[HN Gopher] What will enter the public domain in 2024?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What will enter the public domain in 2024?
        
       Author : WallyFunk
       Score  : 224 points
       Date   : 2023-12-12 19:03 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (publicdomainreview.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (publicdomainreview.org)
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | Corridor Crew plans something with Mickey Mouse on January 1st.
        
         | codetrotter wrote:
         | Let's conspire to make sure that said video gets upvoted to the
         | top. (It's not vote manipulation, because I have no relation to
         | corridor crew.)
         | 
         | A gentleman's agreement, if you will.
        
       | yk wrote:
       | The mouse via Steamboat Willie is scheduled to enter public
       | domain? Guess we can look forward to quite eventful three weeks
       | before the end of the year, while Disney is frantically trying to
       | prevent that outcome.
        
         | nickthegreek wrote:
         | They wont. Corridor Crew did a good little video on this topic.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2dIvUAd5QE
        
         | sp0rk wrote:
         | It's my understanding that they still retain a lot of control
         | over Mickey Mouse indefinitely because he is trademarked as the
         | face of their company.
        
           | mod50ack wrote:
           | There's a distinction between trademark and copyright, and
           | the ability to imply a Disney source and to include Mickey in
           | your work are not controlled in the same way. Using the 1928
           | Mouse in your work while making it clear your work doesn't
           | originate with Disney wouldn't violate trademark law.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | that would first of all take a lot of work to make it
             | absolutely clear, a lot of work to use the mouse, and
             | finally a lot of work to fight the lawsuits until it was
             | established that you didn't violate and could do what you
             | were doing.
             | 
             | In short nobody but a crazy person or someone with a real
             | deep artistic need that absolutely required that version of
             | Mickey to work would ever pursue it.
        
               | resolutebat wrote:
               | It took one year from Winnie the Pooh entering the public
               | domain to this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie-the-
               | Pooh:_Blood_and_Hon...
               | 
               | And AFAIK they were not sued, despite being ever so
               | slightly off brand for Disney.
        
               | bazoom42 wrote:
               | Plenty of Disney characters like Snow White or Cinderella
               | have been public domain all the time without it hurting
               | Disney.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | That's almost the most infuriating thing about their
           | copyright grabs; it hardly even gets them anything of
           | interest. They're not making any money on the actual
           | Steamboat Willie movie. We're still a ways away from anything
           | of even modest commercial interest from Disney entering the
           | public domain, and even when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
           | does finally come into public domain, I can't imagine it
           | meaningfully affects their bottom line. The ability to roll
           | into a store and just buy it isn't going to meaningfully
           | affect Disney. Meanwhile, they still have all the trademark
           | control, which itself means you can't really do anything to
           | Steamboat Willie that would "offend" Disney. (I'm going to
           | just leave that vague for now.)
           | 
           | Meanwhile, to keep this at-best modestly interesting
           | historical film locked up for those last few marginal drops
           | of IP, they've kept the entire rest of the culture locked up.
           | Hell of a cost society pays just for that. I'd almost rather
           | we just grant Disney copyright in perpetuity if it would shut
           | them up and leave the rest of the culture alone.
        
             | coldpie wrote:
             | > Meanwhile, to keep this at-best modestly interesting
             | historical film locked up
             | 
             | Well, it's not _just_ the film, it 's also everything in
             | it, including (that design of) the characters themselves.
             | When that enters the public domain, anyone can use (that
             | design of) those characters for any purpose, including in
             | their own works that have nothing to do with the Steamboat
             | film. I can go make a platforming video game ala Cuphead
             | using those characters and sell it. While I think that's a
             | good thing for society, you can probably understand why
             | Disney doesn't.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Those characters are trademarked, and Disney has a good
               | case that they are still using those trademarks.
               | Trademark is different from copyright - it doesn't
               | expire, but also has more use it or lose it parts, along
               | with defend it or lose it. Disney is doing both with most
               | of the characters so if you try to use Micky mouse in
               | anything you are likely to lose a lawsuit.
               | 
               | Consult a lawyer for exact details. there are things you
               | can do with the characters after this expires, but the
               | rules are very complex and I don't really understand
               | them.
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | I would be unsurprised Disney has skeletal outlines of
               | lawsuits in place already asserting that uses of Mickey
               | Mouse from Steamboat Willie in an unrelated video game or
               | something violates their trademark, and are just waiting
               | to fill in the blank for the first person audacious
               | enough to do it.
               | 
               | I kind of expect them to win that. But maybe they won't.
               | Still, I wouldn't touch Mickey with anything less than
               | the metaphorical ten foot pole and a really, really
               | solidly constructed LLC or other corporate structure
               | isolating it from any other asset I care about.
               | 
               | Note I am limiting this to just things they have clear
               | trademark to. Grab the steamboat itself and do as you
               | like. The soundtrack will be up for grabs. But I wouldn't
               | expect to be able to defend myself in a _trademark_ suit
               | with the claim that the Mickey Mouse I used is not
               | _copyrighted_ ; I expect the counterargument will
               | basically "Yeah, but who cares? This is a trademark
               | lawsuit".
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | > violates their trademark
               | 
               | Okay, yeah that's fair. Thinking strictly about
               | copyright, I think what I said is true, but you're right
               | there's other IP law at play here.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > even when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs does finally
             | come into public domain, I can't imagine it meaningfully
             | affects their bottom line.
             | 
             | Given that Disney is infamous for its practice of
             | rereleasing its older films periodically and otherwise
             | making them completely unavailable (the "Disney Vault"), it
             | seems that they have a business model which is fully
             | predicated on copyright exclusivity.
        
