[HN Gopher] According to Plutarch, Julius Caesar was once captur...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       According to Plutarch, Julius Caesar was once captured by pirates
        
       Author : HiroProtagonist
       Score  : 150 points
       Date   : 2023-12-05 12:32 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.britannica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.britannica.com)
        
       | jdwyah wrote:
       | This is wild. I don't know about "great man" theory in general,
       | but that does sound extraordinary.
        
         | bogtog wrote:
         | The Roman Republic was steadily dying up to Caesar's reign. He
         | really was just the straw that broke the camel's back in terms
         | of its death, which was surely inevitable in the coming
         | decades. However, without Caeser, the conquest of Gual may have
         | been pushed back drastically?
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Didn't Caesar die in 44 BC, while the Roman empire peaked in
           | size in around 98 AD? i.e. it continued growing for 140 years
           | after his death?
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | GP was talking specifically about the republic, not about
             | the empire that came after.
        
             | Tao3300 wrote:
             | The Republic [?] The Empire
        
               | achenet wrote:
               | <insert Star Wars joke here>
        
             | throw_pm23 wrote:
             | I think they meant that the "Republic" as a form of
             | organization was dying, end being replaced by the "Empire",
             | a different form of organization which flourished
             | afterwards.
        
             | vivekd wrote:
             | I think he means the Republic (Roman democracy). The non
             | democratic Roman Empire would continue to on for some time
             | after that
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > democratic
               | 
               | Calling it a 'democracy' is a somewhat of a stretch
               | though (both according to modern and ancient
               | definitions). It was a weird (from a modern perspective)
               | form of a flawed direct democracy (the people's assembly
               | had absolute power in theory but passing any laws was
               | very difficult due to a dozen or so public officials
               | being able to effectively/directly veto any legislation).
               | Mixed with an unambiguously oligarchical executive branch
               | (all the top public official who controlled the army and
               | the treasury were elected by a tiny proportion of the
               | population).
               | 
               | It certainly wasn't democratic in the same sense as
               | Athens and some other Greek cities were (and afterall
               | Greek authors considered it to be a mixed system).
        
             | iav wrote:
             | OP was referring to the Roman Republic, the system of
             | government. The Roman Empire didn't begin until 27 BC,
             | shortly after Caesar.
        
           | lettergram wrote:
           | That conquest was brutal btw, estimates are that Rome killed
           | 1.5m combatants and 1m+ civilians enslaved / executed.
           | There's also that part where they just cut off the hands of
           | any fighting age males they came across for a while.
           | 
           | Really was closer to a genocide.
        
             | gentleman11 wrote:
             | A recent term for it is the Celtic genocide
        
               | decentomyous wrote:
               | As we've seen, genocide has become a recent term for
               | almost any kind of warfare. It used to have a much more
               | narrowly defined usage that was accordingly more
               | meaningful.
               | 
               | Caesar's goal in Gaul was certainly not the extermination
               | of its people or its culture. He wanted to pacify Gaul
               | and Germany, for his own glory, but also for very
               | legitimate self-defense reasons. And the Romans, as a
               | rule, were famously tolerant of other people's national
               | pride, customs, and religions.
               | 
               | And of course, the Gaul and German tribes were at least
               | as brutal to each other as Caesar was to them. The entire
               | region was filled with constantly warring tribes that
               | would often commit something much closer to actual
               | genocide. Caesar, and the later Romans, did a lot to
               | reduce this internecine warfare.
               | 
               | The reality of these kinds of events is a lot more
               | nuanced than a simple label like "genocide" will allow.
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > He wanted to pacify
               | 
               | I'm not sure pacify is the right word.
               | 
               | > but also for very legitimate self-defense reasons
               | 
               | Not really. By that point the Celts weren't as much of a
               | threat as they were 50-100+ years ago. If his goals were
               | primarily 'pacification' and 'self-defense' a much more
               | limited and cheaper campaign would've been more than
               | sufficient. In any case the Roman senate didn't really
               | consider the war to be necessary in that sense.
               | 
               | > Caesar, and the later Romans, did a lot to reduce this
               | internecine warfare. > commit something much closer to
               | actual genocide
               | 
               | That's a massive a stretch. Even the Romans themselves
               | understood that e.g. the "They Make a Desert and Call it
               | Peace" quote Tacitus put into into the mouth leaders of
               | one of the tribes subjugated by the Romans. The Roman
               | empire was almost entirely built on slave labor and
               | exhortation of the territories they subjugated.
               | 
               | It might have turned into something else in the later
               | periods (by the 1st and 1nd centuries AD). But the Romans
               | certainly did not really improve the lives of the people
               | the conquered during the Republican period.
               | 
               | > The reality of these kinds of events is a lot more
               | nuanced than a simple label like "genocide" will allow.
               | 
               | Well however you put it it was still an extremely violate
               | imperialist war of conquest. Of course yes, technically
               | it wasn't a genocide in the direct sense subjugating,
               | enslaving and stealing their stuff rather than
               | extermination were their primary goals.
        
