[HN Gopher] What happens in the brain while daydreaming?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What happens in the brain while daydreaming?
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 148 points
       Date   : 2023-12-15 14:18 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hms.harvard.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hms.harvard.edu)
        
       | jermaustin1 wrote:
       | As a person with aphantasia, the only time I'm able to "see"
       | pictures is while dreaming (including day dreaming), but
       | daydreaming has a weird effect of completely blocking out my
       | vision. My mind is still actively processing cues from my vision,
       | but I am unable to see anything but the daydream.
       | 
       | I didn't even realize that aphantasia was a thing until a couple
       | of years ago when a YouTube video popped up on my feed about it.
       | 
       | When people ask what I "see" in my mind when told to "picture"
       | something, is basically auditory database of descriptions in my
       | inner voice.
        
         | robofanatic wrote:
         | thats interesting. So if someone asks you to draw a picture of
         | a lighthouse, are you able to draw it without looking at an
         | actual lighthouse or a picture of it? if yes, then how?
        
           | Karawebnetwork wrote:
           | There's actually a few interesting articles out there about
           | this: https://theconversation.com/the-art-of-aphantasia-how-
           | mind-b...
           | 
           | "Edinburgh: "I can remember visual details," he commented,
           | "but I can't see them"."
           | 
           | In this one, they show step by step how the artist does it:
           | https://aphantasia.com/article/stories/visual-artist-with-
           | ap...
        
           | rhinoceraptor wrote:
           | I also have it, I can draw a lighthouse because I know what
           | it should look like. But if I close my eyes and try to
           | visualize it, I don't have any sense that I'm seeing
           | something, in the same way that I have a sense that I'm
           | listening to a song when I play it back from memory.
           | 
           | When I dream there's only a faint visual component, there's
           | no color or detail.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | Same.
             | 
             | Also, when reading fiction, I never have any use for the
             | long-winded descriptions of a place and a character. I
             | don't picture the scene or character, but I create my own
             | "space" where I can place the characters and the action,
             | and I can feel beeing there. This "space" can have details,
             | but usually not a lot.
             | 
             | Recalling memories are similar. I can vividly feel the
             | moment, and I can remember a lot of non-visual details, and
             | often some distinct visual details. But I can't really
             | picture it.
        
               | dumbo-octopus wrote:
               | > I never have any use for the long-winded descriptions
               | of a place and a character.
               | 
               | Same, and oh my goodness did my teachers in High School
               | chastise me for not wanting to produce those same strings
               | of adjectives in my own works. I fundamentally could not
               | understand why someone would want to read that much
               | description about the appearance of something.
        
             | namtab00 wrote:
             | now that I think of it, in my dreams colors are not
             | something I recall, but I definitely can say that I don't
             | dream in greyscale..
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | Would you be able to go beyond the abstract notion of a
             | lighthouse (basic geometric shape, white with red stripes,
             | etc) and _without a reference_ know where to paint shadows,
             | how to dither them, how to achieve some  "weathering
             | effects", marks left by the water, etc?
             | 
             | My guess is that kind of "untrained intuitions" about
             | drawing require two preconditions:
             | 
             | 1. Having seen lighthouses or buildings and paid attention
             | to how rust/marks/decay and the interplay of light and
             | shadow looks like.
             | 
             | 2. Being able to visualize this when drawing.
             | 
             | Otherwise, how can the drawing (without a photo reference)
             | be anything but idealized and abstract?
        
           | tiborsaas wrote:
           | It's stored conceptually and I don't need to recall it
           | visually to copy it to paper.
        
           | jermaustin1 wrote:
           | Yeah, I can draw one. I actually took a lot of art classes,
           | so it is kind of hardwired into me how to draw. That said, my
           | lighthouse will not have details in it that someone who can
           | recall a photograph of one might. Here is kind of how my
           | brain describes a lighthouse for me to draw it: cone-shaped,
           | white brick, wooden door at base, a platform on top without
           | walls, a small shingled roof, large rotating light.
           | 
           | As I am drawing the lighthouse the part that I'm working on
           | will have more descriptors popup in my inner voice. Like say
           | I'm drawing the door, I will hear: "vertical slats, arched
           | top, dark weathered wood" and as I drill into each of those,
           | I will hear more words in my head.
           | 
           | Maybe I trained myself to do that over many many years of art
           | classes, but I can't remember that not being the case.
        
             | namtab00 wrote:
             | hmm that's weird, you forgot that they're usually painted
             | in stripes (red/white?)
        
               | in3d wrote:
               | It probably depends on which ones they have encountered
               | in real life. From a Google image search, it seems that
               | less than half are.
        
               | dumbo-octopus wrote:
               | That's funny - I also have aphantasia and described it in
               | much the same as the parent. But your comment threw me, I
               | think of them as plain.
               | 
               | Looked it up, and turns out the ones in Oregon are. https
               | ://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oregon+lighthouses&form..
               | .
        
               | jermaustin1 wrote:
               | That is not something I have encountered (I don't think),
               | or if I did, I didn't absorb that detail. The words don't
               | exist in my brain.
        
