[HN Gopher] National Engineering Handbook
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       National Engineering Handbook
        
       Author : minroot
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2023-12-19 16:32 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (directives.sc.egov.usda.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (directives.sc.egov.usda.gov)
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | Does anyone know what this publication is designed for and by
       | whom, and why only certain chapters are published?
        
         | teitoklien wrote:
         | It's part of the USDA Directives system which is the online
         | repository of all USDA Departmental Regulations, Notices,
         | Manuals, Guidebooks, etc.
         | 
         | A lot of US departments, publish books like this.
         | 
         | I'm a non-American, but i still often read books published by
         | your government :D , they are certainly very cool. I wish our
         | government had something like this.
         | 
         | An interesting sidenote i wanted to mention the US Military
         | also publishes books on various combat skills and guides on
         | making defensive weapons for your public citizen to defend
         | their communities incase of an invasion or government
         | collapse[1].
         | 
         | I've come to realise that a good portion of your government
         | sure as hell cares deeply about protecting your citizen's right
         | to defend themselves whether by carrying arms, or publishing
         | books on guerilla tactics, and home making arms to protect
         | oneself in the event of a crisis
         | 
         | I get the right to carry arms is controversial in your country,
         | It's not allowed for common citizens here either unless they
         | can prove a risk of life to themselves, but I always come
         | across moments in history, where governments choose to genocide
         | their own people [2] and it makes me think that maybe, what the
         | american constitution creators thought of, which is now
         | characterized as extreme civil liberty wasn't a bad idea after
         | all. People sometimes forget how unstable our freedoms truly
         | are, and how often governments across history and in each
         | country have betrayed their own people.
         | 
         | - [1](https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3APentagon+
         | U.S...)
         | 
         | - [2](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_genocide)
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | Freedoms are also betrayed by other citizens, including those
           | with guns. I'm not too concerned with a Cambodian genocide
           | happening in the US. I am infinitely more concerned that I'll
           | be shot.
        
             | abfan1127 wrote:
             | The Cambodians weren't concerned either.
        
               | pdabbadabba wrote:
               | This seems plausible, but is this just a throwaway
               | statement or is it supported by historical evidence? It's
               | actually a pretty interesting question, that has never
               | occurred to me until now, how well people have
               | historically been able to judge the safety and stability
               | of their own political situations. Perhaps there's some
               | literature out there on this?
        
             | teitoklien wrote:
             | Police are supposed to protect you from those problems, a
             | society that takes care of its people wont have to worry
             | about people causing a revolution or going around shooting
             | people.
             | 
             | The point of rules like this is usually to make the
             | government very afraid of it's own people and to make sure
             | they (the government) serve them (the people) well.
             | 
             | There are a 110 ways to kill people, if someone wants to
             | kill you on the streets, not having guns aren't what's
             | holding them back. It's far easier to buy fetanyl in your
             | streets, and just inject someone with a high dosage and
             | leave.
             | 
             | > I'm not too concerned with a Cambodian genocide happening
             | in the US.
             | 
             | I wouldn't cast the concern aside that freely if I were
             | you, I don't think its productive to look down on
             | Cambodians as less civilised or believe in a sort of
             | American exceptionalism, where things like the Cambodian
             | genocide is not a possibility.
             | 
             | As an example, I'd like to show the time when the
             | government of California, was actively sterilising
             | perfectly healthy american citizens for "eugenics" purposes
             | [1][2] (a precursor to what could constitute genocide if
             | those policies were nationalised)
             | 
             | This is however just one example, you could argue they are
             | linked to racism and a race superiority complex from those
             | times, but reasons and causes can change across different
             | times, the communities targeted may also change, the
             | outcome (the potential risk of a government turning its
             | back on its own people) is always present.
             | 
             | The great governance (in comparison to nations across the
             | world) that america benefitted from in the last century,
             | was earned and paid for in blood, ideas and sweat by you're
             | previous generations of citizens, constitution designers,
             | policymakers, independent organisations, and right groups
             | (on both aisles).
             | 
             | I would say the concerns of a gov fallout is always ever
             | present and the duty of every citizen in any democracy
             | across the world to keep an eye out for, and put in all
             | sorts of protections against such fallout whenever
             | possible.
             | 
             | - [1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXn3IzQTDOg) -
             | [2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zCpRVP1DgQ)
        
