[HN Gopher] Trumpet is an operating system for simple and robust...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Trumpet is an operating system for simple and robust cell-free
       biocomputing
        
       Author : aelnona
       Score  : 36 points
       Date   : 2023-12-17 11:27 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | pushfoo wrote:
       | > It is likely that the future of biocomputing hardware and
       | software will likely include a combination of all three
       | technologies [19]: live cell, enzyme-free, and enzymatic logic
       | gates.
       | 
       | This prediction has a bunch of fun implications for security:
       | 
       | * Viruses and malware for such computers will also have a
       | physical virus stage
       | 
       | * Tradeoffs between DNA and traditional methods for data storage
       | 
       | * A possible arms race between obfuscating and detecting unusual
       | retrotranscriptases
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | > Tradeoffs between DNA and traditional methods for data
         | storage
         | 
         | Wonder how badly it could go if the data storage container is
         | ruptured while against someone's body?
         | 
         | DNA cross contamination could be interesting, unlikely to be in
         | any kind of good way.
        
           | koeng wrote:
           | > Wonder how badly it could go if the data storage container
           | is ruptured while against someone's body?
           | 
           | Nothing, really. Your body is good at fighting that sort of
           | thing, because it's literally happening every second of every
           | day with billions of bacteria and environmental DNA. Even
           | specialized organisms have a rather tough time getting by all
           | the defenses.
           | 
           | For example, there are zero human-infecting raw-DNA
           | pathogens.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Cool, that makes sense. :)
        
             | eternityforest wrote:
             | Could at least some bio computers be hacked to print ebola
             | viruses?
        
           | pushfoo wrote:
           | > Wonder how badly it could go if the data storage container
           | is ruptured while against someone's body?
           | 
           | TL;DR: pretty much zero unless you're immunocompromised
           | 
           | The price tag of the broken equipment and bacterial
           | infections are probably the biggest concerns.
           | 
           | Genetic information is like software. It doesn't do anything
           | unless it's in a compatible environment. Eukaryotic cells
           | like those in plants, animals, fungi are delicate. Viruses
           | which can write DNA into them without killing them have to be
           | complicated, which makes the viruses delicate. Being this
           | delicate means work with these cells and viruses can be very
           | expensive.
           | 
           | Why try to use a multi-Xeon server rack with fiber links when
           | all you need is a cluster of 5 Raspberry Pis and a bare bones
           | router? The latter is way cheaper.
           | 
           | For the same reasons, well-understood bacterial models like
           | tame E. Coli strains are popular in biocomputing [1]. Slime
           | molds [2][3] are also popular, and they're even famously good
           | at pathfinding.
           | 
           | Your coworkers, however, might be annoyed that you broke the
           | biocomputer again.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421265/
           | 
           | [2] https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-
           | 3-6...
           | 
           | [3] https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2014.
           | 021...
        
         | koeng wrote:
         | > * A possible arms race between obfuscating and detecting
         | unusual retrotranscriptases
         | 
         | Why, exactly?
        
           | pushfoo wrote:
           | Using living cells as a read/write storage medium also makes
           | them a target for malware. It's not limited to ransomware and
           | classics, but also fun new possibilities [1]. Figuring out
           | how to implement W^X should be a top research priority.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270005/
        
       | gonesilent wrote:
       | Trumpet winsock
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | > We have demonstrated the use of Trumpet to build all universal
       | Boolean logic gates. We have also built a web-based platform for
       | designing Trumpet gates and created a primitive processor by
       | networking several gates as a proof-of-principle for future
       | development.
       | 
       | Sounds super cool. The website doesn't seem to be hosted on the
       | web but they provide a ZIP download in the supplemental
       | information section: https://static-
       | content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs414...
       | 
       | It's a bunch of Python files. No docs on how to get started but
       | the filenames are reasonably semantic.
       | 
       | Edit: the paper says it's supposed to be hosted at
       | https://trumpet.bio/ but that's not working for me
       | 
       | Edit again: http://trumpet.bio/ works (just not https)
        
       | aconz2 wrote:
       | My understanding is that they are picking a genome (in whole or
       | in part synthetic / designed by them), a set of starting enzymes
       | or transcription factors or the DNA sequence of those (not sure)
       | (also in whole or in part synthetic), then running a computation
       | by letting DNA transcription happen for some number of cycles,
       | and finally read the output by some signaling protein like
       | fluorescence that will either be present or absent depending on
       | how you designed the initial conditions.
       | 
       | To me, Trumpet sounds more like a compiler or circuit/program
       | synthesizer than an operating system, since my understanding is
       | you have some circuit in mind and the goal is to find a good
       | genome (and/or the enzymes, not super sure yet) that can
       | implement it. This means finding enzymes that will accurately
       | promote or block transcription at a target location. And also
       | checking against potential problems as the computation/reaction
       | progresses since in a deep circuit depth you would presumably
       | have many more kinds of things floating around that could
       | interfere. I didn't see any mention on the circuit efficiency
       | here, like how many base pairs per gate as # of gates increases,
       | which I would guess would get larger faster than linear.
       | 
       | They mention the signal amplification of many genomes being
       | transcribed which is really neat (like error correction). Though
       | makes me wonder if the output signal has a defined or expected
       | duration of stability. If it is stable forever, it is like a
       | fixed point or attractor, but I suspect unless under much greater
       | design or control, things would change. And what is the latency
       | of these gates?
       | 
       | With cell-free, it seems plausible to design from-scratch genomes
       | using a database of known proteins and that could be really cool.
       | And funny to think about applying evolutionary search to
       | determine the fittest genome for the job. From there we go to
       | unicellular and then up to multicellular!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-12-18 23:01 UTC)