[HN Gopher] The Rise and Fall of the 'IBM Way'
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Rise and Fall of the 'IBM Way'
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2023-12-14 09:44 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | hdk wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/QeSny
        
         | neonate wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20231213142931/https://www.theat...
        
       | 63 wrote:
       | > But ask an ordinary person under the age of 40 what exactly IBM
       | does (or did), and the responses will be vague at best.
       | "Something to do with computers, right?" was the best the Gen
       | Zers I queried could come up with. If a Millennial knows anything
       | about IBM, it's Watson, the company's prototype AI system that
       | prevailed on Jeopardy in 2011.
       | 
       | I find this attitude to be fairly trite and disingenuous. Maybe
       | we should ask millennials and zoomers what exactly it is that
       | Goldman Sachs does or Dow or Cisco or any other large company
       | that doesn't sell majority direct to consumer and see if we get a
       | more intelligible answer. Just because a company isn't selling to
       | you specifically doesn't mean it's a failure. I'm happy to
       | criticize IBM, but let's do it for legitimate reasons (trend
       | chasing, perhaps?) and not "my 16 year old doesn't know what they
       | do so they must not be relevant"
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | IBM used to sell computers directly to consumers. They don't do
         | that anymore so it's normal that IBM isn't on anyone's mind for
         | a long time now. My mom knew IBM pretty well decades ago when
         | she was a typist. Nowadays she wouldn't have a clue if IBM
         | still exists or what it does.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | If you go back before the IBM PC, the average consumer might
           | well know they made typewriters and probably have some notion
           | about them selling big computers to banks and the like.
           | They'd almost certainly be vague on anything beyond that.
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _IBM used to sell computers directly to consumers._
           | 
           | For a brief, maybe fifteen year period out of their 100 year
           | history. And even those weren't big sellers. Point being, I
           | don't know that it was _ever_ reasonable to ask the  "man on
           | the street" what IBM does, and expect anything but a vague
           | answer.
           | 
           | Hell, my mother used to program their 370s and System/38s
           | (precursor to the AS400). I haven't asked, but if asked the
           | same question, I wouldn't be shocked if her answer were,
           | "wait, they're still in business?"
        
             | bluedino wrote:
             | My grandmother has been retired for _years_ , she worked as
             | an accountant.
             | 
             | Any time there's a conversation about computers, she'll
             | pipe in with remarks about how "Compaq makes the best
             | computers".
        
             | cbarrick wrote:
             | > For a brief, maybe fifteen year period out of their 100
             | year history.
             | 
             | More like 34 years.
             | 
             | The IBM PC debuted in 1981, and they sold their PC business
             | to Lenovo in 2005.
             | 
             | > And even those weren't big sellers.
             | 
             | Still, let's not downplay the impact that the IBM PC had on
             | the industry.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | More like _24_ years, but point taken. I thought the PC
               | end was sold off in the late 90s.
        
           | KyleSanderson wrote:
           | What? They absolutely still do, it's through Lenovo and IBM
           | still writes the majority of firmware and drivers for it.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | And Lenovo is a separate company even if IBM does some of
             | the under-the-covers engineering. The average consumer (or
             | even the not so average one) has no idea what firmware is
             | or drivers are and Lenovo isn't even much of a consumer
             | brand anyway.
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | Article's paywalled, so apologies if this is out of context,
         | but it seems like a legit point in this case. From the 1950's
         | through the 90's IBM was familiar to consumers. You'd probably
         | have used multiple IBM products at some point even if you
         | didn't own one; you certainly knew about them. If nothing else,
         | IBM typewriters and PCs were ubiquitous. That version of IBM is
         | gone, and it seems reasonable to argue that this is a negative.
         | (Whether or not you agree with it.)
        
         | cjbgkagh wrote:
         | Gen Z is 1997-2012, aged from 11 to 26. It's likely that the
         | Gen Z they're most experienced with are strongly biased to the
         | 26 y/o end and that's old enough to know a few things.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | IBM is still fairly active at job fairs. Most Gen Z CS/CE/EE
           | majors will know of IBM because they applied there for a job
           | or internship. They'd pay shit but if you had a beating pulse
           | and attended the right college they'd hire you. A great
           | backup option in the 2010s
        
         | wharvle wrote:
         | I'm not sure it's so much criticism as observing that they've
         | gone from being the Ford of computers to being... IDK, some
         | parts manufacturer for cars that nobody's aware of unless
         | they're in the industry.
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | I think the point is that IBM is ostensibly a "tech" company
         | and most people in tech (young and old) have never dealt with
         | them nor do they know any of their products. We vaguely
         | remember seeing IBM-branded desktops decades 30+ years ago, but
         | that's about it.
         | 
         | Ask people about any large company in their own industry and
         | they would know at least one of their products or services, and
         | that includes Goldman Sachs, Dow, or Cisco.
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | >most people in tech (young and old) have never dealt with
           | them nor do they know any of their products
           | 
           | It depends on how "working in tech" is defined.
           | 
           | If you work in IT at a Fortune 500 bank, insurance company,
           | telco, manufacturing company, etc. then you almost certainly
           | Know who IBM, SAP, Oracle, etc. are. If you work for
           | FAANGMULA and adjacent SV companies you probably don't
           | especially if you are under 35 or so.
        
