[HN Gopher] The extremely large telescope will transform astronomy
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       The extremely large telescope will transform astronomy
        
       Author : jdkee
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2023-12-07 02:55 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | jdkee wrote:
       | See https://archive.is/89jLA
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | Thank you. I have been IP blocked by the Economist for years
         | (and eventually reblocked after IP changes). I've never figured
         | out which of my unlikable attributes was just too much here.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | I am super impressed by this. I can understand getting
           | blocked once by mistake or whatever. Getting blocked
           | repeatedly. That takes some doing. How could you possibly not
           | know why they keep blocking you? Are you just naturally
           | nefarious? So much so that your mere presence screams out in
           | the ether?
           | 
           | Are you hosting a tor exit node? Even that shouldn't be
           | enough. Are you part of a botnet? I mean if you were
           | controlling a botnet you wouldn't get blocked. You'd have to
           | be skating that fine line of mostly innocent but also bad.
        
       | irjustin wrote:
       | I'm super excited by all these new prospects.
       | 
       | With Starship and ..... SLS...... anyway.... coming online I'm
       | extremely excited at the prospects of reusing JWST concepts/tech
       | on larger arrays or larger single mirrors. A whole new upper
       | limit of space telescopes unlocked.
        
         | credit_guy wrote:
         | There's a cautionary tale there though. With Starship being
         | able to ferry more than 100 tons into space (JWST = 12 tons),
         | you can imagine how much cheaper it will be to launch
         | telescopes in space. A lot of the cost of JWST was related to
         | the need to make it foldable in complicated ways, and to make
         | it vibration resistant, and in general compensate for the fact
         | that current rockets are cramped. If you can put new telescopes
         | inside a massive cargo ships, protect them with several
         | dampeners, give them ridiculous amounts of space so there's no
         | need for funky folding, how much cheaper can you get? My bet is
         | that by the end of the decade we will have more multiple
         | telescopes more powerful than JWST in the sky, built and
         | launched at a cost below $100 million each, or 100 times
         | cheaper than JWST.
         | 
         | Yet, if you ask 100 people, both scientists and laypeople,
         | mabye 99 will tell you that the $10 billion bill for JWST was
         | worth it.
         | 
         | I'm pro-science, but scientists refuse to even ask this
         | question: when you ask for billions for a super-duper
         | experiment (ITER, looking at you, post-CERN collider too), what
         | is the chance that you could get the same experiment 30 years
         | from now for 100 times less money? The Human Genome Project
         | cost $2.7 million in the 90's, yet now one can sequence any
         | genome for hundreds of dollars (if not less).
         | 
         | At what point will scientists be willing to say that maybe the
         | price for the JWST was too high?
        
           | bigbillheck wrote:
           | I find it hard to believe that without all the immense effort
           | of the HGP we'd have such cheap gene sequencing these days.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > I'm pro-science, but scientists refuse to even ask this
           | question: when you ask for billions for a super-duper
           | experiment (ITER, looking at you, post-CERN collider too),
           | what is the chance that you could get the same experiment 30
           | years from now for 100 times less money?
           | 
           | They'd correctly point out spending the money inventing the
           | technology is precisely _how_ it gets that cheap 30 years
           | later.
           | 
           | > At what point will scientists be willing to say that maybe
           | the price for the JWST was too high?
           | 
           | For context, the JWST cost us about as much as Americans
           | spend on one Halloween. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/much-
           | americans-spend-hallowee...
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | But the money spent on JWST did not make the rockets
             | bigger.
        
           | martinclayton wrote:
           | I think the timeline and price tag are overly optimistic, but
           | agree we can expect massive benefits from the lift capability
           | of Starship.
           | 
           | The cheapest big telescopes I could find with a quick trawl
           | are the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and its "clone" the SALT. They
           | cost about $20 million each, compared to similarly-sized
           | telescopes in the $80 million-and-up price range.
           | 
           | I doubt there's a project time-line since the 1970s from
           | inception to first light of under 5 years, which would put us
           | at 2029 already.
           | 
           | Perhaps the aim should be to have lots of "good enough" unit
           | instruments, rather than one world-beatingly big one that
           | politicians or billionaires find stimulating to throw money
           | at.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > At what point will scientists be willing to say that maybe
           | the price for the JWST was too high?
           | 
           | Any of them whose project was not funded because the money
           | was tied up in funding JWST?
        
         | hn8305823 wrote:
         | I don't think larger single mirrors is going to be a thing. The
         | numerous advantages of hexagon arrays far outweigh (pun
         | intended) the single drawback of the large hexagonal
         | diffraction spikes. The point spread function (PSF) is very
         | well defined and can be easily worked around by some
         | combination of PSF modeling, selecting a desired orientation,
         | or multiple exposures.
         | 
         | The Keck Telescope was the first major observatory to use this
         | technique in 1993.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keck_telescope
        
       | danparsonson wrote:
       | My biggest concern is that telescopes will soon hit a fundamental
       | size limit when we run out of adjectives for naming them - I
       | posit 'Inconceivably Large Telescope' to be the maximum.
        
         | skummetmaelk wrote:
         | What was inconceivable yesterday will be mundane tomorrow.
        
           | quchen wrote:
           | Reminds me of how most physics books with >>modern<< in their
           | titles are from the 60s.
        
