just got from the last Google class action was
         | PayPal or check. I chose PayPal and they mailed me a check.
        
         | wredue wrote:
         | TLDR: Google was exploiting "openness" as a concept while
         | actively not being open. This is a win for openness, not a loss
         | as op asserts.
         | 
         | It's neat that you make this a Google vs apple thing somehow,
         | but the walled garden had very little to do with the lawsuit.
         | 
         | Google was found to be engaging in anti-competitive behaviour.
         | This behaviour is used by at least some consumers to make
         | decisions (being an "open platform"), but which Google was
         | forcibly manipulating behind to scenes to not actually be as
         | open as they were pretending to be.
         | 
         | You can call it just "apple keeping a walled garden" all you
         | like, it doesn't change that Google was attempting to shift
         | market behaviours based on what was demonstrably a lie. For all
         | intents and purposes, Google *was a walled garden*, and
         | comments like yours show that their manipulation worked.
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | The walled garden has everything to do with the lawsuit. This
           | lawsuit would not have happened had Android been a walled
           | garden.
        
             | wredue wrote:
             | Android *is a walled garden*, and that's why they lost.
             | 
             | Google asserts that they are open while actively being
             | closed and anti-competitive.
             | 
             | This is a win for openness. Not a loss.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | Android is open, there is competition otherwise there
               | couldn't be "unfair competition".
        
               | wredue wrote:
               | No. They pretend to be open. They speak out of one side
               | of their mouths and behave from the other.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | My god you can install every app you want on an android
               | phone. It's so absurd to deny this. It's not open because
               | Google doesn't provide a billing service for every would-
               | be app store competitor? Neither does Windows, Mac or
               | Linux.
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | I don't know a ton about this lawsuit but I do know that
               | sideloading was one of the arguments Google made, and
               | they lost.
        
               | twism wrote:
               | aint nobody suing about not being open ... unless Apple
               | would be litigating all day. Google lost wrt that
               | argument because they actually allow side-loading but
               | with a scary warning that the app they are side-loading
               | shouldn't be trusted.
               | 
               | Epic: Waaah! we don't want to pay the app store tax.
               | We'll take Apple and Google to court.
               | 
               | Apple: _Ha_ Non-Starter. Good luck with the app. Walled
               | garden. Closed. We don 't bend for anyone on this hill,
               | etc. your honor. Never have. Never will.
               | 
               | Google: Well we also take a cut if you want to be in our
               | app store (although the rules are a bit more loose than
               | Apples and hush-hush side deals) but we are a open and
               | your users can install the app without going through our
               | app store (side-loading). Although we will show a warning
               | to protect users that what they are installing hasn't
               | gone thru the review/quality/security process the app
               | store provides.
               | 
               | Epic: _Hmm_ See your honor Google is putting up this
               | scary label when we tell the users to install the app in
               | a way that bypasses the Google tax.
               | 
               | Judge: Yeah that does seem unfair. I'm ruling in favor of
               | Epic against what Google is doing. Google stop putting up
               | those scary labels!
               | 
               | Apple Lawyers: _JAJAJAJA_
               | 
               | Google: But but but...
               | 
               | In the end Android is riddled with Malware and the OS is
               | unusable because some app installed from a website not
               | vetted by the review process is hogging all the resources
               | or stealing bank info.
               | 
               | "Android is the worst!"
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Note: this lawsuit is actually different from the epic
               | lawsuit. This lawsuit was brought by several states.
        
               | gerash wrote:
               | What do you think all these point-of-sale devices (eg.
               | Clover, etc.) or Amazon Kindle run on? It's not iOS
        
               | twism wrote:
               | https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main
        
         | buu700 wrote:
         | I'm dismayed that Google wasn't forced to revert the decision
         | to block new apps from using their own signing keys[1]. That's
         | far more problematic than the so-called "scare screens".
         | 
         | 1: https://www.xda-developers.com/google-play-apk-
         | replacement-p...
        
           | EE84M3i wrote:
           | How would this effect normal users? For 99.9% of android
           | users I don't think matters.
        