         | csydas wrote:
         | I think this is overly critical and I'm not sure I can see the
         | justification. My understanding from that quote is that IBM is
         | a name that everyone "knows", but fewer and fewer persons
         | actually know what IBM even does anymore or why IBM is a
         | household name.
         | 
         | Your additional examples aren't really counter examples most
         | probably for most people; you've just listed additional
         | companies that are likely common enough names that no one else
         | outside the tech/finance sphere really knows why the name is a
         | known name. I don't see this as disingenuous, I see as an
         | accurate reflection of the modern interpretation of many of
         | these older companies. Apple for example is "relatively"
         | old(er), but you can ask anyone what you might get from Apple
         | right now and probably they can name at least one thing like
         | "oh yeah they make good phones" or "I like their laptops."
         | 
         | My entire professional career has been in IT/Programming, and
         | the best I can tell you about what IBM offers is "eh, you can
         | pay a ton for a contract for some server hardware/software.
         | Hardware support is fine, but the rest is a dice roll on what
         | you're actually getting for your money." I don't associate IBM
         | at this point with a specific service or product I'd seek so
         | much as just "this is a tech company that you pay a ton of
         | money to and hope it works out for your project".
         | 
         | Though I will give them credit for their LTO tape hardware --
         | that is solid and straight forward enough for my tastes.
         | 
         | My personal experience, half the time I talk to IBM sales team
         | or even their engineering team, I end up with far more
         | questions than answers, and I get the distinct impression I'm
         | offending the IBM rep for even questioning what they're saying,
         | no matter how ridiculous their statements are. I know what the
         | words they're saying mean and I understand what the tech is,
         | but when I have practical questions about their design choices
         | or implementation guidance and the IBM employees act as if they
         | resent me for questioning them, I too wonder why IBM is really
         | trying to accomplish in our meetings -- do they want to sell
         | something that will help with my problem scope or do they just
         | want lock-in? This question isn't unique to IBM naturally, but
         | if that's what ends up occupying my mind after a meeting with
         | IBM representatives, I'm quite certain it's an indicator that
         | it's not something I want my team to get wrapped up in.
         | 
         | Edit: Changed "else outside the tech sphere" to "else outside
         | the tech/finance sphere"
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | IBM has a fondness for complexity that makes the current
       | situation with cloud offerings look like children's toys.
       | 
       | Their Global Services division could be summarized as a War on
       | Kernighan's Law. Find clever people, and have them strain
       | themselves to stand up a system so complex that you not only need
       | to keep paying GS to show up and maintain it, but in fact you
       | probably need to hire two more people just to keep the wheels on.
       | 
       | That has made them many enemies on the technical side of things.
       | People like me go out of our ways to sabotage any inroads they
       | try to make because we know what will happen if we don't.
       | Presentations of systems so complex you get a headache trying to
       | wrap your mind around it.
       | 
       | If we talk about it, it's not for long and with as few ears to
       | overhear as possible. It's like guerilla warfare. Targeted
       | attacks against a foe who could crush you like a bug if they knew
       | where to find you.
       | 
       | Oracle sniffing around is merely an irritation compared to the
       | spectre of IBM GS getting their hooks into your CTO.
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | Making thing simpler is hard.
         | 
         | Any technical excellence at IBM is probably an island and
         | definitely doesn't represent the rest of the company.
         | 
         | In my time there, only one thing mattered: head count (or more
         | precisely, body count). It didn't matter if those heads could
         | think. It was all about closing outsourcing contracts and
         | making a profit. With the occasional sprinkle of Watson
         | propaganda sprinkled on top to make it look like you were at
         | the pinnacle of computing.
         | 
         | I'm surprised IBM still exists. I can't remember a single
         | company that I worked for where IBM would have helped anything.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | IBM isn't just accidentally leaving things complex, they sell
           | tools that fix problems almost nobody has. What's that XML
           | RPC gateway they were peddling years ago? Jesus Christ just
           | use nginx and learn to manage certs.
        
             | saiya-jin wrote:
             | 'Fond' memories for monstrosities like Websphere or MQ
             | servers. Take trivial JMS or less-trivial-but-grokkable
             | J2EE spec, add 10x more ultra-proprietary stuff that is
             | very complex to grok compared to original spec, solves
             | little on top in real world, makes you utterly vendor-
             | locked in for every app until complete rewrite. You need
             | additional Eclipse-based apps to work with it at all, and
             | IIRC they were costly as hell too. Rinse and repeat.
             | 
             | Then there was Weblogic, that worked as well and mostly by
             | standards. Devs I met everywhere loved it.
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | > Take trivial JMS or less-trivial-but-grokkable J2EE
               | spec,
               | 
               | MQSeries predates Java itself and started out on MVS; it
               | was already the way it is when the JMS spec was
               | developed. There's no real excuse for WebSphere, though.
        
