[HN Gopher] The Inner Ring (1944)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Inner Ring (1944)
        
       Author : gHeadphone
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2023-12-19 15:27 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.lewissociety.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.lewissociety.org)
        
       | danielvf wrote:
       | This article is very true.
       | 
       | But most of the article is taken up with the dangers of trying to
       | get in an inner circle. It's easy to miss thinking about the
       | equally true last paragraphs.
       | 
       | > The quest of the Inner Ring will break your hearts unless you
       | break it. But if you break it, a surprising result will follow.
       | If in your working hours you make the work your end, you will
       | presently find yourself all unawares inside the only circle in
       | your profession that really matters. You will be one of the sound
       | craftsmen, and other sound craftsmen will know it. This group of
       | craftsmen will by no means coincide with the Inner Ring or the
       | Important People or the People in the Know. It will not shape
       | that professional policy or work up that professional influence
       | which fights for the profession as a whole against the public:
       | nor will it lead to those periodic scandals and crises which the
       | Inner Ring produces. But it will do those things which that
       | profession exists to do and will in the long run be responsible
       | for all the respect which that profession in fact enjoys and
       | which the speeches and advertisements cannot maintain.
       | 
       | > And if in your spare time you consort simply with the people
       | you like, you will again find that you have come unawares to a
       | real inside: that you are indeed snug and safe at the centre of
       | something which, seen from without, would look exactly like an
       | Inner Ring. But the difference is that the secrecy is accidental,
       | and its exclusiveness a by-product, and no one was led thither by
       | the lure of the esoteric: for it is only four or five people who
       | like one another meeting to do things that they like. This is
       | friendship. Aristotle placed it among the virtues. It causes
       | perhaps half of all the happiness in the world, and no Inner Ring
       | can ever have it.
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | I read this, and also Letter From a Birmingham Jail[0], at least
       | once a year. Thanks for the reminder!
       | 
       | [0] https://letterfromjail.com
        
       | smithza wrote:
       | I think C.S. Lewis is right in a lot of this. How much of
       | ourselves do we give up in pursuit of being "in the circle", "in
       | the know", "with those important folks"?
       | 
       | He extends this philosophy in science-fiction/novel form in _That
       | Hideous Strength_[1].
       | 
       | [1] https://a.co/d/4MuVdWD
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | "That Hideous Strength" is also a good takedown of Longtermism
         | (and its predecessors).
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | _That Hideous Strength_ is a good book, but it 's just
           | bizarre compared to the previous two books in the trilogy
           | (and admittedly _Perelandra_ gets pretty bizarre in the final
           | 20% or so of the book). But my favorite lesson is from
           | _Perelandra_ : Sometimes you can't beat the devil in a battle
           | of wits, sometimes you just gotta beat him to death.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | There is a discontinuity between the books because he
             | started writing it as SF, realised it was a mistake, and
             | then switched to pure fantasy.
             | 
             | Like many of his books this series is misunderstood, I
             | think deliberately. A lot of people (including Brian Aldis,
             | and BBC continuity announcers) think the first book is
             | anti-science because the two baddies are scientists. In
             | fact the one who invents the new kind of spacecraft is a
             | physicist (which is necessary) but the other (the worse
             | one) is "something in the City" (i.e. a banker, broker, or
             | possibly businessman depending on whether usage had shifted
             | at the time he wrote it) and later becomes a politician.
             | 
             | It is true that Lewis did not seem to have a high opinion
             | of sociologists - the sociologist in the That Hideous
             | Strength is gullible because of the nature of his "glib"
             | subject unlike people who study humanities and hard
             | sciences!
             | 
             | > Sometimes you can't beat the devil in a battle of wits,
             | sometimes you just gotta beat him to death.
             | 
             | I like that too. It gives it a lot of visceral impact.
        
