[HN Gopher] Polish Hackers that repaired DRM trains threatened b...
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       Polish Hackers that repaired DRM trains threatened by train company
        
       Author : NKosmatos
       Score  : 391 points
       Date   : 2023-12-13 15:20 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.404media.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.404media.co)
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | _Eventually_ , the article discusses the murky legal status of
       | such hacking in the EU.
       | 
       | It'd be nice to imagine that, for large industrial equipment,
       | buyers could squeeze DRM-happy suppliers out of existence. Vs. in
       | reality...
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | The manufacturer is trying to evoke "murky status".
         | 
         | But both national law states it's OK, and there is a ruling by
         | Court of Justice of the European Union stating that Reverse
         | Engineering done by owner even of a program license (EULA
         | style) to make it _work_ or fix errors is legal.
        
           | ferdek wrote:
           | Not only that, the article being from American media, even
           | with the footnote, the commenters, miss the whole point about
           | copyright being exclusively American concept and we don't
           | have this in EU. We have IP and authorship rights that work
           | differently. See last part for explanation:
           | https://thehftguy.com/2020/09/15/french-judge-rules-gpl-
           | lice...
        
             | matkoniecz wrote:
             | since when copyright does not exist in Europe?
        
               | ferdek wrote:
               | For instance, in Poland (which is in Europe) you have all
               | rights to create copies of software, music, movies, for
               | your personal use after paying for the original copy. You
               | cannot do this under _copyright_ which strictly forbids
               | you from creating copies of the original media. Copy-
               | right, as a right to create copies.
               | 
               | In this meaning, copyright is not the same as authorship
               | rights, which is a basis of intellectual property
               | protection in Europe.
               | 
               | Similarly for software patents, they do not work in EU.
        
             | btilly wrote:
             | I suspect that the legal differences are less than claimed.
             | 
             | The first test of an open source license in court was
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobsen_v._Katzer. It was
             | initially lost on a somewhat similar argument. Namely that
             | it was a contract, not a copyright license, and then was an
             | unenforceable contract and therefore invalid. This decision
             | was reversed on appeal.
             | 
             | I have no particular reason to believe that the first
             | French judge to rule on an open source license did a better
             | job than the first US judge to do the same. Both ruled
             | against the license.
        
             | uKVZe85V wrote:
             | That was 2020. The case evolved in favor of the GPL, see
             | e.g. https://www.april.org/violation-d-une-licence-libre-
             | entr-ouv...
        
           | Avamander wrote:
           | In some EU countries it's also legal to reverse engineer
           | computer programs fully when compatibility with other
           | computer systems is the goal. Without the need from any
           | authorisation of the copyright holder and it doesn't have to
           | be buggy or broken.
        
             | 8372049 wrote:
             | That's EU-wide law, plus the EEA.
             | 
             | We also have this right:
             | 
             |  _The person having a right to use a copy of a computer
             | program shall be entitled, without the authorisation of the
             | rightholder, to observe, study or test the functioning of
             | the program in order to determine the ideas and principles
             | which underlie any element of the program if he does so
             | while performing any of the acts of loading, displaying,
             | running, transmitting or storing the program which he is
             | entitled to do._
             | 
             | Article 5(3) and 6.
             | 
             | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
             | content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32...
        
               | Avamander wrote:
               | Oh, I didn't know it was an EU-wide directive. Estonian
               | copyright law has contained that paragraph since 1992.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | But those articles in no way gives one the right to harm
               | the rightholder's business practices. For example by
               | exposing them to public criticism. That potential
               | limitation is implied in both 5.3 and 6.2.a.
               | 
               | I don't know what other provisions of EU law might apply
               | here. But it is literally the job of the lawyers issuing
               | the threats to find potential gotchas like that. I would
               | assume that they are competent.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | Similarly it's criminal to put undisclosed lockouts
               | preventing owner of the device from using it.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | > But in Europe, the legality of what Dragon Sector did is
           | murkier. [...] Cory Doctorow explained in his excellent
           | Pluralistic blog that Article 6 of Europe's 2001 Copyright
           | and Information Society Directive is generally stricter on
           | DRM circumvention than Section 1201 of the DMCA, and does not
           | have a specific repair exemption. Because of this law,
           | Doctorow told 404 Media that "there is now an extra layer of
           | jeopardy for these researchers. They were brave to come
           | forward..."
           | 
           | If the law is huge and complex, and a large company wants to
           | make your life hell...
        