               | OfSanguineFire wrote:
               | Caesar was brutal in Gaul, a mere part of the vast
               | Celtic-speaking world, and his campaign probably impacted
               | a decent amount of Proto-Basque or Para-Basque speakers
               | as well. Many historians and linguists prefer to see
               | "Celtic" as a linguistic distinction only and therefore
               | are reluctant to speak of "the Celtic people". If you
               | ever see anyone online write of "Celtic genocide", you
               | can be pretty sure that the person has little formal
               | training in this field and is going off of low-quality
               | pop-sci publications or pure internet amateurism.
        
             | decentomyous wrote:
             | "There's also that part where they just cut off the hands
             | of any fighting age males they came across for a while."
             | 
             | IIRC that was done in a single instance in order to try to
             | pacify Gaul while Caesar was about to be away invading
             | Britain.
        
             | qwytw wrote:
             | >Really was closer to a genocide.
             | 
             | Yes but that was a pretty ordinary occurrence in the
             | ancient world.
             | 
             | I don't think the Celts were that much nicer when they
             | invaded Greece a couple of hundred years earlier (or
             | Rome/Italy itself prior to that).
             | 
             | The Romans supposedly murdered up to half a million people
             | just during the siege of Carthage.
             | 
             | When Ceasar was ~12 the rebelling Greek kingdoms/cities
             | basically exterminated almost all the Italians living in
             | Asia Minor (~100k people). The amount of violence violence
             | committed in Gaul seems to be only unperrendented in the
             | sense that most generals weren't really successful enough
             | to be in a position to murder that many people compared to
             | Caesar.
        
           | 1980phipsi wrote:
           | Caesar was mostly following through with prior norm breaking.
           | 
           | That's why it is important to rebuke politicians in the mold
           | of Trump. You don't know who will follow him.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | The US has been gently crumbling under its own weight since
             | approximately 1970. You'd get more out of rebuking the
             | politicians who took the wealth of a pre-eminent superpower
             | then flubbed it. You might not like Trump. But the
             | generation of politicians that are being rebuked by the
             | voters who gave Trump power were outdone by literal
             | communists when it comes to creating wealth. The lion's
             | share of real growth from the last 30 years seems to have
             | been in Asia.
             | 
             | It is easier to follow "norms" when they don't involve
             | blowing a lot of money on foreign wars and with limited
             | results to show for it. It says a lot about how people rate
             | the last few decades that figureheads of that generation of
             | political leadership like Hilary Clinton or Joe Biden are
             | struggling mightily to outpoll Donald Trump. My read is
             | almost anyone with a record in office is unelectable. How
             | norms will survive that sort of failure is anyone's guess
             | (as is whether they should survive).
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _easier to follow "norms" when they don't involve
               | blowing a lot of money on foreign wars_
               | 
               | Ironic complaint on a Rome thread :).
               | 
               | Conquest is the history of civilisation. It took the
               | Industrial Revolution to make the "war a lot more
               | destructive (thus lowering returns to successful warfare)
               | while at the same time massively raising returns to
               | capital investment in things like infrastructure,
               | factories and tractors. It suddenly made more sense, if
               | you coveted your neighbors resources, to build more
               | factories and buy those resources than to try to seize
               | them by force" [1]. Instead, "states no longer ask if
               | they can profit through a war of conquest, but rather if
               | they'd spend less managing the disaster that a local
               | failed state is by invading versus trying to manage the
               | problem via aid or controlling refugee flows." To the
               | extent we engage in foreign wars, it's in that failed-
               | state management mode. (Iraq, what would have been the
               | geopolitical blunder of the century were it not for
               | Ukraine and Brexit, is the notable exception.)
               | 
               | > _lion 's share of real growth from the last 30 years
               | seems to have been in Asia_
               | 
               | In relative terms, yes. In aggregate terms, it's
               | surprisingly balanced--the U.S. growing at 3% and China
               | at 10% in 1990 roughly maintained their relative
               | economies. And since Xi, China's relative economic growth
               | has stalled (assuming official data are true) [2].
               | 
               | [1] https://acoup.blog/2023/06/09/fireside-friday-
               | june-9-2023/
               | 
               | [2] https://www.ft.com/content/c10bd71b-e418-48d7-ad89-74
               | c5783c5...
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > Ironic complaint on a Rome thread :).
               | 
               | The Romans were primitives. Individually very impressive
               | and for their time the society was incredible. But they
               | didn't have access to the level of knowledge we do these
               | days on how to create wealth and live comfortably. If
               | they'd spent less time on pointless wars and more time on
               | cheap energy, they too would have achieved better
               | results.
               | 
               | Turns out, amazingly, that at no point in history was
               | killing people and breaking stuff the path to long,
               | happy, comfortable and prosperous living. I can see why
               | nobody figured it out before the 1800s, but the fact is
               | we're looking back on the works of Adam Smith and modern
               | US politicians should know better. They do know better,
               | in fact. They persist with the waste, death and
               | destruction despite knowing better. And that is likely a
               | factor in the Trump phenomenon. The norms they've been
               | championing have had terrible consequences. China has
               | humiliated the west, an actual we-should-be-red-faced-
               | with-shame humiliation, by thriving peacefully. Why can't
               | the US manage that, hm? At least the Trump rhetoric is
               | consistent with the idea than the current political
               | norms.
        