             | qmarchi wrote:
             | The impediment is that if your application is distributed
             | via the Play Store, and is removed for some reason, another
             | installer/store (FDroid, etc.) can't update the existing
             | package.
             | 
             | This means that the user can't seamlessly transition
             | between the old and new distribution methods without fully
             | uninstalling the app and wiping the data contained theirin.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | No, you can still provide Google your own key.
               | 
               | The _enormous_ problem with that change is instead that
               | indeed you 're required to provide the keys to Google,
               | which can thus replace your app with anything else
               | (especially, something that a court orders them to use).
               | 
               | Anyway to switch to F-Droid you _always_ had to reinstall
               | the app, because they use their own signing keys (and
               | indeed could be ordered to do the same thing as above,
               | but it 's less likely).
               | 
               | Although, I think there actually is a mechanism to switch
               | signatures; but if I remember well it entails signing
               | with the new signature a version signed with the old one,
               | so it's complex.
        
               | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
               | This has changed[0]
               | 
               | >All the years before, F-Droid created a dedicated key
               | for each app to sign the published APKs, but now with
               | reproducible builds F-Droid ships APKs that are signed by
               | the upstream developer
               | 
               | [0] https://f-droid.org/en/2023/09/03/reproducible-
               | builds-signin...
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | Only for reproducible builds, a lot of work has been done
               | to encourage and facilitate them in the last years, but
               | they're still a minority of the apps.
               | 
               | By the way, these reproducible builds apps run a high
               | risk of being signed with the same key that Google has
        
               | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
               | >these reproducible builds apps run a high risk of being
               | signed with the same key that Google has
               | 
               | That's a great point. Someone should submit a request to
               | add language to their docs[0] letting developers know
               | about that if it doesn't exist already. I breifly looked
               | through that page just now and didn't see it pointed out
               | explicitly. There should also be a way to let users know.
               | 
               | [0] https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds/
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | About the fact that Google could have the signing key,
               | you mean?
               | 
               | Yeah I haven't followed much F-Droid lately, I wonder if
               | they ever realized that...
               | 
               | I think that the project never settled on a specific
               | security model, to be honest, and the current one is
               | mostly the result of happenstance.
               | 
               | And I don't know what will happen to F-Droid now that
               | some of the most important people left.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | > if I remember well it entails signing with the new
               | signature a version signed with the old one, so it's
               | complex.
               | 
               | Wait no of course it's the opposite, specifically you
               | sign the new certificate with the old key, if I
               | understood it right (https://source.android.com/docs/secu
               | rity/features/apksigning...)
        
             | buu700 wrote:
             | It's essentially a mandatory backdoor. It means that Google
             | has the capability to modify application code, and there's
             | no longer a mitigation for this attack vector available to
             | developers.
             | 
             | Hypothetically, Google might be compelled by a government
             | to deploy a malicious update to an app for surveillance
             | purposes. It might also be seen as anticompetitive, in the
             | sense that Google is the only entity which can manage its
             | own keys for new apps, making new non-Google apps
             | inherently less secure.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | > It means that Google has the capability to modify
               | application code
               | 
               | The Play Store has system signature, so it could already
               | do that. The mitigation is on the user's side to disable
               | the Play Store, which is where it has always been.
               | 
               | > It might also be seen as anticompetitive, in the sense
               | that Google is the only entity which can manage its own
               | keys
               | 
               | Only if they distribute through the Play Store. The whole
               | point of the recent lawsuit is to make it easier for
               | anybody else to distribute apps under their own control.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | Google having the keys of all the apps on the store make
               | _all_ of them subvertible.
               | 
               | So you can reach even people without the Play Store and
               | with degoogled systems, unless they only use apps from
               | other sources.
               | 
               | That's both a serious problem for not so few people, and
               | a very useful attack avenue for law enforcement.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > I bet they give it as a play store credit. How else would
         | they actually distribute $2 to so many people without costing a
         | huge percentage of the payout?
         | 
         | I got a $0.13 cent check from some iTunes class action
         | settlement.
         | 
         | edit: Think it was this one.
         | https://www.nola.com/louisiana_inspired/we-received-a-16-cen...
        