         | jader201 wrote:
         | > _It was close to entering the public domain in the U.S.
         | several times: each time, copyright protection was extended. It
         | could have entered the public domain in four different years:
         | first in 1955, renewed to 1986, then to 2003 by the Copyright
         | Act of 1976, and then to 2023 by the Copyright Term Extension
         | Act (also known pejoratively as the "Mickey Mouse Protection
         | Act") of 1998. It has been claimed that these extensions were a
         | response by Congress to extensive lobbying by The Walt Disney
         | Company._
        
           | disneycember wrote:
           | So now we can begin to undo all the damage Disney has done by
           | extending copyright beyond any reasonable timeframe, right?
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | This undos nothing. We just limit damage to what has
             | already been done for this one film. there are other things
             | still in copyright that wouldn't have been, and that damage
             | is still being done, and will until that copyright expires.
        
         | kevinmchugh wrote:
         | It's been obvious for a few years that Disney wasn't going to
         | pursue extending copyright anymore. It would have been
         | politically difficult at any point in the last few years as the
         | Senate does so little.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | More importantly, those who care about the public domain were
           | not paying attention the last time. They are now, so Disney
           | realizes that it will be a harder sell. As soon as they get
           | someone to propose a laws letters will be written. There is
           | one thing more powerful than money in politics and that is
           | votes. Letters to congress are a proxy for votes and so
           | nobody will risk another extension.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | The timelessness of those old cartoons has waned
           | considerably. GenX was already getting reruns of Disney and
           | Looney Tunes cartoons that were aimed at Boomers. As the
           | boomers are aging out, a lot of the slices of both domestic
           | life and leisure time in these cartoons are something alien.
           | Women in the kitchen? Hunting rabbits? And with a shotgun?
           | Really?
           | 
           | Itchy and Scratchy are Tom and Jerry ad absurdum. The
           | Flintstones were somewhere between Tom and Jerry and The
           | Honeymooners. Most of this stuff does not deserve a replay.
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | Neither of those things are alien. A world exists outside
             | of whatever metropolis you think is the center of the
             | universe. Millions and millions of people hunt and millions
             | and millions of women are primary caretakers or stay at
             | home moms.
        
             | ahi wrote:
             | I recently attended a 90 minute marathon of those old
             | cartoons. At least those 90 minutes absolutely hold up.
             | Quite a few of them had themes that sailed right over your
             | (and my) head when we watched them as kids. e.g. What's
             | Opera, Doc? and Rabbit of Seville
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | In general, I appreciated the Warner Brothers (vs. Hanna
               | Barbera etc.) cartoons much more after I got a bit older
               | than when I was a young kid.
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | Not to mention that Disney has run afoul of both parties a
           | handful of times over the last decade, so it's a challenge to
           | find support on either side.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | To expand on this point a bit, Ars Technica has some articles
           | on the copyright extension saga. In 2019, when works started
           | going into the public domain again in the US, they published
           | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/01/a-whole-years-
           | wo... in 2018, they published https://arstechnica.com/tech-
           | policy/2018/01/hollywood-says-i... which had interviews
           | saying that there were no plans for another copyright
           | extension term push.
           | 
           | Of course, both times, comments were pretty incredulous that
           | Disney would prevent Steamboat Willie from going public
           | domain. And now we're 3 weeks from that happening, and 1 week
           | from the US House planning to go on recess, and there's no
           | sign of any bill that would extend copyright further. People
           | who pay attention will note that Disney has seemed to prepare
           | for Steamboat Willie going public domain: part of the short
           | now appears as part of their film logo in movies, presumably
           | to enable them to claim it as trademark and sue anyone who
           | tries to upload it into oblivion. Nevertheless, I fully
           | expect quite a few people to do stuff like upload Steamboat
           | Willie to Youtube in January, and it will be interesting to
           | see what the response of that is.
        
             | jjulius wrote:
             | Where it also gets tricky is the creation of additional
             | Steamboat Willie content - if you want to create and
             | publish new Steamboat Willie stuff, you'll have to be
             | crystal clear that it's not coming from Disney. If it looks
             | like it's coming from Disney, that's when they can step in.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | Legally speaking, they have a right to distribute copies.
               | But Youtube isn't required to accept it though, and their
               | copyright claim system is already somewhat notorious for
               | the degree to which non-copyright owners to try to strike
               | down videos for claimed copyright infringement.
               | 
               | Steamboat Willie is probably the single most famous work
               | to fall into the public domain since Youtube started. It
               | is (formerly) owned by one of the most famously
               | aggressive company in protecting IP. Youtube itself is
               | also owned by an entity that is on the other side of IP
               | law than Disney, but definitely far less aggressive in
               | pushing those claims.
        
