[HN Gopher] Gilles Deleuze - What is Philosophy? [audio]
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       Gilles Deleuze - What is Philosophy? [audio]
        
       Author : tomtomistaken
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2023-12-09 07:38 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.philosophizethis.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.philosophizethis.org)
        
       | starwin1159 wrote:
       | nice
        
       | zvmaz wrote:
       | "Deleuze's work is characterized by his emphasis on difference
       | and multiplicity, which he saw as fundamental to understanding
       | the world. He developed a philosophy of becoming, which
       | emphasizes the importance of change and transformation."
       | 
       | Vacuous.
       | 
       | Reminds me of David Stove's "What is wrong with our thoughts"
       | [1].
       | 
       | [1] https://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/wrongthoughts.html
        
         | tomtomistaken wrote:
         | Check out all the parts available on Philosophize This!. In
         | particular, parts 4[1] and 5[2] talk about flows and
         | difference.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.philosophizethis.org/podcast/deleuze-flows
         | 
         | [2] https://www.philosophizethis.org/podcast/deleuze-difference
        
         | gexaha wrote:
         | Do you consider Whitehead's philosophy also vacuous?
        
           | dlkf wrote:
           | Motte (principia) and bailey (process philosophy).
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | I'm not sure this would be entirely fair to Whitehead
             | unless he tried to pass off the latter as being justified
             | by the former.
        
           | cyber_kinetist wrote:
           | I have heard that Deleuze's works highly derive from
           | Whitehead's process philosophy (along with influences of
           | Bergson and Nietzsche). Which was pretty unexpected to me,
           | since I've previously known Whitehead as a mathematician who
           | tried creating a foundation of modern mathematics with
           | Bertrand Russell (writing the book Principia Mathematica
           | together). So I wouldn't have expected that he's actually one
           | of the more foundational people behind continental
           | philosophy, which has a (mis-understood) image of being
           | illogical and vacuous!
           | 
           | Anyways, should read _Process and Reality_ someday, since my
           | interest in panpsychism is growing... (And which might be
           | more useful than reading Deleuze /Guattari since they're just
           | _too_ cryptic)
        
             | voldacar wrote:
             | You're mixing up two Whiteheads
        
               | arketyp wrote:
               | No
        
           | CiteXieAlAlyEtc wrote:
           | the most underrated comment on this thread; i cackled out
           | loud, thank you.
           | 
           | Shaviro's "Without Criteria" which discusses this connection
           | was an absolute delight.
        
         | bangkoksbest wrote:
         | The Stove essay (in truth it's a prolonged rant) supposedly
         | extols the virtues of empirical thinking, and you invoked it to
         | back up the sense you had that the description of Deleuze's
         | philosophy is vacuous... And yet...
         | 
         | Difference and multiplicity are core to empirical data and
         | scientific & engineering modelling. To make a measurement you
         | assume there is a scale to measure difference. To have a
         | variable is to assume that something can vary. To be a cause is
         | to assume something can make a difference. To have a process is
         | to assume a system that can change and transform. There's
         | nothing vacuous about this.
        
           | mrkeen wrote:
           | > To have a variable is to assume that something can vary.
           | 
           | Tautology.
           | 
           | > To be a cause is to assume something can make a difference.
           | 
           | Tautology.
           | 
           | > To have a process is to assume a system that can change and
           | transform.
           | 
           | Tautology.
           | 
           | Vacuous is exactly how I'd describe the above.
           | 
           | The only statement with potential depth is:
           | 
           | > To make a measurement you assume there is a scale to
           | measure difference.
           | 
           | This invokes quantum mechanics a little. But if those are
           | Deleuze's words, he's a bit late to the party. That stuff was
           | being quantified and mathematically modelled decades before.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | This is very strange.. Those are not what tautologies are.
             | 
             | In order for something to be tautological, you need to be
             | working within some formal system of proof. Proposing
             | definitions to terms could never be tautological.
             | 
             | I think you just want to say "I know that already!"
             | 
             | Also, Deleuze would _love_ this comment, precisely because
             | of your confusion in the term.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Logic_of_Sense
        
               | bangkoksbest wrote:
               | To be fair, I did intentionally write them in a style to
               | mimic propositional logical statements (which are
               | tautologies) but you are correct that they're not in a
               | formal system so they can't _actually_ be tautologies.
        