             | twisteriffic wrote:
             | From painful personal experience there are about 3 people
             | in all of IBM who understand PKI well enough to configure a
             | server.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Maybe it's because I have very good spatial intelligence,
               | but I always found PKI to be a lot simpler than most
               | people made it out to be. People treating me like some
               | sort of priest of the church of crypto when generating
               | and signing keys is really not that hard.
               | 
               | PKI is like a kitchen knife. The hard part is not getting
               | one, or picking it up, it's using it without cutting
               | yourself. But people treat the 'knife' like all aspects
               | are magical.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | I was at IBM for about five months, a few years ago.
               | 
               | It took from ~2 weeks after my start date until ~1 week
               | before my last day to get a vSphere cluster provisioned
               | for my development work.
               | 
               | PKI? Sounds hard, by comparison.
        
           | gregw134 wrote:
           | LLMs are sure going to make the Watson advertising look
           | outdated.
        
         | internet101010 wrote:
         | > Find clever people, and have them strain themselves to stand
         | up a system so complex that you not only need to keep paying GS
         | to show up and maintain it, but in fact you probably need to
         | hire two more people just to keep the wheels on.
         | 
         | AS/400 can still be found in the checkout line at Costco. I
         | don't think it is the main POS system but is used for things
         | like looking up customer information. IIRC Oracle is taking a
         | lot of that retailer backend business now.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | The _worst_ quality software I ever worked on as a software
         | developer was an unholy mess of baldy indented, copy  & pasted
         | PL/SQL, spaghetti code JSPs, and dubious code generally ...
         | written by IBM contractors (around Y2K timeframe). Luckily the
         | CTO was smart enough to hire our own team to build and maintain
         | it (and _eventually_ rewrite it) rather than have IBM maintain
         | it for $$$$.
         | 
         | I once saw the original architecture document and it was
         | actually very nice -- though perhaps unorthodox. The
         | _implementation_ was like an encyclopedia of Worst Practices.
         | 
         | I also worked a summer for IBM Global Services doing some
         | sysadmin and security work back in 1997... I'd characterize the
         | whole thing as... mediocrity.
         | 
         | Another time, I worked a contract in another part of IBM and
         | saw other parts and got to attend presentations and lectures
         | there and see the patents on the walls, and be exposed to some
         | of the really smart people and history there, and that
         | _product_ side of the organization (people who worked on DB2,
         | etc.) seemed much better.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I'm old enough to have encountered Netscape contractors. The
           | kid they sent to us, at $250/hr (that's $470 inflation
           | adjusted) no less, had the manual open in his lap. I'm pretty
           | sure they were taught never to get caught doing that.
           | 
           | If memory serves I helped our IT guy replace the whole mess
           | with Apache, so we'd never have to talk to them again. I used
           | to compete with Netscape so there was no small amusement in
           | costing them contractor hours.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | > I'm pretty sure they were taught never to get caught
             | doing that.
             | 
             | I've long ago learned that people misremember all the time.
             | I trust the person who quickly looks up the correct answer
             | in the manual over the person who thinks they din't need
             | the manual and uses what they think is right. Sure often
             | the second person gets things right, but when they get it
             | wrong they waste a lot of time trying to figure out which
             | thing is wrong.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah. It's one thing if they obviously don't have the
               | slightest clue. But if someone sort of knows how to do
               | something or even thinks they know how, I'm not going to
               | begrudge them checking a manual.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Opening a book to check something is very different from
               | rearranging yourself so you can keep it open in your lap
               | while you type.
               | 
               | Nothing they were doing was worth $250 an hour.
        
             | johnvanommen wrote:
             | > The kid they sent to us, at $250/hr (that's $470
             | inflation adjusted) no less, had the manual open in his
             | lap. I'm pretty sure they were taught never to get caught
             | doing that.
             | 
             | In my very first consulting gig, my employer intentionally
             | buried all of the best documentation on an internal forum.
             | I can't even count all the hours I burned up on
             | troubleshooting, only to learn days later that the thing I
             | was encountering was a known issue that was completely
             | undocumented and the only way to know that was to be
             | present in the office... which was 3000 miles away.
             | 
             | I tried to get management to open up the forums to public
             | consumption, but they were dead set against it, said that
             | their "intellectual property was too valuable."
        
         | wharvle wrote:
         | You point out Oracle as akin (but less _entirely_ awful). I 'd
         | throw Palantir on the pile. Sell management on bullshit, then,
         | once they've got their hooks in, it turns out they'll need to
         | be _way_ up your ass (and billing the whole time) to make any
         | of it happen, and the entire process will be miserable. Another
         | candidate for  "begin insurgent activities as soon as the name
         | is overheard" responses.
        