               | ericfr11 wrote:
               | Any armed militia (let alone a single citizen) would have
               | no power to fight anything. A government army would crush
               | them. Today, guns are mostly killing other law-abiding
               | citizens: hence, they are the wrong approach to a 21st
               | century society. 300 years ago, US people had to protect
               | themselves (against all enemies, including their
               | "government" of the time: the British army)
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | > Any armed militia (let alone a single citizen) would
               | have no power to fight anything. A government army would
               | crush them.
               | 
               | If this were true, then America wouldn't have failed so
               | badly in Afghanistan, guerilla tactics work. The
               | objective isnt to defeat the military in a war, if that
               | were possible it would lead to instability and random
               | groups of americans from taking over the government
               | anytime. The objective is to give enough capabilities to
               | everyday citizens to atleast be able to setup a
               | resistance severe enough that no government would
               | consider such an action. For those abilities I think the
               | liberties provided are helpful enough. But I agree with
               | you, there are far more dangerous instruments being used
               | against common citizens now, that it makes people
               | protecting themselves with guns a bad joke. That calls
               | for more policies to allow citizens to defend themselves,
               | whether that's a more robust education system to help
               | citizens catch lying politicians, or a more robust system
               | to bring in control the massive polarization spreading
               | across all democracies, and defences against gutting out
               | of the middle class that's taking place. But all of them
               | call for more protections to be added, not existing ones
               | to be removed
        
               | antod wrote:
               | _> If this were true, then America wouldn't have failed
               | so badly in Afghanistan, guerilla tactics work._
               | 
               | There is quite a gulf between making a democracy give up
               | on occupying you (especially when the reasons for that
               | occupation become kinda nebulous), and an internal
               | rebellion or civil war.
               | 
               | Guerilla tactics are often successful in the former case.
               | The latter situation is much more prevalent, and in most
               | cases just devolves into long term suffering.
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | There will be no internal rebellion or civil war, if
               | government actually works for its own people and serves
               | them diligently.
               | 
               | More effort should be placed in helping people improve
               | their lives, get access to healthcare, education, food,
               | clean water, protect them from isolation and mental
               | health issues, improve the civil discourse so people are
               | kinder and gentler, more civil to each other.
               | 
               | The answer might not be present in taking people's guns
               | away or remove methods for people to protect themselves.
               | 
               | America has had a century of prosperity, while having the
               | liberties to carry arms. You're right a lot of
               | democracies are right now at risk of an internal
               | rebellion and civil war, including america. But the
               | question is what caused it and how can we reverse the
               | trend ? The answer surely cannot lie in removing
               | something (gun rights) that was present even in years of
               | prosperity.
               | 
               | The risk of foreign governments initiating civil war is
               | real, and america itself has done this to other countries
               | that once used to be democracies, civilians not having
               | guns certainly didn't prevent those civil wars, it's not
               | that difficult for nations to pump in guns to rebels and
               | terrorists to cause instability in a nation. None of
               | those countries had gun rights like america did, yet they
               | all fell to civil wars.
               | 
               | The answer lies in government serving the people, and
               | being afraid of the public.
               | 
               | Not in making gov fearless, and thus less concerned about
               | working for the masses.
               | 
               | Think about it for a moment, you and I are worried about
               | a civil war breaking out. Why ? Because the recent
               | government on both party sides haven't been too honest
               | and diligent in working for the public.
               | 
               | Whether that's in deteriorating public education,
               | prospects of high tech jobs, destruction of good blue
               | collar jobs for people to improve their lives without
               | obscene college debt, bad healthcare policies.
               | 
               | These situations can only happen from an apathetic
               | government structure that cares 0 about the masses.
               | 
               | How do you think, it'll make those same governments more
               | caring towards the public, by removing the first and
               | second amendments ?
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, I don't think gun rights are
               | necessary or some messiah that'll save mankind, I just
               | don't understand the obsession with trying to remove
               | them.
        
               | antod wrote:
               | I wasn't talking about what governments should and
               | shouldn't do, or how they should behave. Or even anything
               | US specific - I'm not American. I was just addressing the
               | statement that guerilla tactics work and Afghanistan was
               | the example cited. And I don't think Afghanistan is a
               | good example in this case.
               | 
               | Guerillas fighting an occupier (especially a democratic
               | one) have had a reasonable track record of success.
               | Guerillas fighting their own government much less so -
               | the world has been and still is littered with those
               | conflicts. There's a big difference in what is at stake
               | from someone who can just go home, and someone who is
               | fighting for their own home/survival.
        
               | DeepSeaTortoise wrote:
               | The point of armed citizens is not them winning a civil
               | war, but making the restrictions politicians have to
               | subject themselves to, to remain safe, sufficiently
               | inconvenient.
               | 
               | No more cinema, golf, theater, water park, mountain
               | hiking or yachting.
               | 
               | Not being able to take a walk within half a mile of your
               | property's border, always waiting for security to check
               | the cars you are about to use, often having them tell you
               | that you cannot go to xyz, because they lack manpower (or
               | whatever reason) to secure the routes.
               | 
               | Citizens having access to weapons is a deal with the
               | politicians that their daily lifes will only be as great
               | as those of their subjects.
        
