[HN Gopher] WebP is so great except it's not (2021)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       WebP is so great except it's not (2021)
        
       Author : enz
       Score  : 248 points
       Date   : 2023-12-15 11:32 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eng.aurelienpierre.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eng.aurelienpierre.com)
        
       | lelag wrote:
       | I clearly have "non-educated eyes" as I can't see any meaningful
       | differences personally.
        
         | vinaypai wrote:
         | Same here. Especially considering the ones supposedly "look
         | like shit".
         | 
         | The whole thing reads like a no-so-subtle brag about how his
         | mighty photographer's eye can spot details that mere mortals
         | can't.
        
           | ageitgey wrote:
           | Your viewing environment will matter a lot. In a dark room
           | with a bright monitor, the banding in the background of the
           | example images is pretty bad (if you are looking for it). But
           | if you have a laptop in a bright sunny room in front of a
           | window causing back lighting, you probably won't be able to
           | see it.
        
           | gorlilla wrote:
           | It's there. It's very noticeable once pointed out. It
           | drastically distorts the images' 'softness' because of the
           | harsh steps through the gradients. It does not appear as the
           | artist intended for it to, which is the biggest issue.
        
         | dontlaugh wrote:
         | It depends greatly on your device. On my work windows machine I
         | can see a bit of banding. On my phone, it's worse. On my
         | macbook, it's atrocious.
        
         | kome wrote:
         | very interesting, i could clearly see the difference - even
         | before reading. and i'm using a 9-year-old MacBook Air 11'...
         | not bad, but not exactly high-end stuff.
         | 
         | fascinating how perception is different.
        
         | neurostimulant wrote:
         | Good for you. Once you noticed the banding issue, you're cursed
         | to see it everywhere.
        
         | djha-skin wrote:
         | Like most folks you were probably simply looking at the
         | foreground. The background around the edges of the shirt and
         | the edges of the picture (depending on the image) noticeably
         | change color from shot to shot without full screening it on my
         | small Android 12 device.
         | 
         | It's artifacts made in the background of the image that this
         | poster is complaining about.
        
         | squidbeak wrote:
         | My sight's both poor and uneducated, but looking again after
         | the defects are pointed out, they're pretty stark.
        
       | ColonelPhantom wrote:
       | It's such a shame Google decided to block adoption of JPEG XL:
       | it's a strict improvement over classic JPEG (you can losslessly
       | reencode JPEG to JXL and reduce the size, due to a better entropy
       | coder in JXL!) and JXL has various other upgrades compared to
       | 'classic' JPEG.
       | 
       | In the meantime, let's hope AVIF or whatever manages to pick up
       | the slack, and/or other browsers decide en masse to support JPEG
       | XL anyway; that would be a bad look for Google, especially if
       | even Apple decides to join in on the JXL party.
        
         | jfeser wrote:
         | Apple already has! Safari has Jpeg XL enabled by default.
        
         | Latty wrote:
         | I must admit, I'm not sure why JPEG XL is viewed so favourably
         | on HN, it's not something I know a ton about, but my
         | understanding is that the big advantage of AVIF is that you can
         | reuse hardware decoders built into devices for AV1 for the
         | images.
         | 
         | It being a strict improvement over JPEG is nice for the
         | developers not having to go back to the source image for an
         | upgrade, but that seems like a pretty small benefit that only
         | matters during the transitional period.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, if you are getting better battery life every time
         | someone _views_ an AVIF image, that 's a _huge_ benefit for the
         | entire lifetime of the format, it seems to massively outweigh
         | any advantage JXL has, to me.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | JPEG XL is viewed favorably on HN because it's the underdog
           | to evil Google. Before they wrote their complaint article
           | about Chrome removing support (after significant time of
           | noone using the format), noone here gave it a thought. It's
           | not like anyone is attacking Firefox for not enabling it
           | either.
           | 
           | This is not a format quality thing, this is "let's have a
           | chance to complain about Google" thing again ;)
           | 
           | I mean, this whole posted blog is doing a comparison on a
           | single image. Anyone with a bit of thought would dismiss this
           | as ridiculous in first second... but there's the Google name
           | and the HN haters are out of the woods.
        
             | dontlaugh wrote:
             | I don't know, I liked it on its merits before. I'm sure
             | others did too.
             | 
             | Seamless legacy support is very valuable. And it still
             | performs pretty well compared to competitors. I think it's
             | a good default for a lossy network format.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | Firefox nightly has support according to
             | https://jpegxl.io/tutorials/firefox/, of course you're
             | wrong that nobody is attacking FF, but given its tiny niche
             | compared to Chrome it's obviously much less consequential,
             | so the volume attacks on Chrome would dwarf anything FF-
             | related (Safari was also criticized, and they've recently
             | added support)
             | 
             | > after significant time of noone using the format
             | 
             | That's also fasle, this is too new of a format for any
             | significant time of no use to materialize, besides,
             | requiring flags that vast majority of users will not enable
             | is a huge factor limiting widespread use
        
             | orbital-decay wrote:
             | The support was never complete to begin with, so the
             | removal wasn't due to nobody using it. Some rivalry between
             | different teams inside Google is more likely.
        
             | account42 wrote:
             | What a shit take. JXL did have plenty favorable responses
             | on HN before Google removed it for reasons that they never
             | applied to their own formats. And FF did get plenty of
             | complaints for not supporting JXL but those are often shut
             | down with the opposite variant of your take.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | As I work with codecs I've been following the situation
               | quite closely and the attention to XL was pretty much
               | zero until Google decided to not support it.
               | 
               | Moreover, this whole topic is about a comparison over a
               | SINGLE IMAGE. Anyone who ever came close to codecs would
               | immediately dismiss this as ridiculous. Yet here we are.
        
               | nulld3v wrote:
               | I will respond to you since you posted about this so
               | called "SINGLE IMAGE" three times in this post already.
               | 
               | Ackchually, the blog post contains a comparison over TWO
               | IMAGEs. But since you work with codecs, surely you
               | understand that the blog post is complaining about how
               | WebP interacts with gradients in general and not just
               | about the specific images in the blog post.
               | 
               | JXL was getting plenty of attention before the Chrome
               | debacle. Of course it was less than WebP and AVIF but JXL
               | wasn't getting pushed or championed by anyone (other than
               | Cloudinary I think) so JXL didn't have the marketing
               | powers the others had.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | To make a conclusion about how a codec handles image
               | features you need to to quantitative comparison across a
               | big enough data set to make conclusions about any kind of
               | generalized quality.
               | 
               | This goes triple for modern codecs like JPEG XL, VP8/9,
               | AV1/AVIF, etc. because they deliberately make tradeoffs
               | when compressing based on how the image will SEEM to
               | people, not how pixel correct it is. Note just how many
               | people say they barely notice a problem - this is where
               | WebP made the tradeoff. JPEG did it elsewhere (e.g.
               | text).
               | 
               | Cherry-picking a single image is useful only for fanboy
               | screeching.
        
               | nulld3v wrote:
               | > To make a conclusion about how a codec handles image
               | features you need to to quantitative comparison across a
               | big enough data set to make conclusions about any kind of
               | generalized quality. > > Cherry-picking a single image is
               | useful only for fanboy screeching.
               | 
               | Do you really expect a photographer to prepare a
               | quantitative codec comparison benchmark? All they have is
               | anecdotal evidence, and I think it is fair for them to
               | criticize and make decision based off of their own
               | anecdotal evidence.
               | 
               | > This goes triple for modern codecs like JPEG XL, VP8/9,
               | AV1/AVIF, etc. because they deliberately make tradeoffs
               | when compressing based on how the image will SEEM to
               | people, not how pixel correct it is. Note just how many
               | people say they barely notice a problem - this is where
               | WebP made the tradeoff. JPEG did it elsewhere (e.g.
               | text).
               | 
               | No one is going to sit here and claim that WebP performs
               | better on all images or JPEG performs better on all
               | images. Obviously there is going to be some kind of
               | tradeoff.
               | 
               | TBH, my gripe with WebP is not that it's worse than JPEG.
               | IMO it is in fact better than JPEG in most cases.
               | 
               | My problem is that it is only an incremental improvement
               | over JPEGs. We are breaking compatibility with the
               | universal image formats and we get the following
               | benefits:
               | 
               | - 15-25% better compression
               | 
               | - animation
               | 
               | - transparency
               | 
               | - lossless compression
               | 
               | On the other hand, we could break compatibility, adopt
               | JXL and get the following benefits:
               | 
               | - lossy compression on par with WebP
               | 
               | - animation
               | 
               | - transparency
               | 
               | - lossless compression that is marginally better than
               | WebP
               | 
               | - actually kinda not break backwards compatibility
               | because you can convert JPEG -> JXL losslessly
               | 
               | - enhanced colorspace support
               | 
               | - progressive decoding
               | 
               | - very fast decode speed
               | 
               | - support for ultra-large images
               | 
               | Adopting WebP would be great. But why adopt WebP when
               | instead you can adopt JXL which is superior in terms of
               | features and on par in terms of compression?
        
               | edflsafoiewq wrote:
               | The author explains why thinking in terms of averages
               | "across a big enough data set" isn't enough.
               | 
               | >Call me crazy, but I don't give a shit about averages.
               | For a gaussian "normal" process, probabilities say half
               | of your sample will be above and half will be below the
               | average (which is also the median in a gaussian
               | distribution). If we designed cars for the average load
               | they would have to sustain, it means we would kill about
               | half of the customers. Instead, we design cars for the
               | worst foreseeable scenario, add a safety factor on top,
               | and they still kill a fair amount of them, but a lot
               | fewer than in the past. [...]
               | 
               | >As a photographer, I care about robustness of the visual
               | output. Which means, as a designer, designing for the
               | worst possible image and taking numerical metrics with a
               | grain of salt. And that whole WebP hype is unjustified,
               | in this regard. It surely performs well in well chosen
               | examples, no doubt. The question is : what happens when
               | it doesn't ? I can't fine-tune the WebP quality for each
               | individual image on my website, that's time consuming and
               | WordPress doesn't even allow that. I can't have a
               | portfolio of pictures with even 25 % posterized
               | backgrounds either, the whole point of a portfolio is to
               | showcase your skills and results, not to take a wild
               | guess on the compression performance of your image
               | backend. Average won't do, it's simply not good enough.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Image decode is a rather tiny fraction of the loading time of
           | a modern web page, or its power budget...
           | 
           | Thats why, to my knowledge, nobody even bothers to use
           | hardware jpeg encoders/decoders on phones/laptops, despite
           | many bits of silicon having them.
        
             | arp242 wrote:
             | JPEG may be fast enough for all of that, but is that also
             | true for these newer ones? Decoding the .heic pictures from
             | my old iPhone takes 1-2 seconds on my laptop(!!) As near as
             | I could find out that's because the iPhones and macBooks
             | and such all have hardware support for that, and my
             | ThinkPad doesn't.
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | According to the article I've linked above, JXL has twice
               | as many points (don't remember actual speed comparison
               | numbers) in the decoding speed comparison, and is also
               | more parallelizable
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | To be honest I find that a little bit too vague to be
               | useful.
               | 
               | I can't find clear numbers on this, but on e.g. [1] I
               | read it's not too fast, but I didn't try to reproduce
               | their results, and according to some comments a number of
               | factors can greatly affect performance.
               | 
               | [1]: https://old.reddit.com/r/jpegxl/comments/zwftn2/libj
               | xl_on_an...
        
           | chrismorgan wrote:
           | AVIF kinda _needs_ hardware decoding, because otherwise it's
           | considerably _more_ expensive than the traditional codecs.
           | Even with hardware decoding, I'm not sure if AVIF _is_
           | actually faster /chaper--compared in
           | https://jpegxl.io/articles/faq/#%E2%8F%A9speedfeatures,
           | "AVIF" takes 7x as long as libjpeg-turbo to decode, and I
           | don't believe hardware _en_ coders tend to bring that big a
           | performance difference over software, but I'm really not
           | sure.
           | 
           | AVIF reduces the amount of traffic required, but will tend to
           | consume more power. This is the general compression tradeoff.
           | 
           | (Other formats often have hardware decoding support too,
           | incidentally. But a lot of the time they're ignored as too
           | much effort to integrate, or buggy, or something.)
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | > AVIF reduces the amount of traffic required, but will
             | tend to consume more power. This is the general compression
             | tradeoff.
             | 
             | Mobile devices on battery are connected wirelessly, so
             | traffic consumes a _lot_ of power. The faster the radio can
             | power back down the better, so CPU time is usually a
             | worthwhile trade.
        
             | Latty wrote:
             | You kind of ignore the case where almost every device is
             | going to do AV1 hardware decoding (which very much appears
             | to be the trend), if that is significantly faster/cheaper
             | battery wise then AV1 still has a big advantage. Comparing
             | single-core software decoding speed seems like a benchmark
             | designed to make JXL look good, not something that actually
             | matters.
             | 
             | > AVIF reduces the amount of traffic required, but will
             | tend to consume more power. This is the general compression
             | tradeoff.
             | 
             | Again, you seem to be ignoring hardware decoding. Dedicated
             | silicon can be many magnitudes more efficient than doing
             | something in software. To take an extreme example with a
             | ton of effort into the efficiency: look at mining bitcoin
             | on a CPU vs an ASIC. I'm not saying the difference will be
             | _that_ big, but it may well be worthwhile.
             | 
             | As to buggy/too much effort/cost of hardware, that's
             | precisely why it makes sense to piggy-back on AV1, a format
             | that already has a _lot_ of incentive to implement in
             | hardware, and the work already done to make it work well.
             | You _need_ that kind of compression for video, and people
             | _are_ putting in the effort to make it work well, so AVIF
             | gets that effectively for free.
        
           | washadjeffmad wrote:
           | Then doesn't that follow the line of argument for why AV1
           | isn't being adopted, either? Namely, lack of hardware
           | support?
           | 
           | I can understand why jxl isn't a dominant web format, but I
           | don't see where avif has any place being a web format
           | currently.
        