             | polishdude20 wrote:
             | That seems to be the way I see objects in my mind. It
             | starts as a basic formless "idea" of a lighthouse. Vague
             | images come to mind: Tall, pointy, seaside, seagulls,
             | looming. Then I sort of focus on one part of the lighthouse
             | instantly to figure out the details. Like the walls: Brick,
             | painted over with white paint, moss and lichen growing on
             | them. Then the door: Wooden, one handle, thick, dark wood,
             | little peep hole.
             | 
             | Etc.
             | 
             | I never fully visualize it instantly. It's like my mind is
             | creating the details over time. A minute later if you ask
             | me to visualize it again, I still don't see it instantly, I
             | need to remind myself "Oh yeah the door was wooden, the
             | walls were white" etc.
             | 
             | I feel like a lot of differences in people's experience of
             | this is less to do with their actual abilities of
             | visualization and more to do with not being able to
             | describe what is happening and observing yourself as a
             | third party while you're thinking.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | _my lighthouse will not have details in it that someone who
             | can recall a photograph of one might._
             | 
             | To be fair: most folks don't really remember as many
             | details as you think. Definitely not photo-level. I
             | generally tell folks that you'll be able to draw a bird,
             | sure. Even different kinds of birds - but they will be
             | fairly generic and simple. You'll know it is a duck or
             | goose or little bird or owl. But unless you've studied
             | birds and drawn a _lot_ of them, it won 't be a blue jay,
             | an exotic duck, a snowy owl, and so on. Not without a
             | reference picture, of course.
             | 
             | Those reference photos are important enough that I had an
             | art teacher that tasked us with taking reference photos
             | with disposable cameras. This was mid-90s, before phones
             | were everywhere and there were so many resources for such
             | things.
             | 
             | I'll also add that I keep a dialog in my head as I draw. I
             | can visualize well enough, but the 'thinking voice' come
             | along and narrates the things I'm drawing. "Put that line
             | there and go down and across the page...." "Just add that
             | little window down there and remember the handle!"
        
               | bongodongobob wrote:
               | I am 100% convinced people who self-diagnose with
               | aphantasia think normal people hallucinate images in
               | their mind. They are just being dense. Unless they've had
               | a MRI, they are just shockingly confused.
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | I also have aphantasia. I'm hoping that if they start running
         | these tests on humans that they make sure they bring in people
         | with aphantasia. Something like 1 in 20 of us have it. For
         | example, when I daydream, I lose myself and come back to myself
         | a short time later. It's kind of like highway hypnosis, but I
         | do know what I was thinking about, it just happened "off-
         | screen" so to speak and I become aware of it all at once. It
         | would be interesting to know if the same regions of the brain
         | are lighting up. Maybe we can figure out what aphantasia is,
         | from an anatomical perspective.
        
           | in3d wrote:
           | Yes, they certainly should for the sake of their own
           | research. Considering aphantasia could increase the effect
           | size in their studies.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | I can fairly easily picture "something," but it's always
         | extremely protean. During meditation for example I sometimes
         | picture Calvary, but the forms are just constantly shifting
         | around that theme. I certainly can't just picture an apple and
         | just hold it still in my mind's eye. Although I do suspect if I
         | spent around 10,000 hours at it I could get considerably
         | better. The point of all that is I rather suspect aphantasia is
         | very much a spectrum.
         | 
         | I'm really not a visual learner for the most part, and maybe
         | that's why? On the other hand I'm quite good at shape rotation
         | and other such problems. That and there are times where I find
         | the visual interpretation to clarify my understanding of the
         | abstract concept. The standout example of that is the marvelous
         | _Visual Complex Analysis_.
        
         | robluxus wrote:
         | Are there tests for aphantasia?
         | 
         | It's fascinating to me that (as far as I'm concerned) we mostly
         | learn about it by self-reporting but then those reports vary
         | pretty wildly.
         | 
         | I myself don't have aphantasia I think but I feel like I really
         | have to work on "drawing things up" when I try to picture
         | something with my eyes closed. Or maybe that's just the normal
         | amount of effort for the complexity and detail I'm trying to
         | capture? Actually it's easier to "imagine" things with my eyes
         | open which I always thought was weird before I read this
         | comment about daydreaming blocking out vision. Which still
         | sounds extreme to me, but maybe not more extreme than all those
         | other reports that claim they can procure fully detailed houses
         | / places / system architectures / electrical diagrams / etc on
         | a whim.
        
           | to1y wrote:
           | When I was younger I used to draw constantly and I'd say that
           | was the only period in my life when I would often picture
           | images. Looking back it was more flashes of angles and line
           | shapes and how it would _feel_ to draw them.
           | 
           | This makes me wonder two things:                 1.  Apart
           | from understanding how a mechanical object functions or
           | recalling how to get somewhere what other query benefits from
           | visualisation?            2. Do people with aphantasia dream
           | in images?
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | 1. It really depends on how you think. I assume that people
             | with strong visualization abilities generally tend to use
             | those abilities to reason and think about many different
             | things, like math or code or filesystems or even, say,
             | cooking. But other people use different "internal
             | modalities" to reason about the same things.
             | 
             | As a photographer, one of the skills you develop is to have
             | a concept of a photo in your mind before actually taking
             | the picture. Likely this is the same for any visual form of
             | art. Literally previsualizing what you want to express
             | seems to be the most obvious way to think about it, but I
             | assume there are also other ways that make more sense to
             | less visually-oriented people.
        
             | in3d wrote:
             | > 2. Do people with aphantasia dream in images?
             | 
             | Yes, many reports suggest that most do. But I haven't seen
             | any rate comparisons with people who don't have it.
        