             | rjmunro wrote:
             | I don't think this is true. I think the legality of what
             | they did is totally clear under article 5 & 6 of the EU
             | Computer Programs Directive. https://eur-
             | lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32...
             | 
             | Reverse Engineering (Decompiling) software that you own to
             | fix errors and allow interoperability is explicitly
             | allowed.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | I hope that you are correct.
               | 
               | I fear that (allowing for the "someone with enough money
               | and lawyers can make your life hell" effect) you are not.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I think this should be filled under sabotage of critical
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | It is either that or DRM means the OEM gets to remotely
               | shut down entire train network whenever they like?
               | Imagine the money one could make with such a service.
        
               | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
               | From what I gathered in Polish media, the Dragon Sector's
               | attorney has implied they are eyeing exploring this
               | possibility legally.
        
               | virtue3 wrote:
               | yeah screw this. if they are claiming that they hacked
               | their DRM they should absolutely counter sue that this
               | DRM counts as sabotage and/or domestic terrorism. There
               | was literally code in there that told the trains to stop
               | working after X date if it sat still for X amount of
               | time.
               | 
               | That's bonkers. And criminal.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | Prosecution started working from statues that talk about
               | crimes of preventing someone from operating, as well as
               | manipulation or _prevention_ of proper handling of data
               | relevant to national security and /or transportation.
               | 
               | Neither cares about breaking DRM or IP, but third party
               | (including vendor) manipulation.
        
               | nolist_policy wrote:
               | Yes, imagine if a individual did this and not a company.
               | A individual would probably go to jail.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | I don't think that you are reading that like a lawyer
               | would.
               | 
               | For example article 6, part 2 (a) does not allow the
               | information retrieved to be used for any purpose other
               | than establishing interoperability. The hackers stepped
               | over that line when they released some of what they
               | discovered for the purpose of publicly criticizing the
               | manufacturer.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | There's ECH ruling that fixing errors is legit case of
               | interoperability.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | DRM is, generally, about whether or not you can copy the
             | files, or how you use the software (whether it's licensed
             | use).
             | 
             | This isn't DRM (though that's bad too). It's far worse.
             | It's ransomware, they hijacked trains. Everyone involved
             | should be locked in a dungeon for the better part of a
             | century.
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | >If the law is huge and complex, and a large company wants
             | to make your life hell...
             | 
             | Newag's revenue is about $300 million. This isn't Siemens.
        
             | kolinko wrote:
             | There was an EU ruling on the subject, this year, stating
             | explicitly that you can decompile software to fix bugs,
             | under certain restrictions.
             | 
             | https://www.traple.pl/legalna-dekompilacja-programu-
             | komputer...
             | 
             | The article is in polish, but auto-translate should do it's
             | job easily.
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | It's strange. Usually the competition for train contracts is
         | quite fierce and train operators have a lot of power dictating
         | terms.
         | 
         | This is not some david vs goliath thing.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Trains are often, somehow or another, public infrastructure.
           | (In Poland it looks like they are run by state-owned
           | companies, mostly?) Countries should work in the interest of
           | their populations, so really we hope David vs Goliath here,
           | except Goliath is the good guy and also hopefully wins.
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | This is a consequence of the train operator winning a court
           | judgement to permit them to use third parties for servicing
           | the trains, followed by "technical measures" of the
           | manufacturer to cripple the trains if this was actually done.
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | European Railway Agency, through EU directives, secured
           | unbundling of maintenance& repair operations from vendors.
           | Vendors no longer are allowed to claim trade secrets or IP as
           | reason for not providing complete and effective maintenance &
           | repair documentation suitable for performing all levels of
           | maintenance.
           | 
           | Since then, MRO is purchased through separate tender process
           | - and NEWAG didn't win several times.
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | Yeah, the more I look into this the more dire this looks
             | for Newag.
        