               | kevinmchugh wrote:
               | You have to make pains to not look like you're
               | representing yourself as Disney, _and_ you can't step on
               | anything Disney did in later Mickey cartoons
        
               | avar wrote:
               | Sure you can. You just can't infringe subsequent
               | copyrighted works.
               | 
               | But if there's an episode where that character goes to
               | space or whatever your derivative work can do that too.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | Hmmm, is the term "Mickey Mouse" trademarked?
               | 
               | As in, would a new name be needed for any new "Mickey
               | Mouse" animation created using the old Steamboat Willie
               | (mouse) character?
        
         | TonyTrapp wrote:
         | They probably realized by now there is not much value left in
         | that old version of Mickey. It's the newer self of Mickey
         | (different looks and character) that brings in the money, but
         | even that is becoming less relevant these days, I think? That's
         | why they have bought so much IP which appeals to more people
         | than Mickey Mouse.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Someone pointed out to me that Winnie the Pooh brings in more
           | money than Mickey, and his copyright is just about the same
           | timeframe. Everyone assumes The Mouse is what Disney is
           | shitting bricks over and it's just as likely it's the silly
           | ol' bear instead.
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | Hmm I'm not sure - that might be true for movies but is it
             | true for merch?
             | 
             | Think of all the Mickey ears that get sold at the parks.
             | Either way there is a boatload of Mickey related revenue
             | still...
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Disney doesn't need to rely on IP protection to maintain
               | a hand in merch sales in their own parks.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I don't have the link anymore but at the time I was sent
               | to a breakdown that was above $5B for all Winnie, and
               | around 4 for Mickey and friends.
               | 
               | Obviously not nothing, and the fact they are close
               | together doesn't give Disney a ramp down once PD starts
               | affecting them.
        
             | KerrAvon wrote:
             | Pooh as a concept is already in the public domain. Disney's
             | rendition of Pooh doesn't happen until I think sometime in
             | the 1960's, so it'll be a while.
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | https://lukemcgarry.com/product/pooh-in-the-public-
               | domain-pr...
        
           | crooked-v wrote:
           | There's actually a an ongoing run of pretty funny cartoons
           | [1] using the old designs and characterization elements,
           | though with a strong streak of more modern absurdist humor.
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_World_of_M
           | icke...
        
           | kgwxd wrote:
           | Since having my first kid 15 years ago, I haven't meet a
           | single kid that cares about Mickey in the slightest. Their
           | parents sometimes shove it in their face but you can tell
           | they don't care as much about it as something newer.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | What would happen in practice if someone tried to use the
         | public domain Mickey for something? I assume that regardless of
         | the legal status, you'd still have a fun time with Disney
         | lawyers proving in court that you had the right to use public
         | domain Mickey.
         | 
         | Is Mickey also a trademark (which never expires) and anything
         | using public domain Mickey would be too similar to their
         | trademark?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Yeah Mickey is a trademark. Now I could remake Steamboat
           | Willy with characters that weren't trademarked. Previously I
           | could not depict either without getting sued.
        
         | SirMaster wrote:
         | Disney spent the last decade or so growing their business
         | (through large acquisitions) to where Mickey is now just small
         | fraction of their worth. So they likely don't really care
         | anymore.
         | 
         | Plus it's only the old, old design of Mickey, not the current
         | version they have been using for awhile that looks more normal
         | to most people these days.
        
           | gostsamo wrote:
           | They trademarked everything they could about him, so it is
           | still a valuable part of the portfolio.
        
           | ssgodderidge wrote:
           | While Mickey may represent a small portion of revenue, it
           | (he?) accounts for a large portion of the Disney brand. It's
           | one of the most recognizable cartoons of all time
        
             | libraryatnight wrote:
             | When I was a kid Mickey had transcended movie character, he
             | was like the Santa of the Disney world. the M.C. The spirit
             | of Walt in some ways. I think I'd seen maybe one special or
             | fantasia with him actually starring, and even that was
             | after I knew him. My nephews have seen less of him and yet
             | he's still something of a magic benevolent being to them.
             | 
             | He represents so much more than a character, I think in a
             | time when they're expanding portfolios they NEED to keep
             | Mickey to stay Disney if they want to - and imo they should
             | want to.
        
           | furyofantares wrote:
           | I was shocked to learn my 7yo daughter associates Disney with
           | Mickey and Minnie.
           | 
           | She's watched like one Mickey cartoon on Disney+, and she's
           | seen way more Disney stuff than that. Never been to
           | Disneyland.
           | 
           | But somehow to her, Disney === Mickey/Minnie. Branding is
           | wild stuff.
        