         | wesapien wrote:
         | I just don't see many supposed grandma's (or prey people) make
         | tweaks or go out and seek software outside of the playstore.
         | The only reason my dad uses Newpipe is because of me. Someone
         | knowledgeable has to introduce it to them. The most adventurous
         | thing these people will do on their own is download apps on the
         | playstore by themselves and sign in their app.
        
           | ralph84 wrote:
           | Until grandma gets a call from a nice gentleman at "Google
           | tech support" who walks her through the process.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | Or a nice popup informing her that her phone is infected
             | with 1 billion viruses and she needs AV software right this
             | minute.
        
               | wesapien wrote:
               | If they take the bait, them warning signs are useless.
               | You're giving a novice a choice between removing the
               | viruses on their phone and the dangers of installing
               | third party software. Do you think the prey will be like:
               | wait a minute, I see what this malware is doing? Ha! lmao
        
             | wesapien wrote:
             | If the mark/prey believes they are talking to a legitimate
             | tech support person, their mostly screwed. The warning sign
             | isn't there to stop a con artist or social engineering.
        
               | wepple wrote:
               | How would this type of attack work on an android that is
               | locked to play store?
               | 
               | I guess you could use a web phishing page, but you
               | couldn't remote access their device. Maybe you could get
               | a malicious data capture app into the play store that
               | simply collects data, but it would eventually get banned
        
         | turquoisevar wrote:
         | > It will be grandma getting fleeced.
         | 
         | Not just grandma. We need to move away from the idea that just
         | a handful of digital illiterate seniors will get screwed.
         | 
         | Android has been the main target for malware for a while now.
         | 
         | Nokia's Threat Intelligence Report in 2021[0] reported that
         | Android makes up more than half of all the infected systems, in
         | the recent 2023 report this had dipped to 49%[1]. But as
         | they've done in prior reports, this year they again highlight
         | that most Android malware is a trojanized version of legitimate
         | apps distributed via alternative means:
         | 
         | > Android based devices are not inherently insecure. However,
         | most smartphone malware is distributed as trojanized
         | applications and since Android users can load application from
         | just about anywhere, it's much easier to trick them into
         | installing applications that are infected with malware. Android
         | users can protect themselves by only installing applications
         | from secure app stores like Google Play and installing a mobile
         | anti-virus product on their device.
         | 
         | 0: https://pages.nokia.com/T006US-Threat-Intelligence-
         | Report-20...
         | 
         | 1: https://www.nokia.com/networks/security-portfolio/threat-
         | int...
        
           | g-b-r wrote:
           | Uh installing from just about anywhere that's unheard of in
           | the history of computing!!!
        
             | turquoisevar wrote:
             | And nothing ever went wrong with that in the history of
             | mankind, right?
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | It went so wrong that a history of computing exists!!!
               | 
               | Anyhow, I don't argue that the security of most current
               | computers is poor, but turning them into
               | appsfromonestore-downloading devices is not the answer.
               | 
               | (there are plenty of systems safer than Android)
        
           | g-b-r wrote:
           | Whether those numbers are true, malware on Android can
           | generally do a lot less damage than on other systems (first
           | of all because Android is not used for servers and
           | workstations).
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | A lot of _very_ sensitive data is on phones, often
             | including password managers and VPNs that might give quite
             | a bit of access to said servers and workstations.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | A lot of _very_ sensitive data is on other computers, but
               | they remain useful and safe enough despite allowing
               | software not signed by Google.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, for a lot of people around the world the only
               | affordable computers are smartphones; and if they are so
               | dumbed down, those people are enormously more limited
               | than they'd need to in their capabilities.
        
             | turquoisevar wrote:
             | > Whether those numbers are true
             | 
             | Wow, hold on cowboy. If you're going to insinuate stuff,
             | you better come packing with some sources.
             | 
             | > malware on Android can generally do a lot less damage
             | than on other systems (first of all because Android is not
             | used for servers and workstations).
             | 
             | I suppose that depends on your definition of damage.
             | 
             | Considering most of the trojanized apps consist of banking
             | apps that subsequently drain their victims' accounts, I'd
             | say that's pretty damaging.
        