             | Latty wrote:
             | AV1 _is_ being adopted? Almost every modern bit of hardware
             | has AV1 decoding baked into it now, which is a huge hurdle
             | to pass.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | Part of the reason is because it's a technically superior
           | codec, check out John Snyer's series of blogs on comparisons,
           | e.g., https://cloudinary.com/blog/time_for_next_gen_codecs_to
           | _deth...
           | 
           | Video codecs as used for images also have big disadvantages
           | since they weren't designed for many picture-focused
           | workflows
           | 
           | > only matters during the transitional period.
           | 
           | which can be decades, so this matters a lot
           | 
           | > it seems to massively outweigh any advantage JXL has
           | 
           | Since you haven't listed any other advantages outside of
           | downplaying the compatibility during transition, so that's
           | hard to weigh. Also, it's not like, if we're talking about
           | the whole lifetime, hardware couldn't add support
        
             | Latty wrote:
             | The advantage is increased battery life and performance,
             | which is _way_ more important to most end users than any of
             | the advantages I 've seen for JXL. People are not pixel-
             | peeping different images to compare quality, they are
             | annoyed when their battery dies.
             | 
             | As to hardware adding support for JXL, that seems extremely
             | unlikely: image decoding is less impactful than video
             | decoding, and the cost of adding custom decoding silicon to
             | a chip is very high, as is adding support to software for
             | that hardware. Being able to piggy-back on the work already
             | done for video meaning you get that stuff for free makes it
             | _way_ more viable. AV1 decoding is _already_ out there in
             | virtually every new device, and rolling out hardware
             | support is very slow, it 's massively ahead in that
             | respect.
        
           | fold3 wrote:
           | Jpeg-XL is light enough to not require hardware support. Did
           | you tried to transcode a PNG to avif? It's painful. Not the
           | case with Jpeg XL. Meanwhile I urge you to read this article.
           | Jpeg XL has way more features than avif.
           | 
           | https://cloudinary.com/blog/the-case-for-jpeg-xl
        
             | Latty wrote:
             | Hardware decoding can mean less battery usage, which is
             | very big for end users.
             | 
             | I just don't think any of those features matter as much a
             | battery life, most of them are about encoding speed which
             | just seems wildly unimportant to me: encoding may be more
             | work, but generally you view images _far_ more than you
             | make them, and admins and creators are in a better position
             | to spend the time /effort to encode something, and hardware
             | encoding may well end up making it a non-issue anyway.
             | 
             | People are out there running `zopflipng` and the like to
             | try and get better sizes at the cost of more work at encode
             | time, so it seems like that priority isn't just me.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | I have problems w/ AVIF that are like the ones that guy has
           | with WebP. Please don't post a link to the F1 car sample
           | image because I think that image sucks (e.g. a reflection
           | from a surface near the driver's head gets replaced with a
           | different but plausible reflection.)
        
           | gruturo wrote:
           | JXL is an image codec - it can afford to be less efficient
           | (it's not! Other way around, rather) and not be hardware
           | accelerated as its typical use case is not to present 30-60
           | images per second like in a video codec, it will not affect
           | the battery life of a device in any meaningful way. Also, AV1
           | hardware decoding is far, far from ubiquitous so many users
           | would not benefit at all from it.
           | 
           | But - back to JXL vs WebP:
           | 
           | I think Google had genuinely good intentions with WebP, but
           | the effort was somewhat ruined by their culture: they relied
           | too heavily on metrics which aren't always a good proxy for
           | image quality, because humans looking at pictures don't
           | scale, and Google does things that scale. We now have a codec
           | with good metrics, but looks poor.
           | 
           | It's based on the intraframe coding of the VP8 format - a
           | video codec - and I think it suffers from that. Looks OK in a
           | video, but bad in stills where you have more time to notice
           | its warts
           | 
           | Most importantly, it's almost always produced by
           | recompressing a jpeg and causing a generation loss. I don't
           | know of any phone or camera which produces native WebP (maybe
           | some recent pixels? Dunno), and any professional device used
           | in RAW mode usually implies the participation of someone who
           | cares about the finished product and will not want WebP (and
           | will resent when it's used without their consent by
           | webmasters wishing to tick a box in pagespeed, as the author
           | mentions). JXL has a lossless recompression mode in which it
           | just replaces the Huffmann compression stage of an existing
           | JPEG with something more modern, and this results in a pixel-
           | accurate image which is 20% smaller than the original file -
           | this already eat WebP's claimed space saving, and then some,
           | with no generation loss. Based on this fact alone, there
           | shouldn't even be a discussion.
           | 
           | ....but let's have a discussion anyway. A JPEG -> JXL
           | lossless recompression isn't conceptually new - Stuffit
           | (remember them?) did it in 2005, with not enough traction
           | sadly (unsurprisingly since there were patents and licensing
           | costs). Basically it's _still_ a JPEG - if you decompress the
           | final stage of a JPEG, and the final stage of a JXL (or a
           | .SIF), you get the exact same bytestream. While yet another
           | amazing testament of JPEG's longevity and relevance, it is
           | also concerning: How could Google do worse than that??? When
           | basically rezipping (with a modern algo) the existing DCT
           | macroblock bytestream of a 30 year old codec beats your new
           | codec, you should just trash it.
           | 
           | Edit: ...but I forgot to answer your question. Why is JXL
           | viewed so favorably on HN? Because it doesn't suck, and we're
           | sad that Google decided to be a roadblock, and pushing for
           | their own thing, which instead sucks. At least AVIF is way
           | better than WebP, even though it's a monster,
           | computationally.
        
             | jsnell wrote:
             | What you're ignoring is that WebP is from the year 2010.
             | JPEG XL is from 2022. Incidentally, JPEG XL is also a
             | Google project, making your ranting about how bad they're
             | at image formats pretty funny.
        
         | chrismorgan wrote:
         | Google _haven't_ explicitly decided to block adoption of JPEG
         | XL. They removed an incomplete implementation from Chromium
         | which had never been shipped, because it was a maintenance
         | burden and they weren't ready to commit to supporting it.
         | That's quite a different thing. It _may_ indicate a broader
         | strategic direction, but it doesn't necessarily.
        
           | lakpan wrote:
           | I want to believe.
           | 
           | Having an immediate upgrade path to all pictures from the
           | past is too good an opportunity to pass up.
           | 
           | We rarely get a free "compress losslessly" button for our
           | archives.
        
           | lifthrasiir wrote:
           | That charitable interpretation would have been okay unless
           | the Chrome team (yes, "Google" is not a single entity here)
           | tried to publish a faulty benchmark [1] that has been
           | thoroughly criticized [2] which never has been answered so
           | far.
           | 
           | [1] https://storage.googleapis.com/avif-comparison/index.html
           | 
           | [2] https://cloudinary.com/blog/contemplating-codec-
           | comparisons
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | Yeah, I'm quite hopeful that this is one where the developer
           | backlash will cause a U-turn. I suspect it was seen as
           | something that most people didn't care about, and now that
           | it's clear that they do then likely something will be done
           | about. I can't see any reason why Google would be strongly
           | against it's inclusion.
        
           | RedShift1 wrote:
           | The called it technically inferior based on opinions. They
           | didn't do a thorough technical review, and why would they,
           | they have webp. This was absolutely a strategical thing, it's
           | naive to think it isn't.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | Agreed. It's especially infuriating that their arguments
         | against jxl would have applied to webp too (even more so) but
         | for some reason that was pushed trough (as were other Google
         | formats).
        
         | markdog12 wrote:
         | Seems Safari has it enabled by default now, and Apple has
         | support at the OS level. Firefox at least has it under a flag.
         | Chrome team are the odd ones out here.
        
       | V__ wrote:
       | I opened the first two pictures in separate tabs and switched
       | quickly between them. There is zero difference. Tried it on two
       | different monitors, Chrome and Firefox. Same with the pictures of
       | the guy at the end.
       | 
       | EDIT: The last comparison is webp twice, he linked it wrong. Here
       | is the jpg one, still no difference:
       | 
       | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
        
         | Zetobal wrote:
         | Here is the diff: https://imgur.com/a/QT8oNqj
         | 
         | >> To the non-educated eye, this might look ok, but for a
         | photographer it's not, and for several reasons.
         | 
         | webp is a banding nightmare.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > There is zero difference.
         | 
         | There is a clear difference though, I can see it in all my
         | monitors, from desktop to laptop and even mobile. It's
         | especially visible in the top right quarter.
         | 
         | That being said if you're not into photography you might just
         | not care enough to see it
        
         | vardump wrote:
         | I checked those images on a Macbook 16 M2 Max (standard P3-1600
         | nits preset), Chrome 120.0.6099.109. _All_ of the WebP images
         | had pretty bad posterization, while JPEG examples did not.
         | 
         | Edit: You have to actually click for a full size image to see
         | the truth. Those _inline_ images had pretty bad compression
         | artefacts, even the supposed lossless versions.
         | 
         | So https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/sites/8/20... (full size lossless WebP image)
         | looks fine, but inline version of the same image
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | looks terrible.
         | 
         | Edit 2: The difference between...
         | 
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | lossy-noise.jpg (216 kB JPEG)
         | 
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | (150 kB WebP)
         | 
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | (301 kB WebP)
         | 
         | ... is pretty obvious. Both of the WebP examples, even that 301
         | kB version, show clearly visible posterization.
         | 
         | I wonder if there's some issue with the WebP encoder (or the
         | settings) he is using?
         | 
         | Edit 3:
         | 
         | It should be noted that monitor gamma and color profile might
         | affect gradient posterization visibility.
        
           | avereveard wrote:
           | the second image and the third image are half resolution of
           | the other, yeah some posterization is visible in Shoot-
           | Antoine-0044-_DSC0085-lossless-1200x675.webp, but it's half
           | resolution and he purposefully added a high frequency noise
           | for his test then averaged the noise point trough resizing,
           | and well, of course it's blurry.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | > I wonder if there's some issue with the WebP encoder (or
           | the settings) he is using?
           | 
           | I played around with online optimizers and IrfanView which I
           | had locally. IrfanView got the results they did, no matter
           | what else I tuned, obvious degradation at 90. Online
           | optimizers were not even comparable in how bad they were.
           | 
           | edit: I found Squoosh [0], which has WebP V2 compression
           | marked as unstable. It's far better, half the size of JPEG
           | 90, but it's still degraded in comparison. Also, it saves as
           | wp2 file, which neither Chrome nor FF support natively.
           | 
           | [0]: https://squoosh.app/editor
        
           | iSnow wrote:
           | The first link in your Edit 2 section (the JPEG) one is
           | broken, it should be https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/sites/8/20...
        
             | vardump wrote:
             | Thanks! Unfortunately I can't change it anymore.
        
           | vardump wrote:
           | Addendum:
           | 
           | Tried it with a Windows laptop connected to a Samsung
           | LS32A800 32" 4k display. Laptop has factory default settings.
           | Chrome 120. The monitor is pretty low end for a 4k model.
           | 
           | Monitor's picture settings: Custom, brightness 81, contrast
           | 75, sharpness 60, gamma mode1 and response time fastest.
           | 
           | Switched between those three "Edit 2" images _blindly_ , yet
           | the issues are obvious also on this combination.
           | 
           | The JPEG version looks better compared to WebP ones. (Also,
           | this goes against my prior general assumptions about JPEG vs
           | WebP quality.)
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | > I wonder if there's some issue with the WebP encoder (or
           | the settings) he is using?
           | 
           | He's re-encoding the JPEG compressed images. That is a huge
           | mistake.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | It could be partially placebo affect. Its not like he is doing
         | a blinded test.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | It's not, it's just that people who spend thousands of
           | dollars and hours into photography are more susceptible to
           | care. Same with music, most people are fine with $15
           | earphones while musicians or music enthusiasts will find them
           | disgusting.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Music is probably a bad example of your point, as that
             | field is famous for audiophiles insisting they can hear a
             | difference for various things only for them not being able
             | to tell the difference in a double blind test.
        
               | lm28469 wrote:
               | It's more like 64kbs vs 128kbps than copper vs gold
               | cables if you want to keep the analogy
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | Just because there are some 'extreme' weirdos in the
               | audiophile space, doesn't mean that there is no
               | difference between cheap and expensive equipment.
               | 
               | While people might not be able to tell the difference
               | between $50 and $5000 speaker cables, anybody will be
               | able to the hear the difference between $50 and $5000
               | speakers.
        
         | rahen wrote:
         | I can readily tell the difference on the guy's forehead. The
         | webp version has less dynamic and looks like a big white spot,
         | while jpeg has more shades.
        
         | arp242 wrote:
         | I did the same, and it took me a long time to spot it, but in
         | the upper-right corner you see circles in the WebP version.
         | It's outside the centre of attention, so it's not that obvious.
         | Actually, it wasn't until I saw the second picture and knew
         | what to look for that I spotted this in the first picture.
         | 
         | It's not so easy to see if the browser zooms the image, so make
         | sure to open the image and set zoom to 100%. I also need to
         | keep my face fairly close to my screen (12" 1920x1080, so not
         | that large).
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | I always zoom in on pictures on the web to see if the
           | compression is good or if there are artifacts.
        
             | arp242 wrote:
             | I agree, it's not a good example to lead with.
             | 
             | That said, in the context of showing off your photography I
             | can understand considering these kind of artifacts
             | undesirable, even though they're perfectly fine for a lot
             | of other uses. On my own website I spent quite some time
             | downgrading my mugshot to be as small as possible without
             | _too many_ artifacts - it 's now 4.9K in WebP, vs. 9.2K in
             | JPEG before. Maybe that was a tad obsessive though...
             | 
             | I do think the author doesn't quite appreciate that most
             | people are not photographers, and that for most images
             | quality doesn't actually matter all that much.
        
         | enlyth wrote:
         | The gradients in the webp look clearly terrible to me. I'm
         | using a normal 1440p monitor, nothing fancy
        
         | RealStickman_ wrote:
         | The first picture is very hard to spot imo. I had to zoom in a
         | bit to spot it initially. You'll see the "blockiness" is
         | slightly worse in the webp version. (Left side of the image,
         | head height)
         | 
         | For the second image, I opened the jpeg 90 [1] and webp 90 [2]
         | versions. Comparing those two, there are clear banding issues
         | to the right of the neck. Slightly less visible are the darker
         | bands circling around the whole image, though still noticeable
         | if you know where to look.
         | 
         | Comparing the jpeg 90 version with either webp lossless, jpeg
         | 100 or jpeg 95, I can spot some very slight banding in the jpeg
         | 90 version just to the right of the neck. Very difficult to
         | spot though without zooming in.
         | 
         | [1] https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | 
         | [2] https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/sites/8/20...
        
         | a2tech wrote:
         | I thought it was pretty clear. I'm not even running any
         | monitor/computer setup. The light behind her is clearly
         | different, it almost looks like a photo with different
         | lighting.
         | 
         | 4k Dell monitor, Safari on a Mac.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | It's your screen. Maybe we found the ultimate image compression
         | method here- we all just need to use the same screen as you.
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | He also screwed up the 4th and 5th image - one of the ones
         | labeled "85% jpeg lossy" links to the webp.
        