           | Forricide wrote:
           | Conversations around this kind of thing are so fascinating to
           | me, because they seem to present this fundamental breakdown
           | in human communication - how impossible it is to convey what
           | 'really is going on' inside your mind.
           | 
           | The idea (to me) that people can just see full-fledged
           | lifelike photos in their mind is crazy, especially with low
           | effort. I can't really draw things in my mind very well but I
           | can 'pretend' I see them, blurring the line between 'knowing
           | I'm seeing something' and 'actually seeing that thing'.
           | 
           | But, is that the same thing as actually visualizing that
           | object? It feels like it for most use cases, but then there's
           | some task that actually would be way easier if I could
           | legitimately 'see' that thing, and suddenly everything
           | becomes more complicated.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | I wouldn't be surprised if 99% of the discourse here is
             | just miscommunication on what "picturing something in your
             | head" means and 99% of people who think they are different
             | are not.
             | 
             | Picture a dog in your head. It's such an fuzzy, imprecise
             | action that you can skew the definition of "seeing it" from
             | nothing (you are mostly reasoning about what this dog looks
             | like) all the way up to a visual mental concept of it that
             | does everything but actually block your field of vision.
             | 
             | Depending on what they think "seeing it" means, 100
             | different people can have 100 different explanations for
             | the same phenomenon.
        
               | Forricide wrote:
               | > I wouldn't be surprised if 99% of the discourse here is
               | just miscommunication on what "picturing something in
               | your head" means and 99% of people who think they are
               | different are not.
               | 
               | Yeah, this is exactly the issue, and it's really just
               | impossible to know. There's this popular 'apple test'
               | image that gets posted a lot, where you're supposed to
               | self-diagnose your level of aphantasia/visual imagery
               | prowess based on which 'tier' of apple you can visualize,
               | and people will always say: yeah, I can see [extremely
               | vivid, realistic image of an apple] in my mind perfectly
               | well. And that seems impossible to me, but then, how are
               | we supposed to know what other people can actually see in
               | their mind? It's in their mind, after all.
               | 
               | The one thing for me that does make me believe there is
               | some major difference is murder mysteries; I have friends
               | who can visualize scenes and solve mysteries that would
               | be impossible for me.
        
               | dumbo-octopus wrote:
               | One interesting thing to consider is the "draw a bicycle"
               | test. When presented to a population of phantastics, many
               | will produce severely flawed bikes that could never exist
               | in real life, yet they will claim that it matches the
               | "image" they have in their head of one. However in my own
               | experience despite being aphantasic I can very easily
               | draw a physically accurate bike, not by rendering to
               | paper the "picture" in my head, but rather by working
               | from first principles about how the components of a bike
               | have to interact.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Interesting!
               | 
               | Many years ago, I drew the opposite conclusion: that
               | people that cannot draw also cannot picture the image of
               | what they want to draw. My informal quiz confirmed my
               | suspicions, but it has one serious flaw that completely
               | undermines it:
               | 
               | I am a decent (if untrained) artist. I can say I draw
               | well. I can also picture things in my mind very vividly.
               | 
               | However, I cannot draw horses. I can see them in my mind
               | clearly -- as I type this, a realistic brown horse popped
               | in my mind -- but if I try to draw it, it will look like
               | a badly drawn dog. Drawing horses requires a theoretical
               | understanding of their anatomy, it would seem.
               | 
               | I still think most people who cannot draw also cannot
               | imagine the subject. With exceptions.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | I would be one of the exceptions. Or an example of an
               | incomplete theory. The ability to visualize may be one of
               | several prerequisites to have an innate drawing ability.
               | Another possible prerequisite is the ability to translate
               | image to paper. An ability I lack.
               | 
               | Sorry for the long explanation below. I'd write less but
               | many people have had questions and I'm trying to answer
               | some of those here.
               | 
               | I'm able to vividly experience a virtual world including
               | smells and tactile sensations. But it goes even further,
               | I can simulate experiencing it through a different mind,
               | sort of like a virtual machine. I can literally put
               | myself "in someone else's shoes". (I've called it my
               | mental holodeck.)
               | 
               | I think part of the reason I developed this is because
               | the emotional hardware in my brain is broken and I have
               | has spent my entire life interpreting all human behavior
               | through logic. The other part is intentional practice
               | through lucid dreaming and manic episodes rewiring my
               | brain to support additional channels.
               | 
               | You think with all this I would be able to draw pretty
               | well. I can't. Just like emotions, my brain isn't able to
               | translate vision to motor control or spoken language. (I
               | believe this is also due to broken hardware.)
               | Fortunately, I am much better at translating to written
               | language.
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | That is very interesting! Perhaps there is some kind of
               | disconnect happening between different parts of your
               | brain, and physiologically you have created new pathways
               | that work around that in some way.
               | 
               | In my youth I practiced lucid dreaming and astral
               | projection techniques, as well as lots of experiences
               | with psychedelics. I have recently started undergoing
               | Ketamine treatments for anxiety, and while under the
               | effects, I experience very vivid images similar to lucid
               | dreams, while also being aware of what is going on around
               | me such as my guide walking down the hallway to check on
               | me periodically.
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | I am also an untrained artist, and can picture things
               | with great detail in my mind. When it comes to putting
               | them down on paper or canvas, I'm unable to get physical
               | aspects down, such as perspective and proper lighting.
               | Most of my art is very abstract and pattern based, and
               | when I paint people or objects, they often come out
               | similar to a Picasso painting (but unintentionally). I've
               | learned to work with the way my mind works, and have
               | adapted my art style to it, but it would be fascinating
               | if there were some way for me to "break through" my
               | difficulties and gain a grasp of 3 dimensional objects,
               | in 3 dimensional space.
        