             | jl6 wrote:
             | Mickey's silhouette is still used in various Disney logos,
             | so it's not too wild a connection to make.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | (It's the ears.)
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | Grew up in the 90s and Mickey was not a significant
             | character in their movies that decade and the old Mickey
             | cartoons were rarely shown. Mario became more famous than
             | Mickey by then, but the mouse logo is ubiquitous, and most
             | people had at least seen Fantasia or clips of the old
             | cartoons.
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | It's the ads.
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/search?q=disney&tbm=isch
        
             | Popeyes wrote:
             | Mickey Mouse clubhouse? Lots of Disney branding still has
             | him. Just asked my 6yr old who the most famous Disney
             | Character is.
        
           | 98codes wrote:
           | > So they likely don't really care anymore.
           | 
           | I don't think that's possible.
        
           | lazycouchpotato wrote:
           | There's a video by Corridor Crew that goes over exactly what
           | you mentioned.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/u2dIvUAd5QE
        
             | SirMaster wrote:
             | Yeah, What I wrote came from that really. I should have
             | mentioned it.
             | 
             | I mean it's a compelling breakdown IMO.
        
           | glimshe wrote:
           | And that's exactly why long copyrights stifle innovation and
           | encourage rent seeking and stagnation. As soon as they saw
           | the deadline approaching, they started creating new content
           | (which arguably hasn't been that good, but that's another
           | problem)
        
         | wonger_ wrote:
         | The MSCHF art collective had a project a few years ago based on
         | this public domain timing: https://mschfxfamousmouse.com/
         | 
         | > We are making and selling the idea of a MSCHF "Famous Mouse"
         | artwork now, that will not exist-even as a design-until 2024.
         | If you purchase this artwork, we give you a temporary token
         | with a unique code that can be redeemed for the actual piece in
         | 3 years.
        
       | qwertthrowway wrote:
       | If something is in the public domain, is it still accessible for
       | copying or can companies still profit off of selling public
       | domain material? For example, if I "pirate" a public domain text
       | published by some company, am I in the wrong?
        
         | mod50ack wrote:
         | You can sell public domain materials all you want. And whenever
         | anyone else copies stuff in the public domain, even if they
         | copy it from your copy, they're not infringing copyright.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | But be careful as when someone publishes something public
           | domain they often have things that are not public domain in
           | their version. They can "fix" errors, add artwork,
           | introductions and so on.
        
         | joshlemer wrote:
         | IANAL but my understanding is that public domain material can
         | be published in a copyright protected form, yes. For instance,
         | Beethoven's 5th symphony is in the public domain, but if a
         | publisher starts selling the sheet music for it, then that
         | content itself is still protected. So any contributions they've
         | made such as annotations or formatting, cover art, etc are
         | protected but the underlying content is not.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Yeah, I understand that Dover books might have a copyright
           | on, say, _Moby Dick_ but it 's on the forward that they
           | tackled on to Melville's prose, not the story.
        
         | 5636588 wrote:
         | I had a similar question before reading Moby Dick. I noticed it
         | was being sold online, although inexpensive, which made me
         | wonder. It turned out the English text is in the public domain,
         | and anyone can profit from it. So, why did the publisher charge
         | for it? I wanted to read it in my native language, Polish, and
         | the translation was not in the public domain. Additionally, I
         | wanted to easily upload it to my Kindle, so I also paid for
         | convenience. I know this not fully answers your question, but
         | wanted to share my experience.
        
           | edgarvaldes wrote:
           | >why did the publisher charge for it?
           | 
           | Why not. Easy money.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Very good question! Not an IP lawyer, but I believe the gist of
         | it you may copy the original work, but not any sufficiently
         | transformative derivative work, as that would gain its own
         | copyright. So you could copy the text of a public domain book
         | and re-publish it yourself, yes. You could also sell your
         | copies for $10/ea, just like the publisher you're copying from
         | is doing, or give them away for free, or whatever you like.
         | 
         | The tricky bit is what its "sufficiently transformative" to
         | gets its own copyright. Probably simply text printed in a book
         | is not, so I think you'd be OK scanning and distributing such a
         | book. But if the publisher added new footnotes or illustrations
         | or cover art or a forward, etc, that would still be covered
         | under its own copyright and you would have to remove them. And
         | I could see an argument that a certain printing style (maybe a
         | choice in font or page layout?) could be transformative, but I
         | think that starts to be quite a stretch.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | IANAL but I'm told that Feist is probably the relevant US
           | Supreme Court decision. Just because you went to a lot of
           | trouble ("sweat of the brow") to format a book probably
           | doesn't give you a safe copyright--although extensive
           | annotations, illustrations, etc. probably would.
        