               | mrkeen wrote:
               | > This is very strange.. Those are not what tautologies
               | are.
               | 
               | > I think you just want to say "I know that already!"
               | 
               | > "All humans are mammals" is held to assert with regard
               | to anything whatsoever that either it is not a human or
               | it is a mammal. But that universal "truth" follows not
               | from any facts noted about real humans but only from the
               | actual use of human and mammal and is thus purely a
               | matter of definition. [1]
               | 
               | Moving on.
               | 
               | I assumed parent was trying to make (non-vacuous)
               | statements, firstly because he was replying to a comment,
               | and secondly because he followed them up with "There's
               | nothing vacuous about this."
               | 
               | > Proposing definitions to terms could never be
               | tautological.
               | 
               | If you treat them as statements, the tautologies clearly
               | appear by substituting the terms' definitions in:
               | 
               | * To have a (thing which can vary) is to assume that
               | something can vary.
               | 
               | * To be a (something that can make a difference) is to
               | assume something can make a difference.
               | 
               | But if parent was just defining his terms, then let's
               | hear those terms used in non-vacuous statements.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.britannica.com/topic/tautology
        
               | bangkoksbest wrote:
               | As the parent commenter, I already put a reply you could
               | respond to
        
             | bangkoksbest wrote:
             | Of course they're tautologies in a logic sense, and I
             | deliberately wrote them that way (whether they are
             | pejorative tautologies is not really a material point.)
             | They're statements about the _methods_ for empirical
             | thinking, the statements were not supposed to have
             | empirical content themselves.
        
             | ChainOfFools wrote:
             | > This invokes quantum mechanics a little.
             | 
             | It also invokes politics, economics, and all that
             | implements some form of notional value, because as some
             | other philosopher quipped, what gets measured gets
             | treasured.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure Deleuze never said anything about difference,
           | multiplicity, variables, or process that has proved useful to
           | a scientist or engineer, but I'd be very interested to be
           | proved wrong.
        
             | bangkoksbest wrote:
             | I'm an engineer and I find some of his stuff useful,
             | particularly when it comes to thinking through how to think
             | about how to use large p, small n data.
             | 
             | But I also don't have a strong reactionary anger to
             | Deleuze's penchant for writing in an obscurant quasi-post-
             | modern literary style, and I get that many do. In any case,
             | it's not like similar ideas are not also worked through in
             | less cryptic ways in contemporary philosophy of science
             | journals.
        
           | modernpink wrote:
           | All of modern science is possible without philosophy. In
           | fact, it is when what was called natural philosophy broke off
           | into the natural sciences that philosophy per se devolved
           | into a series of language games on metaphysics that became of
           | little relevance aside from those in the philosophy
           | profession itself.
           | 
           | All our modern advances from hypersonic missiles, large
           | language models, quantum physics and spaceflight and are in
           | spite of what is called philosophy, not due to it.
        
             | dleeftink wrote:
             | To turn this around, is all of modern philosophy possible
             | without science? And critically, do we want it to be?
             | 
             | Advances, musings and insights in one domain do not
             | preclude those in others, just as the ethical and
             | epistemological boundaries (and possible trajectories) of
             | missiles, models and spacecraft do not suddenly disappear
             | just because we invented them.
             | 
             | Even moreso, the surrounding language games can be just as
             | impactful: doomsday clocks, Turing tests and space
             | supremacy have informed many policies on the docket, well
             | before any practical applications were feasible. In these
             | instances, it would be (and has been) quite difficult to
             | seperate the science from our language, just as the other
             | way around.
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | Let me see if I got this right by echoing it
             | aphoristically: science doesn't care about epistemology?
             | 
             | How do you feel about falsifiability?
        