               | mdswanson wrote:
               | There are objective tests for visualization that show
               | that aphantasia isn't just a miscommunication about
               | internal processes. You can learn more here:
               | https://aphantasia.com/guide/
        
               | namtab00 wrote:
               | while reading this, my mind started trying to imagine
               | dogs...
               | 
               | I didn't do it on purpose, it just did.
               | 
               | They were all barking, and had a collar... That probably
               | says something about me.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | It can also vary depending on the subject to be imagined.
               | 
               | For some people faces, especially familiar ones, I can
               | see their faces in high detail (flaps of their noses,
               | even pockmarks and other texture). The "picture" doesn't
               | stay still and it sometimes requires effort; though some
               | imagery comes unbidden and effortlessly.
               | 
               | Other topics I have a harder time with and are more
               | abstracted.
               | 
               | The problem with discourse at this level, however, is how
               | subjective it is: when I say I can picture in my head the
               | beautiful outdoors scenery of my last vacation, how
               | accurate is it? If you could download a hardcopy from my
               | brain, would you tell me "this doesn't look like a photo
               | at all"? But what if I'm actually there, watching with my
               | eyes -- is the image that forms in my brain accurate?
               | Maybe someone would also scoff at it if they could
               | download it, "this isn't what the scenery looks at all!".
               | 
               | I fear we will never be able to solve this riddle.
        
               | dom96 wrote:
               | For what it's worth, I spoke to my friend who professes
               | to be able to visualise things very vividly. I think
               | there is something to it because she was able to confirm
               | that she can literally see the thing she is visualising
               | as if it's there, I asked her many questions about it so
               | I don't think there is much room for miscommunication.
               | She confirmed that it is as if that thing is there and
               | that she can hold that imaginary thing in her field of
               | vision for long periods of time. She can do this with her
               | eyes open.
               | 
               | There must be some sort of spectrum of ability with this
               | stuff. But I agree that it's difficult to prove and
               | measure. I do think that great artists must be on the
               | more "gifted" side of this spectrum.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | >There must be some sort of spectrum of ability with this
               | stuff.
               | 
               | right there are spectrums applying to for every other
               | human ability, so obviously also for this. The idea that
               | the people on the low or high end of the spectrum are
               | just miscommunicating their experience is a weird idea to
               | hold, as it implies that there isn't a low or high end to
               | the spectrum.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | Picture Dorothy's dog Toto from the Wizard of Oz. Now
               | look at her shoes. Don't look too close!
               | 
               | If you are like me, you get incredible detail so long as
               | you don't linger. Is the detail really there, or an
               | illusion? And why does attention destroy the detail, like
               | the waking within a dream?
        
               | basscomm wrote:
               | It's this kind of casual dismissal that makes the
               | aphantasia so frustrating to talk about. The people who
               | are able to visualize find it so fundamental and easy
               | that they literally cannot conceive that someone else
               | might be lacking this ability. They tell aphantasiacs
               | that what they've experienced their whole lives isn't
               | real, they just misunderstand what visualization actually
               | is.
               | 
               | No, I understand what visualization of something in your
               | head is. Sometimes when I wake up in the morning, I can
               | still see part of my dream in my mind's eye, but it fades
               | quickly. I can't do it consciously. Never have been able
               | to.
               | 
               | If you tell me to visualize a dog and describe it to you,
               | I can't do it. I can describe what a dog looks like in
               | general, but I won't be able to tell you what the
               | specific dog that I've conjured up looks like because it
               | doesn't look like anything. I'm not looking at an image
               | in my mind's eye of a dog.
        
               | Moru wrote:
               | It's not just aphantasia, it's about all diabilities.
               | Especially but not limited to anything mind-connected.
               | It's much easier to not say "Well if it's so hard to
               | walk, why don't you just get out of that wheelchair?".
               | That is obvious. But understanding something that is so
               | fundamental to your being is not possible for someone
               | else is causing so much misunderstandings and problems.
               | Things like "I can do this so why don't you just try
               | that?" to someone that is totally incapable to do it is
               | so sad. And this even from people whos job it is to help
               | handicapped people live a normal life?
        
               | huytersd wrote:
               | I mean I definitely see flashes of images of a dog. Isn't
               | one of the tests to see if you can seamlessly rotate a
               | yellow star in your head? I can do it in flashes but I
               | know people that can pause it midway through a rotation
               | and draw the exact image they are seeing.
        
               | robluxus wrote:
               | > all the way up to a visual mental concept of it that
               | does everything but actually block your field of vision.
               | 
               | That does sound like it would put an upper bound on what
               | "seeing with your minds eye" means, but then what about
               | this line from GP above:
               | 
               | > daydreaming has a weird effect of completely blocking
               | out my vision.
               | 
               | This was claimed by a person who also self-reports
               | aphantasia, and I (as a person that claims to NOT have
               | aphantasia) just can't imagine (pun intended) how this
               | would work.
        
