[HN Gopher] Cicadas are so loud, fiber optic cables can 'hear' them
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       Cicadas are so loud, fiber optic cables can 'hear' them
        
       Author : nixass
       Score  : 204 points
       Date   : 2023-12-02 17:11 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wired.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wired.com)
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | First time we traveled to Texas when I was a young lad, and we
       | heard cicadas, they were very close to us and I thought it was a
       | vacuum cleaner.
        
         | lacrimacida wrote:
         | Cicadas make different sounds, in my area hard to confuse with
         | anything else. Here's a video(1) with various samples of
         | cicadas. Was any of these sounding like a vacuum cleaner?
         | 
         | (1)-https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=thbgObpfoNs
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | When you have no concept of insects being able to make that
           | much noise, the brian just maps it to something else. When
           | you're familiar with them, you can pick out the patterns in
           | the frequencies and the ebb and flow, when you're first
           | exposed to it it's just generic _loud_.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | That was exactly it.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | It was that sound but it was right next to my head,
           | camouflaged by the tree it was occupying. I had no idea what
           | it was and didn't detect its visible presence. I assumed it
           | was many feet away. Wasn't for days that I understood it was
           | an insect.
        
         | pbj1968 wrote:
         | We used to call them locusts in Texas. I still miss it. Yes, I
         | know they aren't locusts. We're all suburban tv babies sharing
         | the same accent these days.
        
           | jhot wrote:
           | They were called locusts in my area as well. Wasn't until
           | college zoology that I learned we were calling them the wrong
           | thing.
           | 
           | Anyways, I had a dog that would watch from the back porch and
           | when he saw one flying low across the back yard would run out
           | and catch it out of mid air. The things would be flapping and
           | croaking about until they were crushed mid-swallow. It was a
           | gross but impressive feat to behold.
        
             | BenjiWiebe wrote:
             | I grew up calling them zeezer-bugs. Or cicadas if you
             | wanted to be fancy.
        
           | 1letterunixname wrote:
           | My grandmother in N TX called them that too. They're cicadas
           | and they're damn loud. Since 1980, all grasshopper species
           | remaining in N America are too rare now to enter a gregarious
           | phase.
        
         | RowanH wrote:
         | New Zealander checking in - our February (summer) is insane if
         | you're close to certain types of bush. Deafening. Not sure if
         | it was in the article (paywalled) but the little mofos can get
         | up to 100db. There's a good couple of weeks I avoid the bush
         | for sure.
        
           | boyter wrote:
           | We had a big year for them in 2021 in Australia. I was
           | testing an Apple Watch at the time and since exercise was one
           | of the reasons at that time to be allowed out I went for bush
           | walks in my local area.
           | 
           | In quite a few areas the noise was so loud the watch informed
           | me I was going to damage my hearing if I remained in the
           | area.
        
         | 1letterunixname wrote:
         | When I first heard them, I thought some power lines were
         | damaged.
        
       | ctoth wrote:
       | Wonder what else you could use this sensing capability for ...
       | 
       | It sounds like you can turn any arbitrary underground fiber into
       | a microphone with a certain sensitivity.
        
         | foobarbecue wrote:
         | Yes, you can. This was first used by the Navy to record /
         | detect submarines, many decades ago.
         | 
         | You can also use the cable for distributed temperature sensing
         | (some of my research used this).
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#Fiber-optic
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | They're definitely used to detect earthquakes and such.
        
         | ccakes wrote:
         | FibreSense have commercialised hardware and software that does
         | just this in an insane amount of detail, it's very cool
         | 
         | https://fibersense.com/
         | 
         | Not affiliated, just a fan
        
         | imposterr wrote:
         | Lots! https://lunainc.com/solutions
        
         | thsksbd wrote:
         | Gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetic field sensors
        
         | _kb wrote:
         | There's a network under Melbourne [0] that's in use for
         | research what's possible for city scale sensing. Seems to be an
         | option for seismology, traffic, rainfall, drainage etc.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.rmit.edu.au/research/centres-
         | collaborations/mult....
        
         | RowanH wrote:
         | I was listening to a YouTube ( I think it was 60 minutes of all
         | things ) where volcanologists are burying them deep down in
         | icelandic volcanoes to help detect when volcanoes might blow.
         | Sensing the underground magma movement..
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | Apart from fireflies and mantises, cicadas are one of my favorite
       | insects.
       | 
       | The sound of cicadas is a hallmark of summer. Whether you're
       | inside or outside, it envelops the senses and recalls the
       | nostalgia of endless childhood summers and adventure.
       | 
       | I'm looking forward to Brood XIX [1] hatching next year in
       | Atlanta. It should me amazing.
       | 
       | I'm hoping to see the synchronous fireflies [2] next year.
       | Together with the total solar eclipse, there's a lot of good
       | nature and science to take in.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood_XIX
       | 
       | [2] https://www.firefly.org/synchronous-fireflies.html
       | 
       | [3] https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-
       | eclipses/eclipse-20...
        