               | antihipocrat wrote:
               | Isn't the USA being in the position it's in a
               | counterpoint to your argument that:
               | 
               | 'Turns out, amazingly, that at no point in history was
               | killing people and breaking stuff the path to long,
               | happy, comfortable and prosperous living.'
               | 
               | Surely it can be argued that the USA choosing to enter
               | WW2 when it did and help secure victory for the allies
               | placed the US government in an incredibly powerful
               | position when reconfiguring the global economy (in its
               | favor). The US dollar is still the world's reserve
               | currency and post war generations have lived incredibly
               | prosperously compared to their peers before the war
               | (perhaps this is now reversing).
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > Turns out, amazingly, that at no point in history was
               | killing people and breaking stuff the path to long,
               | happy, comfortable and prosperous living
               | 
               | Well to be fair for the upper class Romans it was exactly
               | that.
        
               | thsksbd wrote:
               | I wouldnt call an increasing GDP coupled with
               | deindustrialization "growth".
               | 
               | Growth in GDP for a country with a well respected
               | currency is trivial - increase government spending. Of
               | course, in the limit, that destroys your currency's
               | reputation... but then nominal GDP will grow at the
               | inflation rate at constant real GDP.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | > It says a lot about how people rate the last few
               | decades that figureheads of that generation of political
               | leadership like Hilary Clinton or Joe Biden are
               | struggling mightily to outpoll Donald Trump.
               | 
               | It has more to do with the calcification of most of the
               | electorate behind one or the other party.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | > The lion's share of real growth from the last 30 years
               | seems to have been in Asia.
               | 
               | There was far more opportunity for growth in China than
               | in the U.S. Rather, compare the U.S. to Europe, Japan,
               | and South Korea.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | > But the generation of politicians that are being
               | rebuked by the voters who gave Trump power were outdone
               | by literal communists when it comes to creating wealth.
               | 
               | The US has created more wealth over the past 10 or 20
               | years than China has.
               | 
               | US households have added roughly $72 trillion in net
               | wealth over just ten years (and that's just counting
               | households; excluding non-profits and corporations). It's
               | the greatest net wealth creation in human history for one
               | nation, surpassing anything China has done in a ten year
               | span.
               | 
               | Read that one more time. $72 trillion. Ten years.
               | 
               | US household wealth is at an extraordinary level at
               | present and holding despite very high interest rates.
               | Meanwhile China's housing market is a disaster and their
               | stock market hasn't net moved in 16 years (it's still
               | stuck where it was in eg 2007 and 2009).
               | 
               | Yeah but the US middle class is doing horribly and isn't
               | getting a share of that $72 trillion. The US median
               | individual wealth figure is now over $100,000. It's
               | higher than either Germany or Sweden. That's the median,
               | in a nation of 335 million people.
               | 
               | China will continue to wilt under Xi and the US and its
               | allies will continue to redirect their capital
               | investment.
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > The US median individual wealth figure is now over
               | $100,000. It's higher than either Germany or Sweden
               | 
               | To be fair you did pick some of the poorest "rich" West
               | European countries. A median French person is about 25%
               | richer than an America, a Briton by 40% and a Belgian by
               | about 240%.
               | 
               | Of course all of those wealth metrics come down to home-
               | ownership and inequality. Sweden for instance has one of
               | the highest levels of wealth inequality in the world and
               | even quite a bit higher than the US.
        
               | thsksbd wrote:
               | Obviously "wealth" went up by trillions of dollars. _we
               | flooded the system with said trillions of dollars_
               | 
               | But its all junk, fake wealth [1]. We cant even make
               | artillery shells for f^*^'s sake. Interest rates are
               | high, inflation is being tamed by selling the oil
               | reserves and collapsing demand.
               | 
               | [1] actually its not entirely fake. No matter how
               | pathetic a currency is, it's the metric of wealth. When
               | you pour printed banknotes onto a favored constituent
               | said constituent gets proportionally more money than the
               | rest of society.
        