               | johngossman wrote:
               | CS Lewis wrote a letter to Arthur C Clarke in which he
               | said:
               | 
               | I don't of course think that at any moment many
               | scientists are hidding Westons: but I do think (hang it
               | all, I live among scientists!) that a point of view not
               | unlike Weston's is on the way. Look at Stapledon (Star
               | gazer ends in sheer devil worship), Haldane's Rosetta
               | Worlds and Waddington's Science & Ethics. I agree
               | Technology is per se neutral: but a race devoted to the
               | increase of it own forces & technology with complete
               | indifference to either does seem to me a cancer in the
               | universe.
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | I suppose he actually means "Star Maker". I'm not sure
               | what he means by devil worship, though. And given how
               | irrational I find his Christian apologetics to be, I'm
               | not sure I care to find out.
        
               | Phiwise_ wrote:
               | >It is true that Lewis did not seem to have a high
               | opinion of sociologists
               | 
               | This also seems correct going by a couple of his current
               | issues essays. Two spring to mind: _The Humanitarian
               | Theory of Punishment_ , where he says something like
               | "Only the expert Penologist, _let barbarous things have
               | barbarous names_ , can tell us if a punishment is useful
               | to deter", and _Vivisection_ , which ends something like
               | "[So it is up to us to make the difficult distinction of
               | what laboratory animal suffering is necessary and what is
               | excessive to improve human life], but it is up to the
               | Police to determine what is presently being done.",
               | though I haven't read either of these in a while. He's
               | also rather sour on the time's study of people in
               | general, and the psychotherapy in particular, in both
               | HumanTheory and sections of his three part _Abolition of
               | Man_ , although the second gets much more abstractly
               | philosophical.
        
               | smithza wrote:
               | He was an early detractor of Freud for example. Forgive
               | me for not keeping my sources.
        
             | johngossman wrote:
             | I thought Perelandra was bizarre, almost hallucinogenic
             | towards the end. And the bit with the devil could be read
             | as "He's right, so I have to resort to physical violence to
             | win." I found it funny, but a strange take for an author
             | known for making intellectual arguments for Christianity.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Published in 1943, when the cultural milieu of Britain
               | had had to process the results of appeasement and was
               | forced to fight Hitler - a leader many of them actually
               | not-so-secretly admired. For British intellectuals, WWII
               | in many ways meant conceding an ideological point to
               | Nazism (when chips are down, all that matters is actual
               | raw strength, rather than the post-WWI rhetoric of peace)
               | while fighting to defeat it.
        
               | topynate wrote:
               | Perelandra's devil - the Un-Man - struck me on first
               | reading as an excellent early depiction of a hostile,
               | alien form of intelligence, superior but purely
               | instrumental. Lewis was very early in working out the
               | implications of that - nowadays the Rationalists and a
               | lot of others would agree that there can be entities with
               | superhuman intelligence that don't intrinsically value
               | their intelligence, and that such beings would have
               | almost irresistible persuasive ability if given the
               | opportunity. (Lewis differs in also giving the Un-Man
               | genuinely supernatural abilities with which it attempts
               | to overawe the protagonist.)
               | 
               | "it regarded intelligence simply and solely as a
               | weapon... Thought was for it a device necessary to
               | certain ends, but thought in itself did not interest it.
               | It assumed reason... externally and inorganically..."
        
               | cvoss wrote:
               | Ransom doesn't concede the Un-man is right. Rather, he
               | concedes that the Un-man has unlimited intellectual
               | stamina, so in any debate with a human, the human
               | eventually succumbs to his persuasion because humans
               | reason imperfectly.
        
             | yterdy wrote:
             | I question the wisdom of belief in the existence of the
             | devil - at least in a form that can be beaten to death.
             | "Ultimate evil" and "susceptibility to haymakers" seem
             | mutually exclusive. This sounds more like the confluence of
             | blind hope that cosmically-horrifying things can be
             | defeated and rationalizing murdering another person.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | In the particular case of _Perelandra_ , without too many
               | spoilers, the devil possessed a man from Earth and was
               | using him to try and tempt the Venutian equivalent of Eve
               | into causing another Fall. How sometimes killing evil
               | instead of arguing with it might apply to more practical
               | religious and moral situations in real life is left as an
               | exercise to the reader.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | Isn't posting and commenting on HN, at least in part, a product
         | of longing to be part of an Inner Circle of hackers and Silicon
         | Valley elites?
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | No. I mean, maybe for some people. Some of us just enjoy
           | talking about tech stuff online.
        