         | halfmatthalfcat wrote:
         | Definitely relate to this - quintessential summer sound and
         | almost relaxing at this point. They're some dumb insects
         | though, run into anything and everything.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | How do their noise compare to crickets?
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | Subjectively: cicadas are louder but far less annoying.
        
           | brainbag wrote:
           | I enjoy the sound of crickets and cicadas (which are much
           | louder) except for the one particular kind of cicadas we get
           | occasionally in Texas that make a singular unwavering high
           | pitched ambient buzzing sound, like the whine of an old tv
           | cranked to 11, coming from everywhere. It's a horribly
           | unpleasant sound, but thankfully they don't stick around
           | long. The other cicada sounds are nice.
        
           | I_Am_Nous wrote:
           | Crickets chirp (mostly a single kind of chirp) while Cicadas
           | grind. The grinding lasts for half a minute or so, and they
           | rhythmically pulsate the frequency, ending in a descending
           | slowing of the grinding. Like a long
           | WEEEEhoooWEEEEhoooWEEEEEeeee...
        
             | 1letterunixname wrote:
             | Cicadas sound like a defective transformer.
        
               | I_Am_Nous wrote:
               | For clarification, are you meaning an electrical
               | transformer or a Transformer robot? Because I can imagine
               | both being possible lol
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Or a multi-attention head with skip connections
        
           | bhk wrote:
           | Something like comparing a whisper to a jet engine, at least
           | when there is a big brood.
           | 
           | https://housegrail.com/how-loud-is-cicada-in-decibels/
        
       | hristov wrote:
       | Fiber cable can actually be a very good sensor. Some light gets
       | reflected back from the most minute bends of the cable. By
       | sensing reflections and comparing them with previous reflections
       | you can see whether the cable has experienced any new bends. By
       | timing the arrival of reflections you can calculate exactly where
       | the new bends are. By sensing the intensity of reflections you
       | can calculate how sharp the bend is.
       | 
       | And this is not a research project anymore. Well, the fiber the
       | article talks about is a research project, but there is a company
       | called luna innovations that sells production fiber sensors that
       | operate in commercial environments. There are underground fibers
       | that sense whether someone steps in a restricted area. There are
       | fibers stuck to pipelines that sense whether someone is trying to
       | drill a hole in the pipeline to steal some oil (or any other
       | vibrations or ruptures). There are fibers glued to the undersides
       | of bridges that sense whether the bridge vibrates and bends too
       | much.
       | 
       | It is a very useful sensor, because you can essentially get
       | sensing along a large area without paying for multiple sensors
       | and trying to figure out how you are going to power them, how
       | they are going to communicate back, etc.
       | 
       | The electronics for extracting data from the fiber are complex
       | but they do not have to be out in the wild in the area being
       | sensed, they can be safely housed at one end of the fiber.
        
         | isaacdl wrote:
         | I've had a fiber line for residential internet buried in my
         | yard. At one point it stopped working and a tech was able to
         | pinpoint the exact location that it had a slight kink using a
         | device that measured the reflection. They just dug up that
         | section with hand tools to unkink it.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | Yup-- an optical time domain reflectometer.
           | 
           | Though TDRs are in common use for copper cable, too. You send
           | the pulse down the line and get a reflection back. They're a
           | little worse than optical ones because there's more
           | uncertainty of the speed pulses travel down a random network
           | cable than a piece of optical fiber.
        
             | I_Am_Nous wrote:
             | They make some really cool in-line OTDRs these days, but
             | the one we use was about $10k I believe and it's had a
             | broken screen for years. Still works if you plug a mouse
             | in!
        
             | hunter2_ wrote:
             | Does varying twist rate contribute to that uncertainty? I
             | imagine that a cable with a high twist rate is slower
             | because the twist means the individual conductors are
             | longer (maybe just by a couple percent) than one with a
             | lower twist rate. And if the test equipment isn't
             | configured for the pinout scheme being used (A vs B) then
             | it might not even be pulsing a single pair at a time (each
             | pair has a different twist rate) although perhaps that
             | issue is automatically avoided.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > Does varying twist rate contribute to that uncertainty?
               | 
               | Yes, but beyond the effect that you're saying. The
               | distance between conductors affects speed down the cable.
               | Tighter twisting also changes the distance and the amount
               | of dielectric around, which also varies speed of
               | propagation.
               | 
               | These effects can be massive; a typical cat 7 cable has a
               | velocity factor of 80% of the speed of light, varying by
               | a couple of percent; a cat 5e cable more is often more
               | like 65%. If you launch a pulse into a mess of mixed
               | wiring to find out where something is unplugged or cut,
               | you could be off by 20% or more.
        