           | rand1239 wrote:
           | So you are saying, Roman empire declining didn't require any
           | particular man but reviving it did require one??
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | I find the denialism around the great man theory somewhat
         | baffling. Does anyone really believe, just for one example,
         | that Apple computer would be what it is today without Steve
         | Jobs?
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | No, but I bet we would still have personal computers and
           | smart phones without Steve Jobs.
           | 
           | That's the argument against the "great man" idea. Sure,
           | specific events would not have happened without that person,
           | but the overall state of the world would not be drastically
           | different.
        
             | mongol wrote:
             | I think it can depend a lot. Political figures can have
             | long lasting impact. Consider Jesus. Or Napoleon, without
             | him Europe may have looked entirely different today. But
             | for general scientific progress I agree. Scientific
             | breakthroughs are bound to happen if enough people work on
             | them.
        
               | mFixman wrote:
               | The introduction of the potato and the invention of the
               | steam engine changed Europe several orders of magnitude
               | more than Napoleon or any other great man.
        
               | mongol wrote:
               | Yes sure, but that is not a counter argument. If James
               | Watt et al did not invent the steam engine, someone else
               | would
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | Didn't someone invent the telephone at roughly the same
               | time as A. G. Bell? For another example, in Japan Soddy's
               | Hexlet was described in 1822, while in the West it was
               | introduced in England in 1937.
        
               | DoughnutHole wrote:
               | The French were thrashing the coalition forces for 2
               | years before Napoleon led a major campaign. Napoleon was
               | a military genius, but what shifted the revolutionary
               | wars in the favour of the French was the revolutionary
               | goverments' innovation of total war - directing the
               | entire economy and population of the nation towards the
               | war with mass conscription and modern organisation. That
               | would have happened with or without Napolean, and it was
               | the social forces of the Revolution that made it possible
               | for a Corsican nobody to even become a general in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | Honestly the biggest argument for great man theory in the
               | French Revolution is Louis XVI - if he hadn't been quite
               | so indecisive and incompetent maybe the revolution would
               | have fizzled out or been crushed instead of spiralling
               | out of control.
        
               | mongol wrote:
               | > That would have happened with or without Napolean
               | 
               | I am not convinced
        
               | DoughnutHole wrote:
               | It's pretty hard to dispute that it happened _before_
               | Napoleon.
               | 
               | The levee en masse was implemented in 1793. Napoleon only
               | rose to prominence in 1796, by which point France had
               | already conquered the Low Countries and the Rhineland.
               | Napoleon wasn't running the show until 1799.
               | 
               | Revolutionary France was smashing the armies of the
               | monarchies of Europe for years before Napoleon seized
               | power.
        
               | isk517 wrote:
               | I've heard talk of the great idiot theory of history, and
               | I think it has merit. As many have pointed out, the great
               | men of history more often than not are channeling the
               | historical momentum of the time period, where there are
               | many chases of a extremely stable status quote being
               | shattered to pieces because one idiot couldn't keep it
               | running.
        
             | positr0n wrote:
             | I agree that most technological innovations, scientific
             | discoveries, and broad historical events associated with a
             | "great man" would have happened anyway if that person did
             | not exist.
             | 
             | Even Napoleon was very much a product of the times he lived
             | through as a young man.
             | 
             | But one specific person that in my opinion personally
             | changed world history in a drastic way was Lenin.
             | 
             | The history of the Bolsheviks rise to power is pretty
             | insane. Nobody thought they could seize power, and once
             | they got it, which was pretty much solely because of Lenin
             | browbeating them to commit at the moment they committed,
             | nobody thought they could hold on to it. And for good
             | reason.
             | 
             | If just a few things had gone slightly differently Russia
             | would have been governed by groups with different belief
             | systems than the communists.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: 100% armchair historian who's knowledge mostly
             | comes from a handful of podcasts. Hopefully someone will
             | correct me :)
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | Trying to "what if" Russian history without Lenin is
               | impossible, but I doubt Russia's overall century would be
               | drastically different without a Leninist government. Even
               | if you view the system as completely bad, spending 70
               | years under it still saw them develop at a similar rate
               | to the rest of Europe.
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > would be drastically different without a Leninist
               | government
               | 
               | It probably would've been drastically different had the
               | socialist-liberal coalition held on to power. It likely
               | would've been overthrown in a couple of years
               | politically/socially it would have still played out quite
               | differently (bolsheviks were pretty unique amongst
               | socialist group in their single mindedness, hatred of
               | democracy and support of totalitarianism and mass
               | terror).
               | 
               | > develop at a similar rate to the rest of Europe
               | 
               | Unless you were one of the subjugated Central/Eastern
               | European countries. Economically the gap between
               | Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia etc. and Western
               | European countries considerably wider in 1990 than it was
               | in the 1930s.
        