         | mminer237 wrote:
         | I'm not your lawyer, but if the text is public domain, you can
         | do whatever you want with it. You should be able to walk into a
         | book store, take a photo of every page of Sherlock Holmes, post
         | it on Facebook, and be good legally. You can legally download
         | scans of Jane Austen novels published by Penguin last year.
         | 
         | A publisher would only have a copyrightable claim in their
         | original creative works. So the cover art, the foreword, etc.
         | This would also include e-books, as the specific code for that
         | would be copyrightable illegal to download. Only the words
         | themselves would be free, so you would need someone to create a
         | gratis file therefrom for you.
        
       | dry_soup wrote:
       | So the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, who died in 1973, will enter the
       | public domain in New Zealand (and other countries) next year? Or
       | do they not, as he presumably published his works in the UK? Or
       | they enter the public domain in New Zealand et al. but not in
       | other countries?
        
         | mod50ack wrote:
         | In Life+50 countries, they'll enter the public domain. In the
         | UK and other Life+70 countries, they won't.
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | So can they host the Gutenberg project in NZ then? There is
           | no feasible way for people to prevent people from downloading
           | the hobbit. They couldn't stop music or movie downloads
           | except by adopting a subscription model that effectively
           | reduced the prices. These files are tiny and the ethical case
           | against it is so much harder to make.
           | 
           | Edit: also, these are the sorts of books that don't get
           | lumped into subscriptions and are often missing from digital
           | libraries.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > So can they host the Gutenberg project in NZ then?
             | 
             | There is already an Australian branch of Project Gutenberg,
             | which hosts some works which (for complex/obscure legal
             | reasons) are still under copyright in the US but now public
             | domain in Australia (e.g. the works of George Orwell). I
             | don't think there is a New Zealand equivalent, but I'm sure
             | if someone was sufficiently motivated it could happen
             | 
             | https://gutenberg.net.au/
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | What would be the New Zealand connection of Tolkien (other than
         | the peter jackson movies)?
        
           | mod50ack wrote:
           | There's none. But the validity of a copyright of a work is
           | dependent on the place in which you're applying the law, not
           | on the place where the author is from (except when applying
           | the rule of the shorter term).
           | 
           | Tons of works are in the public domain in one country, but
           | not another.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | The oldest still in effect copyright I know of is from
             | 1611: the King James translation of the bible is still
             | copyright of the crown in the UK. No other country
             | recognizes that copyright.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | So I can get a King James Bible easy peasy pretty much
               | anywhere in the world except in James' home country.
               | 
               | High larious.
        
               | metalliqaz wrote:
               | Of course it is also easy to find in UK.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | But is it legal to post the full text online without
               | paying anything to the Crown?
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | Pay, yes; permission, no; it is a mandatory licence,
               | unlike many state royalty subjects.
        
               | mod50ack wrote:
               | The KJV is protected in the UK by Royal Prerogative
               | rather than by copyright law. The KJV rights are actually
               | _older_ than copyright in the UK.
               | 
               | A number of countries have copyright restrictions on
               | things of national significance, etc., however, and then
               | there's the concept of domaine public payant.
        
               | avar wrote:
               | > The oldest still in effect copyright I know of is from
               | 1611.
               | 
               | I can beat that by over 4000 years.
               | 
               | As far as Icelandic copyright law is concerned the
               | copyright on the Diary of Merer[1], written 4500 years
               | ago, will be held by Pierre Tallet until 2039.
               | 
               | This is because the copyright is defined as being created
               | when the work is made available for sale, loaning out
               | etc. to the public.
               | 
               | If you discover a previously unpublished work that's not
               | protected by copyright you get to enjoy 25 years of
               | copyright protection, i.e. the copyright is assigned to
               | the person who discovered and published the work.
               | 
               | I only have a source in Icelandic, it's article 44 of the
               | copyright act [2].
               | 
               | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_Merer
               | 
               | 2. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1972073.html
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | It's just an English speaking country with a largish
           | population and a more traditional copyright law.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Presumably the films, which were famously all shot there.
        
           | morepork wrote:
           | Somewhat tenuous, but Tolkien was taught Old English at
           | Oxford by a New Zealander, Kenneth Sisam[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Sisam
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Will software become "public domain" over time?
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | Yes. In the US this happens 95 years after the initial creation
         | of the software. Many other countries match this time period.
         | Other countries may recognize a shorter copyright, but I
         | believe no country will recognize a longer one.
        