       | prmoustache wrote:
       | I don't think Newagg stands a chance. The hackers didn't hack a
       | third party IT network/system. They hacked a train that was owned
       | by the railway company, not Newagg.
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | Some railway specialist also noted that some of the trains that
         | were publicly known to be part of this have explicit
         | registrations that make the owners also fully in their right to
         | decide about their maintenance.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | They have deep pockets - all they have to do is grind them
         | down, and they win by default. What's legal or not is
         | practically irrelevant when you're dealing with individuals vs
         | a corporation.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | the railway company might also have deep pockets
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | Isn't disassembly illegal in EU, because [something something]
         | IP yada yada?
         | 
         | Still, to put such restrictions in code _and_ threaten the
         | people who found them with legal action... I 'm not even sure
         | how to describe it.
        
           | kolinko wrote:
           | Exactly opposite. EU high court ruled that you are free to
           | decompile software to fix bugs etc. Also, in Poland at least,
           | it used to be legal to even crack software that you own for
           | the purpose of making backup copies etc (not sure how it is
           | now)
           | 
           | https://www.traple.pl/legalna-dekompilacja-programu-
           | komputer...
           | 
           | Article in polish, but you can auto-translate easily.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | > They hacked a train that was owned by the railway company ...
         | 
         | The article seems to say the hackers were hired by the
         | maintenance place that _the owner of the trains_ (Lower
         | Silesian Railway) hired.
         | 
         | Newagg is the manufacturer of the trains which were bought, not
         | the owner of them.
        
         | askvictor wrote:
         | The legal system may be quite different in Poland to whereever
         | you are (assuming it's not Poland). Also many products these
         | days have a licence/EULA that supposedly prevents you doing
         | certain things.
        
         | TomaszZielinski wrote:
         | Personally I object to calling it hacking (it the popular/mass
         | media sense).
         | 
         | If a company hires me to inspect their systems, and it's not
         | shady (i.e. everything seems legitimate), then I'm not hacking
         | anything. It's really no different to working on a CRUD (well,
         | it's more interesting :)).
         | 
         | There might be some legal provisions (DRM laws, some EULA,
         | etc.) that muddy the water. But that doesn't change the fact,
         | that I can't find any ethical problem with what the Dragon
         | Sector folks did[1]. And for me hacking is something unethical
         | --criminal aspect is secondary.
         | 
         | [1] based solely on the articles I read
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Ethical hacking is a thing. And it is definitely hacking in
           | the sense that they did something someone attempted to
           | prevent them to do, and from a technical standpoint, it is
           | not much different to what criminals do. Hacking a train so
           | that it accepts third party repairs and hacking a credit card
           | reader to steal your money make use of the same techniques.
           | And for me at least, hacking is about technique, not ethics.
           | 
           | The ethical distinction is between white hats and black hats.
           | The people in the article are white hats, that is, they work
           | legally, ethically, and they are open about their activities.
           | 
           | Note: I mean hacking as it is most commonly known now. Not
           | MIT-style hacking.
        
           | mr_person wrote:
           | Given that the word "hacker" originated in the model railway
           | world, I think its the perfect name here.
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | If they get in trouble for repairing a goddamn train, what chance
       | do we have to keep the right to repair our phones?
       | 
       | I hate living in (techno)feudalism, I thought we moved past
       | that...
        