           | ido wrote:
           | Who would be a _good_ name to suggest? I can't imagine SAP
           | would do a good job at it either.
        
             | btian wrote:
             | AWS I suppose
        
               | wharvle wrote:
               | Versus Palantir, I think was the intent of the question.
               | IDK, from what I've seen they can't really do much more
               | out-of-the-box than lots of other less-bullshitty data
               | platforms, they're just far more aggressive about selling
               | "consulting" services to get you all the features they
               | told you they could do (and they can--with a bunch of
               | custom development, just like any other platform)
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | My last CEO was ex-IBM. He was _pissed_ when we (his technical
         | team), nixed his attempt to do a storage related deal with IBM.
         | We went through endless meetings with dozens of people on the
         | calls. They wanted to bring in some giant complex product and
         | we just wanted boxes with disks. They couldn 't understand that
         | we didn't need all the striping tools they had, because our
         | storage was just using full multiple copies across
         | servers/disks. It was a total square peg / round hole situation
         | and their sales team tactics were to try to discredit people
         | individually with what amounted to as being complete lies. It
         | really put a bad taste in my mouth to ever deal with those type
         | of people again.
        
           | Deprecate9151 wrote:
           | I was at a company where that exec won. In this case it was
           | the Infosphere suite to replace a fully mature
           | Informatica/Teradata environment and fix all the "issues".
           | Obviously the issues were all design and management, not
           | technical.
           | 
           | 3 years a tens of millions later the whole project is shut
           | down with no value delivered except a single data store and a
           | couple API endpoints. That exec went back to his IBM sales
           | job.
           | 
           | Last I heard they were still paying for and maintaining all
           | of it because that endpoint was used in a key product
           | offering.
        
             | blastro wrote:
             | This is like one of those "horror stories in 2 sentences"
             | type things.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | Most ex-IBMers want to "go home" in some form. It's some
           | bizarre rationale about returning to the mothership when they
           | were actually jettisoned. Don't get me wrong, working at IBM
           | in the 90s was fascinating but a lot of them only had careers
           | there.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I've known and know a not insignificant number of IBMers
             | who were there on the order of 30 years. I've tended to
             | stay in most jobs a fairly long time (decade plus or minus)
             | but nothing like that.
             | 
             | A former manager at another fairly old-line company, it
             | will presumably be the only company he will have ever
             | worked for--albeit through a couple acquisitions and some
             | stuff during dot-bomb.
        
           | secretforest wrote:
           | A lot of this mentality has to do with wanting a throat to
           | choke if something goes south. The bigger the throat, the
           | more the C-Suite rests easy, despite the costs. The old
           | "Nobody ever got fired buying IBM has morphed into nobody
           | ever got fired buying Microsoft/Oracle/AWS/whatever the
           | flavor of the day."
           | 
           | I've worked in places that refused to allow us (IT) to write
           | programs to automate processes that would have saved enough
           | money yearly to buy a house. They were "severely concerned"
           | because "if you leave or get hit by a bus, who will maintain
           | it?"
           | 
           | I work at a place now where I can automate away with
           | permission and prototype to show use case. I've been at this
           | job a year and have already automated a goodly portion of the
           | grunt work. Some of my colleagues look askance at me, and one
           | has said, "you're automating us out of jobs, eventually, you
           | do know this, right?" These guys/girls fear AI. I don't. I
           | don't use it because God gave me a brain and I'm expected to
           | exercise it. AI also feels like cheating to me. Sure, I may
           | have to read the docs more, hit up someone on Stack Exchange,
           | debug my code a little more, but you know what? I enjoy the
           | challenge. I'm basically getting paid to have fun, despite
           | the daily grind.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | > _A lot of this mentality has to do with wanting a throat
             | to choke if something goes south._
             | 
             | You're absolutely right about this on many levels. I also
             | heard that quite a few times from my CEO, even though we
             | often went with single smaller providers for things because
             | he also wanted to cut corners.
             | 
             | In this case though, I'd say it was more about nepotism.
             | The CEO wanted the deal with his old pals in exchange for
             | access to the IBM sales pipeline so that we could sell
             | their customers on storage deals on our hardware
             | deployment. The only way to get access to the deals was to
             | buy IBM hardware that was extremely over priced and far
             | more "capable" than what we actually needed.
             | 
             | The fact that their sales teams outright lied about things
             | they didn't even fully understand, was sickening for me.
             | Thankfully other people on my team stepped up and helped
             | prevent anything from moving forward.
             | 
             | I agree with you, automation is key.
        
             | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
             | >Some of my colleagues look askance at me, and one has
             | said, "you're automating us out of jobs, eventually, you do
             | know this, right?" These guys/girls fear AI. I don't. I
             | don't use it because God gave me a brain and I'm expected
             | to exercise it. AI also feels like cheating to me.
             | 
             | I'm... Not seeing the logical connection here. If you could
             | automate more of the work faster using AI than not using
             | AI, why wouldn't you?
        