         | asplake wrote:
         | Multiplicity, because relationships become important.
         | Difference, because that drives emergence. Becoming, because
         | when you're dealing with the emergent (eg social structures),
         | how they come into being is essential to understanding them.
        
         | espe wrote:
         | deleuze was actually pretty well read in the natural sciences
         | of his times, especially physics. even if you find this short
         | snippet vacuous-sounding, he is actually one of the few
         | philosophers whose metaphors about impenetrable parts of
         | reality are grounded.
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | These words have specific meanings in Deleuze's philosophy.
         | They aren't that complicated.
         | 
         | Your comment is tantamount to someone that doesn't speak German
         | saying "vacuous" when they come across a word like Geist. Lazy
         | and uninformed.
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | I know almost nothing about philosophy and exactly nothing
         | about Deleuze.
         | 
         | I do know the ancient philosophers cared a lot about change.
         | 
         | So I assume Deleuze's notions wrt change are serious too, and
         | not just some self-help new age crap.
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | As a teenager, I was enjoying Sciences classes, but not
       | Philisophy at all at that time, I was really lagging behind in
       | maturity, of course now 20 years later it's different. I don't
       | think Philisophy is something you can only learn, I think you
       | need enough life experience, maturity, wisdom so distance and
       | time
        
         | earthboundkid wrote:
         | Also with a lot of the French philosophers, there's an
         | assumption that you've already had a standard Sorbonne
         | education, and now you're ready for a revisionist
         | interpretation of some fundamental questions in the standard
         | model, but if you're just coming to it as an American
         | undergrad, you're missing a lot of the context, so the revision
         | makes no sense.
        
         | gchamonlive wrote:
         | Well... Simone Weil very early in life already had a strong
         | concept of what philosophy was and how she would like to tackle
         | it. She had a genius of her own and is not fair to compair the
         | average person interested in philosophy to her.
         | 
         | However I think we can trace somehow a parallel between the
         | lack of general interest in those areas of humanity in early
         | life and the utilitarian nature of kindergarten and highschool.
         | That is, not enjoying philosophy early in life speaks more
         | about how outdated our education system is in general and less
         | about philosophy itself. We are just not practicing philosophy
         | in school.
        
         | hprotagonist wrote:
         | > I don't think Philisophy is something you can only learn, I
         | think you need enough life experience, maturity, wisdom so
         | distance and time
         | 
         | ha ha only serious: the real philosophy is the one we found
         | along the way
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | Deleuze is one of the best thinkers of the last century, but he
       | requires a lot of reading before what he's saying can make any
       | sense.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | He is very popular in the arts, but I don't understand why.
         | It's vaguely platonic (which I like) but obtuse (like kant).
        
           | pas wrote:
           | the only thing I know about him (them, with Guattari), is
           | that they went all-in to post-modern stuff with regards to
           | the individual and society, and a lot of artists are simply
           | find that relatable. (only the non-conformist can survive in
           | this capitalist wasteland of ever increasing economic
           | efficiency, etc.. etc..)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Oedipus with the subtitle
           | "Capitalism and Schizophrenia" ... and in the second part "A
           | Thousand Plateaus" they discuss a lot of artists
           | 
           | > obtuse
           | 
           | who isn't? but seriously, first-hand reading of philosophy
           | seems like a big no-no, almost all of it is derivative and
           | it's very hard to present it in an efficient way (just the
           | exposition/background/context required for [comprehending]
           | thought experiments is usually a few dense pages, etc.)
           | 
           |  _or_ possibly my past encounters were very unfortunate, and
           | it 'd be great to hear some suggestions!
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | Deleuze shows up in film and sound design, maybe music a bit.
           | I get why; process, change, emergence, diversity... all have
           | a deep bearing on these arts. Personally find it useful for
           | understanding media in a theoretical way. But what practising
           | artists can really use from Deleuze, I am unsure.
        