         | Saris wrote:
         | I can see a difference in the gradients, but in practical use
         | on the average website does that even matter?
         | 
         | Photography portfolios are the one use case where having
         | gigantic JPEG 90 images might make sense I suppose. Although
         | everyone is going to get annoyed at your loading times.
        
         | kossTKR wrote:
         | You either have a bad screen or limited eyesight, it's quite
         | funny to me that this is the most upvoted comment.
         | 
         | There's definitely very ugly "banding" going on in the
         | gradients on the WebP versions i say as someone who's worked
         | extensively with UX and interfaces.
         | 
         | I'm on a M2 Macbook Air.
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | I'm looking at an LG UltraFine, which as far as I know, is
           | not a bad screen, but I can't really tell.
           | 
           | I've read all the comments, and zoomed way in. I can see it
           | on one of the pairs if I pay attention, but on most of them,
           | I still am not sure how to even look for the difference.
           | 
           | Last time I had a vision check, I got a 20/15, which is
           | supposed to be better than "normal". It may have declined
           | since then.
           | 
           | I don't think it's a monitor or eyesight thing. I think I
           | don't know "how" to look for the effect I'm supposed to be
           | seeing.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | At 50 y/o my eyesight began to fail and yet the differences in
         | the pictures are freaking obvious. As in: it's impossible to
         | not see how _huge_ the differences are.
         | 
         | And many people commented the same. These simply aren't small
         | differences.
         | 
         | People who cannot see the differences or who only see them
         | after taking a close look should realize something: there are
         | _many_ people for whom the differences are going to be
         | immediately obvious.
        
           | andybak wrote:
           | > People who cannot see the differences or who only see them
           | after taking a close look should realize something: there are
           | many people for whom the differences are going to be
           | immediately obvious.
           | 
           | That's one possible conclusion. Another is that some people
           | are overstating how obvious it is. I don't mean this as an
           | insult - there's plenty of cases where people's stated
           | perceptions and preferences disappear when tested under
           | strict conditions (hello Audiophiles).
           | 
           | So - it's not immediately obvious whether claims such as
           | yours are trustworthy.
           | 
           | (for the record I can see the difference but it's fairly
           | subtle on my screen)
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | It's definitely an objective phenomenon but there's two
             | factors at play: first is the monitor quality. I have two
             | monitors of the same model number but made in different
             | years with obviously different panels (color reproduction
             | is all over the place between them), and the banding is
             | obvious in one monitor but not the other. I can drag the
             | window between screens and it disappears. On my iPhone,
             | it's very obvious.
             | 
             | Second is how much each person's brain interpolates. I got
             | used to those visual artifacts on the web in the early 90s
             | so my brain started doing its own interpolation. It took
             | reading the entire article and flipping tabs back and forth
             | to compare images before I noticed the difference. Now I
             | can't unsee it in other images that I recently converted to
             | webp for a project.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | If I view the full images of the first two in two Chrome tabs,
         | two Firefox tabs, or download them and open then both in
         | Preview on a 27" 5k iMac and flip back and forth between the
         | two I see nothing changing.
         | 
         | There is definitely something changing though, because if I
         | open each in Preview, switch Preview to full screen, set the
         | view to be actual size, and take a full screen screenshot, the
         | screenshot for the WebP image is 14% smaller than the one for
         | the JPEG.
         | 
         | If I use screen zoom to go way in and then flip between the two
         | images I can finally see some changes. The JPEG background has
         | more small scale variation in shade. In the hair there are some
         | white streaks that aren't quite as long in the WebP. Lots of
         | small changes in the shirt, but it is about 50/50 whether or
         | not any given difference there looks better in the JPEG or the
         | WebP.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | This whole thread feels like one of those "I can tell the
           | difference between an MP3 encoded at 320 kbit/s and one
           | encoded at 256 kbit/s!" audiophile threads. Yes, there are
           | probably people out there with well-calibrated ears who can,
           | but I am sure not one of them. FWIW I have a 27" 5k iMac and
           | can't even remotely see any difference between the images.
        
         | rhdunn wrote:
         | There's a clear difference between the JPEG and WEBP versions.
         | Especially on the background on the right of the man.
         | 
         | There are clear bands of various shades of grey that circle out
         | of the brighter areas behind the face and from the mid-right
         | edge. They appear to join about two thirds from the middle to
         | the right edge. That artifacting is most notable at full size,
         | but is still visible on the smaller size on the web page.
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | Lots of replies here saying either: "I can't see the
         | difference" or "Wow the difference is stark".
         | 
         | My takeaway as a non-photographer is: "different tools for
         | different uses". If you're posting photography where image
         | quality matters then use JPEG or another format that you think
         | displays the image best. If you're writing a blog post with
         | screenshots or other images where minute quality doesn't matter
         | that much then use WebP.
        
           | LeoNatan25 wrote:
           | No, in both cases, use something that is better than JPEG and
           | Webp: JPEG XL.
        
             | _fat_santa wrote:
             | JPEG XL is great except is has virtually no browser
             | support[1]
             | 
             | [1]: https://caniuse.com/jpegxl
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | JPEG XL is clearly superior in almost all contexts, but
               | Google killed it and then Apple is trying to support it
               | now. Unless Google reverses its stance though it will
               | stay dead.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | The thing that I like the best about jxl is how consistent
             | the reference encoder is. If I need to compress an entire
             | directory of images, cxjl -d 1.0 will generate good looking
             | images at a pretty darn small size.
             | 
             | Using mozjpeg (SPEG), or openjpeg (JPEG 2000) or cwebp, and
             | I want to get even close (in bpp) to what cjxl does on the
             | default I have to use different settings for b&w vs color
             | and line-art vs photos.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | The author is complaining about the consequences of
         | recompressing images, which are also black and white and have a
         | huge gradient background, and also, the post is full of flaws.
         | I don't know, Hacker News is better as less of a Hacker Rants.
        
           | rollcat wrote:
           | > which are also black and white and have a huge gradient
           | background
           | 
           | That's the entire point of this article. Rather than picking
           | a dozen different kinds of images at random, it considers the
           | problem within the very specific context of actual
           | photographs, made by actual professional photographers, with
           | specific (yet not uncommon) artistic/stylistic choices.
           | 
           | It's like showing why an audio codec sucks for cellos. Yes,
           | there is going to be a hundred other things you may want to
           | record (like a podcast, a rock band, etc), and most of them
           | will not be cellos, but still that doesn't change the fact
           | that the codec sucks for cellos.
        
             | doctorpangloss wrote:
             | The author just makes a ton of mistakes. Many photographers
             | competently shoot and store RAW, and many know better than
             | to mass convert low quality JPEGs to WebP. It's HIS work,
             | he can choose to make as few or as many mistakes with
             | presenting it as possible. So I don't think he's
             | representative of most photographers. It's a technical
             | discipline.
             | 
             | I guess the more technically interesting POV would be to
             | suggest a solution. Probably he should use the black and
             | white profile with HEIF and serve the WebP only to search
             | engines, using the modern image tag.
             | 
             | Or, you could put Y information in the unused UV plane for
             | WebP. I guess you could also decompress the original JPEGs
             | better for the purpose of conversion. While not for him, it
             | takes about 100 lines of JavaScript to author a Mobile
             | Safari-compatible image bitstream, which is very little.
             | The MediaCodecs API is great.
             | 
             | Anyway, the rant elevated my knowledge very little. It was
             | more like anti knowledge. Like if you were to integrate the
             | rant into an LLM, it would produce worse recommendations.
        
         | sxp wrote:
         | I don't see any difference either on Windows on either of my
         | monitors.
         | 
         | I wonder if the author's issue is due to the author using a
         | Mac. Back when I was at Google working on VR images, my work
         | machine was a Macbook and my home machine was a normal Windows
         | desktop. I realized that images looked worse on my laptop's
         | screen because the native resolution of the display hardware
         | was something like 4000 (numbers made up because I don't
         | remember the specs) but the display was set to 3000. So OSX
         | would incorrectly rescale the image using the wrong gamma
         | curves. Since I was trying to calibrate VR headsets, I spent
         | way too much time looking at gamma test images like
         | https://www.epaperpress.com/monitorcal/gamma.html where a high
         | res pure black + pure white grid is shown next to a set of
         | grays. That was how I realized that my Mac was incorrectly
         | resizing the graphics without being properly gamma aware. I
         | also realized that if I set the OS resolution to 2000, it would
         | use nearest neighbor instead of bilinear filtering and the
         | gamma issue would go away. My Windows desktop had the OS
         | running at the native resolution of the display so this wasn't
         | an issue there. This also wasn't an issue if I had an external
         | monitor hooked up to the Mac and set to its native resolution.
         | 
         | Apple users tend to say "it just works" which is true 90% of
         | the time. But there are cases like this where it doesn't "just
         | work" and there was no easy way to force the OS to run at its
         | native resolution on that specific laptop.
         | 
         | Edit: I tested with the second set of images (the upper body
         | shot) and the problems with the gradient are visible there. But
         | I still can't see a different when quickly flipping through the
         | first part of images on my properly calibrated native-
         | resolution monitor. I _can_ see some banding on one of my
         | monitors that was intentionally miscalibrated so that I could
         | read text better.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | It could also be a browser issue implementing webp. There's a
           | decade-old bug in Chrome, where they're using the wrong color
           | profile for CSS, so colors are brighter than in other
           | browsers. It's extreme enough that one of the designers I
           | worked with spotted it in passing just glancing at my Firefox
           | window, which led down a rabbit hole finding the bug report.
           | 
           | https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=44872
           | 
           | Total aside, y'know how people do things like make their
           | smartphones greyscale (or at least mute the colors a bit) to
           | reduce smartphone addiction? It wouldn't surprise me if these
           | over-saturated colors were part of why Chrome got so popular
           | so fast...
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > I opened the first two pictures in separate tabs and switched
         | quickly between them. There is zero difference. Tried it on two
         | different monitors, Chrome and Firefox. Same with the pictures
         | of the guy at the end.
         | 
         | One easy difference to spot is the background in this pair is
         | posterized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterization) in
         | webp but not in jpg:
         | 
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
         | 
         | https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/20...
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | For clarity if anyone is still confused, on Wikipedia's
           | example image, look at the snakes's shadow - that's what's
           | happening to the background in the blog's image.
           | 
           | I didn't know the word "posterization", so I'd describe this
           | (slightly?) more simply as a stepped gradient instead of a
           | smooth gradient.
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | It's because the author is linking to the wrong images.
         | 
         | See my post lower in this thread.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38656046
        
         | mceachen wrote:
         | The same image rendered with different os/hardware will almost
         | always look different.
         | 
         | Different operating systems and monitors have different default
         | gamma curves for rendering brightness and black levels.
         | Monitors are most likely either uncalibrated, or _can't be
         | calibrated_ to render a greyscale with just 64 brightness
         | levels distinctly.
         | 
         | TFA is calling attention to "posterization" in their portrait
         | backgrounds. They expected the grey background to have a smooth
         | gradient, but, depending on your monitor, you should see visual
         | jagged stair-steps between different grey levels.
         | 
         | When an image uses a color palette that's insufficiently
         | variable to render the original image colors with high
         | fidelity, that's "posterization."
         | 
         | (I paid for my college doing high-end prepress and digital
         | image services, and got to work with a ton of really talented
         | photographers who helped me see what they were seeing)
        
       | laserbeam wrote:
       | I know this is not constructive and I'm sorry, but I just can't
       | read the text with those st and ct ligatures. It makes me feel
       | like the author is trolling with them and I shouldn't take the
       | text seriously. I know that's an exaggeration but that's what the
       | design makes me feel.
        
         | rokkamokka wrote:
         | It does really mess up the typography
        
         | muzani wrote:
         | It's like that tiktok voice when used in technical demos. Just
         | can't focus on anything else.
        
         | catach wrote:
         | Luckily Reader Mode or disabling CSS takes care of the oddity.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | I wonder if that would still work if the ligature were done
           | in Unicode instead of CSS?
        
             | catach wrote:
             | Interesting question! The _st_ and _ct_ ligatures used in
             | the article don 't seem to be part of the precomposed Latin
             | ligature set, and what is there strikes me as far less
             | obnoxious [1,2]. I expect it's possible to hack something
             | together with combining characters, but also that the
             | visual result would be far too ugly for the tastes of
             | anyone who was desiring ligatures in the first place.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Ligatu
             | res_i...
             | 
             | [2] https://superuser.com/questions/669130/double-latin-
             | letters-...
        
         | syslog wrote:
         | At first I thought I had an unusual amount of very small hair
         | on my display.
        
           | gorlilla wrote:
           | Very small, curly hairs... hmm. (I might have thought the
           | same thing while reading this on the toilet... so you can
           | imagine the extra layer of credibility that afforded.)
        
         | j1elo wrote:
         | But why to draw hairs between all 'ct' and 'st'? As a non-
         | native speaker, is that some English weirdness that I have yet
         | to learn about?
        
           | colejohnson66 wrote:
           | It's how English was written in the "olden times". At that
           | time, little flairs (such as ligatures) were pretty common,
           | and were very fanciful. Some simpler ligatures (like ff)
           | survive today, but embellished ones (like ct) were toned
           | down. It's just a stylistic choice to draw them one way or
           | another, but it's jarring to see the fancier ones in "modern"
           | texts because we're used to the simpler styles.
           | 
           | Fun fact: The German "eszsett" (ss; U+00DF) is a ligature for
           | "ss" (specifically the "long s"[0] and a normal "s") that
           | evolved over time to be one "letter".[1]
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_s
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sz_modern.svg
        
             | alpaca128 wrote:
             | To me it just feels out of place, like a calligraphy
             | ligature got accidentally mixed with a standard serif font.
             | From what I've seen this kind of ligature is usually
             | applied to many other letter combinations as well, in which
             | case it at least looks consistent.
        
             | JimDabell wrote:
             | The same goes for the ampersand - "et" slowly morphed into
             | "&".
        
             | drewcoo wrote:
             | > It's how English was written in the "olden times".
             | 
             | Exactly.
             | 
             | (skipping some minor details)
             | 
             | When we started printing instead of writing, we dumbed the
             | letterset down into fewer mechanical pieces. Thus earlier
             | printers in English had to use the letter 'f' for the
             | discarded "long 's'" letter, back when the long 's' was
             | still expected by readers.
             | 
             | And that dumbed-down letterset was the one that then made
             | it to typewriters and then our keyboard today.
        