           | in3d wrote:
           | > Are there tests for aphantasia?
           | 
           | Sure, they are usually something like "imagine an apple on a
           | table" and then some questions about it like its color. There
           | are also fMRI neural signatures.
           | 
           | Aphantasia is also often linked with SDAM (Severely Deficient
           | Autobiographic Memory).
        
             | Forricide wrote:
             | > Aphantasia is also often linked with SDAM (Severely
             | Deficient Autobiographic Memory).
             | 
             | Thanks for mentioning this... did an extremely quick Google
             | and I suddenly understand everything about my memory.
        
               | mdswanson wrote:
               | Also useful: https://aphantasia.com/guide/
        
           | chrisdbanks wrote:
           | Picture an apple in your mind. What colour is it?
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | Most people say red or green.
           | 
           | If you don't see a colour then you have aphantasia.
        
             | feoren wrote:
             | Wait, but, I _know_ apples are red. I mean, picture  "2 + 2
             | = " in your head and fill out the scene. What comes after
             | the equals sign? It's 4, obviously. Nobody needs to hold
             | anything in their visual field to know that.
             | 
             | Wouldn't a better test be one of "visual reasoning"? I'm
             | thinking: construct a visual scene, object A is on top of
             | object B, etc., and then ask a question that would be
             | obvious to someone actually seeing the scene, but very
             | difficult to reason out otherwise. Obviously such a test
             | would be hard to come up with, hence why we don't seem to
             | be able to talk about this stuff very well.
        
               | Forricide wrote:
               | > I'm thinking: construct a visual scene, object A is on
               | top of object B, etc., and then ask a question that would
               | be obvious to someone actually seeing the scene, but very
               | difficult to reason out otherwise. Obviously such a test
               | would be hard to come up with, hence why we don't seem to
               | be able to talk about this stuff very well.
               | 
               | Yeah. I mentioned this elsewhere in this thread but the
               | big thing that made me understand (some of) the gulf in
               | terms of visual rendering abilities was murder mysteries.
               | I read a lot of them with friends and oftentimes
               | mysteries rely on an ability to construct an image of the
               | scene in your head. Not being able to solve such a
               | mystery doesn't mean you have aphantasia, of course, but
               | there's this feeling for me in these that they're
               | literally impossible, and yet other people can definitely
               | solve them.
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | Without spoilers, could you just list one or two such
               | murder mysteries for me to read both for enjoyment and as
               | a bit of a self-test?
        
               | Forricide wrote:
               | My memory is really bad for this kind of thing, sorry. I
               | think some of Keigo Higashino's recent translated works
               | have this kind of physicality in their mysteries, but I'd
               | have to reread them to remember ahahaha. (But on the
               | enjoyment angle, I do really like Higashino's works, so I
               | do recommend them if you like mysteries)
        
           | mdswanson wrote:
           | You can learn a lot more about aphantasia here:
           | https://aphantasia.com/guide/
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | Yes there are tests, an MRI. Anyone claiming to have it is
           | probably self-diagnosed and full of it. I'm tired of the
           | self-diagnoses of everything trend over the last 5 or so
           | years, sorry if my tone isn't the best.
        
             | downWidOutaFite wrote:
             | I'm tired of all the gatekeeping by the health industry
             | telling us that we need to use their absurd rube goldberg
             | processes, which often tell us "no", to know anything about
             | ourselves.
        
             | in3d wrote:
             | Doesn't apply. Aphantasia is not recognized as a medical
             | issue and there are no official diagnoses being conducted.
        
           | progmetaldev wrote:
           | For myself, I don't think I have aphantasia, unless it is
           | something that can come and go. There are times where I
           | daydream and experience vivid visions akin to psychedelic
           | closed eye visuals (except actual visions, and not geometric
           | patterns). Most of the time when I daydream, I can picture
           | something in my head, but it doesn't have the depth and
           | detail of what I experience when deep in thought.
           | 
           | I'm also not very much of a visual learner. I appreciate well
           | written text to a graphic or diagram when trying to
           | understand something new.
           | 
           | This was just my anecdata to backup your statement about
           | self-reporting, and how any one individual can experience
           | this vastly differently than the next person. I also think
           | that phenomena like this is what is going to end up holding
           | back artificial intelligence, as far as trying to map human
           | mental processes on to computing. We have a long way towards
           | understanding our own minds before we can fully conceptualize
           | true artificial intelligence (although that doesn't make
           | current AI not useful).
        
           | ImPleadThe5th wrote:
           | Yes. My partner was tested for it once by a psychiatrist.
           | From what I remember it's a lot of visual pattern and recall
           | questions.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | I think it might be a literacy that can be honed. A 100 years
           | ago a curriculum was devised to develop commercial art
           | skills. Part of the curriculum I went through required 6
           | hours of life drawing a week for 2 semesters. The likely
           | result is a strong visualization skill that can be expressed
           | on paper
           | 
           | The overall goal was to really see the way the world is
           | perceived.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | I just assumed that everyone has "aphantasia". What does it
         | mean to "picture things in your mind"? How would one explain to
         | another what that meant? How would one be tested to determine
         | if one could do that?
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | A person without aphantasia can experience thoughts as though
           | they were literally seeing the things being thought about.
           | There are varying degrees to it, and this, or something like
           | it, makes the rounds on social media from time to time:
           | https://i.imgur.com/gpN7EcP.jpeg
           | 
           | I'm about a 2-3 when I'm just idly thinking about things, and
           | can get to about a 1-2 if I really concentrate on an image.
           | Subjectively, the images I'm experiencing in my mind aren't
           | exactly the same as actually seeing things, but they're
           | pretty similar.
        
