[HN Gopher] Zapping manure with special electrode to produce fer...
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       Zapping manure with special electrode to produce fertilizers, other
       chemicals
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 25 points
       Date   : 2023-12-12 18:02 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.wisc.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.wisc.edu)
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Currently manure is typically spread on fields because it acts as
       | a fertilizer and makes crops grow better.
       | 
       | This proposes to extract various things from the manure and
       | purify then and use them to spread on fields to make crops grow
       | better.
       | 
       | I have to wonder if such an approach can ever exceed the effects
       | of the simple approach of muck-spreading...
        
         | hosh wrote:
         | The article claims that
         | 
         | "Although manure itself can be used as fertilizer, doing so can
         | be costly, logistically challenging and has environmental
         | drawbacks."
         | 
         | ... but knowing what I know about permaculture design, this
         | assertion comes from a particular way of seeing, one that that
         | contributes to system issues. It's not enough to look at
         | efficiency, you also have to look at efficacy. I think the
         | simple aproach of muck-spreading is better.
         | 
         | Integrating ranching with farming reduces the "logistical
         | challenge", and proper design means the "environmental
         | drawbacks" turns into solutions.
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | You don't have to be a permaculture gardener to have
           | skepticism about highly processed artificial inputs to
           | biological systems. Fungal and insect biome that break down
           | and live within decaying organic matter represent hundreds of
           | millions of years of development. Ancient Taoist philosophy
           | is centered on the wisdom of aligning with natural process.
           | IMHO modern science is learning, but still knows so little
           | about natural systems, particularly relationships within
           | insect, fungi and angiosperm communities which are the
           | objective core of botanical systems. We live in exciting
           | times, but the future of agriculture is certainly not DDT,
           | trucking in guano from Pacific Islands, and John Deere
           | harvesting machines.
        
             | hosh wrote:
             | I hear a lot of push-back and skepticism here about
             | uncontextualized ideas coming from permaculture design, and
             | I have learned to make it clear about the frame, paradigm,
             | and worldview I am speaking from. A common push-back is
             | about efficiency and scale and confusing it for efficacy.
             | 
             | Going along further down this road, what's a bit of a mind
             | twister is when I assert it's better to approach
             | Kuberenetes like gardening. A lot of the apparent
             | complexity are actually part of the self-healing
             | mechanisms.
             | 
             | As far as Taoist philosophy goes, not everyone buys into
             | that, and there are multiple ways to interpret and approach
             | Taoism. Still, have you ever read a book entitled,
             | "Treatise on Efficacy"?
        
               | nataliste wrote:
               | Hey, I just want to thank you for the book
               | recommendation. Reading the preface to "A Treatise on
               | Efficacy: Between Western and Chinese Thinking"[1] it
               | seems to codify a lot that I've previously thought about.
               | 
               | And as a topical aside, I can personally vouch for the
               | practicality of humanure[2] and ph-adjusted urine-
               | capture[3]. They are indeed simpler, scalable, and well
               | within that sweetspot of minimal inputs and maximal
               | outputs, particularly when it comes to fertility.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | 1 - ISBN: 9780824843144
               | 
               | 2 - https://humanurehandbook.com/
               | 
               | 3 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00
               | 4896972...
        
         | MightyBuzzard wrote:
         | Given that most farmers already use chemical fertilizer rather
         | than shit, we're not short on data for analysis.
         | 
         | One benefit you overlooked is knowing exactly what and how much
         | you're putting in your soil. A bag of ammonium nitrate gives
         | you a known quantity to factor with while shit is far from
         | homogeneous in its makeup.
        
         | Modified3019 wrote:
         | For non-subsistence farming, the amount of manure needed to
         | replace the amount of nutrients being removed every year can
         | result in too much of some things which can harm the ground.
         | Growers have to be careful not to accidentally salt their
         | ground with manure.
         | 
         | Manure is also very heavy, and therefore expensive to
         | transport, and that's without going into restrictions that kick
         | in when moving animal waste long distances.
         | 
         | Pathogens, weeds and even pesticide residue are also a concern.
         | The dairy I work with makes use of large digester tanks that
         | help reduce these.
         | 
         | Basically manure is great when you are close to a source (like
         | a dairy), but you can't put on too much or move it around too
         | far without issues. So there is value in being able to
         | economically break it up into it's components.
        
       | nickpinkston wrote:
       | I've wondered if it's a good/awful idea to use the widely used
       | food irradiation tech [1] on manure to kill the microorganisms
       | that can cause disease, while keeping the bioavailable nutrients
       | intact, just like how radiation kills bacteria in food without
       | affecting its taste.
       | 
       | It's also very low energy as, unlike electro-shocking, the
       | radiation sources are "always on".
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/food-
       | irradiatio...
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Feces ... _is_ microorganisms, mostly bacteria. It is mostly
         | correct to say poo is made up of bacteria. Lots of kinds, lots
         | of species. Soil is likewise alive.
         | 
         | If you kill everything you take a competitive ecosystem of many
         | species and leave raw materials for the next, most invasive
         | colonizer which is often more likely to cause disease.
         | 
         | Sterilizing manure is likewise pointless unless kept in a
         | sealed container, once you expose it to the world it's going to
         | get something alive in it real quick.
         | 
         | To prevent disease you really need to do the opposite, let it
         | ferment longer to allow the various waves of decomposers access
         | to break down and metabolize as much as possible to get the
         | resulting material further away from what it would be like
         | inside a living body as the more different environments are,
         | the less likely species will be able to thrive in both
         | environments. (this is why fermenting pickles works, microbes
         | that find salty veggies tasty won't find _you_ tasty because
         | you 're not nearly so salty or acidic)
         | 
         | You _do_ sterilize manure as mushroom culture to prevent
         | competition with the fungi, but that is done in quite
         | controlled environments.
        
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