           | jhbadger wrote:
           | The issue with the "Great Man" idea of history is that it
           | doesn't take into account that people are created by history
           | more than they create history. the microcomputer revolution
           | was already going before Jobs and Wozniak showed up at the
           | Homebrew Computer Club. Somebody was going to turn this hobby
           | into a big business. If not them, somebody else.
        
             | decentomyous wrote:
             | Well, maybe. We just don't know how things would have
             | played out.
             | 
             | The safest assumption seems to be that people like Steve
             | Jobs and Steve Wozniak very significantly accelerated
             | progress.
             | 
             | But because of the way acceleration seems to kick of
             | revolutionary changes, it does seem fair to say they were
             | pretty 'Great' in terms of their impact.
             | 
             | For example, without them, maybe we would be in the 1990s
             | era of personal computing now, thirty years later. Or maybe
             | someone else would have done even better than them, and we
             | would be further along, but the latter is harder to
             | believe.
             | 
             | We'll simply never know the answer to these questions
             | because we can't run the counter-factual.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | The "if not them, then somebody else" premise is a fallacy
             | of guaranteed progress, when history overwhelmingly
             | demonstrates that progress is anything but guaranteed.
             | 
             | The computer revolution happened because a string of great
             | men and women made it happen. Unix and Linux very clearly
             | didn't have to happen (as they have) for example, and
             | certainly didn't have to happen in a way that was so
             | dramatically beneficial to the open source community.
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | The problem with this theory is that all of the "somebody
             | elses" were also there at the time, so if "somebody else"
             | was going to do it, why didn't they?
        
           | thsksbd wrote:
           | Apple wouldn't exist, but what of it? They didn't really
           | invent very much did they? They just implemented it very well
           | for a price point.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | Great man theory describes a real phenomena, it just gets the
         | causality backwards. With lots of people doing lots of things,
         | some are bound to do exceptional things. People who believe
         | they need strong leaders gravitate towards the noteworthy ones,
         | making it more likely that someone who has done exceptional
         | things end up with more power. The more power someone has the
         | more noteworthy acts they are likely to engage in. Then let
         | history forget all but the most noteworthy details, and you
         | have a history defined by great men.
        
       | artursapek wrote:
       | His entire biography is well worth a read.
        
         | wryun wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masters_of_Rome is an enjoyable
         | fictionalised account.
        
           | atticora wrote:
           | It's fascinating to see him through the eyes of Cicero's
           | slave Marcus Tullius Tiro in Robert Harris's Cicero Trilogy.
        
             | Eumenes wrote:
             | Love that series. Enjoy any easy historical fiction.
        
             | VagabundoP wrote:
             | +1 for anyone who hasn't read it. Get that fix asap.
             | 
             | Roberts wife completed the last novel based on his drafts
             | and notes, as he died before finishing it.
        
               | bloak wrote:
               | Sorry, I'm confused here! Who died before finishing what?
        
               | high_derivative wrote:
               | Are you thinking of Robert Jordan / The Wheel of Time?
               | Robert Harris is alive and writing
        
             | jbergknoff wrote:
             | Yeah, I found it very interesting how McCullough (Masters
             | of Rome) idolizes Caesar and holds Cicero in contempt, and
             | Harris is exactly the opposite.
        
               | NeoTar wrote:
               | It's funny how political figures from over two thousand
               | years ago can remain as divisive now as they were at the
               | time.
        
           | cdcarter wrote:
           | Came to the comments to make sure someone was recommending
           | these books. An incredibly enjoyable read.
        
       | hiq wrote:
       | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar:
       | 
       | > While travelling, he was intercepted and ransomed by pirates in
       | a story that was later much embellished. According to Plutarch
       | and Suetonius, he was freed after paying a ransom of fifty
       | talents and responded by returning with a fleet to capture and
       | execute the pirates. The recorded sum for the ransom is literary
       | embellishment and it is more likely that the pirates were sold
       | into slavery per Velleius Paterculus.
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | Something seems wrong there. The Paterculus reference seems to
         | specifically say that they _weren 't_ sold into slavery:
         | https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Velleius_...
         | 
         | > Well satisfied with the success of his [Julius Caesar] night
         | expedition he returned [p143] to his friends and, after handing
         | his prisoners into custody, went straight to Bithynia to
         | Juncus, the proconsul -- for the same man was governor of
         | Bithynia as well as of Asia -- and demanded his sanction for
         | the execution of his captives. When Juncus, whose former
         | inactivity had now given way to jealousy, refused, and said
         | that he would sell the captives as slaves, Caesar returned to
         | the coast with incredible speed and crucified all his prisoners
         | before anyone had had time to receive a dispatch from the
         | consul in regard to the matter.
        