         | vorticalbox wrote:
         | Newagg are probably more concerned about the knock on their
         | reputation and future sales than actually caring what the
         | hackers did.
        
           | quercusa wrote:
           | As well they should be.
        
           | noname120 wrote:
           | Their bellicose behavior will only further tarnish their
           | reputation. And the Barbara Streisand effect will ensure that
           | everyone knows about it. Not a very wise move in a
           | liberalized European market where news travel fast and
           | competition is ruthless.
           | 
           | This time around corrupting the national politicians won't
           | cut it to get the contracts -- the European regulator is
           | keeping a close eye on this and it's not known for being
           | complacent with attempts to bypass its oversight.
        
             | yread wrote:
             | Well, I, for one, surely won't be buying any trains from
             | them!
        
               | plagiarist wrote:
               | You jest, but the odds are rapidly increasing that they
               | encounter someone in charge of the purchasing decision
               | who won't work with them on principle.
        
               | UseStrict wrote:
               | I have friends who work indirectly in rail systems
               | procurement in Canada. If they don't know about this
               | already, they will soon from me.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | They _really_ should be concerned about knocks on their door
           | at 4 am.
        
         | tempodox wrote:
         | > I thought we moved past that...
         | 
         | We have barely even started.
        
       | bluish29 wrote:
       | > The trains also had a GSM telemetry unit that was broadcasting
       | lock conditions, and in some cases appeared to be able to lock
       | the train remotely.
       | 
       | In what universe this is not sabotage?
        
         | e2le wrote:
         | I think it's fair to say the manufacturer is intentionally
         | introducing vulnerabilities to a nation's critical
         | infrastructure. Is it possible for a sufficiently motivated
         | actor to shutdown trains in Poland remotely? I'm doubtful the
         | engineers used best practices when implementing such a
         | function.
        
           | WASDx wrote:
           | Hide a GPS spoofer (illegal) at a central train station to
           | make all trains believe they are at the forbidden workshop
           | location and make them brick themselves? Could it be that
           | easy?
        
             | vincnetas wrote:
             | Is there such thing as GPS spoofer? I would guess only
             | JAMMER is possible.
        
               | baobrien wrote:
               | GPS C/A signals are pretty straightforward to generate
               | and not authenticated.
        
               | e2le wrote:
               | Yes[1], and is a regular occurrence.[2] It was also the
               | method by which Iran stole a US drone.[3]
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoofing_attack#GNSS_s
               | poofing
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-
               | transport/2023-0...
               | 
               | [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93U.S._RQ-1
               | 70_incid...
        
               | nicce wrote:
               | You can spoof GPS. It just needs be in the sky, and JAM
               | at the same time. In theory it is possible?
        
               | e2le wrote:
               | > It just needs be in the sky
               | 
               | The target doesn't need to be airborne for such an attack
               | to work.
               | 
               | >A "proof-of-concept" attack was successfully performed
               | in June 2013, when the luxury yacht White Rose of Drachs
               | was misdirected with spoofed GPS signals by a group of
               | aerospace engineering students from the Cockrell School
               | of Engineering at the University of Texas in Austin.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoofing_attack#GNSS_spoofi
               | ng
        
               | nicce wrote:
               | > The target doesn't need to be airborne for such an
               | attack to work.
               | 
               | I mean, the spoofing signal needs to usually come from
               | sky. You want to hinder the original signal and makes
               | yours stronger. Of course, signal can be reflected and
               | there are other means to reach this.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Can you elaborate on why you think that "the spoofing
               | signal needs to usually come from sky"? As far as I
               | understand, it literally _never_ comes from the sky, in
               | every single case it involved ground-based transmitters.
               | 
               | The GPS system doesn't use the direction to the GPS
               | satellite for localization but rather only the distance
               | i.e. timing, so spoofing GPS is based on accurate control
               | of the time of the transmitted (or replayed!) signals.
        