           | zare_st wrote:
           | What exactly happens in 2100 when AutoCAD 2005 goes "public
           | domain" but the company does not need to provide the source
           | code, there is no licensing server available, dongle support,
           | whatnot. Also the company still retains the AutoCAD trademark
           | so you cannot legally distribute modified copies of 2005 if
           | they still contain AutoCAD/Autodesk branding in them.
           | 
           | That's for 2005. For today's software that depend on
           | connectivity, nobody gets anything if the clients are pushed
           | to public domain. You still lack the entire infrastructure.
           | The server code is not a product, its a service implemented
           | by the proprietor, that's beyond this law.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | Yes, the foundation of all software licensing is copyright law
         | and as such all such licensing becomes null and void once it is
         | in the public domain.
         | 
         | However, given that the copyright horizon is only up to 1928 in
         | the US, you've got a ways to go before that is even
         | theoretically a concern.
         | 
         | There was a window of time in which works had to be registered
         | to have a copyright, which is where some of the later
         | surprisingly-public-domain works come from, when the
         | registration wasn't done or wasn't renewed properly. It's
         | possible that some software in that era could be unregistered.
         | However, I'm having a bit of trouble finding a good term for
         | that era and so I can't quite look it up to see if it overlaps
         | a period of time in which software might exist. Any help
         | appreciated from respondants.
         | 
         | Of course, for that to even matter, someone has to have a copy
         | of the software to actually put into the public, and software
         | utility without hardware to run it is pretty limited.
        
         | zare_st wrote:
         | That's what abandonware was all about. If you don't support or
         | sell the software any more, it becomes public domain.
         | 
         | But it was a idealistic view not accounting for the future.
         | Today you can run virtualized anything anywhere. The software
         | companies can claim 80s software still being usable because
         | they can deploy it that way.
         | 
         | We considered that console game ROMs will become public domain
         | because once the console lifecycle is over, no original
         | proprietor earns a dime. It's all 2nd hand sales from there on.
         | But, today you run these via their virtual console products and
         | they still make money off them, so public domain is off limits.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | > That's what abandonware was all about. If you don't support
           | or sell the software any more, it becomes public domain.
           | 
           | In what jurisdiction? Definitely not the US or any of its
           | major economic partners, at least.
        
             | zare_st wrote:
             | In no jurisdiction, it was the motto behind abandonware
             | movement.
             | 
             | All of laws, this one, IP laws, everything concerning
             | software is far too simplistic.
             | 
             | Tho if you want to dance in the grey zone, universally I
             | think it's worthless for a company to sue you when they can
             | claim no damages. This is why old software piracy sites
             | exist by a shovel. If site owner and hosting doesn't care
             | about cease and desist letters and just routes them to
             | spam, the lawyers sending them know they cannot actually
             | mount a case. Else they have to explain how $0 of projected
             | damages is worth court's time.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Yes, but odds are you won't live long enough to see anything
         | useful. Mel's blackjack program
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Story_of_Mel from the 1950s
         | might escape before you die (depending on how old you are), but
         | it strongly depends on the specific architecture of a computer
         | and so isn't useful.
         | 
         | There is probably a lot of software from then that isn't
         | copyright. Back then you had to register copyright or you
         | didn't have it - often that wouldn't have been done. Then you
         | had to re-register the copyright, which given the software
         | wasn't in use anymore wouldn't have been done. Both of these
         | factors do not apply to modern software (at least not in most
         | countries)
        
       | aworks wrote:
       | "The Passion of Joan of Arc directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer"
       | 
       | As old, silent films go, this is quite good.
       | 
       | In the past, this might mean a cheap DVD release. Not sure the
       | signficance of public domain for movies these days.
        
         | peruvian wrote:
         | This film already has a 2K release by Criterion
         | (vhttps://www.criterion.com/films/228-the-passion-of-joan-
         | of-a...), probably other publishers. It gets show in theaters
         | in some cities at least once a year.
         | 
         | I think for films, the restoration/HD prints will still belong
         | to someone, and that's what people are interested in nowadays
         | anyway.
        
         | wharvle wrote:
         | Piling on with more social proof for anyone browsing this
         | thread for recommendations: I've seen 50ish non-comedy silent
         | films, all reputedly-very-good ones, and this _might_ be my
         | favorite. Top 5, no question, likely top 3, and I'd have to
         | think about it and maybe do some re-watches, but possibly #1.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related 3 days ago:
       | 
       |  _Public Domain Day 2024 Is Coming: Here 's What to Know_
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38586978
        
       | sirodoht wrote:
       | What if we didn't wait for things to enter the public domain but
       | instead they were born right into it?
       | 
       | I have started a book publishing company that publishes new,
       | public domain books only:
       | 
       | https://laniakeabooks.org/
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | How do authors make a living by giving away all their work for
         | free?
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | A book in the public domain can be sold, so probably by
           | selling books. Or other jobs. This seems really interesting
           | to me as someone who does not write books full time.
        
             | knome wrote:
             | They established early copyright because publishers would
             | just print copies of books and never pay the authors at
             | all. The middlemen aren't going to do it voluntarily, and
             | if they do, they'll be undercut by those that don't.
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | Authors can sell their own books even if someone else
               | publishes it. Especially if it's published into the
               | public domain.
        
               | midasuni wrote:
               | And someone else can take the content and print it and
               | sell it themselves
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | Wouldn't that be neat :-)
        
               | m1sta_ wrote:
               | not if they sell or exclusively license the copyright to
               | someone else.
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | Which is not the case for books in the public domain.
        
           | numbsafari wrote:
           | The last chapter requires an enterprise license.
        