           | shortrounddev2 wrote:
           | The arts are all about saying bullshit that means nothing but
           | everyone pretends they understand in order to be part of the
           | "in" crowd
        
           | smokel wrote:
           | Many contemporary artists are good at associative thought but
           | pretty bad at rational thought.
           | 
           | Several popular French philosophers say _a lot_ , so there
           | will always be some interesting hook for people to catch on.
           | 
           | The rational thinker will get annoyed, because the drivel is
           | unfounded. The artist will feel inspired and enlightened.
           | 
           | (Source: have formal education in both mathematics and fine
           | arts.)
        
             | 2devnull wrote:
             | The influence of French cinema may be a factor too I would
             | guess.
        
             | nathias wrote:
             | this is more of a problem of the US reception of Deleuze
             | via literary studies not philosophy, Deleuze is a very
             | serious and rational thinker, but without context, it's
             | senseless (which people use for posturing)
        
               | smokel wrote:
               | Hm, I should not have used the word "drivel", that may
               | have been a bit too harsh.
               | 
               | A thing with Deleuze is that I still see very little
               | value in some of his ideas. The idea of a "rhizome" for
               | instance (which might be related to Latour's "actor-
               | network theory") seems rather trivial to me. This may
               | well be because I grew up in a time when these ideas were
               | already fairly mainstream, but I find it highly unlikely
               | that people before Deleuze only thought in black and
               | white.
               | 
               | A hurdle that I may once have to cross is that I should
               | not read these philosophers for their original thought,
               | but more for their critique on contemporary society. The
               | latter seems rather pointless, because it costs me almost
               | no effort to superficially critique contemporary society
               | myself :)
        
               | nathias wrote:
               | most of it is an attempt to escape
               | Hegelianism/Marxism/psychoanalysis, but his earlier works
               | (Difference and Repetition, Logic Of Sense) are much
               | better in terms of accessibility, to me his best are
               | books on other philosophers, on Kant, Spinoza, Leibniz.
               | 
               | The late stages of philosophers' works are often quite
               | wacky.
        
         | zupatol wrote:
         | I read a few pages of thousand plateaus and I didn't get the
         | impression he really wanted the reader to make sense of it.
         | 
         | It's full of quotations of works you would certainly know if
         | you had enough culture. It feels like an violent attempt to
         | humiliate the reader into submission. Apparently the english
         | version came out with a lot of footnotes to provide context.
         | This probably betrays the spirit of the original.
         | 
         | I'll try to listen to the podcast though, maybe some civilized
         | people did manage to find something valuable in his writing.
        
           | nathias wrote:
           | Continental philosophy has some starting points, but some
           | authors will be completely incomprehensible without reading
           | most of the classical works. It's written for philosophers.
           | If you haven't read at least Kant and Hegel, Heidegger and
           | know what psychoanalysis and structuralism are about you have
           | no basis of understanding for it.
        
             | zupatol wrote:
             | Haven't read all of that, but it strikes me that some of
             | these authors like Freud and Levi-Strauss are perfectly
             | understandable without much background. Haven't tried Kant
             | but other authors consider him very methodic and logical,
             | about the opposite of Deuleuze, and he's a big inspiration
             | for the very readable Schopenhauer.
             | 
             | Maybe Hegel and Heidegger are where things get complicated.
        
               | namarie wrote:
               | Do try Kant; being "methodic and logical" in no way
               | implies being easy to read!
        
               | nathias wrote:
               | Freud and Levi-Strauss were scientists/academics who
               | influenced philosophy, but not philosophers. Philosophy
               | has a lot of dependencies, this is why every so often a
               | fork is needed to 'restart' but it never works and
               | dependencies start piling up again.
        
             | standfest wrote:
             | I would like to support this observation. Obviously, they
             | generated some language of their own, with lots of
             | implications and references. Once you start reading it, it
             | becomes a rabbit hole (back in the days my entry point was
             | Adorno and Horkheimer). Words might be familiar, but their
             | meaning is different. There was a reason to study, and the
             | trend to render science accessible to laypeople was not yet
             | born. Maybe even not wanted, to quote the ideas behind the
             | concept of cultural industrial complex.
        