           | shpx wrote:
           | How does a cable develop a kink while it's buried?
        
             | isaacdl wrote:
             | I don't know, but it happened relatively quickly (within a
             | few days) of initial installation. I suspect either
             | settling soil or animal activity.
        
               | type0 wrote:
               | > or animal activity
               | 
               | more likely tree roots hugging it
        
         | thsksbd wrote:
         | A professor I knew would measure temperature and gas species
         | along the entire length of a fiber at refractory temperatures.
         | 
         | Fibers are incredibly accurate devices
        
           | nimish wrote:
           | All of modern technology owes its origin to measuring light
           | precisely. Optics is an ancient science. It's quite low tech,
           | surprisingly so.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | I worked for a local IT contractor in a small Midwestern city
         | 10 years ago. We had a handheld Fluke TDR device in the truck,
         | for locating fiber breaks.
        
           | thrtythreeforty wrote:
           | I wouldn't be surprised if the Fluke cost as much as the
           | truck.
        
             | jes wrote:
             | "If you drop your DVM and it still works, it's a Fluke."
        
         | acidburnNSA wrote:
         | We use similar sensors in test flow loops to see how prototype
         | electrically heated nuclear fuel rods jiggle.
        
         | aaviator42 wrote:
         | It's insane how cool humans are to be coming up with this
         | insane stuff.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > there is a company called luna innovations that sells
         | production fiber sensors
         | 
         | Luna is the current front, but acquired the technology from
         | Optasense [0] relatively recently. There is a good timeline of
         | Optasense commercial development in the fibre optic sensing
         | domain at [1], going back to 2007, when Optasense was spun off
         | from QinetiQ, which was itself the commercial spin-off (in
         | 2001) from the UK's Defence and Evaluation Research Agency.
         | This timeline illustrates the wide range of application areas,
         | including pipeline and railway monitoring, border surveillance,
         | drilling seismology, deep sea and others.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.optasense.com/
         | 
         | [1] https://www.optasense.com/about-us/company-background/
        
         | azepoi wrote:
         | I know of several compagnies in europe that do geophysical
         | monitoring of dikes levees and dams with optical fibers
        
         | fpierfed wrote:
         | Indeed and fiber cables are used to sense distant earthquakes
         | as well. They are a very good sensor network.
        
       | ofslidingfeet wrote:
       | > It could lead to a new way of monitoring insects.
       | 
       | Hm!
        
       | cperciva wrote:
       | Remember, keep Cicadas away from your hard drives.
        
       | irrelative wrote:
       | (slightly) less pop science version: fiber optic cables are so
       | sensitive, they can even detect the sounds of cidadas.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | The cicadas can't be heard any more where I live.
       | 
       | When I was a kid they were so loud your ears buzzed.
       | 
       | It makes me very sad that we have ruined the eden that was the
       | earth.
        
         | lukas099 wrote:
         | We haven't completely ruined it. Build native habitat in your
         | yard, be vocal about your concerns, donate to land preservation
         | and get involved in your local politics and you can make a huge
         | difference.
        
         | latentcall wrote:
         | Yes but we get a new iPhone every year! The Internet can write
         | poems for us! We have electric cars! Who needs God's green
         | Earth when we can have...stuff! /s
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | In so many parts of the world that part of Cyberpunk is
           | already true: _everything_ is human made, even the plants and
           | animals are purpose bred. You can live a life where the only
           | natural thing you ever see is the grass between street
           | pavement.
        
         | weregiraffe wrote:
         | >It makes me very sad that we have ruined the eden that was the
         | earth.
         | 
         | Are you the Platitude Man? I think I just died of cringe.
        
         | Lamad1234 wrote:
         | I saw them for the first time in West Virginia in the summer
         | 2016!! It was freaking surreal, the noise, the smell of dead
         | ones, you'd imagine they made some places slippery to walk on!!
         | They look very intimidating but were very harmless!!
        
         | Mtinie wrote:
         | You are welcome to join us in Northern Virginia in the summer
         | if you'd like to experience the halcyon days of cicadas you
         | remember.
         | 
         | On the plus side, they compete with my tinnitus and make it far
         | less noticeable.
        
           | brightlancer wrote:
           | I heard them once in a Maryland suburb of DC: there were so
           | many that it was just a constant whine in the background,
           | unlike what I've heard elsewhere.
           | 
           | Thankfully I was just passing through or it would've given me
           | a headache.
        
         | jjeaff wrote:
         | While you usually will hear a few cicadas every summer, they
         | are all normally on a 13 or 17 year cycle. You may simply live
         | in an area that is in the middle of a cycle. when that 13 or 17
         | year mark hits, you will likely hear them everywhere again. You
         | can look up the "brood" cycle for your area online.
        