       | johngossman wrote:
       | Robert Sapolsky's book "A Primate's Memoir" is about the
       | importance of status in baboon tribes. High status males and
       | females are more successful at reproducing, healthier, and have
       | lower levels of stress hormones. That said, some individuals have
       | found alternative strategies that also work. After reading that
       | book, I've never been able to take status games among humans so
       | seriously.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | Health and low stress levels are probably easier achieved in
         | other ways than status, fortunately!
        
           | scottyah wrote:
           | But is it easy to avoid status if you are healthy and low
           | stress?
        
         | ta8645 wrote:
         | > High status males and females are more successful at
         | reproducing, healthier, and have lower levels of stress
         | hormones.
         | 
         | If those truly are the stakes, it seems like something worth
         | taking more seriously, not less. No?
        
           | johngossman wrote:
           | I hope we've moved past that. And even some of the baboons
           | opted out.
        
             | kukkeliskuu wrote:
             | Read the book Johnstone: Impro and you will see that we
             | have not moved past that.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | If those are the stakes, are they linear with status, or do
           | those inside the baboon inner ring enjoy them, while those
           | baboons trying to break into the inner ring have much higher
           | levels of stress and not appreciably better health or
           | reproductive opportunities than mid-level baboons?
           | 
           | (If one doesn't assume the narrator is telling the complete
           | truth, 1984 can be read as a book in which an outer party
           | member --who is in the outer, not inner, party based on his
           | middling A-levels-- violently attempts to buck the system.
           | Keep in mind that when Blair went to private school, he was
           | an "outsider", there on a nearly-free ride to keep the
           | school's test scores up [as the rich and the thick do with
           | boffins to this day], and boy, did the insiders ever let him
           | know his place.)
        
           | scottyah wrote:
           | My interpretation isn't cause and effect but rather effect
           | and cause (in the simple sense, though it is a flywheel where
           | they build upon one another). High Status is a lot easier to
           | achieve when you don't tire easily, don't get headaches or
           | bloat easily, and lack pains that put you in a sour mood.
           | 
           | Whether it be genes or lifestyle, social status does seem to
           | reward those who find a way to live their lives better. I,
           | certainly, am always ranking higher those who seem happier
           | and healthier than their counterparts.
        
         | senthil_rajasek wrote:
         | While primate studies are useful to understand some of the
         | human behavior I question their use to explain all human
         | behavior.
         | 
         | I would like to think that we have evolved new ways to live in
         | complex societies.
         | 
         | We have non-primitive languages for instance.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | If you ever regard wide-audience advertising, most of it is
           | devoted to status games; imx breakfast cereal ads are the
           | only ones that seriously resist such low-effort
           | interpretation.
        
       | VoodooJuJu wrote:
       | Anyone have particulars to share in which they've either longed
       | for or belonged to an Inner Ring? Observed the effects of it?
       | Decided to leave? Decided to stay?
        