               | secretforest wrote:
               | I got into IT because I want to be challenged. Asking
               | some generative AI bot about how to write a better
               | hotpatch function or how to automate a terribly-detailed
               | set of steps that require two people would defeat my own
               | learning. I'd rather take 3 days to sort that out than
               | solve it in minutes with AI. I get better by slogging it
               | out and the mistakes I make help me avoid future
               | mistakes.
               | 
               | I don't want the answers, per se, I want guidance. AI
               | would solve the issue for me. I don't want some bot
               | thinking for me. I'll retire when I cannot suss out how
               | to write code that solves problems or makes life easier.
               | 
               | And yes, I'm one of those holdouts who has never had the
               | desire to even test out generative AI. I'm not worried
               | about it supplanting me. I worried that I will lose my
               | own edge and curiosity.
        
               | tivert wrote:
               | > Asking some generative AI bot about how to write a
               | better hotpatch function or how to automate a terribly-
               | detailed set of steps that require two people would
               | defeat my own learning. I'd rather take 3 days to sort
               | that out than solve it in minutes with AI. I get better
               | by slogging it out and the mistakes I make help me avoid
               | future mistakes.
               | 
               | That is a good answer. Certain kinds of tools can become
               | a crutch that limit you and stifle your own development.
               | Maybe that's tolerable when it's not a core skill (e.g.
               | never learning your way around your city because you only
               | know how to react to GPS prompts), but when you're
               | talking about a core job skill, it's a recipe for
               | disaster (e.g. letting your skills atrophy or not
               | developing them in the first place).
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | While I think there has been a lot of hype in generative
               | AI and expecting it to replace programming as we know it
               | is premature at least, programming has always become
               | "less challenging" over time due to improvements in
               | technology. The famous "Story of Mel" was about a
               | programmer in the late 1950s refusing to use those
               | newfangled optimized assemblers rather than writing
               | machine code directly. Then there were compiled languages
               | like Fortran and Cobol that were far easier than machine
               | code/assembly. Then higher level languages, etc.
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | Same with (after HLLs, and in rough historical order,
               | over a few decades), 4GLs, CASE tools, OOP / OOAD / UML /
               | round-trip engineering, NoSQL, Functional Programming,
               | what, not, ML, AI, ... ;)
               | 
               | What is that French quote about: the more things change,
               | the more they stay the same?
               | 
               | Or that George Santayana quote.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Santayana
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | >The famous "Story of Mel" was about a programmer in the
               | late 1950s refusing to use those newfangled optimized
               | assemblers rather than writing machine code directly.
               | 
               | IIRC, K&R said something similar in the first edition of
               | their C book (referring to others' imagined reactions
               | about the C strcmp function:
               | 
               | "What, you mean I have to call a function to compare two
               | strings?"
               | 
               | They went on to add that they had tried to make C
               | function call overhead quite low, to handle this issue.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | As an alternative, you can seek learning and opportunity
               | to learn through other means even when assisted by AI.
               | 
               | For me, AI assistance has simply sped up the code _I
               | already know how to write_ (like structured test setups
               | etc.) so I can focus more on the problems related to the
               | business, which AI has no clue how to solve.
        
               | losteric wrote:
               | The way I use genAI, is exactly as you describe - it's my
               | ultimate rubber duck, one that's actually smart and can
               | talk back.
               | 
               | I use ChatGPT as a study partner in learning new direct-
               | skills, as a soft-skills partner in navigating business
               | dynamics, and a strategy partner in product work. It's
               | _very_ good at helping me learn to think better.
               | 
               | GPT 4 is basically useless for outputting the type of
               | code (or writing) I need on a regular basis. It just
               | doesn't have the right context to even be a viable tool
               | beyond boilerplate/bootstrapping.
        
             | johnvanommen wrote:
             | > I've worked in places that refused to allow us (IT) to
             | write programs to automate processes that would have saved
             | enough money yearly to buy a house. They were "severely
             | concerned" because "if you leave or get hit by a bus, who
             | will maintain it?"
             | 
             | I mean... _they kinda have a point don 't they?_
             | 
             | I was the sole maintainer on an app used by a Fortune 500
             | company, and if I were to get hit by a bus, it would've
             | been very difficult (possibly impossible) to support it.
             | 
             | There was very little documentation, because nobody but me
             | was maintaining it.
        