             | sonicanatidae wrote:
             | Hi!
             | 
             | I found a typo, I suspect you meant, enterprise
             | _subscription_.
        
           | whycome wrote:
           | How much do you want for that comment?
           | 
           | Someone who spends years perfecting a recipe has no similar
           | protections, yet they've certainly done work. Their options
           | for making money off of it comes from maybe associated works,
           | or a restaurant, or hiding the recipe. Maybe authors will
           | have to read works out loud? Create different types of value
           | in a world where we will have AI generating stories en masse?
        
             | 4death4 wrote:
             | The recipe itself isn't protected by copyright but the rest
             | of a cookbook is. E.g. their writings about the recipe and
             | the photography. Usage of one's likeness is also subject to
             | protection. E.g. you can't market a cookbook on Amazon as
             | Ina Garten's Barefoot Contessa even if the contents of the
             | book are exactly her recipes. I don't think it's a good
             | analogy.
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | I mean that's exactly my point -- one needs to find other
               | ways to "making a living" from the work done within the
               | framework of laws which may or may not appreciate or have
               | the means to protect ones work.
        
             | Buttons840 wrote:
             | They're not making a living from that comment, and they are
             | worried that authors will not be able to make a living from
             | their writings.
             | 
             | Taking a big step back, I guess that question is: Do we
             | value people who write enough that we want some full time
             | writers? We can then structure our society accordingly.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | There plenty of idle people who can afford to give away
               | their book length writings for free, probably millions in
               | fact.
               | 
               | And some fraction of them do, some fraction add an
               | optional donation prompt, etc...
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | Books of recipes are copyrightable though. You can use a
             | recipe, but you can't just copy the book and sell it as
             | your own. What you can't copyright is a simple set of
             | instructions, which is what a recipe is.
             | 
             | Not sure where you get the idea that comments can't be
             | copyrighted. As far as I know, if they are original works
             | of authorship in a tangible medium, and you don't agree to
             | waive that right in the terms of service, you own the
             | copyright. In other words, the usual tests of whether
             | something can be copyrighted.
             | 
             | In any case, comparing comments, recipes, and books as
             | though they were the same thing doesn't make sense to me.
             | I'd like to hear the ways in which they are equivalent, and
             | why authors of novels should be stripped of their current
             | right to claim the sole right to make copies of their own
             | work.
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | > Not sure where you get the idea that comments can't be
               | copyrighted.
               | 
               | Hm? I'm just pointing out that all kinds of content
               | creation occurs and they have different types of value. I
               | absolutely think a comment has value and could be
               | copyrighted. But, for certain types of creation that are
               | "work" do not have equivalent protections. So, are we
               | just trying to protect work?
        
           | novosel wrote:
           | So, one writes a book to make a living?
           | 
           | You made that comment to make ends meet?
           | 
           | It is only "for free" if it has any value.
           | 
           | This is the gift economy, where reciprocity is just a special
           | (restricted) case of it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | It's either done as a hobby and/or the reputational etc.
           | benefits support their "brand" in their pursuits that they do
           | get paid for.
        
           | eikenberry wrote:
           | Authors don't make a living from their work now. I've known
           | many authors and they all do it as a side gig.. to promote
           | their career while making a few extra bucks. None of them
           | were even close to doing it for a living.
           | 
           | If you want to encourage writing you'll need a different
           | system than copyright.
        
         | Zambyte wrote:
         | This is fantastic. I want to know: how do you plan to sustain
         | this? Donations?
        
         | ssgodderidge wrote:
         | Thank you! This is fantastic. Letters From Prison [1] is
         | incredible. Will take a look at the other books soon.
         | 
         | [1] https://laniakeabooks.org/books/letters-from-prison/
        
         | c0pium wrote:
         | Have you spoken with lawyers about this idea? At least in the
         | United States, that's not how copyright or public domain works.
         | One does not need to apply for copyright to receive one, and
         | there is no mechanism for renouncing copyright. There is a
         | belief held by some that copyright, like many other rights, can
         | be renounced however that theory has never been tested in court
         | and there are several dissenting opinions from notable IP
         | lawyers.
         | 
         | https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-general.html#register
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The MIT No Attribution (MIT-0) license is an OSI-approved
           | license. As I've been told by at least a couple IP lawyers,
           | the situation may be stickier in continental Europe. Most
           | works the US federal government creates are also considered
           | in the public domain so it doesn't seem that controversial a
           | concept in the US.
        
             | herval wrote:
             | code under MIT-0 is still copyrighted to its original
             | author - it just authorizes derivative work to be done
             | without explicitly mentioning it (which is different from
             | public domain)
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | We're getting into pretty meaningless distinctions
               | though. Anyone can take the work, give no credit, and use
               | it however they wish. Which sounds a lot like public
               | domain.
               | 
               | CC0 from Creative Commons does explicitly state "place
               | them as completely as possible in the public domain." It
               | does also acknowledge that it is not always possible to
               | fully do so because of unrelinquishable moral rights and
               | other reasons. https://creativecommons.org/public-
               | domain/cc0/
               | 
               | To the original point, it may well make sense to license
               | under MIT-0 or CC0 if they want to place a book in the
               | public domain. The OSI's concerns about CC0 don't really
               | apply to writing as I understand it.
        