         | quitit wrote:
         | Agreed. We have the entire history of personal computing to
         | know the consequences of these changes.
         | 
         | Industry experts still state, ad nauseam, that side loading and
         | 3rd party app stores are the overwhelming source of Android
         | malware. (Source: Nokia Threat Intelligence report: literally
         | every single year it is issued.)
         | 
         | There are better solutions available, such as directly
         | addressing developer's complaints, rather than hoping a
         | competitor will materialise:
         | 
         | - Requiring google spin off the approval process into an
         | independent, audited entity.
         | 
         | - Legislate a maximum price for transaction fees (like how some
         | markets do with bank fees)
         | 
         | - Legislate a maximum price for listing/admin fees (like how
         | some markets do with staple goods)
         | 
         | What isn't the solution is removing all guard rails from the
         | number 1 source of malware.
         | 
         | Also I don't care much for deemphasising the role of a trusted
         | app store. This is mainly harmful to startups and small
         | developers, since the likes of Spotify can fly solo and
         | undercut smaller developers which rely on Google's store for
         | visibility and user trust in transactions. Few will hand over
         | their banking details to these smaller developers, especially
         | if they're overseas or using a different currency.
         | 
         | An entire generation of people were scared of, or did not
         | meaningfully use computers because of malware. Yet this same
         | generation is not scared of smartphones and tablet computers
         | and contributes significant spend to the app ecosystem. I fear
         | that once legislators and court rooms bring back the risks of
         | computing in the '90s, it will take us back to square 1.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | > _How else would they actually distribute $2 to so many people
         | without costing a huge percentage of the payout?_
         | 
         | It's rentseeking monopolies all the way down.
        
         | henriquez wrote:
         | Grandma getting fleeced is a small price to pay when the
         | alternative is totalitarianism.
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | It's shocking that it's illegal to make an OS that allows people
       | to install apps from other sources after warning them, but not
       | illegal to not allow that at all.
        
         | queuebert wrote:
         | Government of the people, by the people and for the people.[1]
         | 
         | 1. _Corporations have been determined to be people._
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | Blah, this generic sentiment is so tired. What specific
           | rights should we take away from groups of people but are
           | present as individuals?
        
             | son_of_gloin wrote:
             | Corporations aren't democratic organizations though so
             | every individual in the group doesn't really have an equal
             | access to these rights.
        
               | polski-g wrote:
               | Publicly traded corporations are democratic
               | organizations. You get one vote per share you hold. If
               | you want something to happen, the shareholders can vote
               | for it.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Presumably the board could stop corporate speech the
               | majority does not agree with. It would be interesting to
               | re-litigate this case with a company like Facebook where
               | Zuckerberg has special voting shares. If donating to a
               | PAC is just a group of people exercising their free
               | speech, can you delegate your right to free speech to
               | someone else?
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | The most f* up aspect is interpreting corruption as "free
               | speech", for both individuals and corporations.
        
               | WendyTheWillow wrote:
               | What's not clear to me is why a corporation's specific
               | governance would matter. When a company "speaks", it's
               | still an individual ultimately expressing themselves,
               | just with the benefit of compensation.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | Sure, expressing themselves...
        
               | WendyTheWillow wrote:
               | You may not like their motives or incentives, but I don't
               | see a compelling argument that makes their expression
               | less legitimate than mine.
        
               | sgift wrote:
               | The compelling argument is that it should be quite
               | obvious that companies do not speak for all of their
               | employees, cause most of them are - to what degree can be
               | argued until the end of time - basically coerced to
               | express the "opinion" of the company. At most it's the
               | opinion of the owners, artificially amplified.
               | 
               | And to the question why the owners should not be able to
               | express themselves: They can express themselves
               | individually all they want, but if they want to use a
               | company to do it they should also be personally
               | responsible for everything the company does. And since
               | one of the primary reasons to have a company is to
               | isolate the owners from being sued personally ... there's
               | a bit of a problem here.
        