               | antod wrote:
               | As a non American, the expectation that your democracy
               | only survives because your elected dictators-in-waiting
               | are too scared to take the mask off is such a weird
               | concept.
               | 
               | There are no (or very few) other democracies with that
               | culture. From the outside, it seems that culture and
               | those attitudes are more likely to erode your democracy
               | than protect it. A tiny minority viewpoint could create
               | that fear, get that protection enabled, and then you've
               | lost that leverage over the politicians you're touting.
               | 
               | As democracies go, US politicians are already the most
               | removed from contact with their citizens - it already
               | seems like you're in a vicious circle here. Politicians
               | fearing their citizens doesn't seem like a good basis to
               | form a healthy democracy on.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | That, and one could make the case than countries with
               | strict gub laws, and thus a theoretically less afraid
               | government, actually serve their citizens better than US
               | when it comes to stuff like education, health care,
               | social security, housing and infrastructure. So I am not
               | really sure the theory of an armed citizenry resulting in
               | better government for the people actually holds water.
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | Yeah it's interesting that this is debated because we
               | actually have real-world data on this. It's not like no
               | country with relatively high indices of freedom and
               | prosperity has ever instituted strict gun control.
        
               | sickofparadox wrote:
               | It has been said many times before but tanks and planes
               | cannot enforce a no-gathering order, they cannot stand on
               | street corners enforcing curfews. Tanks and planes cannot
               | defend the incredibly fragile (to attackers) US energy
               | grid, which is too spread out and vulnerable to be
               | defended by boots on the ground anyway. There's also the
               | fact that a large amount of the US military would desert
               | or defect from their posts if tasked with killing
               | American citizens. Organized rebel groups would receive
               | aid from our geopolitical adversaries, and the highways
               | would be destroyed within weeks or months of the anarchy
               | setting in. If the US ever suffered a civil war today, it
               | would end as a country overnight, possibly permanently.
        
               | dudul wrote:
               | I dont know, I've been told by the media that on January
               | 6th we were one hair away from being overtaken by a
               | fascist regime.
               | 
               | If there's one thing we've learned over the past century
               | is that conventional armies are terrible at winning
               | guerilla wars against population.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Police are not required to protect anyone
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | > Police are supposed to protect you from those problems,
               | a society that takes care of its people wont have to
               | worry about people causing a revolution or going around
               | shooting people.
               | 
               | > The point of rules like this is usually to make the
               | government very afraid of it's own people and to make
               | sure they (the government) serve them (the people) well.
               | 
               | Does the existence of the problems not demonstate that
               | that _idea_ has failed in practice?
               | 
               | It's _supposed_ to do that, but it ain 't.
               | 
               | Iterate.
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | No, it doesn't mean it has failed, it just means it alone
               | is not sufficient. Just like how a century of american
               | prosperity wasn't solely due to gun rights.
               | 
               | Like many other laws and policies, 2nd amendment alone is
               | not sufficient.
               | 
               | The better question to find the answer to your query is.
               | 
               | Is removing the 2nd amendment and gun rights going to
               | magically save america and stop its marching decline?
               | 
               | I don't think so.
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | > I don't think its productive to look down on Cambodians
               | as less civilised or believe in a sort of American
               | exceptionalism, where things like the Cambodian genocide
               | is not a possibility.
               | 
               | I think it's silly to pretend that different countries'
               | institutions are all equivalent. Some have much more
               | robust systems of checks and balances, justice systems,
               | levels of corruption, etc. And no, it's not that
               | Americans are 'more civilized' than Cambodians, it's just
               | a byproduct of the circumstances of history that led to
               | this point.
        
           | anonu wrote:
           | The right to bear arms in the USA is often most appreciated
           | by citizens of foreign lands where life is lived on the
           | precipice between democracy and tyranny. Gun deaths and mass
           | shootings are horrible but the solution is not to abolish the
           | 2nd amendment.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | Then what IS the solution?
        
               | Wojtkie wrote:
               | Accessible healthcare, social services for the
               | impovershed, accessible education, really anything that
               | lifts people out of the despair or anger that drives them
               | to committing crime.
        