               | nicce wrote:
               | > The GPS system doesn't use the direction to the GPS
               | satellite for localization but rather only the distance
               | i.e. timing, so spoofing GPS is based on accurate control
               | of the time of the transmitted (or replayed!) signals
               | 
               | GPS uses Signal-to-Noise ratio for determinating the
               | signal quality and integrity. Horizontal signal will
               | suffer pretty fast. Especially if your receiver is
               | sophisticated and could actually detect the signal
               | strength (power) outliers. If you want to spoof GPS
               | signal very well, it should be also weak. But weak signal
               | will quickly disappear with ground-based transmitters.
               | 
               | I used "strength" incorrectly on the previous comment.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | GPS spoofing is generally done at limited range and line
               | of sight so the fact that "horizontal signal will suffer
               | pretty fast" and having the range limited by terrain and
               | curvature of the earth is not a problem but a feature
               | that the spoofers generally want - affecting the target,
               | but not affecting people 500 miles away; and sometimes
               | even explicitly doing that from a pit so that spoofing or
               | jamming affects airborne targets but not those on the
               | ground.
               | 
               | And regarding "If you want to spoof GPS signal very well,
               | it should be also weak" the scenarios I've seen (e.g.
               | targeting drones in current conflicts) often explicitly
               | target non-sophisticated commercial off-shelf GPS modules
               | that don't attempt to detect spoofing and will gladly
               | accept a signal that's 100 times louder than the actual
               | satellites, so I think the spoofers often have no desire
               | to do it "well" according to your criteria.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | You can buy this bad boy and hook it up to a software
               | defined radio and it will spoof away!
               | 
               | https://safran-navigation-timing.com/product/skydel-
               | simulati...
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | I would imagine it only works while trying to service the
             | train (or at least while the train thinks it's being
             | serviced).
        
             | LorenPechtel wrote:
             | It only bricks if they're there 10 days.
        
               | AntonyGarand wrote:
               | Hide a spoofer on the train itself, this way you can
               | target any train anywhere
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | Yeah, trains tend to have large cabinets inside, and not
               | like those cabinets are opened and inspected every day.
        
         | plagiarist wrote:
         | Any where the corporations have done successful regulatory
         | capture of the legislation.
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | I bet the fine print on the sales contract is pretty darn
         | small.
        
         | Nasrudith wrote:
         | If it was a documented anti-theft feature it could be legit. A
         | state could theoretically have some use for the proverbial
         | 'blow up your own bridges when you are invaded' sort of
         | measures.
         | 
         | Ignoring the lack of disclosure of what should be a selling
         | point and that there hasn't been a case of trains being stolen
         | for later illicit reuse in recent memory.
        
       | Sephr wrote:
       | This is sure to backfire and increase attention to NEWAG's own
       | alleged criminal behavior.
       | 
       | NEWAG executives & those responsible should face criminal charges
       | for conspiracy to defraud in addition to libel.
       | 
       | It's clear that NEWAG knowingly lied about alleged malfeasance
       | from the third party repair shops, and took advantage of their
       | sabotage to incentivize if not require their customer to pay for
       | service at NEWAG's own repair shops.
        
         | plagiarist wrote:
         | I would love to see criminal charges on this one, especially if
         | they come under a computer hacking law, as that might set a
         | great precedent for consumer protections. Unfortunately it will
         | probably be more like a fine if anything.
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | Hacking? No. This is simply sabotage for the purposes of
           | extortion.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | That would be lovely, but it depends on how the media presents
         | it (I can see the image of a hooded "hacker" being used and the
         | story being "hackers intrude into trains, face criminal
         | charges, government demands investigation and hardening of DRM
         | to prevent future illegality which poses a risk to the
         | public"), and on how much cash they're willing to throw at it
         | to crush the hackers with civil and criminal suits.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | The story I read said that the repair delays impacted train
           | schedules (owing to fewer trains in operation). Potentially
           | millions of people had their life disrupted because of
           | corporate greed.
           | 
           | Seems like a slam dunk public outcry.
        