           | Shatnerz wrote:
           | There are also plenty of annual cicadas in North America,
           | which I assume you are talking about NA with the 13 and 17
           | year brood cycles. While not nearly as loud as the broods,
           | annual cicadas have always been a sure sign of the seasons. I
           | have always considered the end of summer when the cicadas
           | stop singing. They become such a constant background noise
           | that it is easy to forget that they are even there if you
           | have lived in the area for awhile.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Cicadas ruin my sesame seeds for my burger king so I'm find
         | with that
        
       | quantisan wrote:
       | I worked with Fiber Bragg grating [1] technology in the 2000s,
       | exploring its applications in diverse fields. This included
       | biomedical applications, where a fibre optic cable inserted
       | inside a catheter measured temperature and pressure at specific
       | points within a person's body. And in deep oil drilling, where
       | the same fibre optic cable could extend kilometers down a well.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_Bragg_grating
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Neat, but I think it's a bit gross to use the same cable for a
         | catheter that you used in an oil well.
        
       | softfalcon wrote:
       | We did this at Pure Technologies (now Xylem) running fibre cables
       | over infrastructure to listen for wire breaks in underground
       | pipes, and on bridges to listen for micro-fractures in the
       | concrete structure and steel cabling.
       | 
       | The analysis and install was called "AFO Analyst" [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.xylem.com/en-us/products--services/pipeline-
       | asse...
        
       | inasio wrote:
       | No kidding about cicadas being loud. We were in the south of
       | France earlier this year and it's incredible how much of the
       | soundscape is dominated by the cicadas. I have no idea if it was
       | just a couple or a couple billion, but it seemed to just come
       | from everywhere above us
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | Some people don't like the sound of cicadas but I _love_ them.
         | My little piece of paradise on earth is on the french riviera
         | and it is full of italian stone pine trees [1] and there are
         | lots of cicadas.
         | 
         | I go there since I was kid and I actually lived there for a
         | while (my kid went to school there). Many of our little family
         | movies (the ones we now all film with our phones) have noisy
         | cicadas in the background.
         | 
         | At times there has been years without cicadas (I think due to a
         | terribly harsh winter and the weird/long cicadas lifecycles)
         | and I was dearly missing them.
         | 
         | It's become a Pavlovian conditioning to me: I hear cicadas in a
         | movie and I want to be there!
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_pine
        
       | ptek wrote:
       | 56k dialup, here we go again. I still have a external USR 56k
        
       | reubenmorais wrote:
       | A few years ago I went to a party in Brazil during cicada season.
       | The event happened in a country club, surrounded by coffee farms
       | stretching over the hills around us, and fencing the club itself
       | was a line of tall eucalyptus trees. The stage was huge, maybe
       | three thousand people dancing under the tent. The sound was as
       | always insanely loud, four massive stacks, two main and two
       | delays. A huge wall of subwoofers, maybe 10 meters wide.
       | 
       | As you walked from under the tent to the corners of the country
       | club, under the eucalyptus trees, the cicadas would slowly become
       | audible, then loud, then completely overpower the soundsystem,
       | which blew my mind at the time, considering we weren't really
       | that far away from the speakers.
       | 
       | In a way even though the cicadas are themselves extremely loud,
       | it created a little chill sound bubble around the event, because
       | their sound somehow still feels like nature, and was definitely
       | more pleasant than the leftover sounds of far away speakers.
        
         | tonyarkles wrote:
         | This fall I was in Iowa and had to pick up a coworker at the
         | airport in Des Moines. I was sitting in the cellphone lot and
         | as the sun started to set this crazy noise started picking up.
         | It sounded like it was almost... spinning in a circle around
         | the airport. The direction seemed to be constantly moving. For
         | a while I thought it was one of those noise generators that
         | were meant to annoy teenagers. We got back to Ames and I
         | started hearing the same noise in the hotel parking lot. I have
         | no idea what compelled me to think "cicadas" but as soon as I
         | googled it I confirmed that that's what it was. Crazy crazy
         | little creatures!
         | 
         | Had a similar experience around dusk earlier this year when I
         | started thinking that I was having vision problems. I kept
         | seeing all of these weird little sparkles of light out in a
         | corn field. Sure enough, fireflies!
        
       | rpozarickij wrote:
       | It turns out that when you Google "cicada", there's a speaker
       | button near the Wikipedia card in the top right corner which
       | allows you to play the sound of cicadas from within the search
       | results page.
        
       | aatd86 wrote:
       | So a transducer? Hmmh I think I remember a potential usage in oil
       | pipelines as pointed out by someone above.
       | 
       | Puts the expression "cable leaks" into perspective lol /jk
       | 
       | Anyway, interesting.
        
       | Xorakios wrote:
       | Random goofball aside, but cicadas erupted at my graduation from
       | Princeton 1987 and it was so loud a couple times it truly was
       | hard to hear each other.
        
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