[HN Gopher] Balkan genomes trace the rise/fall of Roman Empire's...
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       Balkan genomes trace the rise/fall of Roman Empire's frontier,
       migrations
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2023-12-08 04:48 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | nixass wrote:
       | Balkans are such a historical cultural melting point it's no
       | wonder why major world conflicts started there and reason why
       | conflicts are far from over in that region (looking at you
       | Serbia)
        
         | simion314 wrote:
         | I am not sure what you mean by "started", the region was at the
         | intersection of big empires that fought each other and the
         | people there were caught in the middle trying to survive by
         | chosing the least worse of the empires.
         | 
         | I would say the conflicts are started in the capitals of the
         | big empires/powers.
        
           | bojan wrote:
           | There is an extremely nationalist and warmongering rethoric
           | coming from official Belgrade for decades now. I don't see
           | how foreign capitals have anything to do with that.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | I was referring at the past history.
             | 
             | That history causes the feelings Seribans have, I can see
             | why they are frustrated, but I agree politicians usually
             | use this to gain more votes instead of finding a way to
             | look forward.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't start nationalistic flamewars on HN.
         | 
         | I realize the OP has some overlap with inflammatory content but
         | that's not a reason to start flamewars, it's a reason _not_ to
         | start them.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | ardit33 wrote:
       | Nothing new here. Basically the genetics, matches the historical
       | accounts. We know (by historical accounts) that the slavic
       | immigration started in the end of the 6th century, after the
       | death of Justinian the Great, where the successors lost
       | territories and few battles and could properly defend the
       | frontier. (avar wars).
       | 
       | Also, after the Justinian plague (541-549 AD) a lot of the local
       | population was decimated, hence the new slavic arrivals found it
       | easier/space to move to the country side (initially as a trickle
       | of immigration in the late 6th century, then eventually as
       | settlers/invaders later in the early 7th century).
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | No, the genetic factor itself is something new here, and
         | interesting even to this reader with an academic background in
         | a related field. Florin Curta (a very respected scholar
         | overall) has held out against the mainstream view of a Slavic
         | migration into the Balkans on the basis of a supposed lack of
         | archaeological evidence. So, I suspect that many scholars, as
         | soon as they learn of this news about the ancient DNA, will
         | immediately think "Hmm, I wonder what Curta has to say to
         | that."
        
       | gumballindie wrote:
       | > such as a woman of Eastern European descent buried in a high
       | imperial cemetery
       | 
       | Now there's an east european race?
       | 
       | > people attracted by the wealth Rome invested in its frontier
       | zone
       | 
       | Are they saying people crossed the border to find jobs? Perhaps
       | illegally?
       | 
       | Who pays for such nonsense?
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | The article didn't say "race" at all. Its wording tries to
         | simplify, for a mass audience, the research that found at this
         | Balkan site DNA that is mainly associated with sites in the
         | east of Europe. Across archaeology and linguistics, there has
         | been an archaeogenetics revolution in the last 15 years or so
         | that enables tracing historical migrations like never before.
         | 
         | I don't know why you think "attracted to the wealth Rome
         | invested in its frontier zone" is a wording that implies
         | jobseekers. It can obviously mean opportunities for pillaging,
         | which peoples of the Eurasian steppe did for centuries. It can
         | mean making use of convenient infrastructure left behind when
         | the Roman military retreated from certain holdings.
        
           | gumballindie wrote:
           | > archaeogenetics revolution in the last 15 years
           | 
           | Unfortunately none of that is passed on to said audience, as
           | can been in comments that claim ancient europe followed
           | burial or genetic patterns aligned with a cold war era
           | political classification of the region.
           | 
           | It would be comical if not tragic that we actually fund
           | people producing such "research". I am less and less
           | surprised that some think we can replace them with chat bots
           | given how low quality the output is.
        
             | ZunarJ5 wrote:
             | This is an incredibly ignorant take. Tracing these lineages
             | has implications on everything from climate, geography,
             | history, politics etc.
        
               | gumballindie wrote:
               | Yup, and this "research" mis traces it. A low quality
               | piece aimed at ignorant readers that project their's
               | upstream.
        
             | jWhick wrote:
             | 100% agree with this.
        