             | two_in_one wrote:
             | "modern c++", checked amazon. there are 5 out of 5 on the
             | first line, and more in the list, with many variations.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | And the Modern Age ended at the time of the Industrial
             | Revolution.
             | 
             | Books are an understandable phenomenon. They were supposed
             | to disappear before the stuff they describe stops being
             | valid. But we have a nasty tendency of naming permanent
             | things "modern".
             | 
             | But anyway, it reminds me on how if you want a real
             | textbook that covers a math or physics subject with all the
             | details, you need to get the one named "fundamentals of X".
             | If you go and get the "advanced X", it has a superficial
             | and incomplete description that won't help you with
             | anything.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you
           | think it means.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I want to see your slide deck and presentation about getting
           | the Big Mundane Telescope approved. By want, I mean, would
           | never
        
         | quchen wrote:
         | https://xkcd.com/1294/ :-)
        
         | jxcl wrote:
         | Tom Scott has a great video about why the ELT is already likely
         | the largest telescope that will ever be built
         | https://youtu.be/QqRREz0iBes?si=tC3Py0W6vqXbZAbq
        
           | pennomi wrote:
           | I didn't have time to watch yet, but did he take into
           | consideration lunar crater telescopes? I always thought that
           | would be an excellent reason to establish a lunar base.
        
           | spacemark wrote:
           | Ever is a very long time.
        
         | ithkuil wrote:
         | LLT (ludicrously large telescope)
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | There's always Plaid beyond Ludicrous:-(
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | BFT
           | 
           | (I let you guess, but that's a close cousin of the BFG)
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | big friendly telescope?
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | The 'F' is silent, as I put it when explaining what RTFM
             | meant to an elderly relative.
        
               | askonomm wrote:
               | Haha that's actually really clever!
        
         | Paddywack wrote:
         | Is this a possible solution? Gravitational lense telescope?
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/NQFqDKRAROI?feature=shared
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | ELT Pro Max
        
           | scrlk wrote:
           | "This is the best telescope we've ever made, and we think
           | you're gonna love it!"
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | If only telescopes were being built with significant
             | improvements on a yearly basis. Instead, we have words like
             | decadal project which indicates just how slowly they are
             | brought about.
        
               | gammarator wrote:
               | Complain to your congressperson!
        
             | Yizahi wrote:
             | Our 8 meter mirror is essentially the same as others 16
             | meter mirrors.
        
         | benburleson wrote:
         | I used to work in the telescope world. Our organization
         | acquired another organization that was working on NGAT: Next
         | Generation Astronomical Telescope. At the time, we were also
         | working on newer telescope models, and I joked about what we
         | would name those...
         | 
         | I guess astronomers, like programmers, are just bad at naming
         | things.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I actually really like names in the astronomy world. NGC
           | 1832-456.382 really knock my socks off.
           | 
           | When they are not using boring names like that, the astro
           | world does have some great names. It lets us know humans were
           | involved in the naming. From the acronyms to the super
           | superlative names, they have a bit of personality to them.
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | it was named OWL (overwhelmingly large telescope) when the
         | project was to have a 100m diameter telescope. so I think there
         | are still some years before we run out of words :)
        
         | captainbland wrote:
         | Ah, see that's when we start swapping the second and third
         | terms for things that imply even larger sizes. And then we can
         | even go up to the inconceivably colossal quettascope.
        
         | nimbius wrote:
         | we will have to move from real names based on conceptual
         | understanding into the theoretical.
         | 
         | 'this thing is giant (you wont believe what happens next)'
         | 
         | 'nobody expected it to be this big (you have to see it)'
         | 
         | 'mr beast trapped in HERE for 8 weeks (cant plant any trees)'
        
           | johndunne wrote:
           | The 'you won't believe how big the next telescope is'
           | telescope. Seriously though, I think meta materials could end
           | up creating a new field of optical telescopic lenses over the
           | next few decades.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | Infinitely Large Telescope would be larger than the
         | Inconceivably Large Telescope.
        
         | bandyaboot wrote:
         | Perhaps ISO could create a standardized list of "large"
         | adjectives. Whenever a new telescope is built, it takes over
         | the appropriate adjective and the existing ones are moved down
         | accordingly. The one that gets bumped off the list gets turned
         | into an aviary (after removing the mirror of course).
         | 
         | Edit: come to think of it, mirrors are probably safe right? The
         | birds will stop to avoid flying into the other bird.
        
       | obblekk wrote:
       | Now that it's been operational for a while, I would love to see
       | an analysis of the James Webb to determine if there's diminishing
       | knowledge returns to size.
       | 
       | I worry a bit the cost of something like this may be better spent
       | on other space exploration efforts which will yield more
       | knowledge.
       | 
       | For instance, voyager 3?
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | I would say nothing comes close to the sheer detail of the
         | universe porn that Webb gives us. It's one money-shot after
         | another.
         | 
         | As far as astonishing tech goes, Webb charts hard.
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | A Voyager mission only tells us about things in our solar
         | system. A big telescope can tell us about the rest of the
         | universe.
        
       | marcyb5st wrote:
       | I am looking forward for when we can ship an aragoscope to space.
       | I believe the tech is already there (actually simpler compared
       | JWST). A 1KM one could resolve Jupyter moons from 23 light years
       | away [1]. PBS has a great video regarding this [2].
       | 
       | I mean, shipping an origami of light and bendy material should be
       | easier than making an origami of super delicate mirrors that have
       | to be micrometers tolerances and be cooled to few K to operate.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nasa.gov/wp-
       | content/uploads/2017/03/2014_phase_i... Figure 17
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIASPc89Sgk
        
       | rereasonable wrote:
       | Careful, we might bump the skybox soon...
        
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