           | bilgamesh wrote:
           | what's wrong is wiki editorship
        
             | gwern wrote:
             | Well, I left a comment there... Hopefully if there is
             | something left out which explains that, they'll add it.
        
       | rightbyte wrote:
       | Are there any ... non Ceasar sources for this event?
        
         | digitcatphd wrote:
         | This is the product of writing your own history ... The irony
         | is this is still going on today.
        
           | DayDollar wrote:
           | And then replaced by someone who rewrites the history of his
           | predecessor.. result a mad reign of madmen..
        
       | Luc wrote:
       | This account was originally written by Plutarch, who was more
       | interested in telling a good moralistic story than sticking to
       | the facts (of ~150 years before).
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | Plutarch's Parallel Lives is a great read though.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Plutarch is generally as reliable as his source material in the
         | sense that things he wrote happened, but not necessarily in the
         | way he tells them.
         | 
         | Plutarch selected the stories he told and modified them into
         | moralistic narratives, but he didn't completely make them up.
         | He is not reliable historian in modern sense, of course.
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | Sounds like today's "based on a true story"...
        
             | RajT88 wrote:
             | I have seen fiction outright stating, "This is a true
             | story" - i.e. Fargo, or the rather-less-good "The Sleep
             | Experiment". The former at least has great production
             | values and is actually taking inspiration from real events.
             | The latter is 110% made up.
        
               | ed wrote:
               | In the case of Fargo the cohen brothers chose to make a
               | movie in the "real crime story" genre, and that title
               | card sets the tone. Any overlap with actual crimes is
               | almost beside the point. (As a viewer this really bugs me
               | -- there is such a thing as truth!)
        
               | basch wrote:
               | The show also heavily plays with fable.
               | 
               | UFO sightings were a real common thing in Minnesota, so
               | in the show a real UFO comes, because it's people telling
               | the story as they saw it. The true part is that people
               | truly tell the stories, and in that sense, since they
               | told this story it truly is a true story.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | Stupid show. I watched the entire first season waiting
               | for the guy to turn out to be an alien and then I find
               | out it's in the second season and it's just a UFO
               | sighting.
        
               | basch wrote:
               | Did you watch the whole first season since I made my
               | comment? Or why did you think somebody was going to be an
               | alien in S01?
        
             | santiagobasulto wrote:
             | There's like a gradient of "truthiness" in movies that
             | ranges from "This is a true story" to "inspired by real
             | events" (which is the least reliable of all).
        
               | Taylor_OD wrote:
               | Well based on a true story has no real percentage of
               | trueness. Cocaine Bear is based on a true story. It might
               | be more correct to say inspired by a true story but it is
               | based on a true story.
               | 
               | Based on a true story just means someone somewhere said
               | something like this happened. Bloodsport is a great
               | example of a movie that is based on a true story but that
               | true story turned out to be entirely false.
        
             | metabagel wrote:
             | Paul Harvey's "The Rest of the Story". Stories that were
             | often too good to be true, because many of them weren't.
        
           | smitty1110 wrote:
           | Still puts him ahead of Herodotus. When Aristophanes takes
           | the time to write a whole play to mock you, you done goofed.
        
             | nverno wrote:
             | He was like the original historian, though. Everyone's a
             | critic.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | Thucydides is imo the original historian from that era.
               | Herodotus was much more of a storyteller
        
               | yawboakye wrote:
               | not to nitpick but originally a history was a
               | story/narrative, which inadvertently made the historian a
               | storyteller. herodotus remains unparalleled in that
               | sense, imo.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | Herodotus is also a good read.
        