             | krunck wrote:
             | I'm 3.5. It's crazy to me that people can see vivid imagery
             | or rotate 3d objects in their minds eye.
        
           | jermaustin1 wrote:
           | My wife doesn't have it, so when we discovered I had it, she
           | was gobsmacked by the fact that I don't see a green apple
           | when told to picture it. I always though when someone would
           | say "picture it" it was just describe it in as much detail as
           | possible, like reading about it in a book.
        
           | speedylight wrote:
           | Some people like it to call it the "Mind's eye" - Basically
           | you can create images in your mind by just thinking about
           | them. Like if I wanted to "see" a golden retriever, I can
           | just imagine one because I've seen them before, so my mind
           | knows what to do. You can also manipulate those images; so
           | for example instead of the golden retriever being gold, I can
           | imagine it in a purple or green color, etc.
           | 
           | A good analogy is that the human mind can have it's own
           | internal stable diffusion or Midjourney, complete with the
           | ability to give it a "prompt" i.e. thinking about what you
           | want to imagine.
           | 
           | I was surprised to learn a while ago that not everyone can
           | visualize things in their mind. As far testing for it, I
           | don't really know how that would work. I don't think you
           | really need to test for it, I assume most people who can
           | visualize things in their mind know that they can.
        
           | rhinoceraptor wrote:
           | What I imagine it's like is if you can "replay" a song in
           | your head, you don't literally hear it, but it's a very
           | similar feeling as actually listening to the song.
        
         | tiborsaas wrote:
         | Damn, I can't even daydream with aphantasia :/
        
           | jermaustin1 wrote:
           | What about night dream?
        
             | tiborsaas wrote:
             | That's the only case when I can see visual images eyes
             | closed.
        
               | _ink_ wrote:
               | When I close my eyes, I see my eye lids.
        
             | jve wrote:
             | I can night dream. But up until now I didn't even know a
             | daydream existed and this is the first time I hear such a
             | term (well, I'm not native English anyway)
        
             | _ink_ wrote:
             | I rarely remember them. But they are visual and often of
             | places I have been together with persons I know. So the
             | information is in my head. I just cannot access it while
             | being awake. Which sucks.
        
           | _ink_ wrote:
           | Yeah, I can't do it, as well.
        
         | iamthepieman wrote:
         | I don't have aphantasia, quite the opposite, I see things
         | constantly in my head and have to work hard on my environment
         | and myself to be able to focus on the present moment or what's
         | in front of me. I also learned about it from some random
         | internet content (possibly here) and have a hard time imagining
         | what it would be like to NOT picture things in my head. Much
         | like you probably have a hard time imagining the reverse.
         | 
         | I can pull up an image of any place real or "imaginary" at a
         | moments notice, see myself walking around in first or third
         | person view and imagine any number of people or entities in the
         | space. If I'm working on a physical object like a home project
         | or building a piece of furniture or wiring a circuit, I usually
         | start by visualizing it much like 3D modelling software,
         | spinning it around in my mind, looking at it from all angles
         | and modifying as needed before putting my ideas down on paper.
         | Interestingly, this makes using actual 3D modeling software
         | incredibly frustrating because I'm very much a novice and the
         | speed and fidelity of the software in my hands is so much
         | slower than my imagination.
        
           | hskalin wrote:
           | I think I am pretty similar to you. When I was younger I used
           | to build all sorts of things with paper and cardboard and
           | used to imagine the whole thing in 3D and design its cutout
           | template all in my head. I learned about aphantasia a few
           | years back and it sounds very inconvenient to me.
           | 
           | I also have a habit of playing around with imaginary worlds
           | and stories in my head and I pretty much visualize whole
           | scenes and sequences in as much detail as possible. I
           | wouldn't be able to do that with aphantasia.
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | You're right; it's very inconvenient. Especially
             | frustrating because I'm in the same boat as OP: I can
             | absolutely hallucinate, but only if I'm on the edge of
             | dreaming, or actually asleep.
             | 
             | I really wish I could change that. The machinery is clearly
             | there.
        
             | mromanuk wrote:
             | Nikola Tesla was that way
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | I wish I could block out my vision. Whenever I try to imagine
         | something, even if my eyes are closed and I'm in pitch
         | darkness, I still _see_ the darkness. It 's distracting. _How
         | is darkness distracting?_ How is it that the color black, no
         | light at all, is still so _obnoxious_?
         | 
         | It's always _in the way_ of what I 'm trying to imagine, and
         | it's so hard to "see past" the darkness. The only way for me to
         | really imagine something is to actually have my eyes _open_ and
         | stare at _words describing what it is that I 'm imagining_. I
         | can vividly imagine stories that I'm reading, or writing. Or
         | roleplay. But if I want to _daydream_ , it's just not
         | happening.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | It looks like your GPU memory is barely enough to fit video
         | stream from your eyes.
        