       | 6510 wrote:
       | Janusz Cieszynski Former Minister of Digital Affairs
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/jciesz/status/1732411016221524070?s=20
       | 
       | translation: > The president of Newag contacted me. He claims
       | that Newag fell victim to cybercriminals and it was not an
       | intentional action by the company. The analysis I saw indicated
       | something else, but for the sake of clarity, I will write about
       | everything.
        
         | rjmunro wrote:
         | If their train software contains patches by cybercriminals that
         | they were unable to detect but a third party hacking group
         | without documentation were, how can we possibly believe that
         | the train's software is safe? Surely the hackers could have put
         | some other bugs in there.
        
           | jakub_g wrote:
           | Exactly. If they "fell victim to cybercriminals" who entered
           | backdoors in the code (that they didn't know about for over 2
           | years!) then Newag should instantly recall all trains for
           | inspection.
           | 
           | Contrarily, if they _knew_ about it, and didn't tell anyone,
           | then it's even worse.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | But if that's true, then what ground does the train company
         | have for threatening the hackers? If you got hacked, then we
         | weren't breaking _your_ stuff. We were just undoing damage that
         | someone else did _to you_ as well as to your customer.
        
         | nabakin wrote:
         | What interest would cybercriminals have in bricking trains at
         | _only_ independent repair centers? This is a ridiculous claim.
        
           | matkoniecz wrote:
           | Black flag operation, by competition pretending to be Newagg?
           | But that is plot-of-cartoon-villain level of nonsense.
        
             | justsomehnguy wrote:
             | Ah, thanks for the laughs.
        
           | postexitus wrote:
           | To bring Newag down if they don't pay the ransom, of course.
           | Cue brainpower meme.
        
         | Verdex wrote:
         | Executive 101: Blame the techies.
         | 
         | The moment I heard about this event, I knew that it was only a
         | matter of time before the offending company executives would be
         | blaming the developers. Interesting that their particular path
         | forward is blaming malicious third party developers because the
         | next thing that happens is someone interviews their devs and
         | finds out that they in fact are the people who put this in. At
         | the behest of middle management who behested at the behest of
         | upper management.
         | 
         | My prediction is that we'll soon be hearing about how upper
         | management would never have told a developer or middle manager
         | to program this in and it's the lower level guys who have gone
         | rogue which is why they blamed cybercriminals.
         | 
         | A lot of philosophy and poetics go into software engineering
         | ethics that I find uncompelling at best. However, the pair of
         | "why would you want to injure someone you don't even know" and
         | "you will be the one blamed" feels to me to cover 95% of what
         | software ethics claims to.
        
         | jakub_g wrote:
         | Of course they won't straight admit they've been screwing their
         | customers, so they need a bullshit excuse.
         | 
         | It doesn't make any sense either: "falling victim to
         | cybercriminals" who entered GPS coordinates of all competitors
         | in the code, to make _competitors-repaired only_ trains down -
         | sounds legit! That 's _exactly_ what cybercriminals do!
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | Hey, but what about that *physical* undocumented module that
         | allowed to control the train?
         | 
         | Aint it at least the proof of something shady?
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       | original news story discussion just over a week ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38530885
       | 
       | And the followup from the company
       | 
       |  _Polish train maker denies claims its software bricked
       | competitor rolling stock_
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38570654
       | 
       | More late quality from 404
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Macroexpanded:
         | 
         |  _Polish train maker denies claims its software bricked
         | competitor rolling stock_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38570654 - Dec 2023 (2
         | comments)
         | 
         |  _Dieselgate, but for trains - some heavyweight hardware
         | hacking_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38567687 - Dec
         | 2023 (289 comments)
         | 
         |  _Polish trains lock up when serviced in third-party workshops_
         | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38530885 - Dec 2023 (357
         | comments)
         | 
         | I think there may have been others?
        