             | cbsmith wrote:
             | On the other hand, the issue is of grave concern vis-a-vis
             | being on the precipice between democracy & tyranny... Maybe
             | it's not the solution said people think it is.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | I found this document [0] which includes a bit more information
         | about the audience and the structure of the handbook. The
         | target audience is specifically engineers working for the
         | Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).
         | 
         | It looks like the gaps are because they're progressively
         | updating the handbook, so "Sections" are chapters that have yet
         | to be updated and "Parts" are chapters that have been updated:
         | 
         | > Many technical references are available to help NRCS
         | engineers prepare conservation designs, e.g. industry design
         | references, professional publications, academic textbooks, and
         | market literature. NRCS design engineers with accumulated
         | empirical experience have worked with academia, industry, and
         | other government agencies to develop technical references and
         | procedures that are specific to conservation work. This
         | knowledge base is housed in the National Engineering Handbook
         | Series, Technical Releases, and Technical Notes:
         | 
         | > General Manual, Title 210 - Engineering, Parts 600-659 are
         | grouped together to form the National Engineering Handbook
         | (NEH) Series. These Parts can be found at
         | http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/ under the browser search
         | column as "Handbooks - Title 210 Engineering."
         | 
         | > The filing system for National Engineering Handbook Series
         | was updated in 1998. As a result, old NEH Sections are posted
         | with the new NEH Parts. As the old NEH Sections are updated,
         | they will be filed as Parts under the new NEH Series.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/ND%20S...
        
       | gustavus wrote:
       | So I know there's going to be someone coming in to complain that
       | Software Engineers aren't "real engineers" and we need "real
       | engineering" and real "certifications" so we can be "real
       | engineers"
       | 
       | First off I love Jeff Atwood's take on it
       | https://blog.codinghorror.com/do-certifications-matter.
       | 
       | But I recently just passed my CISSP, had to for work, and it was
       | one of the most obnoxious and pointless exercises I ever engaged.
       | Most of the test involved questions about information that is
       | hopelessly out of date, or incredibly pointless whose only value
       | is for ivory tower PhDs to argue about in white papers whose only
       | actual security experience is putting in their password to their
       | laptop.
       | 
       | I used to be sympathetic to an extent about the value of having a
       | professional certifying body for software engineers, or something
       | like that. Especially after having to debug JS by "full stack
       | developers" who had just become "software engineers in 6 weeks".
       | But after the CISSP racket I am enduring, I've realized a
       | certfying body won't make software developers any more capable,
       | it will only allow those who are the least qualified, to force
       | arbitrary and capricious requirements onto people who actually
       | care about the craft and are capble.
       | 
       | /rant over.
        
         | dudul wrote:
         | Is it the way it is for plumbers, electricians, physicians,
         | lawyers, etc? I'm seriously asking and ready to accept a "yes",
         | but the reality is a lot of other professions have
         | certifications and controlling bodies. I wonder if, when being
         | interviewed, plumbers have to jump through the same idiotic
         | hoops developers have to suffer.
         | 
         | My wife used to work as a nurse, her interviews were usually:
         | do you have your certification paperwork? When can you start?
         | No white boarding, no " tell me about a time you had to deal
         | with a very difficult patient".
         | 
         | Yeah yeah jobs are different but ffs, if I had a freaking paper
         | to show that would save me 4 rounds of interviews I would be so
         | happy.
         | 
         | And yes, "innovation" may suffer. That's the usual argument, to
         | which I say: good. I think we've reached a point in the history
         | of technology where we need to chill out, take a deep breath
         | and untangle the f ing mess we've created over the past decade.
        
           | lukas099 wrote:
           | > if I had a freaking paper to show that would save me 4
           | rounds of interviews I would be so happy.
           | 
           | That's if you already had the paper. You are discounting the
           | cost of getting the paper in the first place.
        
             | dudul wrote:
             | I'm not discounting it, it's an hypothetical paper so I
             | don't know. Some poor souls already spend tens of thousands
             | of dollars to go to college and don't even get this said
             | paper.
        
             | EastBayGuy wrote:
             | Well, the license doesn't cost much beyond the cost of the
             | degree. A few hundred in fees, and possibly a, very
             | optional, grand on courses for exam prep.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | The cost of getting a license in the licensed professions
             | is usually very standardized and reliable. You get the
             | degree, you get your field experience, you pay a nominal
             | fee, you pass the test, you get the piece of paper. If
             | establishing a clear process like that would do away with
             | the quagmire of poorly-designed and subjective interview
             | processes that we currently deal with, I'd take it in a
             | heartbeat.
        
         | panzagl wrote:
         | The problem with CISSP and similar is that the US government
         | wants certifications, the 'software industry' is totally
         | disinterested in such a thing, so the 'certification
         | professionals' have moved in and set up shop. It's hardly the
         | same level as a Professional Engineer or similar accreditation
         | that is required before you're allowed to sign off on 'real
         | engineering' projects.
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-19 23:00 UTC)