         | at_a_remove wrote:
         | I've certainly been conscious of it for most of my life. I was
         | moved around double-digit number of times when I was still
         | single digits of age, so the outsider perspective is
         | uncomfortably familiar, like a suit of armor into which I was
         | riveted. Bryan Ferry covered "The In Crowd" particularly well:
         | "I'm in with the In Crowd, I go where the In Crowd goes / I'm
         | in with the In Crowd, I know what the In Crowd knows."
         | 
         | The song covers status, respect, sexual availability, and so
         | on. As we are not barnacles, the proper environment of Man _is_
         | Man. Forget the deserts and the prairies, the jungles or
         | tundra. We live with others of our species first and foremost,
         | and that in turn means hierarchy and its hangups, position and
         | its privileges. The Inner Ring gets you companionship, a
         | stronger support network, and a greater availability of
         | opportunity (social, romantic, professional). Outside of it and
         | you 're left scrabbling for the same things.
         | 
         | I saw it in grade school and then high school. I went to
         | college and I found an Inner Ring among the students who all
         | decided to live in the A-Frames; their social graph was
         | incredibly dense and, when I sleuth through Facebook years
         | later, has yet to be fully teased apart. It has arisen anywhere
         | I have worked where sufficient numbers of people existed. Once
         | you pick up on it, it shows itself over and over.
         | 
         | Now, I disagree with Lewis largely over his attempts at
         | consolation via some kind of nebulous and unspoken (even
         | unconscious) runner-up respect for not having compromised ones
         | values or some nonsense, a bit like a Promised Land to which
         | the faithful will eventually be granted entry. It's the usual
         | Christian refrain of "You _will_ have wealth ... in your heart.
         | " At worst, it's a kind of "stay in your place" classism,
         | designed to keep the credulous recipient of this "wisdom"
         | passive. Generally, when you hear about some virtue and notice
         | that possession of this virtue benefits others, and you hear
         | about this virtue _from_ others, add a little suspicion to the
         | mix before you swallow it whole. Being staid and unstriving is
         | certainly convenient for some people, _other_ people.
         | 
         | Lewis was almost certainly of an Inner Ring himself, given what
         | you read of his contemporaries, so in a more cynical sense, he
         | is attempting to keep that Inner Ring small (one of the
         | commandments of being in an Inner Ring is that one must not
         | allow in riff-raff) by suggesting that desiring leads to some
         | flavor of moral compromise and you've got the nice parallel
         | that craving leads to suffering.
         | 
         | Quite a lot of people have a vested interest in keeping you
         | where you are. Remember that when you hear someone pooh-poohing
         | some social or financial upward mobility. We can't _all_ be
         | nobility, so let 's have the suckers filter themselves out.
        
           | fifilura wrote:
           | Thank you for sharing and well written. Yeah I recognize this
           | as something I believe we would call Lutheran work ethics in
           | our society.
           | 
           | Stay in place, work hard and wealth/luck/love/whatever will
           | come to you.
           | 
           | Maybe true maybe not, but it is one perspective out of many.
           | Surely many people succeeded by, and for the reason of, not
           | abiding to that.
        
           | helloplanets wrote:
           | C.S. Lewis didn't shun the existence of rings in the article
           | - or act like he wasn't part of one - but describe the
           | distinctions between healthy and unhealthy rings. He ended
           | the article by writing about the upsides of being part of a
           | healthy ring.
           | 
           | In my take on the article, he wasn't advocating some sort of
           | pious refrain, but rather the sort of work it takes to build
           | meaningful connections with other people, instead of shallow
           | connections based on a status game or optimizing for a
           | maximally thick network.
           | 
           | Of course, I'd imagine most social lives contain a bit of
           | both, but a life which only has the latter is definitely a
           | sad one. Not to even speak of a social life based on
           | maximizing the latter.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | > one of the commandments of being in an Inner Ring is that
           | one must not allow in riff-raff
           | 
           | But Lewis was a professor of English literature who invited
           | in the riff-raff. People like him weren't supposed to like
           | pulp science fiction and fantasy stories. That was seen as
           | trash, and it's not exactly hard to understand why either.
           | But Lewis insisted that there was something great and
           | valuable there, something fairy tales (and old epics like
           | Beowulf) had but modern literature had lost sight of.
           | 
           | Going from agnosticism and fashionable scientism of his day
           | to Anglicanism was also a "debasement" of sorts. Like adoring
           | pulp SF wouldn't win you the most friends in literature,
           | adoring Jesus wouldn't win you the most friends with the
           | rising stars in science and politics of his day. And then he
           | in turn shocked a lot of his newfound Christian brethren by
           | marrying a divorced woman. It's hard for me to see any place
           | in Lewis' life where he tried to fit in to something
           | exclusive.
        