               | smitty1110 wrote:
               | Great stories, but even in his day he was considered to
               | be factually incorrect. I'll grant that he makes for a
               | good read (his greek is certainly more engaging the
               | Xenophon), but if you read what he has to say about Cyrus
               | it's pretty obvious he's outright lying. This paragon of
               | rulers, after many years of good administration, is
               | suddenly going to act completely out of character and get
               | himself killed stupidly. And incidentally, Herodotus is
               | the ONLY ancient source that so much as mentions Tomyris,
               | full stop.
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | > but even in his day he was considered to be factually
               | incorrect
               | 
               | Some of what he said might have been and some parts
               | probably weren't.
               | 
               | > Cyrus it's pretty obvious he's outright lying
               | 
               | He was telling a story from the perspective of the (or
               | some of them) the Greeks might have seen. It's just as
               | likely to have been hearsay as outright intentional lies.
               | 
               | > And incidentally, Herodotus is the ONLY ancient source
               | that so much as mentions Tomyris, full stop
               | 
               | How many other ancient sources do we actually have on
               | some of the periods (especially related to Persia)
               | described by Herodotus? Also as far as we can tell the
               | narrative history or even Mesopotamian/Asyrian/Babylonian
               | style chronicles weren't really a thing in ancient Persia
               | so it's not inconceivable that he just wrote down one of
               | the oral stories coming from there (it probably wasn't
               | that clear to the Persians themselves what might have
               | happened to one of their previous rulers after a
               | generation or two).
               | 
               | Overall by the standards of ancient historians Herodotus
               | was probably above average.
        
           | yawboakye wrote:
           | plutarch admits when he's propagating folklore, or
           | unconfirmed history with moral tones. see for example his
           | narration of the encounter between solon and croesus. that
           | said let's not forget that history as understood by the
           | ancients were stories told for the purposes of education, not
           | a disinterested recording of facts.
        
           | maxverse wrote:
           | So, are we reading The Social Network of Caesar's life?
        
           | nemo wrote:
           | While this account comes from Plutarch, Suetonius also
           | relates the same story. Suetonius, of course, was much more
           | interested in a good story than any concept of truth and was
           | writing in roughly the same period as Plutarch relating tales
           | told and retold long after whatever original events there
           | were transpired.
        
         | Phoenix12052023 wrote:
         | It's probable that the story had a basis in truth-otherwise,
         | someone would have instantly used it against the young Caesar-
         | but grew in the telling. Caesar, as his commentaries show, was
         | no slouch at bolstering his own legend.
        
         | thisisauserid wrote:
         | I bet it's more accurate than if Caesar wrote it. Caesar's
         | account of the Gallic Wars is considered "prone to
         | exaggeration" at best.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, let's put Plutarch up there too. Thanks!
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Disagree. It impugns Plutarch for no reason. Otherwise, we
           | should put "according to" in front of all historical events?
        
             | dang wrote:
             | I thought it would be a nice way of getting Plutarch on
             | HN's front page
        
         | robviren wrote:
         | What is history, but a fable agreed upon?
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | Just for reference a talent was worth about 20 years wages. So
       | while comparing currency values across vast stretches of time is
       | inaccurate, it wouldn't be totally wrong to consider a talent
       | about $1 million in today's US dollars.
        
         | genman wrote:
         | Talent is told to be about 33 kg (or something between 20-40
         | kg). So indeed a talent of gold will be over $1 million today.
        
           | qwytw wrote:
           | It's silver though, so only about $26k (of course that's the
           | least accurate way to compare modern and ancient prices).
           | 
           | Gold wasn't that commonly used in the west back then.
        
             | genman wrote:
             | Thank you for pointing out that it was silver.
             | 
             | But the gold and silver had more equal value at the time so
             | direct comparison is not fair. In Roman times the silver
             | was valued around 10 times less than gold but today it is
             | around 100 times less valued.
             | 
             | From this perspective the better approach might be indeed
             | through labor as GP proposed but again how labor has been
             | valued over time has not been uniform and might not compare
             | to today.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | On the other hand you could buy about 1200 gallons of olive oil
         | which is less than $50,000 or 750 sheep which is might be about
         | $300,000.
         | 
         | Comparing modern/ancient prices get tricky.. To be fair though
         | a worker earning 2 drachma per day would be closer to a modern
         | person minimum wage worker (anyone back then who didn't own
         | land, wasn't a merchant or at least a skilled craftsmen was
         | dirt poor anyway). So if 1 drachma = $30 to $60 a talent would
         | be closer to around $180-360k
        
           | lelag wrote:
           | I think it's fair to argue than using modern value for goods
           | that you can produce more efficiently thanks to the
           | availability of cheap energy and phosphate is not really
           | fair.
           | 
           | 750 sheeps or 1200 gallons of olive oil were certainly worth
           | a fortune at the time, and owning that much would probably
           | have made you a very weathly person when owning 300K USD
           | today does not.
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | It's a bit of a tangent, but this reminds me of the Great
             | Canadian Maple Syrup Heist[1] which is a good example of
             | food commodity wealth in modern times.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Canadian_Maple_Sy
             | rup_H...
        