             | no_wizard wrote:
             | best CTO I ever had was someone who was honest about churn:
             | people leave, for multitude of reasons, that's why they
             | stressed documentation and testing, so others can pick up
             | where you will inevitably leave off, eventually for good.
             | It was baked into the culture that hand off was going to
             | happen eventually
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | Years ago I worked for IBM, and have dealt with them in various
         | contexts since.
         | 
         | The thing I've found that best captures the essence of IBM is
         | how they love bringing *everyone* to every meeting, and then
         | insist on full introductions. Every time.
         | 
         | I've been on a few different projects where we would routinely
         | chew up 20 minutes of a 30 minute call hearing every last one
         | of them announce their name and role. Thanks folks, I already
         | know who you are. Can we talk about the project now?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | On the clock of course.
           | 
           | My last interaction with them, I remember they kept claiming
           | the sky was falling (aka schedule slip) if we didn't rework
           | the library to do exactly the API they worked out before any
           | line of code was written and with no input from the _four_
           | other teams that needed to consume it.
           | 
           | This culminated in 2 of our leads sitting in a room with a
           | giant table, in a meeting of what had to be ten people at
           | least, for three hours one afternoon while we dictated
           | pseudocode and sequence diagrams for their next three months'
           | of work (if you can describe a month of work in an hour, it's
           | really not as complex as people are making it out to be)
           | 
           | So we paid six or seven of them to listen while we did half
           | of their job for them, with our two most expensive employees.
        
           | pram wrote:
           | This made me laugh hard. When I worked at Oracle they'd do
           | this in internal meetings if it was outside your immediate
           | team! A dozen people saying "I am a System Analyst II for
           | Managed Services" like goddamn who fucking cares
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I had a boss who was making giving me a lead position into
             | a bigger deal than it needed to be. Like he wanted me and
             | one of my peers to be secret leads before he announced it
             | formally. The entire situation was odd.
             | 
             | I told him I didn't care what he called me, what mattered
             | is whether people would listen to me when I asked them to
             | do stuff, like use a better solution to a problem. If you
             | want to be a lead, you have to do a lot of that yourself.
             | But I was young (1st lead position) and his lack of backing
             | that up were making it all more complicated than it needed
             | to be.
             | 
             | Made all the weirder by the fact that he was good at
             | selling people on ideas, to a fault (it took me 3 tries to
             | quit that job, he was such a smooth talker)
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Another story for that same project: this was a program where
           | being two weeks behind schedule resulted in theatrics. Think
           | English Parliament in period pieces, but toned down and with
           | more ties.
           | 
           | That same other lead and I had figured out that IBM was
           | perpetually 5 weeks behind, and always fishing for problems
           | on other teams they could use to invoke day-for-day schedule
           | slippage.
           | 
           | And the reason we knew it was five weeks is this: they would
           | not take patches or hot fixes from us. Because doing so would
           | indicate that we hadn't fulfilled out contract to deliver on
           | X date. So I'd give them version 1.0.4 (had to be exactly
           | 1.0.4, if the CI/CD pipeline glitched and I gave them 1.0.5
           | they would demand an explanation, fuckers). And then I'd go
           | off working on catching up with automating functional testing
           | that we were still figuring out, trying to get it to run
           | faster on one particular underpowered destination system, or
           | get feedback from other teams about how some feature in the
           | release was fundamentally broken, and I'd fix those problems
           | and issue 1.0.5-7.
           | 
           | I'd tell them they needed the patch and they would say no.
           | Then eight weeks after we gave it to them they'd complain it
           | was broken, they are blocked, and the schedule will slip "day
           | for day" until we fix the bugs - often bugs they should have
           | seen week one if they were actually using the deliverables we
           | gave them.
           | 
           | In one case it took me about 14 clock hours to fix their
           | problem, but in all other cases I had already fixed that bug
           | almost exactly six weeks before they found it. I just
           | informed them that 1.0.7 already fixes that, upgrade. They
           | were hoping for a week and every time they got less than a
           | day, and only then if the meeting schedule aligned so the
           | could stall for half a day. That was honestly one of the more
           | satisfying aspects of that job.
           | 
           | Ten times they came at us with that schtick, and it worked
           | once. Barely.
           | 
           | Near as I can tell they were spending a month at the
           | beginning of each milestone cleaning up tech debt from
           | stapling together the feature set for the previous milestone,
           | and not getting around to our stuff until much later than
           | they wanted the company to know.
        
             | senderista wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_chicken
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | I am amazed there is an wiki article for this.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | This really hits home. It was absurd. 12 people on a zoom
           | call, 1-2, at most, speak beyond the introductions.
        
             | johnvanommen wrote:
             | > This really hits home. It was absurd. 12 people on a zoom
             | call, 1-2, at most, speak beyond the introductions.
             | 
             | For a while there, I had a weekly meeting at a former
             | employer that had 63 people on it. The goal of the project
             | was to change the IP address on an Oracle server.
             | 
             | Nobody wanted to take responsibility for the change,
             | because if it broke, they might be unemployed.
             | 
             | So it just dragged on, week after week after week.
        
               | glitchcrab wrote:
               | I honestly don't know how you can work in an environment
               | like that, it sounds like my idea of hell.
        