               | steveklabnik wrote:
               | I would like to third this as well. Software developers
               | are incredibly familiar with the concept of a field that
               | contains a lot of jargon and that you can't have
               | meaningful conversations about certain things until
               | you've learned some of it: that's also software
               | engineering!
               | 
               | Just because these folks are writing for people with a
               | different background than the one that you have doesn't
               | mean it's nonsense, it means you have yet to engage with
               | enough of the field to understand what's going on.
               | Everyone starts there!
        
         | profeatur wrote:
         | +1. Even if many of the mid-twentieth century French
         | philosophers were incomprehensible and self-contradictory, they
         | certainly provided a lot of useful raw material for more
         | grounded thinkers like De Landa.
        
         | mrkeen wrote:
         | What was something he said that made sense?
        
       | asplake wrote:
       | I have been introduced to Deleuze, but oh my, he is really hard
       | work, even secondhand. If interested in assemblage theory, start
       | with DeLanda.
        
       | bronikowski wrote:
       | Philosophize This is a very beginner friendly podcast. I'd gladly
       | recommend it to anyone with even cursory interest. Then you go to
       | History of Philosophy without Any Gaps. ;)
        
         | jamesrcole wrote:
         | Or if they're looking for written content, the Stanford
         | Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a great resource. It has articles
         | on lots of philosophical topics, and they're fairly accessible
         | 
         | https://plato.stanford.edu/
        
         | pas wrote:
         | Excuse my spamminess (and for hijacking the current top
         | comment), but I would like to recommend the innocent looking
         | episode 162
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-43zh_za_eQ The Creation of
         | Meaning - The Denial of Death
         | 
         | ( transcript
         | https://www.philosophizethis.org/transcript/episode-162-tran...
         | )
         | 
         | "The Denial of Death is a 1973 book by American cultural
         | anthropologist Ernest Becker which discusses the psychological
         | and philosophical implications of ..." clickbait! well, no, not
         | clickbait, but death, but maybe it's the same thing? listen and
         | you'll find out :)
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | "you know a squirrel doesn't sit around and agonize over what
           | kind of squirrel they want to be this week" 3:37
           | 
           | I'm not sure about this. Some look quite contemplative.
        
             | aeim wrote:
             | yes, it's nuts
        
       | shortrounddev2 wrote:
       | One of the greatest charlatans of postmodernism
        
         | lxbxc wrote:
         | Also one of the most important figures in film criticism [shrug
         | emoji]
        
         | abyssin wrote:
         | For those interested in reading a great book exposing Deleuze
         | and others like him, I recommend Fashionable Nonsense by Sokal
         | & Bricmont.
        
           | hackandthink wrote:
           | In think Sokal is right. The postmodern academic left is a
           | phenomenon of decay and is not helpful for traditional left-
           | wing goals such as social justice.
           | 
           | On the other hand, I think Deleuze has a deep understanding
           | of philosophy and, to some extent, mathematics. Deleuze
           | always tries to make a transition from traditional theories
           | to his extreme conception of difference and repetition.
           | 
           | It's crazy, but it has a certain genius.
        
           | standfest wrote:
           | I am not a big fan of the Sokal Hoax and the follow ups. They
           | made cheap money out of obvious misinterpretations, and did
           | much more harm than anything else. While Chomsky, maybe from
           | a US perspective, found some value, I am more with Derrida
           | who analysed it as what it was: sad. I recommend his
           | perspective https://philpapers.org/rec/DERPM
        
             | steveklabnik wrote:
             | This post may also be of interest to people:
             | http://byfat.xxx/chomsky
             | 
             | And it's not like other fields don't have their own Sokal
             | Hoax either: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdanov_affair
        
         | z7 wrote:
         | Being a charlatan and having a few interesting things to say
         | are not mutually exclusive...
        