               | WendyTheWillow wrote:
               | But that's not the claim. A "company" doesn't speak,
               | individuals do. Just because the individuals do as a
               | result of compensation, doesn't mean they lose their
               | right to free expression.
               | 
               | You're focusing on the "group" aspect of this, but that's
               | irrelevant to the argument. A PR spokesperson has
               | individual rights, even if they choose to use that voice
               | to advance a company's goals.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | "Corporations free speech" usually refers to the freedom
               | of giving money to politicians, not the freedom of a PR
               | to speech
        
               | WendyTheWillow wrote:
               | Yes, and the reasoning holds; an individual decides to do
               | that. There's a name on that check, a specific person who
               | authorizes the transfer of funds. How could you ethically
               | stop a person from authorizing that check?
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | Disregarding the fact that I see many ways to ethically
               | stop corruption, when an individual *acts* in the name of
               | a corporation, the action is a result of the
               | corporation's functioning, not of the individual's will
               | (were it not so, the individual would have
               | misappropriated the funds, to my understanding).
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | And a nearly impregnable shield from criminal liability.
        
             | g-b-r wrote:
             | Corporations are systems generally set up to earn as much
             | as possible disregarding everything else, definitely not
             | "groups of people"....
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Corporations are what their shareholders want them to be.
               | Since a lot of the shareholders came to be shareholders
               | by buying in, they generally want to see a return on
               | investment.
               | 
               | It doesn't have to be that way if you can convince the
               | shareholders differently. You are free to bring up a vote
               | to Disney shareholders to change their mission into
               | finding every mouse in the world and naming it Mickey.
        
               | g-b-r wrote:
               | That's why I said generally
               | 
               | By the way, there's a very widespread view that companies
               | are legally required to maximize their shareholders'
               | monetary profit.
               | 
               | Can you name many corporations that _in the long term_
               | were shown to not having behaved so?
        
             | rqtwteye wrote:
             | They should go to prison like individuals. Instead of the
             | endless settlements suspend their business for a while.
             | They would pay way more attention.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Write the Attorney General, corporations don't shield
               | individuals from criminal liability just financial.
               | 
               | If we are making a wishlist; government bailouts to
               | corporations should trigger a termination clause for the
               | the whole c-suite.
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | Law is so weird. Apple stopped watch sales today for using
         | decades old technology[1]. And Google for this. Out of ALL the
         | bad things they have done.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiejennings/2023/10/31/some-a...
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | This is the problem that arises when the legislature doesn't
         | make laws specifically around things like app stores.
         | 
         | The courts take existing laws and regulations and try to make
         | them fit, and different courts come up with different answers
         | because the laws they're using never imagined this precise
         | scenario.
         | 
         | Ideally we'd have a functioning Congress that would debate
         | these issues and write carefully thought-out laws to regulate
         | app stores. Until then, we just get messes of seemingly
         | contradictory rulings that seem to be decided more by chance
         | than by any clear cohesive principle.
         | 
         | In other words -- blame the legislature, not the courts.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | These things would be processed faster if we had sane laws
           | and/or procedures around lawsuit discovery requests and
           | motions. Still a problem with the legislature, but also a
           | little with the courts.
           | 
           | We simply do not have enough judges to handle caseloads in a
           | timely fashion. But also, whenever a major company is sued
           | you end up with 8 billion motions that the court has to rule
           | on before you even get close to a trial date.
           | 
           | A major problem is there's no real penalty for wasting the
           | court's time. Companies are incentivized to make longshot
           | motions because in the worst case, the court will just say
           | no. For lawfirms, the more motions you make the bigger their
           | paycheck so they not only go unpunished, they are rewarded
           | for making as many motions as possible.
        
           | dfgfek wrote:
           | >Ideally we'd have a functioning Congress that would debate
           | these issues and write carefully thought-out laws to regulate
           | app stores.
           | 
           | Why is it ideal that there are more laws, more
           | regulations...?
        
             | wepple wrote:
             | The system is currently very broken. Less laws wouldn't
             | make this situation better. Either update/adapt, or require
             | specific amendments?
        