             | datastoat wrote:
             | According to the Wikipedia page for eszett [0] it evolved
             | from "sz", as the name "eszett" suggests. (I only realized
             | the link with "z" when I saw "tz" ligatures on street signs
             | in Berlin.) Given that its typographic origin is sz, and
             | given that its name literally says sz, I wish the spelling
             | reformists had gone for sz rather than ss!
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9F
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | It's one way it was written, I bet. If my experience from
             | old Norwegian church books is any indication, there were a
             | lot of ligature fads. Some liked to replace all double
             | consonants with a single consonant with a line over, for
             | instance. It had a good couple of decades.
             | 
             | Do we really need to continue this stuff on computer
             | screens.
        
           | xmcqdpt2 wrote:
           | Ligatures are old fashioned in English but still very common
           | in French. Some ligatures are actually mandatory (like the oe
           | in coeur, heart) while others like st are pretty common in
           | proper typefaces such as those used for novels. The author is
           | probably French (Aurelien).
        
             | bradrn wrote:
             | They also space out question marks, exclamation marks and
             | colons, which is standard in French but not in English.
        
             | AlchemistCamp wrote:
             | I've been writing almost exclusively in cursive for my
             | entire life past age 8 and that font looks crazy to me. I
             | learned both D'Nealian and Zaner-Bloser in different
             | schools and have seen a lot of my grandmother's writing,
             | which was semi-Spenserian.
             | 
             | The stroke just doesn't go in the right direction for those
             | ligatures. My guess is that this font is based on a French
             | (or maybe other latin) script.
        
               | xmcqdpt2 wrote:
               | These ligatures are definitely French ligatures. See for
               | example this picture from French wikipedia,
               | 
               | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligature_typogr
               | aph...
               | 
               | But also French typographical ligatures (well beyond the
               | syntactic ones that are mandatory) aren't really related
               | to cursives, they are a typographical convention. like
               | the cursive s doesn't look like s and wouldn't have a
               | ligature with t from the top of the t in cursive.
               | (However, at least for French cursives it's common to do
               | a single cross for double tt which I guess is a
               | ligature?)
               | 
               | I also only learned cursives in school. In fact writing
               | in script was forbidden and not taught at all.
        
               | capitainenemo wrote:
               | Perhaps the website was designed for a french audience,
               | and an alternate theme not created for the english
               | localisation of this article...
        
         | lol768 wrote:
         | I also found it distracting, which is a shame, because the
         | actual core of the argument the author is making is an
         | important one.
        
         | jccalhoun wrote:
         | I couldn't read it because it was a tiny column of text at a
         | tiny font size with the rest of the screen being wasted space.
         | Thank goodness for reader view.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > I'm sorry, but I just can't read the text with those st and
         | ct ligatures.
         | 
         | The whole font is bad. It looks pixilated and blurry, which can
         | only be explained by that being the intended look. It's
         | bizarre.
        
           | unconed wrote:
           | HN, where text looking bad on your machine means the designer
           | intended for it to be unreadable. Isn't that more bizarre?
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | It doesn't look pixelated on my machine, it looks pretty nice
           | - here's a screenshot at 200% zoom:
           | 
           | https://i.imgur.com/WE1tbIB.png
           | 
           | The ligatures are definitely an unusual artistic
           | choice...seems like the sort of thing you'd finally get used
           | to 4 chapters into a book, but until you're immersed in it,
           | it's quote distracting.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | The font looks much less ill-defined and irregular if I
             | tell the browser to enlarge the text to 130%. There are
             | still some issues at that size.
             | 
             | But I'm not going to judge it by how it looks after I do a
             | manual adjustment. The way it's presented is terrible. It
             | somehow manages not to fit into the pixel grid of my
             | 15-inch 3840x2160 screen. These are not large pixels!
        
         | qhwudbebd wrote:
         | I assumed they were intentional for editorial effect:
         | deliberately designed to disrupt the flow of a reader
         | attempting to follow the text, in the same way that he claims
         | the compression artefacts disrupt the perception of a skilled
         | photographer trying to use the heavily compressed webp and jpeg
         | images.
        
         | micheljansen wrote:
         | Somehow these ligatures trigger subvocalization in my brain,
         | with the silent "author's voice" speaking with a lisp. Probably
         | not what was intended.
        
         | amne wrote:
         | I wiped my phone screen a few times until I accepted it is part
         | of the text. Is that a toggle in the text editor? And if it is
         | then should reader clients have a counter toggle for it? I'm
         | thinking autocrlf style.
        
         | RheingoldRiver wrote:
         | This site made me add my first-ever global Stylus sheet:
         | 
         | * { font-variant-ligatures:unset!important; }
         | 
         | I'm pretty infuriated that this is necessary, why would someone
         | abuse readability so much for their own personal satisfaction
         | about how "cool and unique" they are? Usability. Comes. First.
        
           | jakubmazanec wrote:
           | I wouldn't turn off all ligatures, some of them are actually
           | useful.
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | It's their website. They can do with it whatever the hell
           | they want with it. They owe random people on HN exactly
           | nothing. And you can also do whatever the hell you want on
           | your website, because that's your website.
           | 
           | You also need to reset "font-feature-settings" by the way.
        
             | INGSOCIALITE wrote:
             | and he can globally remove whatever he wants from being
             | displayed in his browser with global style overrides!
             | 
             | what a glorious world we live in
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | They didn't just add a tip how to override it, they said
               | this should not be done at all.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Yeah, that got on my nerves too. Ligatures (like kerning) are
         | supposed to help make reading more fluent and otherwise blend
         | in, not stand out like a sore thumb. Really not sure what
         | _those_ ligatures are supposed to say -  "wow, look how cool
         | this font is, it has _ligatures_!!! "?!
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | I was going to suggest blocking web fonts with uBlock Origin,
         | but I get them even with JS and fonts blocked.
         | 
         | Turns out a CSS rule does this:                   font-variant-
         | ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures contextual
         | historical-ligatures;
        
           | capitainenemo wrote:
           | I didn't really understand what everyone was talking about
           | since I use a combination of uMatrix and noscript and
           | noscript blocks webfonts by default. But, after whitelisting
           | his site, eh, it didn't bother me. I guess it's what one is
           | used to.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | Agreed, I don't understand why anyone would use ligatures like
         | that on body text. Add them to titles you want to look
         | particularly fancy if you must but please don't mess with the
         | readability of anything longer than a paragraph.
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | I even went so far as to check the html code of the page to
         | find out what was going on there. It is annoying, almost
         | snobbish.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | I read this comment. I thought, "wow typical HN, someone has
         | taken the time to write this big blog post and the top comment
         | is about some stupid little typographic detail."
         | 
         | Then I went to read the text and... :(
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | I dont get it.
       | 
       | The author seems to care highly about image quality, but also
       | wants to squeeze out as many bytes as possible?
       | 
       | Bandwidth is cheap. If we are talking about photography as art,
       | why would you be trying to scrap a few kb off in the first place?
        
         | tommica wrote:
         | Because not all countries have cheap or unlimited bandwidth
        
         | rahen wrote:
         | You missed the point he's making: webp requires 30% more data
         | to achieve the same dynamic than jpeg, so there's no real use
         | for it.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Did he make that point? The only time he thought they were
           | equivalent was when using lossless mode, which is not a
           | reasonable comparison. He never actually compared webp at 30%
           | more quality than jpeg.
        
             | rahen wrote:
             | > "WebP is actually 39 % heavier than JPEG 85 plus noise
             | for a similar-ish look on this difficult picture, and still
             | not totally as smooth as the JPEG (there is still a tiny
             | bit of ringing). It's also 30 % heavier than JPEG 90 with
             | simple Floyd-Steinberg dithering."
        
             | iainmerrick wrote:
             | He did, about halfway through:
             | 
             |  _WebP_ [lossy, 96] _is actually 39 % heavier than JPEG 85
             | plus noise for a similar-ish look on this difficult
             | picture, and still not totally as smooth as the JPEG (there
             | is still a tiny bit of ringing). It's also 30 % heavier
             | than JPEG 90 with simple Floyd-Steinberg dithering._
        
         | neurostimulant wrote:
         | The author is also a web designers that primarily use
         | wordpress. Wordpress website owners these days would put their
         | site into pagespeed insight and that tool will advise that
         | images to be converted to webp, then demand their web guy to do
         | it. I imagine the author got tired of seeing images on their
         | sites ruined but can't do anything because that's what the
         | clients want to tick off a box in pagespeed insight.
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | Because it's a substantial amount of effort to upgrade to the
         | "new" tech, and he's showing that the "new" tech is actually
         | worse than the "old" tech of reliable old jpeg.
         | 
         | > Bandwidth is cheap.
         | 
         | Labour is not. Just leave your jpegs as-is!
        
         | palata wrote:
         | It's more nuanced than that: the author compares two lossy
         | compressions and gives their opinion about which one is better.
         | 
         | It is not honest to say "use my compression algorithm, it is
         | better" and then, when people point out that it is actually
         | worse, to say "well if you care about quality, you should not
         | compress anyway". It doesn't make the algorithm any better.
        
         | whoopdedo wrote:
         | The repeated callouts to PageSpeed imply that their concerned
         | about search placement, which is understandable for the
         | profession. If your site is bumped off the first page because
         | Google doesn't like that you're still using JPEG that's lost
         | income for you.
         | 
         | It can also be an issue if a client asks for WebP. Do you give
         | in and deliver a lower quality image and allow your art to be
         | displayed in a degraded manner? Losing future clients who think
         | your photos look bad. Or refuse out of dignity and lose the
         | current client?
        
       | rado wrote:
       | Yes, there is some banding, because it's a web format designed
       | for small file size. 10-bit AVIF has smooth gradients in smaller
       | size, thought not as well supported yet.
        
         | iainmerrick wrote:
         | But why should it be worse than JPEG in that respect? It's a
         | much newer format and supposedly much better.
        
           | seba_dos1 wrote:
           | It's just a happy accident that the way JPEG compresses
           | things and smooths them out visually happens to be an
           | advantage in this particular edge case.
        
             | nicole_express wrote:
             | I wouldn't call it a happy accident; JPEG was carefully
             | designed to look good for single-frames with the
             | limitations of the human eye taken into account.
             | 
             | WebP is based off of a video format, and tradeoffs there
             | are very different.
        
       | hackererror404 wrote:
       | Isn't this like anything else? No one size solution typically
       | works for everything. If you are a photographer/artist and true
       | close to perfect rendering is for you... don't use WebP as the
       | format to present your images.
        
       | snvzz wrote:
       | webp should have been skipped entirely.
       | 
       | Let's focus on AVIF.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | > Let's focus on AVIF.
         | 
         | That's a weird way to write JPEG XL.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | >JPEG XL
           | 
           | What's the legal/licensing status of that?
           | 
           | How does it compare technically to AVIF?
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | Honestly, for these cases focus on JXL. It supports lossless
         | re-packaging of existing JPEG with compression benefits, more
         | or less matches AVIF while having much options for much better
         | compression times.
         | 
         | But if JXL isn't an option, definitely AVIF.
        
       | axlee wrote:
       | Unless the OP is using a 8K monitor with professional color
       | grading, I don't understand how he can say that some of these
       | pictures are "looking like shit". They all look exactly the same
       | to me on my regular 27" 1080p, on my 27" 2K or on my iPhone.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Easily visible on my air M1, 1080p gaming monitor and pixel 3
        
         | rutierut wrote:
         | Probably if you're working a lot with photography compression
         | artifacts start to become a real eyesore. Especially the first
         | lower quality webp image does look like shit to me but I also
         | realize a lot of other people would not consciously notice.
         | 
         | The banding is just not supposed to be there.
        
       | rsp1984 wrote:
       | This seems to be in the same spirit as audiophiles claiming they
       | can hear the difference between various speaker cables, or the
       | "hints of dark chocolate" in wine tasting.
       | 
       | Personally I see zero differences in the images on that page and
       | unless the author has some really super-human vision abilities
       | (possible! but unlikely) my guess is he doesn't either. WebP
       | looks perfectly fine to me.
        
         | lol768 wrote:
         | It's very easy to see the banding if you have a half-decent
         | monitor. You don't even need to view the images fullscreen -
         | and I say that as someone short-sighted with deuteranomaly.
        
           | f1shy wrote:
           | I think deuteranomaly plays absolute no role in B&W images.
           | And if any, helps to view defects that other don't. I have
           | it.
           | 
           | The artefacts are visible mostly in the background, where
           | frankly I do not care.
        
         | ageitgey wrote:
         | > This seems to be in the same spirit as audiophiles claiming
         | they can hear the difference between various speaker cables, or
         | the "hints of dark chocolate" in wine tasting.
         | 
         | I can see why it would seem like that if you aren't seeing it,
         | but it's not the case. The differences in color banding are
         | pretty big if you are on a screen where you can see the
         | background shading clearly.
         | 
         | The brightness of your monitor and the relative brightness of
         | your room will matter a lot. In a bright room, you might not be
         | able to see the subtle banding in the background of the images.
         | But if you are looking at a bright monitor in a dark room, the
         | difference is very obvious.
        
           | red_trumpet wrote:
           | > In a bright room, you might not be able to see the subtle
           | banding in the background of the images.
           | 
           | You are right. I just made my room dark to try this out, and
           | now I can see the banding!
        
         | xmcqdpt2 wrote:
         | To me the banding in the "lossless" (do words mean nothing
         | anymore !?) webp pictures is super clear and looks like how I'd
         | expect low quality JPEGs to look.
         | 
         | It's the same kind of artifact that makes certain movies look
         | terrible over netflix, those that have large dark blank spaces.
         | Maybe you shouldn't look to closely because once you see it,
         | it'll ruin your enjoyment of certain compressed media forever.
         | 
         | And by the way I don't think the comparison with audiophile
         | equipment is fair. In the audiophile case we are talking about
         | using very similar output hardware to output what is
         | effectively the same signal. Here we have huge differences in
         | file size (35% and more between JPEG and WEBP, a lot more than
         | that for true lossless), and taking diffs between them shows
         | very much that the signal isn't the same.
         | 
         | There is a compression limit under which you can see it's
         | compressed, right?
         | 
         | https://vole.wtf/kilogram/
         | 
         | So it makes sense that there is some threshold sensitivity
         | where a picture starts appearing "lossless". That threshold is
         | going to be different from device to device and person to
         | person.
        
       | cybrox wrote:
       | It seems I have an uneducated eye by their standards, because I
       | barely see any difference, which I'm happy to admit, but I think
       | the author misses the point of webp completely.
       | 
       | The format is intended to bring down the file size of graphics in
       | general, not high-level photography which accounts for probably
       | 0.5% of the images on the internet.
       | 
       | This is a case of the best daily driver car won't be good enough
       | for a race car driver.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | Yeah this article comes off as almost idiotic to me. It is
         | entirely irrelevant unless you're supporting high-quality
         | photography on your site, in which case, yeah obviously you're
         | going to be careful about how you compress your images.
         | 
         | For the vast majority of web images, use webp if it's smaller.
         | Minuscule artifacts and judgy designers aren't going to get in
         | the way.
        