       | samirillian wrote:
       | One may not like Deleuze's system, but I don't think it's fair to
       | call him a charlatan. His work on other philosophers (e.g.
       | Leibniz) is highly regarded, he provided valuable counterpoints
       | to Freud, and Badiou accused him of being a secret platonist,
       | which I think most hn-posters would appreciate. His one-off
       | observations alone should be enough to grant him the benefit of
       | the doubt. If you don't recognize sparks of brilliance in his
       | lectures and conversations, well! See the abecediary, or his
       | lecture on cinema as the creative act, or any of his readings of
       | past philosophers.
        
       | hackandthink wrote:
       | If you want to have an idea of what Deleuze's philosophy is all
       | about:
       | 
       | (Differential Ontology)
       | 
       | https://iep.utm.edu/differential-ontology/
        
       | oglop wrote:
       | I loved a book he wrote. Oeduous and capitalists or something.
       | 
       | Anyway, it was wordy and I think he was struggling to find words
       | but it was a great read and helped me construct some useful
       | models for myself when speaking to people across varying domains
       | of science. Just gotta jump to their ribosome or whatever the
       | hell and use their language to transfer data fast.
       | 
       | I could see an analyst mind reading this and having a mental
       | break down though and then coming on hacker news to try and offer
       | some quick wit to gain reputation about "wow, how wordy. Must be
       | a charlatan". Could be. Could be good stuff here.
       | 
       | No need to lecture me btw. I literally won't care.
        
       | dirtyhippiefree wrote:
       | I'm surprised nobody has mentioned Philosophy Talk on NPR.
       | 
       | Hosted by two Stanford professors.
       | 
       | "Known as 'the program that questions everything--except your
       | intelligence' Philosophy Talk challenges listeners to question
       | their assumptions and to think about things in new ways."
       | 
       | https://www.philosophytalk.org/
        
       | Cockbrand wrote:
       | There's a quite influential electronic music label called _Mille
       | Plateaux_ [0], named after Deleuze 's work. Label founder Achim
       | Szepanski often quoted Deleuze in interviews and liner notes. I
       | found that somewhat pretentious b/c I could hardly grasp any of
       | that. Still, Mille Plateaux released quite a few absolutely
       | timeless classics.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mille_Plateaux_(record_label)
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | A friend of mine was a reseller for them! Fond memories !
        
         | mstep wrote:
         | szepanski reactivated the label some years ago. new releases
         | can be found on bandcamp [1]. from 2014 onwards he also wrote
         | several books on financial capital and marx based on laruelle,
         | deleuze and lately especially baudrillard [2]. last year he
         | published a "new theory of financial capital" [3], that also
         | got published in china [4].
         | 
         | [1] https://forceincmilleplateaux.bandcamp.com/ [2]
         | https://shop.laika-verlag.de/search?search=szepanksi [3]
         | https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-93151-3 [4]
         | https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wg-EOZVGC2EpSZR7k_Eqbg
        
       | steveklabnik wrote:
       | Deleuze is my favorite philosopher.
       | 
       | Eleven years ago I wrote a few blog posts trying to apply his
       | concepts to programming. Haven't read them in a very long time,
       | dunno if they hold up, but if anyone is interested:
       | https://steveklabnik.com/writing/deleuze-for-developers-asse...
        
       | voldacar wrote:
       | Most of this seems neither true nor false, but meaningless in the
       | Carnapian sense.
        
       | fiforpg wrote:
       | I like what Bertrand Russell had to say to that very question, in
       | one of _Unpopular essays_ (quoting approximately from memory):
       | 
       | Philosophy is science in the circumstances of insufficient
       | knowledge. That is, given insufficient data it may still be
       | beneficial to ponder possible future directions of research,
       | contemplate lines of attack on long-standing questions, or even
       | determine beforehand how these big questions should be posed. All
       | of these circumscientific activities and thinking together
       | constitute philosophy.
        
       | AussieWog93 wrote:
       | To me, philosophy is the art of finding the most low-stakes,
       | ungrounded problems on Earth, so you can argue about the solution
       | ad nauseam until eventually someone who doesn't care about
       | philosophy stumbles across the solution by mistake.
        
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