             | qwytw wrote:
             | > and owning that much would probably have made you a very
             | weathly person when owning 300K USD today does not.
             | 
             | I guess it depends on whether we want to measure relative
             | wealth to the rest of the society or what can you actually
             | buy with that money which would probably change the
             | valuation 10-100+ times.
             | 
             | This applies to goods rather than labor to a much higher
             | degree. Permanently owning the labour of 10 people working
             | 16 hours per days is worth a lot more today than 10 slaves
             | back then.
        
               | lelag wrote:
               | > This applies to goods rather than labor to a much
               | higher degree. Permanently owning the labour of 10 people
               | working 16 hours per days is worth a lot more today than
               | 10 slaves back then.
               | 
               | Yes, but that's also because of the productivity increase
               | linked to the cheap energy and phosphate supply brought
               | by fossil fuels.
               | 
               | If cheap energy stop being available and human labour
               | become again the main driver of economic output, you can
               | bet that slavery will soon come back in fashion...
        
         | RecycledEle wrote:
         | A talent was a weight. Assuming it was of silver, a talent of
         | silver would be worth about $19,500 today.
        
       | gumballindie wrote:
       | > In the 1st century BCE the Mediterranean Sea had a crime
       | problem. Specifically, it had a pirate problem.
       | 
       | The only thing that changed is that instead of capturing hostages
       | the pirates are smuggling people.
        
       | murat124 wrote:
       | > In 75 BCE a band of Cilician pirates in the Aegean Sea captured
       | a 25-year-old Roman nobleman named Julius Caesar, who had been on
       | his way to study oratory in Rhodes.
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure that nobleman was named Gaius Julius and that's
       | how he introduced himself.
        
         | throwaway13547 wrote:
         | "Roman men were usually known by their praenomina to members of
         | their family and household, clientes and close friends; but
         | outside of this circle, they might be called by their nomen,
         | cognomen, or any combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen
         | that was sufficient to distinguish them from other men with
         | similar names."
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > or any combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that
           | was sufficient to distinguish them from other men with
           | similar names.
           | 
           | Even Julius Caesar's full name including all three parts
           | would not be helpful in distinguishing him from many of the
           | other men in his family.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | Ceasar is basically a family name though. I don't think there
         | were that many Julii left at this point? So it might not have
         | been that confusing. However if you were Publius/Lucius
         | Cornelius on the other hand there were probably a dozen other
         | Roman aristocrats with the same name at any given time.
        
           | orangepanda wrote:
           | He wasnt even the only Julius Caesar elected as Consul in
           | that decade
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Julius_Caesar_(consul_6.
           | ..
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | 'Caesar' was not then a title. It became a title because of
         | him.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title)
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | I can't help but think of these guys:
       | https://americaexplained.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/asterix...
        
       | grammers wrote:
       | This reads like a true adventure story. I'd be curious to know
       | how much is true and how much was added to the facts.
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | Expected that's he'd mercy pirates as he had a good time with
       | them
        
       | gregw134 wrote:
       | The Historia Civilis series on Youtube has some excellent videos
       | on Roman history:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/@HistoriaCivilis
        
       | woudsma wrote:
       | I wish this was an episode in the 'Rome' (HBO - 2005) series.
       | It's a great watch nonetheless.
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | The intro theme was pretty good as well. One of HBO's greatest
         | for sure.
        
       | Jeff_Brown wrote:
       | There's something otherworldy to me about the psychology of a
       | violent criminal. To do violent crime is to make a lot of people
       | very angry, and yet the majority of violent criminals seem not to
       | run very far away as soon as they've committed a violent crime.
        
         | aalimov_ wrote:
         | In some cases there has been recorded evidence of physiological
         | differences (like a growth in the brain or a lack of
         | development in some brain regions, reduced grey matter - as
         | compared to non violent criminals) that have been found in some
         | violent criminals.
        
       | rabbits_2002 wrote:
       | According to Wikipedia its more likely they were enslaved than
       | crucified
        
       | mareko wrote:
       | That's a lot of silver. 50 talents could be up to 1800kg in
       | silver.
        
         | Balgair wrote:
         | That would be ~0.17 m3 of volume, ~ 6 ft3, or about a 45 gallon
         | drum.
         | 
         | A picture of such a drum:
         | http://joslebel.com/en/catalog/plastic-drums/plastic-drums-t...
         | 
         | That's ... actually a _lot_ of silver.
        
       | sebastiennight wrote:
       | I find it fascinating that even when one manages to spend a whole
       | day without thinking of the Roman Empire, somehow
       | "HiroProtagonist on HN" finds a way to slip you a quick reference
       | onto the homepage. Just to make sure.
        
         | rat87 wrote:
         | He has time to post about the Roman empire on him but not time
         | to deliver my pizza apparently
        
       | jdthedisciple wrote:
       | Sounds like fantasy
        
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       (page generated 2023-12-05 23:01 UTC)