       | mihaic wrote:
       | This article didn't go into the biggest problem with webp for me:
       | the inconveninence of the format outside the browser compared to
       | the small space saving. There are better formats (the video-codec
       | inspired ones like heif, avif, and what might come out of h266,
       | or even jpeg-xl), and webp just seems like a compromise without
       | enough upside.
        
         | RealStickman_ wrote:
         | WebP is actually based on a video codec. It's just that VP8
         | pretty much never caught on with hardware encoders/decoders
         | apparently.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | VP8 was never competitive so most of the energy went into
           | VP9, which did beat H264.
        
             | hot_gril wrote:
             | It beat H.264 in terms of quality/size but not in terms of
             | hardware support. This is why Google Meet is the laggiest
             | video conference software, they keep trying to make VP9 a
             | thing while the others stuck with H.264. And now there's
             | H.265.
        
               | mihaic wrote:
               | I remember doing bluray re-encodes back in that day. x264
               | was simply better as an encoder when compared to vp8 and
               | you knew that at least in terms of software everyone had
               | a compatible decoder in their preferred codec-pack.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Oh yes, with uh websites where you download said re-
               | encodes, there'd always be a few uploads with weird
               | encoding and the author screaming in the comments that
               | it's better and you gotta use the bleeding edge VLC
               | before complaining that it doesn't work.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Google marketed it that way but I could never reproduce a
               | meaningful size savings without noticeable quality loss.
               | You need to serve a LOT of video before even the top-end
               | 10% savings was worth it, especially if your traffic was
               | spread across many items so doubling your storage cost
               | cancelled out a fair chunk of the total. I have no doubt
               | that YouTube saw a savings but I don't know how many
               | other sites did, and I would be curious what the savings
               | was relative to the extra power used by the millions of
               | client devices which could've streamed H.264 at 10% CPU
               | versus having the fan on high.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | If users don't have hardware accelerated video decoding,
               | it's so bad that it actually hurts the experience. I
               | can't imagine that being worth the space savings. There
               | doesn't have to be a good reason YouTube does it, it
               | might just be someone wanting to insert their tech, which
               | I'm pretty sure is the reason Meet uses it.
        
         | ghusto wrote:
         | I feel your pain. Right-click, save as, and ... awww-goddamn
         | it, another WebP >:|
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | I always screenshot them lol
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | My favorite is the URL ends with jpg but when you save the
           | image you get a fucking WebP. Thanks everyone for breaking
           | the Internet in the name of Google. The best.
        
         | AJ007 wrote:
         | Even worse that the original blog post, because of this you may
         | be dealing with a JPEG image, converted to WEBP, and then back
         | to JPEG. And then maybe someone edited that JPEG and it got
         | converted back to WEBP!
         | 
         | A large chunk of the hn commentors are debating over banding
         | they can or can't see in a best case scenario WEBP image. The
         | reality is the bulk of the WEBP images look horrible, something
         | I've started to really notice only recently. Of course, you can
         | "clean" the images by using different generative upscaling
         | processes now, which is pretty ironic how much electricity we
         | are using because someone wanted to save 45kb.
         | 
         | Also this reminds me a lot about GIFs being converted to JPEGs.
         | 25~ years ago there was a lot of nice, clean GIF screenshots
         | (256 colors was all you needed) that got destroyed by JPEG.
         | 
         | Google tells developers to use WEBP but has no problem serving
         | petabytes of video ads no one wants to watch!
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | I can see some banding on the one labeled webp lossless. What
       | gives? Is the banding in the source material? Are we using a
       | different definition of "lossless" than i am used to?
       | 
       | Edit: i think maybe my browser is scaling the photo which is
       | adding artifacts.
       | 
       | Edit2: maybe the thumbnails are scaled at different quality
       | levels???
        
         | RealStickman_ wrote:
         | You have to open the images in a new tab to get the full res
         | version. Then the webp lossless looks perfect.
        
         | kmoser wrote:
         | > maybe the thumbnails are scaled at different quality
         | levels???
         | 
         | Agreed, the WebP lossless version looks pretty bad when scaled
         | by the browser. And since virtually no website/device shows
         | images at their native resolution these days, that's something
         | to consider.
         | 
         | On the other hand, most people these days view websites on
         | their phones, so those artifacts will be harder to see.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | I dont even think its that - it seems like it was scaled
           | badly by the author of the post not the web browser and that
           | he is not actually displaying the lossless version. If you
           | click on it it goes to the lossless version but the version
           | dispkayed on page is not that version.
        
       | kvrck wrote:
       | I don't get the point of complaining about losing such small
       | details that non-educated eye can't see for a compression format.
       | 
       | That's the whole point of compressing the image, isn't it?
       | 
       | To me, it looks like webp does its job.
        
         | truculent wrote:
         | OP is a photographer and is pretty clear about that being part
         | of their motivation:
         | 
         | > Stick to JPEG at 90 quality (or at least 85) if images matter
         | to you, e.g. if you are a visual artist. If images are pretty
         | decorations for your textual content, it doesn't matter.
        
       | barrkel wrote:
       | The gradients on webp frequently look like video stills. Chroma
       | subsampling reduces the density of available luminance
       | approximations and the more heavily it's applied, the worse
       | gradients look. High contrast high frequency details aren't
       | affected much, but gradients can really suffer.
        
         | CyberDildonics wrote:
         | _Chroma subsampling reduces the density of available luminance
         | approximations_
         | 
         | Chroma means color, and color subsampling is used to avoid
         | taking information out of luminance channels because they are
         | more important, so it is actually the opposite of what you are
         | saying here.
        
           | barrkel wrote:
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=gradient+banding+4:2:0
           | 
           | There simply aren't enough bits of precision in the luma
           | encoding for good gradient support most of the time, chroma
           | fills the gaps, and chroma subsampling produces artifacts.
           | 
           | Webp lossy only does 4:2:0
           | 
           | https://groups.google.com/a/webmproject.org/g/webp-
           | discuss/c...
           | 
           | These problems would go away with 10-bit AIUI. AVIF supports
           | 10 bit but WebP does not.
        
             | CyberDildonics wrote:
             | I think you're conflating a few different things. Chroma
             | doesn't fill gaps, low resolution chroma channels introduce
             | artifacts of their own.
             | 
             | This is spatial resolution, 10 bit color channels is
             | quantization resolution of the values. Everything
             | contributes to banding artifacts, which are just noticeable
             | changes in values when that are meant to be perceptually
             | smooth, but the luminance channel is the most important,
             | which is why it isn't subsampled.
             | 
             | These are fundamentals of image and video compression and
             | not unique to webp.
        
         | zerocrates wrote:
         | I was going to say, it's not uncommon to see pretty bad banding
         | in dark gradients with WebM/VP9, so this makes some sense.
        
       | mngdtt wrote:
       | All of these new formats like webp or avif look like shit. They
       | look like screenshots from videos, which is what they literally
       | are.
        
       | rutierut wrote:
       | The uncompressed WEBP image looks terrible to me with a lot of
       | banding on Safari mobile. Did the author accidentally switch
       | images or is Safari doing some "optimization"?
        
       | ncruces wrote:
       | There's pretty bad posterization in the background. If you can't
       | see it, kick up your contrast. You don't need HDR levels of
       | contrast to notice it.
        
       | kome wrote:
       | Clearly, from reading the comments here, most people don't see
       | any difference. However, the argument still stands, and perhaps -
       | precisely because of the comments here - it becomes even
       | stronger: there is no point in using WebP.
        
         | xmcqdpt2 wrote:
         | The article is talking specifically about portfolio pictures
         | for photographers. I that case, it doesn't matter what most
         | people see, it matters what the person hiring you sees. And if
         | you are doing commercial product photography, the person hiring
         | you is probably going to be an art director who has spent many
         | days messing about with pictures to get smooth background on
         | websites and in print.
        
       | Beijinger wrote:
       | The author may be right but he definitely does not understand the
       | difference between good and good enough.
        
         | iainmerrick wrote:
         | Is it really unreasonable for a photographer to have a higher
         | standard of "good enough"?
         | 
         | Anyway, his point is that JPEG was already "good enough", and
         | WebP is not actually "good" for his purposes despite claims
         | that it's better than JPEG for all purposes.
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | His claim is too broad. Why not serve RAW files? For the real
           | enthusiasts
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | Because you wouldn't see the difference in quality while
             | the size difference would be huge
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | > To the non-educated eye, this might look ok, but for a
       | photographer it's not, and for several reasons.
       | 
       | There surely must be better examples to show "non-educated" plebs
       | (to use the tone of the post) why webp is bad and to justify the
       | post and the tone.
       | 
       | I'm on Android, maybe this is why all pic quality look the same?
       | 
       | Also - yeah, if you are making pics for educated eyes: don't use
       | tech that is not suitable for educated eyes? Or don't outsource
       | that decision making to others?
        
         | supriyo-biswas wrote:
         | See the discussion here [1], you need to view it full size to
         | be able to tell.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38653224
        
           | chmike wrote:
           | A close up section of the same zone in the images would make
           | them visible. I could hardly see the artefacts in the first
           | place as my attention was caught with the highly contrasted
           | parts of the images.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | ...so essentially WebP is fine for mobile devices and the
           | vast majority of desktop web cases. I'm fine with WebP not
           | being a suitable format for permanent storage of photography.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | No, I can see it on Android without zooming in. Not well for
           | sure, but it is there towards the corners.
        
         | ubercow13 wrote:
         | The authors point is that if you are making this tech, you
         | should have educated eyes.
         | 
         | And given all the confident comments in this thread claiming
         | the author is full of shit and there's no difference, I think
         | their frustration is justified? If you can't see the difference
         | in the first images that's fine but you probably shouldn't be
         | confidently claiming to know better than the author, let alone
         | _designing an image codec_.
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | Still, the author could do more to highlight the differences
           | using zooms and annotations. The banding in the background is
           | particularly strong and would help their point to highlight
           | visually to the reader.
        
           | BackBlast wrote:
           | There's room for different opinions.
           | 
           | His font choice is terrible for my legibility. Maybe for
           | others it's great. But it made the already difficult article
           | that much harder to read. And I like this topic. I already
           | seriously question his sense of what is reasonable and good
           | and for what purpose. His purposes are so alien to mine that
           | his opinion ends up being pretty irrelevant to mine. I wish
           | him well with his.
           | 
           | I can't see the things he's pointing out in the images, and I
           | tried and tried.
           | 
           | I use webp extensively, there have been zero complaints from
           | users about the images. But I don't make art sites. I make
           | software people use to get stuff done. I don't transfer
           | images above maybe 50-80k. Art, aside from modest marketing,
           | is most definitely not the point.
        
             | ubercow13 wrote:
             | If you tried and couldn't see, it might be like others say
             | that it's more visible on certain monitors and setups. But
             | then, again - if you are designing codecs or choosing them,
             | you probably want a monitor that makes it easy to see these
             | things. I can see them on my old iPhone screen.
             | 
             | It reminds me of how sometimes you see a huge billboard
             | hideously strong 10 foot wide JPEG compression artifacts.
             | It was someone's job to make those, too.
        
               | BackBlast wrote:
               | > But then, again - if you are designing codecs or
               | choosing them, you probably want a monitor that makes it
               | easy to see these things
               | 
               | You keep bringing this up. I don't really care. Someone
               | designing a codec may have put this apparent problem case
               | on the don't-care list as well. I would be in general
               | agreement with the designer's priorities for a reasonable
               | web codec.
               | 
               | I have, with some care, selected webp as a general codec
               | for web use on most of my sites. Nobody is complaining,
               | and my page weights and development speed is improved. I
               | don't have to fret between png+transparency and jpg to
               | minimize asset size while maintaining it's usability. I
               | just use webp and most of the time it's a size/speed win
               | with good enough quality.
               | 
               | Not every codec needs to be artist and photographer
               | approved.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | For starters, anyone that ever worked with a codec, will know
         | that you don't compare them with ONE SINNGLE IMAGE.
         | 
         | This whole basic idea of the blog post is just to generate more
         | whining and clicks and not to actually make a comparison
         | between formats that's worth a basic smell test.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | This cuts against WebP more: all of Google's marketing was
           | "it's a third smaller!!!!" and then when you looked they were
           | comparing it to unoptimized libjpeg outout and using
           | computational metrics like SSIM which only crudely
           | approximate what humans notice about image quality.
           | 
           | I did the same comparison the author did when WebP came out
           | but used an optimized JPEG encoder and found the same
           | conclusion: when you produced subjectively equivalent images,
           | the savings were more like -10% to +15% and for web sites
           | which didn't get Google-scale traffic the performance impact
           | was negative since it made caching less effective and you had
           | to support an entire new toolchain.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | In what way does "anything cut" against anything when you
             | do cherry picked single datum point comparison?
             | 
             | There isn't a codec pair in this world where you can't make
             | a cherry picked comparison where one of them is worse (I've
             | done plenty of those).
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Criticism of cherry-picking cuts against WebP because the
               | marketing campaign for that codec relied on cherry-
               | picking both the least optimized JPEG codec and the most
               | favorable metrics for comparison. If you had humans
               | comparing images or enabled JPEG optimization you saw far
               | less exciting numbers for WebP - usually under 10%
               | savings, not uncommonly negative - and there were other
               | formats which consistently outperformed it. You can see
               | the mood around that time here:
               | 
               | https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2014/mozjpeg-3-0/
               | 
               | Even a decade later, however, Google repeats the 25-34%
               | claim and their performance tools tell developers they
               | should use a modern format, which by sheer coincidence
               | means the one they invented rather than the best ones on
               | the market.
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | Except the problem isn't in a single image, it is a
               | pattern that is frequently there and the image was only
               | used to demonstrate it. WebP has this problem way back as
               | one of the reason others were hesitant to support it
               | except Google.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | It is basically the same with all On2 Media marketing. From
             | WebP, VP8, VP9 to AV1. And it has been going on for over a
             | decade.
        
         | djha-skin wrote:
         | I too am on Android.
         | 
         | I was able to see it without full screening.
         | 
         | Look at the man with his face screwed up. Look at the edges of
         | his shirt near his shoulders.
         | 
         | In the pictures that had bad image quality, there is a sort of
         | glow around his shoulders, as if they are backlit.
         | 
         | In the pictures that had a good image quality, The gradient was
         | smooth. There was no backlit glow around his shoulders; it just
         | looked like a smooth gradient background image.
         | 
         | To be clear, I'm not a photographer. I'm a DevOps engineer. The
         | last time I professionally wrote a line of JavaScript was at
         | least 11 years ago.
         | 
         | It's easy enough to see.
        