       | cowpig wrote:
       | This article is terribly written. It flows between strong claims
       | like this one:
       | 
       | > The company's technological accomplishments are still
       | recognizable as the forerunners of the digital era, yet its
       | culture of social responsibility--a focus on employees rather
       | than shareholders, restraint in executive compensation, and
       | investment in anti-poverty programs--proved a dead end.
       | 
       | And loose narrative, without ever tying the two together at all.
       | 
       | How was this culture of social responsibility a "dead end"
       | exactly? Oh, it's just a vibe. Let's talk about Watson family
       | drama.
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | I think it means they were losing money before they put Watson
         | Jr. out to pasture and brought in the hatchet man Gerstner, who
         | took millions per year and left after 13 years with a $189
         | million severance package. IBM seemed more successful by the
         | early 2000s.
         | 
         | I am not sure how the anti-poverty programs tie in but most
         | likely they were just scrapped as no longer in fashion.
        
       | bcantrill wrote:
       | To anyone interested in the history of IBM (and I think the TJ
       | Watson Jr. era has many lessons to teach!), be sure to also read
       | _IBM and the Holocaust_ by Edwin Black. I read this recently --
       | and wished I had read it much earlier.[0]
       | 
       | [0] https://bcantrill.dtrace.org/2023/11/26/what-punch-cards-
       | tea...
        
       | GiorgioG wrote:
       | My father in law worked for IBM in the 60s-90s in chip fab /
       | manufacturing in NY. They used to make everything down to the
       | screws that held the machines together, had their own paint shop,
       | etc. By the time he left all of that was gone.
        
         | bruce511 wrote:
         | This is not uncommon in "new" industries. You see the same
         | effect in cars and planes - in the early years the companies
         | had to "do everything". Once scale is reached then companies
         | appear that do "just on task", which then "take over" that task
         | for the parent.
         | 
         | This plays out at the small scale as well. When I started out
         | writing commercial software it was very common to either sell a
         | PC with it, or at least sell the concept of computerisation.
         | For lots of companies this was their first computer. We were
         | their defects IT department.
         | 
         | 10 years goes past, and customers now already have computers.
         | 10 more years and they have IT either on staff, or on contract.
         | 
         | We got to go back to writing software.
         | 
         | In the same way, yes, IBM needed to do everything. There was no
         | off-the-shelf anything. So try make hardware, wrote software,
         | sold services.
         | 
         | And this is the point. IBM always existed to sell services.
         | Everything else was to get them there. Other people made
         | hardware. Others made software. They are left to focus on their
         | services.
         | 
         | This is likely revisionist history because I'm sure along the
         | way lots of IBMers saw themselves as a hardware or software
         | company. But I'm not sure that was ever the "core" idea. Those
         | were just necessary to sell services, and were off-loaded along
         | the way.
        
           | zer00eyz wrote:
           | > This is not uncommon in "new" industries. You see the same
           | effect in cars and planes - in the early years the companies
           | had to "do everything". Once scale is reached then companies
           | appear that do "just on task", which then "take over" that
           | task for the parent.
           | 
           | This is called vertical integration. It's not about "new"
           | though it does crop up there. Amazon is an example of this:
           | Chips for servers, warehouses, ships, vans for last mile...
           | YKK zippers is another, they make their own equipment, refine
           | raw materials all in an effort to have the best final product
           | (and it shows).
           | 
           | > And this is the point. IBM always existed to sell services.
           | Everything else was to get them there.
           | 
           | So the bit where IBM sold typewriters and time clocks in 1911
           | was all a big plot to sell software services someday?
           | 
           | > 10 years goes past, and customers now already have
           | computers. 10 more years and they have IT either on staff, or
           | on contract.
           | 
           | The failure of IBM is long, slow and tragic. It is a failure
           | to evolve with the market, it is the gutting and miss
           | management of core assets.
        
             | tobinfricke wrote:
             | > The failure of IBM is long, slow and tragic.
             | 
             | "Failure of IBM"?
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | As a beacon of engineering
        
             | wizerdrobe wrote:
             | The firm name is quite literally "International Business
             | Machine." The idea that they're just a services firm is...
             | something else.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | And maybe that's just as well. The value of IBM hardware was
         | not in the screws or the paint.
        
           | prasadjoglekar wrote:
           | The IBM selectric typewriter would disagree. Everything was
           | well designed, including the screws and paint and the
           | aesthetic.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | I nearly went to IBM. Fortunately I didn't. Their program for
       | plant visits was the best of any of the companies I interviewed
       | with: at the end of the day, they asked me to estimate all my
       | expenses, and then they handed me an envelope of cash.
       | 
       | Another legacy company book HN'ers would really like for a
       | Christmas gift is "Bill & Dave"
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Bill-Dave-Hewlett-Packard-Greatest/dp...
       | 
       | the author is an unabashed fanboy, and the history ends with Mark
       | Hurd before he imploded. Still, it's a great history of a
       | (formerly) great company.
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | how did Mark Hurd implode? I've never heard this before
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | A lot of his success was increasingly viewed as financial
           | engineering that included things like really cutting back on
           | research. He was eventually forced out over some expense
           | picadillos that were presumably cover for the fact that the
           | board just didn't want him there any more. (Or there may have
           | been been other issues that AFAIK never came fully to light.)
        