           | alephnan wrote:
           | > because the laws they're using never imagined this precise
           | scenarios
           | 
           | These scenarios precisely avoided the law
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | > It's shocking that it's illegal to make an OS that allows
         | people to install apps from other sources after warning them,
         | but not illegal to not allow that at all.
         | 
         | That hasn't been established yet. This wasn't a court decision,
         | it was a settlement. Epic separately sued both Google and Apple
         | and won against Google but lost against Apple, but both of the
         | cases are being appealed and you don't have a national
         | precedent until you have a Supreme Court decision.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | Google created a market, and then they stifled that market.
         | 
         | There's no "iOS app distribution" market for Apple to act anti-
         | competitively in.
        
           | vorticalbox wrote:
           | Cydia?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydia
        
             | madeofpalk wrote:
             | What's that?
        
         | turquoisevar wrote:
         | It's because the acts in a vacuum aren't illegal. It's about
         | leveraging power derived from market dominance.
         | 
         | (Although in this case the legality hasn't been adjudicated
         | because a settlement was reached).
         | 
         | If you create a platform and app market with strict rules,
         | that's not illegal. The logic here is that you're new in the
         | market and if the terms aren't commensurate with market
         | conditions, you will never grow. If you do grow, then the
         | market has decided that the gains outweigh the limitations you
         | imposed.
         | 
         | There comes a point where you have gained enough dominance
         | where your actions can be scrutinized. But in general as long
         | as you don't actively tighten the reigns, you're in the clear.
         | So if you had strict rules when you started and despite those
         | strict rules you grew and since then you haven't made the rules
         | stricter, then you're in the clear because you haven't abused
         | your market dominance.
         | 
         | The flip side of this coin is that if you created a platform
         | and app market that didn't have strict rules and was very open,
         | but once you've gained market dominance you put up hurdles or
         | you impose stricter rules, then there could be a problem
         | because now it can be explained as you abusing your market
         | dominance after everyone got in.
         | 
         | Personally I don't think the so called "scare screens" fall
         | under dominance abuse because they serve a legitimate purpose.
         | If anything I think they're not enough.
         | 
         | Nokia's Threat Intelligence Report in 2021[0] reported that
         | Android makes up more than half of all the infected systems in
         | the recent 2023 report this had dipped to 49%[1]. But as
         | they've done in prior reports, this year they again highlight
         | that most Android malware is a trojanized version of legitimate
         | apps distributed via alternative means:
         | 
         | > Android based devices are not inherently insecure. However,
         | most smartphone malware is distributed as trojanized
         | applications and since Android users can load application from
         | just about anywhere, it's much easier to trick them into
         | installing applications that are infected with malware. Android
         | users can protect themselves by only installing applications
         | from secure app stores like Google Play and installing a mobile
         | anti-virus product on their device.
         | 
         | In any case, whether something is legal or illegal in this case
         | depends on whether it was or wasn't done while having market
         | dominance.
         | 
         | 0: https://pages.nokia.com/T006US-Threat-Intelligence-
         | Report-20...
         | 
         | 1: https://www.nokia.com/networks/security-portfolio/threat-
         | int...
        
         | lijok wrote:
         | Am I misunderstanding or are you suggesting it should be
         | illegal to make an OS that doesn't permit certain
         | functionality?
        
       | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
       | Can someone tell me why Google "loses" and Apple still gets away
       | with the same behaviour?
        