           | SenAnder wrote:
           | It's very in line with the current zeitgeist to dismiss a
           | thoughtful piece on the perils of compromising personal
           | values and friendships for the sake of social climbing, as a
           | mere defense of classism. Gone from public discussion are
           | virtue, integrity, loyalty. There is only class struggle.
           | 
           | Did you get the impression he meant labour organizers or
           | ambitious but honest entrepreneurs when he spoke of
           | scoundrels? Or, given his emphasis on friendship, did he mean
           | those who would sell-out their co-workers? Do you really mean
           | to defend the "financial upward mobility" that comes from,
           | say, withholding the health hazards of a product?
        
             | at_a_remove wrote:
             | That last bit is a tremendous stretch and you're doing your
             | shoulder joint no good in reaching that far.
             | 
             | No, there's more to it than that, but like I said, _at
             | worst_ , it has a kind of "stay in your lane" feel to it.
             | Not in the snotty "know your role" sense, no, rather a more
             | insidious method is substituted, in which, by not striving
             | to enter the Inner Ring, you're rewarded with some kind of
             | nebulous peer respect. Very a much a "meek will inherit"
             | sort of thing, and often untrue.
             | 
             | Take the Tolstoy bit that was part of the piece. The
             | general is ignored. But what if the general had something
             | important to say, something of tactical or strategic value?
             | Well, it's ignored. I'll counter with HST: "Politics is the
             | art of controlling your environment." Wouldn't it be
             | _prudent_ for that general, should he recognize his
             | situation, to strive for entry into the Inner Ring and then
             | be heard? It would be. Lewis does not address this.
             | Instead, one is to take consolation that one was at least
             | correct, but unheard, as the Inner Ring steers the ship off
             | course. You 're even suppose to hope that other people,
             | also outsiders, will recognize your track record and your
             | value.
             | 
             | Personally, I haven't found much consolation in that
             | outsider position at all. Instead I have watched the
             | members of the Inner Ring sail off to ever-better
             | positions, failing upward. Rather than attempting to change
             | my position, I am to accept it and some reward will be
             | dispensed unto me. I have yet to see it.
        
           | zoogeny wrote:
           | I think this is an example of how the greatest enemy to
           | virtue is cynicism.
           | 
           | It is hard to deny the old adage: in the land of the blind
           | the one eyed is king. That suggests an unscrupulous ploy, to
           | blind your adversaries so that you might be king. And if you
           | think in this way then you may suspect your adversaries of
           | trying to blind you because you believe they desire the
           | kingship for themselves. And if your adversaries are trying
           | to blind you then it is best that you blind them first before
           | they can do it to you. This kind of thinking is insidious.
           | 
           | It reminds me of someone describing a culture where cheating
           | was rampant. They said, only a fool wouldn't cheat when all
           | of the competition is cheating. In their view it is better to
           | be a cheater among cheaters than a solitary fool. Of course,
           | a fool might say something foolish like: "we'd all be better
           | off if we all stopped cheating each other". A cynic might
           | reply: "that is exactly what _a cheater_ would want,
           | obviously, since then he would then have an even greater
           | advantage! The only reason someone would say something so
           | foolish is if he was the biggest cheater of all! "
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> The association between him and me in the public mind has
       | already gone quite as deep as I wish_
       | 
       | Perhaps he is talking about _The Screwtape Letters_ [0]? I find
       | that book to be awesome stuff. It is definitely Christian
       | moralism, which I could do without, but it is mainly guidance on
       | basic self-appraisal; regardless of the religious (or non-
       | religious) context.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Screwtape_Letters
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | I have a tape of this read by John Cleese. At several points he
         | goes full Monty Python rant and it's hilarious.
        
       | fifilura wrote:
       | I am trying to figure why I have a problem relating?
       | 
       | Maybe I am just wired in the wrong way.
       | 
       | But maybe it is only after the "we" that you figure out what you
       | really like doing? And the more "we" the more things you will
       | find?
       | 
       | Some times you just have to make a move to get somewhere -
       | anywhere.
       | 
       | It is difficult just finding things you love out of a vacuum.
        