         | Aloha wrote:
         | There is a very good argument that the real inheritor of the HP
         | DNA is Keysight.
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | I spent some time with IBM: Worked on the inside in an AI
       | (artificial intelligence) project at their research lab and also
       | outside -- sometimes a happy customer and sometimes fighting with
       | IBM and being happy with other computer vendors.
       | 
       | Here is how IBM worked when their approach worked well: They
       | would have polished sales representatives (reps) who would get
       | the confidence of a relatively high decision maker, commonly a
       | CEO, also with contacts with the BOD, in an organization that had
       | some serious _data processing_ problems. The IBM rep would talk
       | with the CEO (decision maker) about the problems and claim that
       | IBM could implement a good solution. Commonly that was music to
       | the ears of the CEO -- just give the leadership, design work,
       | technical work and products of the solution to IBM.
       | 
       | Generally we would regard IBM's charges as high, but in the
       | target companies (1) IBM didn't have serious competition and (2)
       | the company and their problem was so big that the IBM charges
       | were _worth it_.
       | 
       | With the business at a target customer, IBM worked hard, made
       | sure the hard/software was highly reliable, and delivered good
       | results.
       | 
       | E.g., one customer was a medical insurance company. They had
       | staffs in three time zones keying in medical claims applications.
       | For this they had a mainframe computer, with their usual
       | operating system, their network equipment ending with their 3270
       | terminals, COBOL-based (right, maybe PL/I, etc.) applications
       | software, DB2 relational data base, etc.
       | 
       | The system worked very well: A significant outage meant that to
       | keep up with the work staff would have to be called back after
       | hours and paid overtime.
       | 
       | Soooo, it was important that the whole system had almost no
       | downtime. Part of the approach was to have a _test system_ and
       | for any hard /software update, run it on the test system for some
       | days before using the update for the real work.
       | 
       | Both IBM and the customer were very serious. Uh, having to pay
       | some overtime could cost the System Manager his bonus.
       | 
       | Now, there are lots of options for _data entry_. PCs and even
       | laptops can play a major role. The mainframes IBM was selling as
       | computers were tiny and slow compared with nearly any desktop or
       | laptop PC now. Having one PC out of hundreds+ quit does not have
       | to be serious problem.
       | 
       | Now lots of people and companies can set up serious, reliable,
       | powerful computing installations, and IBM is no longer the only
       | option.
       | 
       | And the IBM _target_ customer is no longer such a big part of
       | computing.
        
       | jonathaneunice wrote:
       | Another, contrarian perspective: I worked with IBM Fellows, CTOs,
       | Distinguished Engineers, VPs, and divisional GMs for two decades,
       | and they were _sharp_. Less than 1N on the CATRA scale sharp.
       | Absolutely on par with folks I worked with Apple, HP, Intel,
       | Microsoft, Oracle, Sun Microsystems, and IBM 's competitors of
       | the time.
       | 
       | IBM's approach was indeed heavy-weight, and they loved
       | complexifying things--but so did a lot of their customers in
       | finance, aerospace, automotive, consumer goods, yadda yadda. IT
       | operated by an entirely different business model and set of
       | preferences in 1960-1990 than it did in 2000. It was the bespoke,
       | pre-open standards, we'll handle all the edge cases in this
       | lovingly homegrown solution era. The products were expensive, but
       | in many cases solved technical operational problems that nothing
       | else did. "Best of breed" was a common rallying cry;
       | interchangeable parts and the virtues of utter standardization
       | only came into prominence slowly.
       | 
       | The world's very different now, and there was enormous tension
       | inside IBM, and between IBM and its customers and competitors,
       | evolving to where we are today. (The same was true of almost all
       | the legacy competitors.) However real that tension, what worked
       | in the Before Times was the cause, not that IBM only employed
       | doofuses or brought Mongol Hordes and crappy technology to bear.
        
       | dakial1 wrote:
       | Worked at IBM for some time recently and I agree with many people
       | here about the amazing technical talent there. Really bright
       | people with deep understanding about their fields. I also worked
       | with some very good project managers there, that can move very
       | complex projects ahead like a maestro.
       | 
       | IBM problem today is:
       | 
       | 1) The bureaucracy and general organizational sluggishness
       | created by years and years of policy over policy to avoid 1%, 2%
       | risks that in the end impact 100% of the company.
       | 
       | 2) the leadership, which mostly come from the commercial part of
       | the firm and are "number cookers", who now how to play the
       | forementioned bureaucracy and controls, moving around air to look
       | like their are beating their targets.
       | 
       | This makes the company extremely slow, unwilling to take risks,
       | letting Google and Microsoft pass them repeatedly. Personal
       | Computers, the Internet, Cloud Computing and now AI. IBM was at
       | the right place on all of those opportunities, but its internal
       | problems made it unable to take the right action to fetch them.
        
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