       | PetitPrince wrote:
       | A bit of context: Aurelien Pierre is known to be a major
       | contributor to Darktable (open source raw developper / catalog ;
       | in other words, an open source Adobe Lightroom), and is known to
       | have strong opinion about the correct way do to stuff, to the
       | point of abrasiveness and to the point where he has forked
       | Darktable into its own stuff (Ansel; see HN discussion some times
       | ago https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38390914 ).
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | Thanks for the info, going to have to check out Ansel. Do you
         | know if its still compatible with the Darktable formats?
        
           | gen3 wrote:
           | I'm not sure what you mean by formats. It should support all
           | the old raw/jpeg formats, or at minimum it has for me
        
       | rpgbr wrote:
       | I'm all in _.avif. Smaller files and excellent image quality. But
       | I always have a fallback to_.png or _.jpg. We're not there yet --
       | looking at you, Edge, the only major browser that doesn't
       | support_.avif.
        
       | hannob wrote:
       | Is webp still relevant these days?
       | 
       | You can use picture/source/srcset to provide different image
       | formats depending on browser support. avif for modern browsers,
       | jpg for maximum compatibility. Means people with old browsers
       | will either get lower quality or a few more bytes, but that seems
       | like an okay tradeoff.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | jxl for modern browser, jpg for the rest would be a much better
         | solution, especially if the source is jpg
        
       | lifthrasiir wrote:
       | > It's not 100 % clean either, but much better. Granted, this is
       | WebP re-encoding of an already lossy compressed JPEG, so we stack
       | 2 steps of destructive compression. But this is what Google Page
       | Speed insights encourage you to do and what a shitload of plugins
       | enable you to do, while pretending it's completely safe. It's
       | not.
       | 
       | > I have seen a similar effect in other similar pictures : always
       | pictures with large, smooth, gradients in the background, which
       | happens a lot when some punctual-ish light falls off a wall.
       | That's not something accidental, smooth fall-off are actively
       | built by photographers to create organic-looking backgrounds with
       | just enough of texture to not get boring, yet discrete enough to
       | not draw attention off the foreground/subject.
       | 
       | I think this rant could have highlighted these paragraphs a lot
       | more, because these are indeed problems. The first paragraph
       | probably refers to [1] where it doesn't say too much about
       | recompression artifacts, and the second paragraph is indeed a
       | well-known issue of the lossy WebP format---it tends to create
       | gradient bands that are particularly significant when viewed on
       | big and bright screens. It is far-fetched to claim that this
       | requires somehow trained eyes, rather it is more or less device-
       | specific in my opinion.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/use...
        
         | acqq wrote:
         | Independently of that article, I've experimented with webp to
         | find out when I would use it, and concluded approximately the
         | following (of course, somebody else can have different
         | preferences and conclusions):
         | 
         | - If you know how stills from mp4 videos or similar "look like"
         | (when observed so that the compression artifacts are visible)
         | -- that's more-or-less lossy webp. Not something you'd expect
         | to achieve the best picture quality.
         | 
         | - Probably because of its origins, that's also how lossy webp
         | handles scanned or printed images: not good.
         | 
         | I've concluded that I _will_ use webp, but
         | 
         | 1) to save the pictures for which I don't care which quality
         | they have, and if I want to use up less bytes: specifically: if
         | I want to save some visual information from some JPEG from
         | somewhere only to store _a picture of that_ not to preserve it
         | in its full quality.
         | 
         | 2) when serving the pictures, in scenarios where I want to
         | reduce the amount of data delivered to others, when the
         | artifacts I'm aware of aren't the issue.
         | 
         | Everything else: still no.
        
       | icehawk wrote:
       | The banding is SUPER monitor dependent, its noticeable on my 4k
       | monitor, super apparent on a different monitor with a terrible
       | LCD panel, and not at all visible on my iPad.
       | 
       | I wonder if the author took that into consideration.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | > not at all visible on my iPad.
         | 
         | That is indeed surprising. Is it iPad or iPad Pro? It is
         | technically possible that your monitors only support 8bpp color
         | depth while your iPad Pro supports 10bpp (via the P3 color
         | space) and the WebP file has a smooth gradient only when viewed
         | with 10bpp or more. But I can't really believe that, as the
         | original JPEG file still looks like 8bpp and doesn't have any
         | further color profile attached.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | That wouldn't make any sense unless there's something else
         | going on.
         | 
         | It could simply be an effect of brightness -- do you have your
         | 4K monitor set to bright, while your iPad is much dimmer?
         | (Remember Apple devices have adaptive brightness enabled by
         | default as well.)
        
         | derf_ wrote:
         | Back in the early 2010's I had a cheap Dell laptop with a 6-bit
         | panel and an integrated Intel GPU. Video on that device had
         | _incredible_ banding, almost all the time, because as I
         | understand it, the Linux drivers were relatively immature and
         | did not do any dithering. A few years later a driver update
         | enabled dithering and the bulk of the problem went away.
         | 
         | As a video codec developer I was a little sad about that,
         | actually. I had to start looking closer to see problems.
        
       | tcfunk wrote:
       | I never gave it much thought until I started posting my 3d
       | renders online. Began to find serious issues, especially around
       | posterized backgrounds as the article mentions. A problem which
       | is exacerbated by the vignettes that renderers offer.
        
       | j1elo wrote:
       | Comparing with Beyond Compare:
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/xatzZt7
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | Hoping the conversion doesn't add extra noise, I converted them
       | (with ImageMagick: `convert image.webp image.png`) and compared
       | them (Beyond Compare doesn't support WEBP).
       | 
       | Of course I have a _non-educated eye_ as the article puts it, but
       | if still with machine help I cannot see a difference in light
       | dithering, there must be something off.
       | 
       | The second photo (of a man) is more clear in proving the point.
       | This should probably have been used as the first example in the
       | article.
        
         | politelemon wrote:
         | Wow,had no idea BC did images. I've been using it for years!
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | I guess I don't get the context?
       | 
       | WebP is barely supported. For decades the only choice in lossy
       | compression is JPEG, which notoriously sucks for diagrams and
       | basically anything that isn't a photograph. So the rest of the
       | world finally gets a format they can use, and the photographers
       | are angry that the world doesn't revolve around them anymore?
       | 
       | So what if it _is_ worse for photography? Should we continue
       | chasing our tails for another ten years before we find the
       | perfect format? I 'm sick of data visualizations drowning in JPEG
       | artifacts.
       | 
       | I'm not opposed to AVIF or whatever, but I don't care about the
       | author's complaints. JPEG is still there. If you want to use it,
       | go ahead.
        
       | PUSH_AX wrote:
       | All the images look fine to me.
        
       | lizknope wrote:
       | I wish Slack supported webp. I end up saving an image have to run
       | "convert image.webp image.jpg" and then upload the jpeg
        
         | arp242 wrote:
         | Also: Telegram, GitHub, probably more.
         | 
         | (GitHub works if you rename it to a .png or .jpg file, but it's
         | a hack).
        
         | hot_gril wrote:
         | I wish websites didn't have webps, or the browser could auto
         | convert when downloading
        
       | withinboredom wrote:
       | Further, with jpeg, there is progressive jpeg. Allowing an image
       | to show up asap on slow connections instead of trying to load the
       | whole thing all at once. When I'm on a 2g connection, I
       | absolutely appreciate progressive jpegs, though they are pretty
       | rare in the wild (and pagetest doesn't even recognize them).
        
       | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
       | > Second, I don't know why all the techies around have a huge
       | kink over sharpness, but the most challenging situations I have
       | faced as a photographer were with smooth gradients. Or more
       | accurately, gradients that should have been smooth and weren't in
       | the output.
       | 
       | I can tell you why: because it's hard, i.e. it's hard to compress
       | efficiently. So if someone claims a breakthrough, they either did
       | something extremely smart, or cut some corners.
        
       | pembrook wrote:
       | I've noticed the same issue with WebP and have gone back to
       | JPG/PNG for most things (jpg for photos, png for UI-type images)
       | 
       | I think the real problem is, like many of the commenters here,
       | most people can't tell the difference because desktop monitors
       | have been stuck in a deadzone of zero innovation for the last 10
       | years. I'm sure half the folks here are viewing his example
       | images on a 2012-era HD 1920x1080 LCD, which is definitely part
       | of the problem.
       | 
       | It's bizarre. Smaller displays (Mobile phones) and larger
       | displays (4k TVs) have fantastic pixel densities now considering
       | their viewing distance. However any panel in the range of 20"-40"
       | is stuck in the mid-2000s.
       | 
       | Also, I think the author would have done us a favor by using
       | example photos with lighter backgrounds (or changing the
       | background color of his post to black). The harshness of the
       | black images on white don't allow the eye to adjust enough to see
       | the issue. If you put those images on a dark background its super
       | easy to tell the difference.
        
         | orbital-decay wrote:
         | _> because desktop monitors have been stuck in a deadzone of
         | zero innovation for the last 10 years._
         | 
         | That's a weird thing to say unless the pixel density is your
         | one and only measure. Regardless of that, the posterization
         | should be perfectly visible on a 2012 FullHD monitor, or even a
         | 1366x768 TN screen of a decade-old laptop. Most commenters here
         | are probably viewing the pictures on a scale different from
         | 1:1.
        
           | pembrook wrote:
           | > _That 's a weird thing to say unless the pixel density is
           | your one and only measure._
           | 
           | Is it though? We now have OLED TVs and OLED smartphones.
           | 
           | Where's our OLED PC monitors?
           | 
           | On every measure, if you care about
           | colors/contrast/black+white levels/resolution/density, the
           | average computer monitor has fallen far behind.
           | 
           | You can't even buy a smartphone that has a panel half as bad
           | as most PC monitors on the market. And, at least in my area,
           | you'd actually have to go to a lot of effort to find a non-4k
           | TV.
        
             | scrlk wrote:
             | > Where's our OLED PC monitors?
             | 
             | https://www.displayninja.com/oled-monitor-list/
             | 
             | Mainly targeted towards the gaming market at the moment.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | some of those prices are insane. Why are they so much
               | more expensive that OLED TV's of similar size? Frame
               | rate?
        
               | NekkoDroid wrote:
               | I dunno about TV much since I don't use them, but I have
               | some ideas why it might be:
               | 
               | - Framerate - Response time - Adaptive sync - (how prone
               | to burn-in is OLED? Monitors often have way more static
               | images to TVs)
               | 
               | I assume combing these all might just make it more
               | expensive than just individually each feature
        
             | MindSpunk wrote:
             | > Where's our OLED PC monitors?
             | 
             | https://computers.scorptec.com.au/computer/Oled-Monitor
             | 
             | They've been around for years.
             | 
             | PC monitors have been improving constantly with high
             | refresh rates, local dimming HDR + 10 bit color, adaptive
             | sync, OLED and more.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Only on the unusual high-end gaming monitors.
        
               | rafabulsing wrote:
               | OLED is overwhelmingly reserved to high-end TVs and
               | phones as well, so I think that point is moot.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | My base iPhone 12 mini from years ago has OLED, so do a
               | lot of cheaper Android phones. Gaming displays are far
               | less common than these.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Phones have a smaller display which makes them easier to
               | manufacter.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Yeah, that also supports how the iPads don't have OLED
               | yet.
        
         | bzzzt wrote:
         | I'm on a 27" 4K IPS screen here and have to squint/zoom in to
         | see the difference the author is writing about. While it's nice
         | some people really care for the best result I think most people
         | aren't going to notice or care about it.
        
           | pembrook wrote:
           | I'm guess it's also true that HN is definitely the wrong
           | audience for this post. As the author suggests, if you spend
           | all day in VScode/VIM, you're among the segment of computer
           | users who looks at images the least as a percentage of time
           | spent on a computer.
        
             | bzzzt wrote:
             | Yes, but at least there are a decent amount of font
             | 'connoisseurs' here ;)
        
           | djha-skin wrote:
           | I caught it on my Android 12 without full screening. He's
           | talking about the background, not the foreground. The
           | backgrounds color noticeably changes from shot to shot around
           | edges.
        
             | bzzzt wrote:
             | I have to zoom in to really notice that. But both the jpg
             | and webp have distortion - webp slightly more. Both have
             | difficulty with edges.
        
               | djha-skin wrote:
               | I think we're talking about two different things. You're
               | not noticing the forest for the trees. I'm talking about
               | big huge macro effects that become _more_ apparent when
               | you zoom out, not less.
               | 
               | There is a difference in the gradients of color. One
               | hasn't the guy looking backlit and one doesn't.
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | It's like the audiophile equivalent of using $500 speaker
           | wire. Nobody normal really cares about the difference, if
           | there's really any difference at all.
        
         | iSnow wrote:
         | I have an extremely hard time perceiving any difference on a
         | 27" 4K monitor. I am not even sure I really see them.
         | 
         | The examples are just bad. If you want to show something,
         | screenshot and enlarge it to show the artifacts.
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | > The examples are just bad. If you want to show something,
           | screenshot and enlarge it to show the artifacts.
           | 
           | Yes! Where's the red underlines and diffs? I can see the
           | background banding, but the foreground looks the same at a
           | glance except that some of them look ambiguously "off" in
           | ways that could just be placebo.
           | 
           | You'd think a visual artist would be more interested in
           | visual communication and not just a wall of text with un-
           | annotated photos.
        
             | edflsafoiewq wrote:
             | The article is about the background banding.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | I think he was complaining specifically about the
             | background banding.
        
             | wila wrote:
             | I downloaded the images and then compared them via Beyond
             | Compare.
             | 
             | After that it was pretty obvious what the author is talking
             | about.
        
           | djha-skin wrote:
           | He was talking about the background, not the foreground.
           | 
           | The difference is in color around the edges of the picture in
           | the background change noticeably on a non-fullscreen image on
           | my Android 12 device.
        
           | ziml77 wrote:
           | It's hard to see in the first set of images, but the second
           | set is much clearer. In the WebP example, look to the right
           | of the subject, about 1/6th of the image's width from the
           | right edge. There's a hard transition between shades of grey.
           | The JPEG version directly above it also has banding but each
           | band is narrower so the difference at the edges is more
           | subtle.
        