         | fifilura wrote:
         | I just don't think that it is always a good advice to a young
         | person to (admittedly paraphrasing) "not seek friends for the
         | sake of seeking friends, only do things you love"
         | 
         | You might just end up lonely in a room wondering what in the
         | world it is you could love doing.
         | 
         | But then maybe it worked for C.S. Lewis, but maybe because he
         | had already found his passion.
        
           | helloplanets wrote:
           | There's definitely a happy medium here. I guess the important
           | point comes at the end of the article. You'll basically end
           | up inside some kind of Ring either way, with the disctinction
           | being that the Ring is the byproduct instead of the be-all
           | end-all.
           | 
           | > If in your spare time you consort simply with the people
           | you like, you will again find that you have come unawares to
           | a real inside: that you are indeed snug and safe at the
           | centre of something which, seen from without, would look
           | exactly like an Inner Ring.
           | 
           | > But the difference is that the secrecy is accidental, and
           | its exclusiveness a by-product, and no one was led thither by
           | the lure of the esoteric: for it is only four or five people
           | who like one another meeting to do things that they like.
           | This is friendship. Aristotle placed it among the virtues. It
           | causes perhaps half of all the happiness in the world, and no
           | Inner Ring can ever have it.
        
       | 5cott0 wrote:
       | when a so-called flat-org/holacracy company says "you don't have
       | a boss" what they actually mean is you have an indeterminate # of
       | bosses you just don't who they are yet
        
       | gen220 wrote:
       | It's a really poignant piece, and I think having a strong grip on
       | its ideas is the hallmark of a transition to a socially-
       | constructive adulthood.
       | 
       | For me, personally, it was quite depressing & disillusioning to
       | recognize that there is no "inner ring" where the people
       | populating it are magically "better" (more rational, of stronger
       | character, whatever) than the people outside, and that in fact
       | "innerness" is more often inversely correlated with those
       | qualities.
       | 
       | It took me a while to fully digest, value and live by the last
       | paragraph of the essay, the call-to-action to become a crafts
       | person invested in your "society" of like-minded friends, which,
       | I think, is as important as the rest of the essay insofar as it
       | provides a path forward.
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | > For me, personally, it was quite depressing & disillusioning
         | to recognize that there is no "inner ring" where the people
         | populating it are magically "better" (more rational, of
         | stronger character, whatever) than the people outside, and that
         | in fact "innerness" is more often inversely correlated with
         | those qualities.
         | 
         | Not in my experience, real decision makers do behave somewhat
         | better, on average, then the median person, if you tally up all
         | their virtues and vices.
         | 
         | It's not a very steep improvement, but it is noticeable.
         | 
         | Of course the median person will likely never meet more then a
         | few, so even a somewhat lower fraction of bad apples can easily
         | cause a similarly negative perception.
        
       | snikeris wrote:
       | The characters Peter Keating and Howard Roark in Rand's The
       | Fountainhead were portrayals of this theme. Although both
       | architects, Keating is the inner ringer, while Roark is the
       | outsider craftsman.
        
       | xpe wrote:
       | Meta-question: I'm curious about why and when this piece by C.S.
       | Lewis first got noticed in HN circles. I expect there are some
       | interesting connections.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I listed the previous submissions at
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38701819 but one can also
         | look at comments:
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
         | - e.g.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9332129 (April 2015)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8353300 (Sept 2014)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6019886 (July 2013)
        
       | zem wrote:
       | "the tyranny of structurelessness" is a good companion piece to
       | this: https://www.jofreeman.com/joreen/tyranny.htm
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _The Inner Ring - CS Lewis_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34331775 - Jan 2023 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Inner Ring_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24894627
       | - Oct 2020 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _The Inner Ring (1944) [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20259862 - June 2019 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Inner Ring (1944)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13144201 - Dec 2016 (13
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Inner Ring (1944)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8930434 - Jan 2015 (6
       | comments)
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-12-19 23:00 UTC)