         | gbear605 wrote:
         | The EU is forcing Apple to allow third party app stores by
         | April. As for the US issue, law cases like this are unique and
         | have to be dealt with individually.
         | 
         | https://9to5mac.com/2023/12/18/third-party-app-stores-apple-...
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | My understanding is that Apple's defense is that they never
         | opted in to a free market, and therefore they aren't required
         | to have one. Google however sold android as being a "free
         | market" choice, and as such can't artificially skew that
         | market.
         | 
         | I don't know if it really makes sense, but that's my
         | understanding of these two verdict when held in contrast.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | My understanding is that Google's behavior was seen as strong-
         | arming their way into signing non-competitive agreements with
         | competitors.
         | 
         | For example, they'd make a deal with Samsung that if they want
         | Google services on Samsung phones, Samsung had to agree to not
         | let anyone else put competing app stores or payment processing
         | other than Samsung's own and Google's own.
         | 
         | Where-as Apple it's more seen that they simply are not letting
         | competitors put their alternatives on their own Phones, which
         | isn't seen as anti-competitive, but more as how Apple itself
         | competes.
         | 
         | And probably Google also internally used bad language that
         | talked more about how to prevent competitors, etc. that might
         | have been more incriminating.
         | 
         | So I think they see it more like if CocaCola told Walgreens
         | they won't sell Coke products at Walgreens if Walgreens caries
         | Pepsi products. Where Coke is seen as such a big player, that
         | their leading market position forces Walgreens to agree,
         | because not selling Coke would harm them financially so much
         | due to the market leading position of Coke, but also it's seen
         | as a anti-competitive agreement from Coke.
        
           | kevindamm wrote:
           | Jurors confirmed that a big part of their decision was based
           | on Google's internal behavior, not explicitly the deals. The
           | evidence that upper management would move sensitive
           | conversations to chat where they knew a short 24hr retention
           | period existed was a very influential piece, as well as some
           | of the wording in internal emails.
           | 
           | I always thought the Communicating with Care courses were a
           | reasonable amount of legal paranoia, but I see how it could
           | also look sketchy.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | My favorite part of this whole thing is getting ammo
             | against Google apologists (aka current Googlers not using
             | auto-sell).
        
               | ralfd wrote:
               | autosell?
        
               | amyamyamy2 wrote:
               | Autosell is a way for employees to automatically sell
               | their Google shares as soon as they vest
        
         | its_ethan wrote:
         | I heard on a podcast that some part of the difference in the
         | two rulings was due to the fact that Google was cutting deals
         | with some companies/developers to lure them to their store,
         | meaning not everyone was equally subject to the 30% fee. Apple
         | (to my knowledge) hasn't done any deals like this - everyone
         | pays the same fee, no special treatment (until recently, when
         | they reduced the fee for apps with revenue <$1m)
        
           | wouldbecouldbe wrote:
           | No, Apple does that as well:
           | https://www.theverge.com/c/22611236/epic-v-apple-emails-
           | proj...
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | Just give it time. People tripping over themselves to insist
         | they're fundamentally different will lose out. It'll even out
         | and regulation will catch up
        
         | atonse wrote:
         | Having to settle and pay $700 million is not a loss. That is
         | NOTHING for Google.
         | 
         | This is a huge win for them, because you can rest assured
         | Google will get a ton of concessions out of the states in
         | exchange of paying the fine. It's not even high enough to make
         | Google feel "let's never do this again" - it wouldn't be for
         | Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, any of these guys.
         | 
         | It should be in the order tens of billions or a hefty amount of
         | their revenue, whichever is greater. Google must be celebrating
         | such a low fine.
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | First, it wasn't a fine.
           | 
           | Second, the settlement wasn't just this $700M, it was a bunch
           | of changes to how Android works. As explained in the article.
           | 
           | Third, where in the world are you getting this fairytale
           | about "concessions from the states" from?
        
         | gerash wrote:
         | There's no point in trying to find an "explanation" or
         | justification here. This is by no means a fair outcome.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | The Verge has a pretty good explainer on how, in relation to
         | the Google/Epic case https://www.theverge.com/24003500/epic-v-
         | google-loss-apple-w...
         | 
         | The tl;dr is that the jury determined that "android app
         | distribution" is the relevent market, and google has lots of
         | dodgy emails where they stifled competition in it. There is no
         | "ios app distribution" market.
        