           | vardump wrote:
           | This seems to be highly subjective. I had absolutely no
           | problem seeing those artifacts without any pixel peeping,
           | they're that obvious.
           | 
           | WebP image gradients just looked broken (posterized) except
           | the lossless one, which was (obviously) perfect.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | It's quite noticeable on a 2011 MacBook Air, too. The issue is
         | less pronounced if you don't have a decent display but it's
         | more that people are not used to it. Like bad kerning, it's
         | something you'll notice everywhere if you train your eye to
         | look for it, but otherwise probably don't notice except that
         | some things feel less appealing.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > I've noticed the same issue with WebP and have gone back to
         | JPG/PNG for most things (jpg for photos, png for UI-type
         | images)
         | 
         | Wait... I agree for JPG but if you use lossless WEBP instead of
         | PNG, isn't it simply the same pixels, just with a file about
         | 30% smaller than the corresponding PNG file? (and 15% smaller
         | compared to already heavily optimized PNG files like when using
         | zopfli/optipng/etc.).
         | 
         | Isn't the "lossless" in "lossless WEBP" actually lossless when
         | converting a PNG file to WEBP?
         | 
         | FWIW when you convert losslessly a PNG to WEBP, then decompress
         | the WEBP back to a PNG file, then convert again that PNG back
         | to a WEBP file, you get the exact same lossless WEBP file. It's
         | also the same WEBP you get when you encode losslessly from
         | either a PNG or that same PNG but "crushed" with a PNG
         | optimizer.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | Yeah but I just don't fw webp and other weird formats. JPEG
           | and PNG are tried and true, also it's nice how the extension
           | indicates lossiness.
           | 
           | On the technical side, webp support still isn't like png.
           | Tried dragging a webp into Google Slides just now, got
           | "unsupported image type," which is ironic. I'll try again in
           | like 10 years.
        
             | TacticalCoder wrote:
             | > On the technical side, webp support still isn't like png.
             | 
             | Oh that's a good point.
             | 
             | I see lossless WEBP mostly as a way to save bandwith _where
             | PNG would have been used_. If you 've got a pipeline where,
             | anyway, you already "crush" your PNG file, you may as well
             | also generate a _lossless_ WEBP file and serve that: all
             | browsers support it. And you can fall back on the optimized
             | PNG should the browser not support WEBP.
             | 
             | I mean: I use WEBP, but _only_ lossless WEBP, as a
             | replacement for PNG when I 'd serve PNG files to browsers.
             | 
             | But for that one usecase: showing a PNG file in a webpage,
             | I don't see that many downsides to lossless WEBP. It saves
             | bandwith.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Only if you can accurately detect browser support and
               | serve the PNG instead, which means added complexity. And
               | you have to store both.
               | 
               | Also, if users download your images and use them
               | elsewhere, webp will still be more annoying for them.
               | Though it's not very common that you want them doing that
               | anyway.
        
               | nicbn wrote:
               | https://caniuse.com/webp
               | 
               | Any updated (modern) browser should be able to see webp
               | just fine, I'd rather just serve it without a backup plan
               | if I'm planning to have webp in my website.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | The browser support for webp is fine, problem is
               | everything else. If you only care about displaying the
               | images (not letting people use them elsewhere), you only
               | use lossless webp, and all your backend infra supports
               | it, then sure.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | At this point in my life, I just don't have time. I
               | basically use either mp4 or PNG for all web
               | "images/animation" when doing web pages. I don't detect
               | browsers or the like. Unless there is some revolutionary
               | new image/video tech, I'll stick with them for the
               | foreseeable future. I only bother with JPEG when it's
               | straight from the phone/camera and I don't want any
               | reduction in quality from the original high rez.
        
         | hot_gril wrote:
         | Pixel density isn't the issue. 2K-4K computer monitors are
         | pretty common. But they tend to suck in other ways compared to
         | a MacBook screen. And yes I can tell the difference between the
         | images on my MBP.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | I have no problem seeing the artefacts on both my 2012-era
         | displays. One of them is a rather good at the time 30"
         | 2560x1600 IPS monitor, the other is an entry-level 27" TN 1080p
         | TV.
         | 
         | So I don't think display quality really is the problem here.
         | Maybe the drivers, or post-processing filters. Or maybe
         | everyone doesn't have an eye for this. I have an interest in
         | image processing, and that's the kind of detail one tends to
         | notice with experience. The author of the article is
         | undoubtedly more experienced than me and noticing these details
         | may even be part of his job. He most likely will be able to
         | notice these problems on crappy monitors, as well as telling
         | you in which way that monitor is crap.
        
         | kec wrote:
         | Laptop and desktop monitors have been advancing just fine over
         | in the Apple world with high ppi, brightness and color accuracy
         | being standard for nearly a decade... it's just expensive and
         | so one of the first corners cut for PC as most folks simply
         | don't care.
        
           | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
           | I see the rings easy on my few years old AOC 1440p monitor.
           | PC users can have way better monitors. Studio colour
           | accuraccy or fast hz gaming
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | I could see them, but only after turning my brightness up
             | close to the max. I usually have it very low.
        
         | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
         | Not true. Monitors now are 1440p or 4k. Even at work for me.
         | 
         | The "issue" is that monitors last a LONG time. And thats good.
         | We dont touch them or fiddle with them. They tend to just work.
         | Phones and shit we keep dropping and breaking, then the battery
         | gets bad.
         | 
         | Also for gaming you may even want 1080p 200hz monitor for high
         | refresh rate and FPS over pixel density.
        
         | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
         | I see thing rings easy on my few years old AOC 1440p monitor.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | Also, only a tiny fraction of PC monitors have color gamuts
         | wider than sRGB, proper HDR support, or any kind of
         | calibration.
         | 
         | Recently I've been dabbling in HDR video, but I realised that
         | the exercise is futile because I can't send the results to
         | anyone -- unless they're using an Apple device.
        
       | jonstewart wrote:
       | > here I am, loosing faith in humanity
       | 
       | <sigh> Me, too, buddy. Me, too.
        
       | rambambram wrote:
       | I might be missing something because I never delved into it, but
       | my problem with WebP is I can't save images this way from my
       | browser. Well, I can save them, but they don't show up when I try
       | to view them on my system (Ubuntu Mate 20.04 on RPi4).
        
         | loeber wrote:
         | Yeah same. Huge annoyance. I just want to stick to the same-old
         | universally-compatible file formats I've always enjoyed
         | everywhere.
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | In general I've found that this shift to .webp breaks all the
         | nice interoperability and composability we used to have with
         | audio and video image files since there seems to be zero
         | interest in making sure that simple familiar features like
         | still work.
        
         | smallstepforman wrote:
         | The problem is not the format, but the software / OS you choose
         | to use. There are OS's that have image format libraries, and
         | once a codec is installed, ALL apps gain the ability to use it.
         | This was first done in the 80's, so if your Ubuntu 20.04 doesnt
         | support data translations, maybe its time to switch to
         | something else.
        
       | onurtag wrote:
       | In my opinion the worst and most distinguishable downside of webp
       | is the forced 4:2:0 chroma subsampling. On many images with
       | bright colors you can clearly see the color and brightness loss
       | without an educated eye.
       | 
       | On comparison [1] you can clearly see that the top right balloon
       | has lost its vibrant red color. On comparison [2] the bright blue
       | neon art on the center has lost its brightness.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://storage.googleapis.com/demos.webmproject.org/webp/cm...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://storage.googleapis.com/demos.webmproject.org/webp/cm...
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | The simple truth is that JPEG is more than good enough and has
       | ubiquitous support. There is no reason to switch to a different
       | format and risk degradation or reduced interoperability for
       | slightly smaller file sizes.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I don't understand fanatically chasing smaller image sizes when
         | JPEG was good enough for the web of the 90's. There must be a
         | different reason to throw some of the highest paid engineers in
         | the world at WebP and it ain't generosity.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | Google spent a large amount of money purchasing On2. WebP and
           | WebM were a way to show shareholders that they were seeing
           | benefits from the acquisition, and if you look at Google's
           | traffic volume you could make an argument that even a modest
           | size reduction would pay for the engineering time.
           | 
           | The problem was that this was basically only true for the
           | largest sites. If you're YouTube or Netflix, it pays to
           | optimize your video encoding but for most other sites the
           | volume just isn't there and the performance costs for anyone
           | who uses a CDN cancel it out because you need a lot of
           | traffic for each format before a 10-20% byte size reduction
           | saves more time than the cache misses take.
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | Images on the web of the 90s were also low-res and generally
           | didn't look very good.
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | >Look at the original JPEG at quality 85 :
       | 
       | <img class="lazyload" decoding="async" src="data:image/gif;base64
       | ,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-orig-
       | src="https://photo.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/sites/3/..." alt="" />
       | 
       | Sorry, I can't. That doesn't actually display any image at all in
       | my browser because you're relying on javascript execution to
       | switch the img src to it's actual source. You don't need to do
       | this for lazyload to work anymore. There's browser native
       | lazyload. Just put the actual image in the src.
        
         | voidnap wrote:
         | I came here to say the same thing.
         | 
         | It's bizarre how the author's attitude is that the webp authors
         | should know better. Yet his blog cannot link to images properly
         | without JavaScript. My browser supports lazy loading images and
         | srcset; all the things he would want. It does that without
         | JavaScript. Yet he tries to implement that in JavaScript and
         | does not have a fallback to use the browser's native
         | implementation. It's difficult to take him seriously in
         | criticizing others' competencies when he, in a blog post about
         | image quality, cannot include images with over-complicating
         | things to the point of breakage.
         | 
         | His point on color banding is clear and others have pointed out
         | that the luma in 4:2:0 subsampling is terrible. But Google is
         | not in the photography business. (Overlooking his attempt to
         | convert from lossy compression to another lossy compression.)
         | It is in the content business but only in so far as it furthers
         | its advertising business. It is not in content for the same
         | reason as the author so they don't share the same interests.
         | 
         | Compare https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/ to
         | https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/
         | 
         | > JPEG XL is designed to meet the needs of image delivery on
         | the web and professional photography.
         | 
         | If you search google's documentation on webp they mention
         | photography like four times and never as "professional
         | photography".
         | 
         | It's honestly funny that he is surprised that Google is
         | advocating for a file format that does not suit his needs as a
         | professional photographer. Google is an advertising business;
         | everybody knows this.
         | 
         | Finally, I never see critics of (or anyone commenting on) webp
         | mention that it supports transparency. What other format is
         | someone to use if they want lossy transparency? It's great for
         | small low quality thumbnails of images (like jpg or png) or
         | animation (like gif) or video. You can throw just any input at
         | ffmpeg and ask for a webp and it will give you something useful
         | that represents one frame of the input. It fills that niche
         | very well.
         | 
         | Once JPEG XL because well supported, I'd like to use it; I hear
         | good things. But it isn't well supported yet so webp is the
         | only option for images with lossy transparency.
        
       | rchaud wrote:
       | Outside of photographers, how many people are looking at super
       | high-resolution images on the web? Even images that might have
       | high-resolution versions are usually converted to a shrunken
       | image 600px wide to fit inside the website's theme scaffolding.
       | 
       | Is that really even worth shaving 15% off the file size? If
       | bandwidth matters, websites should look to reduce the volume of
       | useless stock images littering their templates.
       | 
       | WebP seems like a gift to Cloudflare and the other companies that
       | do the heavy lifting of caching and serving millions of images
       | across multiple sites. For users, it's at best indistinguishable
       | from JPEG, and at worst an obstruction to saving images from the
       | web.
        
         | marcyb5st wrote:
         | Honestly, I would have agreed wholly with you until I spend 1
         | month volunteering in Kiribati. 2/3G is the norm there and even
         | few KBs would make a difference. It reminded me a lot of my
         | childhood with 28/56k modems :/
         | 
         | Additionally, I believe countries like India, Pakistan,
         | Bangladesh, ... are in similar situation infrastructure wise
         | (please correct me if I am wrong) and so for 1/2B people would
         | benefit from a slimmer web.
        
       | karmakaze wrote:
       | If I cared about archive image quality _(and I do)_ , I wouldn't
       | re-compress older images in a new format unless I could do so
       | from uncompressed originals. Re-encoding from a lossy compressed
       | source will make quality worse. Storage is cheap and getting
       | cheaper.
       | 
       | What would make sense is choosing safe settings for compressing
       | new photos in the new format.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | > Re-encoding from a lossy compressed source will make quality
         | worse.
         | 
         | JPEG-XL is supposed to reencode old JPEG files into 20% smaller
         | files _without_ quality loss though. In context, Google has
         | been holding JPEG-XL back by removing support for it from
         | Chrome and refusing to reinstate it, claiming that it did not
         | have good enough  "incremental benefits compared to existing
         | formats" such as webp.
        
           | karmakaze wrote:
           | Wow, I didn't know that. A top google result says:
           | 
           | > It is possible to losslessly transcode JPEG images into
           | JPEG XL. Transcoding preserves the already-lossy compression
           | data from the original JPEG image without any quality loss
           | caused by re-encoding, while making the file size smaller
           | than the original.
           | 
           | I wonder how it does that and why JPEG didn't notice it
           | could. I would re-encode to JPEG-XL, when supported. So then
           | the situation isn't that WebP is so great but rather Chrome's
           | not so great.
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | Just give me a good ol' jpg. Or a png. Not everything is
       | compatible with webp yet, but when I want to feed in an image
       | from google images, it doesn't work.
        
       | wizb wrote:
       | Voting how appallingly obvious the banding is to me. Couple of
       | questions over images being mixed up aside, this stuff is
       | important.
       | 
       | Perception is psychological. And image formats are political.
       | 
       | Perhaps some truly do experience zero banding or artifacts.
       | 
       | But to the rest of us... "There are four lights"
       | 
       | https://www.startrek.com/en-un/news/the-four-lights
        
       | palata wrote:
       | I find it interesting how many comments here (presumably from
       | "tech guys") confirm what the author wrote:
       | 
       | > So there is a real issue with the design priorities of image
       | algos from tech guys who clearly lack historical and artistic
       | background, and don't talk to artists, who anyway have largely
       | decided that they were above science, maths and other menial
       | materialistic concerns.
       | 
       | I am a tech guy, and when a photographer tells me that an image
       | looks worse than another one, if I don't see it, my first
       | reaction is more "can you try to explain to me why it is worse?"
       | and less "I don't see a difference, so you must be wrong".
       | 
       | I would be slightly offended if an artist told me that there was
       | nothing wrong with `if (vAluE < 3 ) {return true; } else {{
       | return false;}}` just because they cannot see the problem.
        
         | rollcat wrote:
         | Tech guy working in media here. 100x this. I often can't tell
         | the (perceptive) difference between video encoded with codec A
         | and B, but I do have objective metrics such as bitrate,
         | framerate, CPU/GPU power required to encode/decode, device
         | quirks, etc. When I doubt, I always defer my decision until
         | after I can consider the input from my colleagues.
        