       | Guvante wrote:
       | I will say my takeaway from this story is manufacturers screwing
       | over their users to make more money isn't a "you are too small to
       | fight back problem" but unmitigated greed.
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | From the articles in relevant media, I gather they have got
       | themselves a very good attorney. There's a possibility Newag
       | might be in hot water, because sabotaging trains like this smells
       | of criminal offense. Which is why they huff, puff, and try to
       | employ scare tactics.
        
       | hot_gril wrote:
       | I'm fine if DRM cuts both ways. Manufacturer is free to try
       | locking things down as long as that's disclosed, I'm free to
       | tamper with something I own. They own the trains.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | DRM is not merely a technological issue; it's a legal one as
         | well.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | Yes, by "free to" I mean it's legal to.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | It's only DRM if it's from the Article 11 region of the
             | WIPO Copyright Treaty; otherwise, it's just sparkling
             | obfuscation.
             | 
             | > Contracting Parties shall provide adequate legal
             | protection and effective legal remedies against the
             | circumvention of effective technological measures that are
             | used by authors in connection with the exercise of their
             | rights under this Treaty or the Berne Convention and that
             | restrict acts, in respect of their works, which are not
             | authorized by the authors concerned or permitted by law.
             | 
             | (DRM's a silly name, anyway; it should be called
             | "technological measures" or "technological protection
             | measures" or something.)
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | I think it's meant as a derogatory term cause people hate
               | DRM. Like, I don't feel entitled to pirate movies, but
               | plenty of times DRM has gotten in the way of legally
               | watching movies I paid for.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Digital Restrictions Management is a backronym
               | popularised by the EFF, but DRM is the actual legal term
               | used in the US, and doesn't necessarily carry a
               | derogatory meaning.
        
               | chankstein38 wrote:
               | I don't know, I've never happily acknowledged the
               | existence of DRM. I'm from the US and, as far as I can
               | tell, I and people in my periphery see it as a negative
               | and use it as basically "This f-ing DRM is always
               | preventing me from watching my movies in 4K even though I
               | paid for 4K" kinds of situations
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | I used to never curse. Apple TV HDCP DRM was the first
               | time.
        
               | rnk wrote:
               | I disagree, DRM actually is seen as an extremely negative
               | thing. Perhaps people who work to create DRM don't think
               | it's a negative but saying someone's work is DRM is
               | actually a pejorative statement.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | taking my BMW to the shop to do a DRM delete
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | In this particular case though, railway companies are usually
           | part of the government which enacts and enforces those laws.
        
             | hot_gril wrote:
             | Right, they should just not purchase DRM'd trains. We're
             | not hearing the part of the story where someone made that
             | bad decision.
        
               | grishka wrote:
               | That, too. Independent repairability should've been part
               | of the requirements in the purchase contract.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | I'm not actually ok with companies using DRM to brick public
         | infrastructure.
         | 
         | The manufacturer should be put out of business.
        
           | e2le wrote:
           | Trains are critical infrastructure. Intentionally introducing
           | vulnerabilities deserves the corporate death penalty and
           | prison time for those involved. Best make an example out of
           | them, lest the others get ideas.
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | If they really wanted to, they could certainly pursue
             | criminal charges for sabotaging rail infrastructure.
             | Possibly even capital charges.
        
       | SenAnder wrote:
       | Holding the railway system hostage should make even the most
       | short-sighted realize that DRM is an assault on national
       | sovereignty.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Jailbreaking your train should be legally protected, but I don't
       | know anything about Polish circumvention laws.
        
