[HN Gopher] Modern automotive electronics will lead to a mechani...
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       Modern automotive electronics will lead to a mechanical revolution
       [video]
        
       Author : walterbell
       Score  : 57 points
       Date   : 2023-12-02 03:14 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | tw04 wrote:
       | Just, no. A taillight short doesn't cause the radio not to work
       | because of canbus. I have no idea what this nonsense is doing
       | here but a guy advocating for carbureted ICE engines because
       | "computers and electronics bad" in 2023 shouldn't be take
       | seriously on this site of all places.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I can easily imagine how that particular fault could occur. So
         | I wouldn't rule out this particular complaint without having a
         | thorough look at the schematic of the vehicle involved to see
         | through what pathways the CAN bus or the radio itself (usually
         | on a separate bus, but not always) could be drawn high or low.
         | That's the problem with a bus: if you force it low or high
         | that's effectively a denial-of-service.
         | 
         | I've had a case recently where a radio locked up hard because
         | of a CAN bus issue that had nothing to do with the radio at
         | all... (2005 MB CLS). That was quite the headscratcher and it
         | took multiple people with a lot of gear to debug the problem to
         | the point that we figured out what the culprit was (a little
         | box on the main CAN bus embedded quite far away from the radio
         | that apparently controlled the power to the console portion).
        
           | pvg wrote:
           | _That 's the problem with a bus: if you force it low or high
           | that's effectively a denial-of-service._
           | 
           | This obviously doesn't always happen in reality but CAN is
           | supposed detect/deal with that - pegged bus should be
           | detectable, bad nodes are supposed to float, etc.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | In the presence of moisture and a pulsed LED driver all
             | bets are off.
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | CANbus is on the way out. The future of networking in cars is
           | Ethernet. A proper switched network with TSN [1] can
           | dramatically cut down on the amount of copper in the car
           | while increasing bandwidth and reliability.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-Sensitive_Networking
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | My car has a regular good old wiring hardness to the rear
             | lights and there isn't any electronics in there. For
             | increased reliability.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | It can and does. I had a 2021 Ford Transit with a non working
         | front passenger turn signal. I figured at best maybe a bad
         | assembly, at worst, maybe something was up with lighting
         | module.
         | 
         | Nope. Turns out the light shorted and killed my cluster while
         | it was at it. It was under warranty so no cost there, but it
         | would've easily set me back almost $2k for parts and labor.
         | 
         | I work on cars a lot, and if I wasn't a software engineer, I'd
         | be a mechanic (I'm actually going to be opening a restoration
         | shop in the next few years). Basically every system on the CAN
         | bus is integrated with every other system and even if they
         | aren't, there is a ton of cross pollination of systems you'd
         | never expect.
         | 
         | That same van had a feature that would turn down the a/c blower
         | if you received a phone call so as to not be too loud. Neat
         | feature but i was just counting the days before that somehow
         | cause my radio, a/c or car control module to go belly up.
        
         | blastersyndrome wrote:
         | ...but that _is_ what happened. Ford designed a car that
         | bricked itself if that failure mode occurred. Whether it was
         | born out of malice or incompetence does not matter.
        
       | TaylorAlexander wrote:
       | I remember watching this video a few months ago. As I write this
       | I am debugging open source electronics I designed for our open
       | source farming robot.
       | 
       | It seems like people see the growth in opaque proprietary
       | electronics and they conclude that we should move back to old
       | mechanical systems. But mechanical systems are not always more
       | reliable.
       | 
       | What I really want more people to understand is that electronics
       | are not the issue - proprietary designs are. Open source designs
       | inherently have enough documentation that even if they don't come
       | with some nice service manual, the nerds on the user forum can
       | dig through the schematics and code to sort out what's what.
       | 
       | Unfortunately open source hardware just isn't getting enough
       | coverage for people to really see the value in it, despite the
       | entire internet being built on open source software. We need to
       | find ways to communicate the power of open source beyond
       | software. We could have open source modules in cars with open
       | standards. Sure the manufacturers need a rugged PCB that can
       | control lights, read sensors, interact with CAN BUS, etc. But
       | there is no need for that system to be proprietary. We need to
       | build and demonstrate the value of open source hardware to help
       | people understand what is really possible. Because the call to
       | move back to mechanical systems is really just a call to move
       | back to systems that are intuitively understandable, and today's
       | shadetree mechanics can read a forum post as well as anyone else.
       | What we need are open, documented systems. Electronics are not
       | the enemy, proprietary systems are.
        