         | turquoisevar wrote:
         | The long and short of it is that it matters when you started
         | doing it, or more precisely how dominant you were when you
         | started doing it.
         | 
         | If you have strict rules form the get go while you're a nobody
         | in the relevant market, then you're free to maintain those
         | strict rules even if you all of a sudden became a big player
         | (although you can't become more strict). This is in part
         | because the assumption is that if your rules would've been too
         | strict, then you would've never been able to become a dominant
         | market player, because nobody would've wanted to deal with you.
         | 
         | If on the other hand you were open and didn't have strict rules
         | in place but you start changing your tune once you're big and
         | powerful then it could be explained as you abusing your power
         | (i.e. luring people in with relaxed rules, only to turn up the
         | thumbscrews once everyone depends on you).
         | 
         | Apple has always had a walled garden with strict rules and a
         | 30% commission, and despite that many were happy to join. Since
         | then they've not turned up the thumbscrews, in fact they've
         | done the opposite by lowering the commission for the vast
         | majority of developers. The flip side is that they can't go
         | stricter and to a higher commission from here because they are
         | too dominant now.
         | 
         | That's also in part why Apple has all these hills they're
         | willing to die on, anything they concede now, they can never
         | undo or return to.
         | 
         | They don't have the flexibility of testing a 5% commission for
         | example and see if that works better, because the moment they
         | decide it didn't work out for them and they increase it back to
         | 15% or 30%, it can be explained as an abuse of dominance
         | because of the people that joined in, and became dependent on
         | them, during that test.
         | 
         | Smaller companies can try new pricing strategies, new
         | monetisation strategies, etc. Sure when they announce that from
         | now on their "free plan" is discontinued some customers might
         | moan and complain, but they never have to worry about
         | government intervention on the basis of antitrust.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | > If you have strict rules form the get go while you're a
           | nobody in the relevant market, then you're free to maintain
           | those strict rules even if you all of a sudden became a big
           | player (although you can't become more strict). This is in
           | part because the assumption is that if your rules would've
           | been too strict, then you would've never been able to become
           | a dominant market player, because nobody would've wanted to
           | deal with you.
           | 
           | My head hurts.
        
             | turquoisevar wrote:
             | I'll simplify it for you:
             | 
             | You can act like a dick, lock everything down and impose
             | all kinds of shit onto your product, as long as you do it
             | from the get go before you start being successful and don't
             | turn into more of a dick once you're successful.
        
       | mattcantstop wrote:
       | One thing that always surprises me is how toothless any anti-
       | trust settlement is. I don't think I have ever seen an anti-trust
       | fine that was so painful that it would deter people from trying
       | to do it in the first place. It almost always is a sum that would
       | encourage anti-competitive behavior in the future because the
       | fine is so much less than the spoils of the behavior.
        
       | pulse7 wrote:
       | This settlement is a joke...
        
         | doublerabbit wrote:
         | you'll better enjoy your $2 or else
        
         | hereme888 wrote:
         | Not for the lawyers. I bet they just filled their multi-
         | generational retirement fund.
        
       | g-b-r wrote:
       | To all the comments claiming that Android is open, managed
       | cooperatively and in the best interest of users:
       | 
       | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/07/googles-iron-grip-on...
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2011/05/12/google-android-skyhook-l...
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | > Google also agreed to make other changes designed to make it
         | even easier for consumers to download and install Android apps
         | from other outlets besides its Play Store for the next five
         | years. It will refrain from issuing as many security warnings,
         | or "scare screens," when alternative choices are being used.
         | 
         | Note that they're not agreeing to stop actively sabotaging
         | third party android variants and app stores by encouraging app
         | developers to take on bogus Play Service dependencies.
        
       | troyvit wrote:
       | > Google has agreed to pay $700 million and make several other
       | concessions to settle allegations that it had been stifling
       | competition against its Android app store
       | 
       | > [...] it's a fraction of the $10.5 billion in damages that the
       | attorneys general estimated the company could be forced to pay if
       | they had taken the case to trial instead of settling.
       | 
       | > The settlement represents a "loud and clear message to Big Tech
       | [...]", said Connecticut Attorney General William Tong.
       | 
       | It sure does. It's just not the message you think or claim it is.
        
       | gentleman11 wrote:
       | And they also have to do a few small things for 5 years. That's
       | it?
       | 
       | In other words, google won
        
       | alephnan wrote:
       | What would have happened if Google didn't agree?
        
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