       | zogrodea wrote:
       | "During the height of the pandemic, I wrote an article about how
       | a Polish hacker had developed a dongle that was being used by
       | American repair professionals to bypass DRM on ventilators needed
       | to keep COVID-19 patients alive."
       | 
       | That's extremely evil. I'm not emotionally invested in right-to-
       | repair like many others here are, but it's corrupt that DRM is
       | causing/has caused difficulty in operating things necessary for
       | people's survival. Shame on these companies.
       | 
       | Those who want to convince others of right-to-repair should point
       | to cases like this because it's the #1 thing that makes me want
       | to rally behind it too.
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | Am I correctly reading your implication that, although this is
         | a strong point in favor of the right-to-repair movement, you
         | remain personally unconvinced in it as a whole? If so, what's
         | holding you back from being fully convinced?
        
           | zogrodea wrote:
           | I think it would be good for society if right-to-repair laws
           | were passed but I just feel indifferent towards the topic and
           | would rather spand time and energy caring about something
           | that I feel (to me personally) is more important.
        
       | t0bia_s wrote:
       | While I understand DRM problem, there should be concerns about
       | safety indeed. Unauthorized access to operating system of public
       | transport could be abused in many bad ways.
        
         | jeremyjh wrote:
         | There is no unauthorized access when the owner of a train hires
         | a company to service it.
        
           | t0bia_s wrote:
           | If they bought it with knowing about DRM and they sign
           | contract about it, it's technically "unauthorized".
           | 
           | Why buying DRM things in first place?
        
             | SSLy wrote:
             | > _If they bought it with knowing about DRM a_
             | 
             | well, they didn't. No single word in manual about that.
             | Also the locks are illegal vs. EU wide regulation about
             | train maintenance.
        
               | t0bia_s wrote:
               | Then they should sue manufacturer for hiding technical
               | details.
        
             | ozim wrote:
             | Trains did not have DRM in sticker price.
             | 
             | Companies bought trains with ,,full technical documentation
             | and service instructions" - I put it in quotes because all
             | the locks and ,,DRM" stuff was undocumented and producer is
             | claiming they never put anything like that in the first
             | place.
        
       | TomaszZielinski wrote:
       | Here's a direct link to the article with Dragon Sector answers to
       | Newag's statement:
       | 
       | https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/hakerzy-odpowiadaja...
       | 
       | Fasten your seatbeats, it seems there's a lot more details this
       | time. For instance, the say they have a before/after Newag
       | service diff of the firmware, and there are interesting changes
       | there.
       | 
       | If that's true, then the "rogue hackers" must be sprinkled inside
       | Newag :).
        
       | tomaszs wrote:
       | The issue is complicated. So far there's no proof for Newag
       | involvement. It's very different to how security researchers
       | publish their results. All is based on hearsay.
        
       | sim7c00 wrote:
       | i think people should be allowed to tinker with stuff. why not.
       | it is ok to.memif.that voids the warranty tho. fair enough.
       | 
       | its a bit funny in.this case the company first claims.it doesnt
       | brick stuff, and subsequently threatens these guys.. did they lie
       | first? that seems bordering criminal for a company to do... just
       | admit it :/. 'yes we drm our crap and brick stuff with anti
       | tamper detections'. how hard is it...
       | 
       | hope dragon sector doesnt get into trouble, they do amazing work!
        
       | tester756 wrote:
       | Gynvael Coldwind - one of the guys from Dragon Sector (but
       | probably not a member of the team that hacked those trains)
       | 
       | wrote an article about why company's line of defence that
       | malicious code could be injected is flawed
       | 
       | https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/?id=777
       | 
       | It is mostly about reverse engineering, compilation process, how
       | thing are laid out in the final binary -.text, .data sections,
       | offsets and stuff like
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_cave
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooking
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | I hate the article is using DRM as explanation. It has nothing to
       | do with DRM or anything with preventing software from being
       | tampered with.
       | 
       | It was parts of software included by producer to make 3rd party
       | shops look incapable of servicing. Placed there in a sneaky way.
       | 
       | DRM makes it look like official documented tampering prevention -
       | article itself is good. Use of DRM in title and in article is
       | just wrong.
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-13 23:01 UTC)