             | OfSanguineFire wrote:
             | Your posts here are so incoherent, it's not clear what you
             | are complaining about. Is it the term "Eastern European"?
             | That isn't a "Cold War-era classification" at all. The use
             | of "Eastern European" in the archaeology and linguistics of
             | the region goes back to the term _Osteuropa_ in the
             | foundational 19th-century literature.
             | 
             | If you lack any familiarity with this field enough to know
             | that, then it would be wise to refrain from making
             | pronouncements on the worthiness of this research. Also,
             | the HN submission is a pop-sci article created by that
             | university's PR, it is not the actual research. The actual
             | research can be found in the mentioned journal.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents._ "
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | Edit: we had to ask you this pretty recently:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37636566. If you'd please
         | review the site guidelines and use HN as intended, we'd
         | appreciate it.
        
           | gumballindie wrote:
           | My apologies, will take a break from commenting as to better
           | understand the guidelines. However, it would be great if
           | there was higher tolerance for calling content such as this
           | out. The article at hand and research behind it do nothing
           | more but to perpetuate a false image of east europe being a
           | monobloc of cultures, ethnicities, and genetic structures.
           | Defending that while censoring critique is far from ideal.
        
       | tuzemec wrote:
       | Not sure who was saying that the Balkans produce much more
       | history than they can consume.
       | 
       | Maybe Churchill?
        
         | Ivovosk wrote:
         | Don't know who it was but it's 100% true
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | I can also confirm this.
           | 
           | I've driven by car from Bucharest to Methoni (at the South-
           | Western tip of the Peloponnese) this past autumn and early on
           | during the trip I started counting the battle-places I was
           | passing by: Giurgiu and the 1812 war between Tsarist Russia
           | and the Ottomans, Pleven and the 1878 war between the same
           | Tsarist Russia and the Ottomans, driving down towards
           | Thessaloniki I was thinking about the cemeteries of Western
           | WW1 soldiers located nearby, I spent my night somewhere
           | between Kozani and Ioannina, in Northern Greece, which had
           | been a very active front in the Greek Civil War, next day I
           | passed close to Missolonghi, passed on the magnificent bridge
           | at Patras close to where the Lepanto battle had taken place,
           | and then on to the Peloponnese and Methoni itself. But not
           | before passing close to the ancient Old Navarino castle
           | nearby Pylos, the same Pylos where the naval Battle of Pylos
           | took place during the Peloponnesian War, shortly followed by
           | the Battle of Sphacteria. And Methoni itself was the location
           | of three battles [1] involving the Venetians and the
           | Ottomans.
           | 
           | And then, on my way back, I visited the exceptional Mystras
           | Archeological Site [2], seeing Western Gothic architecture as
           | a part of the Byzantine/East-Roman complex, in the middle of
           | the Peloponnese, was really a very cool experience, highly
           | recommend it.
           | 
           | Btw, speaking of the Slavs and the Southern Peloponnese and
           | Mystras, the nearby mountains had been inhabited by this
           | Slavic tribe back in the day, the Melingoi [3], I hadn't know
           | that before physically visiting those places
           | 
           | > The Melingoi or Milingoi (Greek: Meliggoi) were a Slavic
           | tribe that settled in the Peloponnese in southern Greece
           | during the Middle Ages.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Modon
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras
           | 
           | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melingoi
        
             | avtolik wrote:
             | Well, if we talk about battles, they seem to be very common
             | in whole of Europe, according to this map:
             | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FAH3_cHXoAAgy22.jpg (taken from
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK5OsDWYJmQ)
             | 
             | Although I'm not sure if this isn't because Europe has more
             | written history than the other places.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | The other regions of Europe don't include that big of a
               | timespan, from 400-500 BCE to the contemporary era. The
               | only exception is the Italian peninsula and its Northern
               | region (the Po Plain). That's what also made a guy like
               | Byron to fight and die at Missolonghi, doing it on some
               | desolate field in Northern France or present-day Belgium
               | would have meant nothing for him.
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | Byron didn't fight there and died of disease, not combat.
        
         | Gare wrote:
         | It is misattributed, he never said that:
         | https://en.m.wikiquote.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill#Misattribu...
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | This confirms what I already knew, as a millennial Croat. But I
       | have some older relatives who could stand to read this.
       | Unfortunately none of them can read english.
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | Do you think so? It looks like it just confirms the "from the
         | century 7th" narrative (actually pushes it earlier a century if
         | anything!) :-)
        
           | Gare wrote:
           | They probably mean the part about Croats and Serbs being
           | genetically almost the same. But this is also not something
           | surprising to me.
        
           | INTPenis wrote:
           | Not the centuries specifically, more the fact that the whole
           | region has always been, and still is, a melting pot of people
           | from all surrounding regions.
           | 
           | A lot of the older generation are trying to emphasize our
           | differences and even make wild claims that I won't repeat
           | here. Those borders were drawn by people who are very
           | similar.
        