         | artificialLimbs wrote:
         | Say what you will about Musk, but he's making an effort in this
         | regard. He has open sourced a number of goodies with Tesla.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | Um, last I checked, the repository was a bunch of PDF user
           | manuals.
           | 
           | Has that changed?
        
           | conradev wrote:
           | Isn't Tesla actively hostile towards charging network
           | interoperability?
        
             | artificialLimbs wrote:
             | No. They have opened source the schematics for their
             | chargers and welcome other manufacturers to use their
             | charger design.
             | 
             | https://www.tesla.com/support/charging/product-guides
        
               | conradev wrote:
               | Open source schematics and a closed Supercharger network
               | until this year, at least in the US. It's hard to
               | separate Tesla's intentions in opening up their charging
               | network from the legislation in both the US and EU
               | incentivizing it.
        
             | vikramkr wrote:
             | No they did actually follow through on the charging stuff
             | to the point where NACS is now the new north American
             | standard, which is kind of wild to see given how they've
             | acted before.
        
             | PinguTS wrote:
             | Funfact: NACS ist just CCS with a different physical
             | connector. You just need to read and understand the specs.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Be careful about that. Just last week he lied about open
           | sourcing the original roadster. Musk very clearly said "all
           | design and engineering for the original roadster is open
           | source" but that statement is false. There's a few PCB
           | designs available and one diagnostic program, but there are
           | zero mechanical designs and I suspect there are missing
           | firmwares, among other things. Given these glaring omissions
           | (and Musk is certainly qualified to understand what "all
           | design and engineering" means), I suspect there is a trove of
           | other "design and engineering" documentation that is missing
           | as well.
           | 
           | I believe none of the cars shipping today contain any open
           | source electronics. Teslas are notoriously full of very
           | expensive proprietary electronics. He has indeed released
           | some "goodies" but is nonetheless as bad as every other
           | shipping car manufacturer today.
           | 
           | It is honestly hard to say he is making an effort when he is
           | so blatantly lying about the roadster and his other vehicles
           | are completely proprietary. Not saying he is worse than the
           | other companies, but I can't give him credit for something he
           | is not doing.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | > Musk is certainly qualified to understand what "all
             | design and engineering" means
             | 
             | I'd say there is a mountain of evidence from SpaceX and
             | Tesla that's not actually true and that he has little to no
             | understanding of anything related to engineering, nor the
             | ability to manage engineering teams effectively; I think
             | he's surrounded by people that are actually talented and do
             | a lot to scrambling to make stuff happen and fix his
             | messes.
             | 
             | The huge 'box' his demanded his team put together, to
             | rescue people from a cave with passages so narrow diver
             | could not wear tanks on their backs? To me that
             | demonstrates he has no ability to analyze a problem at high
             | level and correctly apply the engineering resources
             | available to him.
             | 
             | Examples:
             | 
             | * Dishy, which had basic design flaws, such as a
             | permanently attached power/data cable that if damaged meant
             | you had to purchase an entire new unit
             | 
             | * Hyperloop.
             | 
             | * SpaceX's repeated failures, which they spin as "it's
             | okay, we meant to fuck up, _we got data_! ", including the
             | disaster where his insistence on launching on 4/20 resulted
             | in substantial vehicle damage (5-8 rockets failed), heavy
             | damage to the facility, a 380 acre wide debris field (so
             | severe you could see debris landing in the ocean from an
             | aerial shot well outside the launch danger zone), a forest
             | fire, and heavy damage to a car (parked within the "hazard
             | area.")
             | 
             | * Musk's repeated production-related issues at Tesla, and
             | his insistence on automating as much as possible even when
             | experts in their field who work for him tell him it's not
             | possible
             | 
             | * Repeated demonstrations of engineering incompetence at
             | Telsa. The Model S drivetrain units used to be disposable
             | and would be quietly replaced during routine service at
             | anywhere from 10-30k miles. They still can't make a Tesla
             | with proper body panel gaps. People have found bits of
             | wood/wire/duct tape holding their Tesla's guts together.
             | For years Model S's couldn't be driven in heavy rain or
             | through large puddles without water ending up in the drive
             | units. Windows randomly shattering while cars are parked in
             | driveways and garages. Etc
        