             | c0pium wrote:
             | The carve out for US Government work is explicitly stated
             | in the statute. Not only does that not create a precedent
             | for others to create copyright-free works, but if anything
             | it makes the case that exceptions to copyright-by-default
             | have to be explicitly defined in law.
             | 
             | OSI approving something is meaningless from a legal
             | standpoint, it's just some people on the internet. Even
             | were that not the case, creating a license is not the same
             | as renouncing copyright. Which, again, it isn't clear that
             | it is possible to do under US copyright law.
             | 
             | Edit: to be clear, MIT-0 doesn't even attempt to renounce
             | copyright. It merely provides slightly broader rights to
             | holders of a license to the copyrighted work.
        
           | medler wrote:
           | OP's company is based in the UK, so I was curious if the UK
           | had stronger mechanisms for renouncing copyright. According
           | to this source[1], they do not: "Under United Kingdom law,
           | the availability of [copyright] abandonment is far from
           | clear, and statements purporting to abandon copyright may be
           | interpreted as mere revocable licenses."
           | 
           | (I don't mean to suggest that OP's company is doing anything
           | wrong. I assume they're up to speed on the legal environment
           | and are doing the right things to ensure their works are
           | perpetually available. I just thought this was interesting).
           | 
           | [1] https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi
           | ?ar...
        
         | FalconSensei wrote:
         | Honest question: how do you feel about paying for editor's work
         | and marketing a new author if then anyone can sell the
         | resulting book?
        
       | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
       | Actually pretty exciting for books.
       | 
       | Agatha Christie, W.E.B. DuBois, Evelyn Waugh, Nabokov, D.H.
       | Lawrence, H.G. Wells, Virginia Woolf, and A.A. Milne all have
       | books entering in 2024.
       | 
       | And a Brecht play (The Threepenny Opera - one of his best, at
       | that), and a Eugene O'Neill (Strange Interlude)!
        
         | playingalong wrote:
         | Not trying to contest, just asking...
         | 
         | Brecht died in 1956, so +70 years (as per German law) would be
         | end of 2026, right?
        
           | pard68 wrote:
           | That would depend on the country right? USA doesn't have a
           | life+, so it's a hard date of 1928.
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | The reality of course is there is no public domain to speak of in
       | the USA, except for abandoned works, unless you have vast
       | financial resources. Suppose the early Disney stuff somehow
       | actually enters the public domain. Anyone that tries to use it is
       | going to get absolutely buried in trademark lawsuits and the
       | usual tidal wave of spurious motions.
        
       | tezza wrote:
       | "Lady Chatterley's Zombie Lover" coming right up. Probably direct
       | to Netflix
        
       | Imnimo wrote:
       | This feels like one of those things where a UI designer tries to
       | make the most comically inefficient way to convey mundane
       | information.
        
       | code51 wrote:
       | Did the works of Django Reinhardt enter the public domain?
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | I suppose this compositions and arrangements do, to the extent
         | they were actually written down. The improvised parts may not
         | be, since e.g. Grappeli died in 1997. Recordings take more time
         | to enter PD. But IANACRL.
        
       | PrimeMcFly wrote:
       | Looks like Tarzan is entering the public domain, that's
       | interesting.
        
         | panzagl wrote:
         | The Burroughs estate was Disney before Disney was Disney
        
       | redog wrote:
       | No music?
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | Disney Animation has been using a clip from Steamboat Willy (and
       | the song) as their opening bumper for years.
       | 
       | It was originally done when John Lassiter took over Disney
       | Animation as an homage to his idol Walt. But some IP lawyers have
       | said that it may also make it impossible to use Steamboat Willy
       | in the public domain because they could claim you're violating
       | their copyright on their bumper.
       | 
       | Will be interesting to see if that gets tested.
        
         | humanrebar wrote:
         | I always thought it would be establishing "Willie" as precisely
         | a trademark to invoke that side of IP law.
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | Steamboat Willie seems perfectly adaptable for AI animation.
       | Can't wait to see new cartoons.
        
       | fdgjgbdfhgb wrote:
       | Prokofiev, nice! I recently realised that his music was still
       | under copyright, same for Shostakovich... Death + 70 years is a
       | really long time
        
       | brlcad wrote:
       | Not quite in the same vein, but the patent for T-splines expires
       | in 2024. Big news for 3D modeling systems.
        
         | alsodumb wrote:
         | Can you add some context on what T-splines are and why it's a
         | big news? I kinda know splines in a trajectory planning sense
         | but never heard of T-splines. Thanks!
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'd love some site you can add things to, and people can simply
       | upvote if they think it's a noteworthy item. And then I can
       | subscribe to a calendar for the top 100.
        
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