           | intelVISA wrote:
           | my buffer runneth over :(
        
         | anoncow wrote:
         | That sounds like a superpower.
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | I feel like we are only scratching the surface of what
         | "aphantasia" means.
         | 
         | I am _nearly always_ a lucid dreamer. The only difference
         | between daydreaming and night-dreaming for me is focus. I play
         | along with my dreams, and laugh at how absurd and illogical
         | they are.
         | 
         | There was _one time_ that I was dreaming so deeply that I could
         | actually see. It was incredible. I decided to fly, and nearly
         | woke myself up from the imagined (but realistically
         | experienced) change of balance.
         | 
         | Outside of that one experience, my inner eye is nearly blind.
         | Consider the experience of walking down the street: you can see
         | what is in front of you, and you can remember what is behind
         | you. My dreams are much more like an invented memory than
         | something seen.
         | 
         | But what about audio? If I could pull the data of my inner
         | (metaphorical) ear, and plug it into a speaker, I could play
         | you a reasonably high-fidelity copy of Metallica's black album
         | (good luck suing _this_ nap-ster) from front to back. Honestly,
         | it 's a bit frustrating that I _can 't_. Playing a musical
         | instrument requires a lot of patience: I can hear any sound I
         | want to at a moment's notice, but making _you_ hear it takes
         | hard work and years of practice.
         | 
         | I have been nearsighted since I was a child. I wonder if living
         | that way - without corrective lenses - played a part in my
         | development.
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | I see flashes of images. I'm so jealous of people that can
         | perfectly replicate 3D images in their head. What a superpower
         | that would be.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | When were you diagnosed by a professional?
         | 
         | Edit: I'll bet my next paycheck they are self-diagnosed.
        
         | grammers wrote:
         | It's fascinating how different minds can process information. I
         | myself have a photographic memory - only one of my kids has it
         | as well. The two of us are constantly being asked where this
         | and that is lying around, and we can always tell while the
         | others in the family wouldn't be able to guess even if they
         | just saw whatever they were looking for. It's simply amazing.
        
       | ConnorMooneyhan wrote:
       | As someone with a terrible memory who grew up with these constant
       | distractions around me, be it a phone or an MP3 player or what
       | have you, I often wonder how much that contributes to my lack of
       | substantial memory about my childhood. While it's not mentioned
       | here, I wonder if the inverse of this finding is true;
       | specifically, if one doesn't have time of "quiet wakefulness",
       | are they likely to experience a larger-than-usual absence of
       | memory?
        
         | yamrzou wrote:
         | Attention (and the absence thereof, i.e. distraction) is
         | definitely related to memory. See:
         | 
         | * Attention and working memory: Two sides of the same neural
         | coin? -- https://research.princeton.edu/news/attention-and-
         | working-me...
         | 
         | * Professor Wayne Wu (CMU) on 'Intending as practical
         | remembering' -- https://youtu.be/okk-fpwcdbY
         | 
         | However, this is about _Working Memory_. Autobiographical
         | memory is also related to the experience of _emotions_ :
         | 
         |  _"Much evidence indicates that emotional arousal enhances the
         | storage of memories, thus serving to create, selectively,
         | lasting memories of our most important experiences."_. From:
         | Making lasting memories: Remembering the significant [pdf] --
         | https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1301209110
        
       | siva7 wrote:
       | Would be interesting to further study the relationship between
       | maladaptive daydreaming and brain plasticity
        
       | stevenjgarner wrote:
       | I would be interested in the behaviors that would be included in
       | "daydreaming". For example, Jeff Bezos recently detailed to Lex
       | Fridman the importance of his daily "wanderings". [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://youtu.be/DcWqzZ3I2cY?si=6wR1HMnjxqxOqHAP&t=1300
        
       | bagpuss wrote:
       | there are some people who can return to the same place in a
       | daydream, this person says she had daydreamed (daydreamt?) 79
       | years of an imaginary world
       | 
       | https://theguardian.com/science/2022/aug/28/i-just-go-into-m...
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | I don't return always to the same one (that sounds boring) but
         | certainly have a "portfolio" of daydreams and scenarios that I
         | go back to. It started as a kid where I'd want to be a cowboy
         | or a longbowman or whatever and just started playing those
         | "movies" in my head. It's odd for me to accept that others
         | don't do this. I would think that everyone can do it, but most
         | people choose not to, the same way everyone can draw and learn
         | how to draw and use that to day dream but most people don't.
        
           | snowram wrote:
           | Same thing happens to me. I swear that I have been in the
           | same imaginary train station at least a dozen of times and in
           | various scenarios. I wish it would have been a cooler place
           | but I often take the train in my life, so there am I. It got
           | even sillier when I got a short phase of lucid dreaming just
           | because I learned over time that this place is in my dreams.
        
       | HenryBemis wrote:
       | I remember reading some years ago on BBC: "Children should be
       | allowed to get bored, expert says"
       | (https://www.bbc.com/news/education-21895704)
       | 
       | It has changed my perception on children's "time management"
       | 
       |  _Children should be allowed to get bored so they can develop
       | their innate ability to be creative, an education expert says._
       | 
       | EDIT: just noticed that article is from 2013 - damn I am old - so
       | are some of my bookmarks.
       | 
       | EDIT2: I like one of the comments made: _Our children (generally)
       | are drowning in communication media and internet trivia. Reading,
       | such a nutrient for the imagination because you have to build
       | mental worlds, is a minority pursuit in teenagers. I 'm a teacher
       | and trying to get kids to read is like pulling teeth._ Yes, an
       | image = 1000 words. So give the kids the words and let them do
       | the mental exercise to build the images, or find the time to read
       | TO your kids if they are too young to read (so they can ask
       | questions - "mum/dad what is XYZ?")
        