       | Swizec wrote:
       | My favorite funfact from high school history class in Slovenia is
       | that the reason we have such good records of how Slavs migrated
       | into the area is that we can track when churches stopped sending
       | regular reports back to Rome. Slavs come into the area, sack the
       | church, church goes dark.
       | 
       | It's a shame early Slavs didn't have writing. When we got
       | Christianized later, it destroyed much of our older culture and
       | it would be cool to know more about those roots. We know the
       | eastern slavs had vampires and werewolves, did we? We know old
       | folk tales mention faeries and kings sleeping in caves for
       | centuries and even the Greek Argonauts, but it's all very
       | fragmented. It would be nice to know more.
       | 
       | A lot of our (Slovenian, probably Croatian) folk tales mix with
       | even older tales from the celts who used to live in the area.
       | It's all very fascinating and largely lost because first the
       | Romanization of the Celts and later the Christianization of the
       | Slavs were both quite aggressive.
       | 
       | Another funfact: The oldest wooden wheel was found in my home
       | town -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana_Marshes_Wheel
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | they talk about the fall of roman empire, but the empire
       | continued in constantinople
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | At that point was it an Empire, or simply a Kingdom with the
         | King called an Emperor?
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | Empire
        
       | leiaru13 wrote:
       | The amount of division in the Balkans -- especially in the last
       | 20-30 years -- has never made much sense to me, given how close
       | culturally and ethnically most of the population is. This only
       | confirms that the fragmentation of the region is driven more from
       | the creation of 'national myths' than on genetic differences
       | between different groups of people.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > This only confirms that the fragmentation of the region is
         | driven more from the creation of 'national myths' than on
         | genetic differences
         | 
         | Always has been. You think there was such a thing as "French" a
         | thousand years ago? Are people from Munich really that
         | different than Vienna? Do folks in Geneva really differ deeply
         | from people in Lyon?
         | 
         | Europe is _very small_. From Kyev, capital of Ukraine, to
         | Ljubljana, capital of Slovenia, it's about the same distance as
         | San Francisco to Los Angeles. Yet it crosses 3 countries.
         | 
         | Kings and governments come and go, but the people stay. My
         | great grandma, for example, lived in 4 different countries
         | without leaving her village.
        
           | pxeboot wrote:
           | > Europe is very small.
           | 
           | For another US reference point: the entire European Union is
           | about the same size as Alaska.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=area+of+alaska+vs+area
             | +...
             | 
             | EU is a lot bigger than Alaska and there's a lot of Europe
             | it doesn't cover.
        
             | fhars wrote:
             | In Mercator projection?
        
           | pvg wrote:
           | _Kyev, capital of Ukraine, to Ljubljana, capital of Slovenia,
           | it's about the same distance as San Francisco to Los
           | Angeles._
           | 
           | One is a bit over 500 km and the other is about 1300 km. It's
           | not meaningfully 'about the same distance'. It's an enourmous
           | distance to hit only three European countries, though, you
           | can do this in much less time/distance driving around nearby
           | Trieste or Bratislava.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | Huh you're right. Maybe I was remembering border to border
             | air distance. Was looking this up a few years ago when
             | friends were asking how far Ukraine was from my family.
             | 
             | Here's a more fun context instead: after college I went on
             | a roadtrip and covered 13 countries in about 4000 miles.
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | You started some sort of Europeshrinking conspiracy here,
               | check out the sibling comment that's off by a similar
               | factor but for area.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Doesn't have to be large groups to be different groups. That
           | seems like a fallacious argument.
           | 
           | Empirically/anecdotally I bet quite a few people could with
           | 90%+ accuracy pick a (third-generation) Iberian vs Frank vs
           | Polack vs Scandi out of a lineup just by physical features
           | 
           | Alternatively take a reasonably deep look at American (North
           | or South) indigenous tribal societies- the empirical history
           | is thinner there but similar conclusions
        
           | SenAnder wrote:
           | Europe may be small, yet there are measurable genetic
           | differences between its peoples:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735096/
           | 
           | Looking at a larger, but still relatively closely connected
           | region, magnifies those differences further:
           | https://site.nevgen.org/2020/05/05/autosomal-pca-charts-
           | of-e...
        
         | Nthringas wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide_and_rule
         | 
         | if governance were a technical field (which it is)
         | 
         | that idea would be like a theorem
         | 
         | the remaining puzzle is who is really "ruling" the balkans?
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-09 23:01 UTC)