         | alexey-salmin wrote:
         | While I agree with the rational component of the article (webp
         | may be inappropriate for artistic photos) I had to force myself
         | to read it. The "t" in the font screws me up completely, I
         | tried twice to wipe the screen of my phone then thought that
         | maybe it's a background picture getting in the way.
         | 
         | So overall I find author's aesthetic sense very questionable
         | which contrasts with his high-moral-ground tone.
        
           | walteweiss wrote:
           | Haha, I used iPhone's reader mode, which I do most of the
           | times.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | The "t" or the "ct" ligature?
        
             | michaelcampbell wrote:
             | "st", also.
        
               | myfonj wrote:
               | It's the "historical-ligatures" feature of used font, if
               | you aren't in the reader mode already, F12 and
               | document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<style>p {
               | font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-
               | ligatures contextual;}</style>')
               | 
               | should turn it off. (Was "too much" for me either.)
               | 
               | But besides this, I found typography of that article
               | quite nice; interesting that there are thin spaces before
               | "?" and "!" and wide spaces (not double spaces) after
               | sentences - also "old school" (and often frowned upon). I
               | guess some WP plugin does it, but I admit don't remember
               | seeing seen this anywhere else recently. (And I like it.)
        
             | mlok wrote:
             | Wow I am reading it at 170% zoom, and in the fourth
             | paragraph the word "distribution" which contains the "st"
             | ligature is automatically cut and "hyphenated" between the
             | "s" and the "t" letters. But the ligature remains : half
             | the ligature at the end of one line, and the other half of
             | that ligature at the beginning of the next line ! This
             | looks wrong. CSS has probably missed an edge case here. Or
             | is it the job of some "text renderer" in the browser ?
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | For me it's the horrible layout. For God's sake, stop making
           | narrow columns of text. Having the text take up most of my
           | monitor is _much_ more pleasant to read.
        
             | diego_sandoval wrote:
             | I think the opposite. When text in a webpage takes up all
             | my monitor's width, I go into Developer Tools and manually
             | add a max-width rule so that I can read the text
             | comfortably.
             | 
             | And AFAIK, all HCI literature seems to agree with me.
        
             | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
             | Long lines of text cause significantly more eye strain than
             | reasonably short ones. Generally, one should try to have
             | ~80 characters per line of text.
        
               | caseyohara wrote:
               | Research suggests optimal line length is 50-75 characters
               | 
               | https://baymard.com/blog/line-length-readability
        
         | MattRix wrote:
         | First of all, the tone of the article invites equally acerbic
         | criticism. Calling devs "image coding douchebags" is not
         | exactly going to win anyone over.
         | 
         | Secondly, there's a bizarre assumption here that someone can't
         | be both a tech guy and an artist, which is nonsense.
         | 
         | Thirdly, there's a likely incorrect assumption here that
         | artists weren't consulted, or that the authors of the format
         | weren't aware of the tradeoffs that were being made.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | I think it's more "the target audience for webp is people
         | closer to and arguably less trained than my eyes and I can't
         | see a difference" which is a pretty reasonable take. But tech
         | people aren't typically the best communicators and so I'm not
         | at all surprised it comes off crass.
         | 
         | mp3 is "worse" than flac but if you say it sounds bad I'll
         | absolutely tell you you're wrong and to get off Hi-Fi forums.
        
           | jasomill wrote:
           | If your goal is to _batch convert_ a wide variety of
           | _lossily-compressed_ source material _at a significantly
           | lower bitrate_ without obvious loss of fidelity, MP3 is not
           | great.
           | 
           | That appears to be the author's specific complaint against
           | WEBP, and seems fair.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | On mobile Safari there is no visible difference.
       | 
       | Could there be some default optimization going on?
        
       | lofaszvanitt wrote:
       | Just use mozjpeg and throw away webp.
        
       | kmeisthax wrote:
       | So... why are we still having problems with banding in image
       | compression? If anything, gradients should be the easiest things
       | to compress in these images, because the compression algorithms
       | work entirely in the frequency domain. Whatever is introducing
       | banding here is adding _more_ frequency coefficients and making
       | the image bigger and worse at the same time.
       | 
       | Did Google/On2 just not notice that they were crushing every
       | gradient they encode or is are all the common WebP encoders doing
       | some kind of preprocessing pass that crushes gradients and munges
       | luma?
        
         | edflsafoiewq wrote:
         | I would guess the problem is that on a slow gradient, each
         | individual block is very close to a constant. The tiny AC
         | coefficients tend to be quantized away, resulting in a visible
         | transition along block boundaries.
         | 
         | I thought the loop filter was supposed to help with this
         | though.
        
       | hardcopy wrote:
       | Every time I've used webp, I've been disappointed. And when I'm
       | disappointed, I try jxl for giggles and find much better photo
       | quality (especially fine gradients), at a much better file size.
       | 
       | Let's cut our losses, ditch webp and move to jxl.
        
         | michaelcampbell wrote:
         | > Every time I've used webp, I've been disappointed.
         | 
         | In what way?
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Is this blog a joke/prank?
       | 
       | The images don't link to the correct filetype stated.
       | 
       | - _" JPEG, lossy, 85 : 184 kiB"_ - links actually to a _WebP_
       | file (https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/sites/8/20...)
       | 
       | - _" JPEG, lossy, 85 : 211 KiB"_ - links actually to a _WebP_
       | file (https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/sites/8/20...)
       | 
       | etc...
       | 
       | So when the blog tells you that JPEG is so much better quality,
       | the "jpeg" image that's actually being shown is a WebP image.
        
       | michaelcampbell wrote:
       | This entire article reminds me of the ones a few decades about
       | about the utter indignity of mp3's, and how us peasants that use
       | it _AT ALL_ or at the very least with any bitrate under 320bps
       | was just criminal.
       | 
       | Then proceed to play the flac's in their car. Ok.
        
         | bigbuppo wrote:
         | This is more like MP3 versus one of those random codecs
         | available for Windows 3.1 that had some big company behind it
         | that one day got bored with codecs and now makes industrial
         | pizza ovens. As google is a major proponent of WebP and Google
         | is known for dropping projects and services with no notice, and
         | the fact that webp gives very little value on the server side
         | and webp creates objectively worse visual presentation, it
         | would be best to consider WebP as deprecated for any new
         | development.
         | 
         | edit: I would also like to note that there is no technical
         | reason to use WebP. The only reason it is used because Google
         | is literally bribing you with "better rankings" for using webp.
         | In other words, it is strictly marketing-driven.
        
       | theodorejb wrote:
       | How does the quality compare at the same file size? It seems like
       | all the comparisons have fairly significant file size
       | differences.
        
       | bigbuppo wrote:
       | This is yet another reason why the WebP format has been
       | deprecated, at least in these parts.
        
       | Fice wrote:
       | From my own experience, JPEG quality and compression efficiency
       | can differ a lot depending on the encoder implementation. It
       | would make more sense to compare specific encoders rather than
       | formats in general.
       | 
       | In 2014 (WebP was released in 2010) Mozilla claimed that the
       | standard JPEG format is not used to it's full potential [1] and
       | introduced mozjpeg project that is still being updated [2]. I
       | wonder how it compares today with current WebP implementations.
       | 
       | [1] https://research.mozilla.org/2014/03/05/introducing-the-
       | mozj... [2] https://github.com/mozilla/mozjpeg
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | I just finished dealing with a very complicated pipeline for an
       | online media management database. WebP is great except when it's
       | not, and when it's not, it _really_ sucks.
       | 
       | I'm going to go with a technical argument here instead of a
       | subjective one, so there's no room for argument: WebP is billed
       | as a replacement for PNG _and_ JPG, and advertised _heavily_ as
       | being usable in both lossy and lossless modes for either. This is
       | blatantly false. Alpha channel aside, PNG is, effectively,
       | 32-bits per pixel, 8-bits for each of RGB. JPG is notably not; to
       | make good use of compression in the frequency domain possible,
       | RGB is _usually_ converted from RGB to YUV /YCbCr. But JPEG lets
       | you customize how this is done, and you can choose to use the
       | default chroma subsampling of 4:2:0, upgrade to 4:2:2, or forego
       | subsampling altogether and use 4:4:4 directly.
       | 
       | WebP is, experiments aside, always 4:2:0 in default/lossy mode
       | (regardless of the tuning profile chosen). Screenshots, vector
       | graphics, text w/ anti-aliasing applied, etc. look _absolutely
       | horrendous_ to the trained eye if converted from RGB or RGBA to
       | YUV 4:2:0. WebP is _unusable_ for png transcodes _at any quality_
       | except in lossless mode.
       | 
       | I'm not hating on WebP - PNGs converted to lossless WebP are
       | still a good bit smaller, at least for large sizes. But I
       | absolutely despise how pathetically low and biased Google's
       | benchmarks touting WebP as the be-all, end-all have been. And the
       | toolchain is severely compromised, because you have to _manually_
       | remember to specify lossless mode when compressing a PNG to WebP
       | and that gets harder when it 's an automated toolchain and the
       | export is several steps removed from the input. And this becomes
       | completely Mission Impossible(tm) when you have a lossless WebP
       | and you want to generate a thumbnail from it because the
       | heuristic is no longer "source extension is png" to determine if
       | the output should be generated in lossless mode. IMO, the WebP
       | toolchain *and all other toolchains like ImageMagick and libvips*
       | should pass through the "lossless" property of WebP by default,
       | because unlike with other formats, it tries too hard to be
       | everything for everyone at once and will fall over on its face
       | otherwise.
       | 
       | I said I wasn't going to talk about the subjective side, but I
       | just want to say that even for tiny thumbnails, we've found that
       | their WebP versions need to be generated with at least quality 90
       | to ensure they will all (regardless of source image) be usable on
       | non-mobile devices (hi-dpi ameliorates but does not resolve the
       | situation, it's just the fact that you see the pixels physically
       | larger); the smoothing effect for detailed real-world photos
       | (think warzone photos with smoke and haze in the air, odd
       | lighting, etc) is way too extreme at lower qualities. Again, the
       | quality:size ratio is still better than JPEG, but not to the
       | extent that Google advertised it to be, but more importantly, if
       | you took Google at its word you would find WebP to be altogether
       | unusable to begin with.
       | 
       | (None of this was about converting already lossily compressed
       | content into WebP; this is straight from source (where "source"
       | is a lossless format like SVG, PNG, RAW, or something like a 24MP
       | JPEG@Q95 being shrunk orders of magnitude) to WebP.)
       | 
       | I played around some with AVIF, HEIC, and JPEGXL. AVIF has some
       | severe color management issues that need to be ironed out in the
       | various toolchains, though HEIC is a lot better in that regard
       | but its lack of compatibility now and in the foreseeable future
       | just makes it a dead end; but JPEGXL appears to be a really
       | solidly built image codec with great potential, kneecapped
       | primarily by adoption.
       | 
       |  palletization can, but does not have to, affect this
        
       | bitsandboots wrote:
       | For what its worth, the website itself also isn't great. Had to
       | turn off Enhanced Tracking Protection mode to not get text that
       | scrolled off the screen, and then was met with weird fonts.
        
       | angiosperm wrote:
       | Can I just say how happy I am to see the "ct" and "st" ligatures
       | in the article text? I know that took the author extra effort to
       | provide.
        
         | angiosperm wrote:
         | I see:                 {         font-family: 'Linux
         | Libertine';         font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums;
         | font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-
         | ligatures contextual historical-ligatures;         text-
         | rendering: geometricprecision;         font-kerning: normal;
         | }
         | 
         | I guess those are "historical ligatures". I personally
         | persuaded the creator of the Linux Libertine face used in the
         | page to add those to it.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | I hate it, my brain wants to interpret it as a
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_breve
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | Why aren't the competing images presented side by side? Having to
       | scroll to examine them makes comparison very difficult,
       | especially for those of us not blessed with an experienced
       | photographer's eye.
        
       | Izkata wrote:
       | My issue with webp is that when it's animated, it seems random
       | whether it gets treated as an image file like a gif or a video
       | file. Any webp I save I have to convert to a real image file to
       | ensure I can view/use it outside of a browser.
        
       | naet wrote:
       | I think the author is focusing on the wrong thing. They focused
       | on the difference in format, when they should have focused on the
       | compression. Different image processing programs will have
       | different compression even when set to the same number (eg "80").
       | 
       | I think for a truly meaningful comparison you'd need to test a
       | variety of images including full color with busy backgrounds as
       | well as these b&w studio portraits on a smooth gradient type bg,
       | and test a variety of programs like imagemagik, graphicsMagick,
       | sharp, photoshop, whatever cloud offerings, etc.
       | 
       | The other issue I see is use case. If you're a professional
       | photographer trying to upload full size full quality photos,
       | maybe just don't compress at all so you know your creative /
       | editing work is completely preserved. That use case is not the
       | average use case of a website displaying a reasonably sized image
       | of reasonable quality. For many situations a significantly
       | smaller image might be worth having a more compressed image, and
       | for many images the compression won't be as noticeable as it is
       | in a full resolution professional studio photo with a large
       | gradient type background.
        
       | urbandw311er wrote:
       | So here's what I don't get about this post:
       | 
       | > this is WebP re-encoding of an already lossy compressed JPEG
       | 
       | Author is clearly passionate about imagery and quality, so why
       | are they not re-encoding using the original file rather than a
       | lossy copy?
        
         | sheepshear wrote:
         | > So, I wondered how bad it was for actual raw photos encoded
         | straight in darktable. Meaning just one step of encoding.
        
       | gunapologist99 wrote:
       | AVIF > webp. (too bad once again Safari lags behind)
        
       | rsingel wrote:
       | Hard to take this seriously with that obnoxious font that draws
       | curlicues connecting letters like s and t.
        
         | EdwardDiego wrote:
         | I did learn from it that there's a CSS property for ligatures,
         | and the blog has set it to discretionary ligatures.
         | 
         | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/font-varian...
        
       | wwalexander wrote:
       | Snarks at Safari for often not being instantly up to date with
       | every rushed "web standard" from Google, then gripes about
       | "Google monkeys" and the issues with...their rushed "web
       | standard". Pick your poison.
        
       | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
       | I see the background dithering ring on my 1440p cheap 32" monitor
       | that's a few years old now.
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | Boy that ct ligature is distracting though.
        
       | VoodooJuJu wrote:
       | >img.webp
       | 
       | >vs
       | 
       | >img.jpg
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/gallery/rdzfp1g
        
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