       | speedylight wrote:
       | As someone who has a very vivid imagination - daydreaming is
       | second nature to me. It's very useful to me because I can use it
       | to learn stuff by doing my best to simulate how they work step by
       | step, usually all I need is a good description and some
       | background info.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | How much of that imagination is real? For example, can you
         | intersect two dodecahedrons at some random angle and see the
         | outline of the polygon where they intersect?
        
           | datameta wrote:
           | Perhaps you meant to use "accurate" instead of "real"?
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | "Fake" would be a better word. It's easy to convince
             | yourself that you can imagine a tree, but try to inspect
             | it, count leafs on each branch, and you quickly realise
             | that all those leafs are generated on the fly, and what
             | you're really imagining is a very poor sketch of a tree.
        
       | a_subsystem wrote:
       | It is the excrement of thought produced by not 'being aware' as
       | the Buddhists put it. It is the waste of not pouring one's
       | attention into being in the body. When delusion/sleep/loss of
       | 'consciousness' takes hold, this waste will flood into the brain
       | without cessation.
        
         | ConnorMooneyhan wrote:
         | But it actually seems to serve a useful purpose, namely memory
         | consolidation and differentiation between objects/experiences.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | Chill out. Do you not see the arrogance in telling people that
         | what _they_ spend their quiet attention on is childish, stupid,
         | and  "excrement", but what _you_ spend your quiet attention on
         | -- your breathing, your heartbeat, the sound of your liver
         | producing bile, whatever -- is _enlightened_? You don 't sound
         | very enlightened to me, you sound like someone who dips their
         | toe into a cherry-picked version of Buddhism so you can feel
         | better than other people.
        
       | FailMore wrote:
       | I wrote a paper on the relationship between the regions of the
       | brain responsible for day dreaming (or the default mode network)
       | and the dramatically reduced norepinephrine levels that occur
       | (80% below waking) during REM sleep and the contents of dreams.
       | It's called Dreaming Is the Inverse of Anxious Mind-Wandering. If
       | it's something that interests you, you can read it here:
       | 
       | https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/k6trz
       | 
       | It was discussed on hacker news here:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19143590
        
         | yamrzou wrote:
         | Interesting. How is the absence of dreams interpreted from this
         | point of view?
        
           | FailMore wrote:
           | I'm not sure I'm afraid. The best understanding I have is
           | that even though we may not remember our dreams we still do
           | have them (i.e. if you were woken in REM sleep you would
           | likely recall a dream). We remember dreams using the
           | neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. This is responsible for
           | working memory. In the same way that it is difficult to
           | recall a series of random numbers, a dream can quickly slip
           | from memory because of the short term nature of the memory
           | generated by this neurotransmitter. (In my view this supports
           | the view that we act in obviously maladaptive ways dreams in
           | order to highlight this behaviour. If our long term memory
           | was storing these dreams automatically (I think you analyse a
           | dream you do store it in long term memory, but in an
           | intellectual way), we would be reinforcing our maladaptive
           | patterns. By storing the dream in working memory, the brain
           | can highlight the behaviour without reinforcing it.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | I can say that taking Strattera hasn't changed the content of
         | my dreams - they can be pretty vivid but they're never
         | nightmares. Maybe some negative things happen but it doesn't
         | feel like it at the time.
         | 
         | > It is interesting that those who do a lot of mediation have
         | been seen to be less reactive to norepinephrine (a
         | neurotransmitter associated to stress).
         | 
         | But from your older comment, that applies to me.
        
           | FailMore wrote:
           | I am not familiar with Strattera. What does it do?
        
       | mdswanson wrote:
       | I'm also a person with total aphantasia (no voluntary mental
       | imagery). For anyone that's curious:
       | https://aphantasia.com/guide/
        
       | jamiek88 wrote:
       | Has anyone with aphantastia tried MDMA?
       | 
       | The drifting off to sleep on the comedown phase of MDMA made me
       | have incredible minds eye pictures each morphing into the next in
       | a kind of word association.
       | 
       | I am capable of minds eye pictures when sober too but this was
       | next level.
       | 
       | I've always wanted to try legit LSD but never has it found me. I
       | wonder if people with aphantasia respond differently to
       | empathogenic and hallucinogenic drugs.
        
       | tamaharbor wrote:
       | I wonder what the mice daydream of? Endless mazes filled with
       | cheese? Miniature adventures exploring cozy nests? Maybe a world
       | where cats are mere figments of their imagination?
        
       | avazhi wrote:
       | Surely link to the actual paper instead of this quasi pop science
       | junk blog.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06810-1
        
         | realprimoh wrote:
         | This is an unnecessarily rude comment.
         | 
         | The blog post is much easier to comprehend both in format and
         | in writing style than the actual paper, which also is, in fact,
         | paywalled.
         | 
         | I'm absolutely certain that the blog post is the better link
         | here for both understanding and for a better Hacker News
         | discussion here.
        
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