               | petertodd wrote:
               | > The huge 'box' his demanded his team put together, to
               | rescue people from a cave with passages so narrow diver
               | could not wear tanks on their backs? To me that
               | demonstrates he has no ability to analyze a problem at
               | high level and correctly apply the engineering resources
               | available to him.
               | 
               | The solution they came up with for those kids was
               | extremely risky, involving drugging them and hoping they
               | didn't drown in their face masks. It had never been done
               | before in cave rescue history, and no-one really knew if
               | it would actually work.
               | 
               | Cave passages can be widened. It's actually quite common
               | for cave rescues to involve widening passages. It's also
               | relatively common for cavers to do that in general as
               | part of ordinary exploration - I personally have helped
               | widen an impassibly narrow passage with explosives
               | myself. And yes, this is done underwater too.
               | 
               | If the drugging solution had resulted in a kid drowning,
               | there is a very good chance that the submarine solution
               | would have been used.
               | 
               | > Dishy, which had basic design flaws, such as a
               | permanently attached power/data cable that if damaged
               | meant you had to purchase an entire new unit
               | 
               | That sounds like a typical engineering/marketing
               | decision: rather than coming up with a tricky waterproof
               | connector, just seal it permanently and sell the user a
               | new one if they break it. Starlink as a whole has been
               | very successful.
               | 
               | > SpaceX's repeated failures, which they spin as "it's
               | okay, we meant to fuck up, we got data!", including the
               | disaster where his insistence on launching on 4/20
               | resulted in substantial vehicle damage (5-8 rockets
               | failed), heavy damage to the facility, a 380 acre wide
               | debris field (so severe you could see debris landing in
               | the ocean from an aerial shot well outside the launch
               | danger zone), a forest fire, and heavy damage to a car
               | (parked within the "hazard area.")
               | 
               | SpaceX is probably the most successful aerospace company
               | in history., and they have some of the most reliable
               | orbital rockets in history. Obviously their focus on
               | meeting schedules and iterating is working for them. They
               | just launched Starship again with even more success, and
               | will probably do so yet again in a few more months. I
               | really don't think SpaceX themselves care about
               | occasionally spreading some debris around, setting some
               | trees on fire, and damaging a car in the designated
               | hazard area. There's lots of rocket engineers that have
               | managed to destroy their own cars because their rockets
               | failed and debris hit the employee parking lot.
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | Aren't they still violating linux's GPL license?
        
         | boznz wrote:
         | Totally nailed it. Without the information on proprietary
         | systems to repair them or effect the cars re-use (if say doing
         | an EV conversion), the car or anything becomes either a massive
         | reverse engineering problem or landfill once the manufacturer
         | stops supporting it.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Is there a way to support your effort?
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Thank you, yes. Here is a blog post with more information
           | about what we are doing [1] and a direct link to our funding
           | page [2]. We are working on moving to a fully donation
           | supported engineering model so our work can be freely
           | available for everyone the world over, and your monthly
           | contributions make a big difference. Also here is our github
           | with our electronics, software, and hardware designs all
           | permissively licensed. [3] Notably our open source dual
           | brushless motor controller design is coming along nicely. [4]
           | 
           | [1] https://community.twistedfields.com/t/join-the-solar-
           | farming...
           | 
           | [2] https://opencollective.com/twisted-fields-research-
           | collectiv...
           | 
           | [3] https://github.com/Twisted-Fields
           | 
           | [4] https://github.com/Twisted-Fields/rp2040-motor-controller
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Very neat! Electric goat :)
             | 
             | How weather resistant is it? Is it aware of its
             | surroundings yet (for instance: irrigation installations)?
             | Are any of these in use outside of the people that develop
             | them?
             | 
             | (sorry for the questions barrage but if I didn't live on
             | another continent I'd hop over to help). Nice Al welding
             | btw.
        
         | hommelix wrote:
         | You are right on openness. This is key to understand and fix
         | broken machines. Mechanical designs used to be more open too.
         | We bought tractors in the 1980's and these would come with a
         | workshop manual with parts list and disassembly / assembly
         | instructions, with tools list and torque requirement.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | You're right. Televisions used to be more repairable too. I
           | found a microfiche reader by a dumpster and for fun ordered a
           | lot of 100+ microfiche cards from an old TV repair shop on
           | ebay. Zenith for example published detailed repair manuals
           | including detailed steps for recalibration, parts lists,
           | schematics, annotated PCB layouts, and more. These were for
           | repair shops not the average person, but modern TV companies
           | don't even produce those materials anymore.
        
             | trilbyglens wrote:
             | Nope they are far cheaper to just throw away and replace.
             | It's a terrible system.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | Honestly I only think it's cheaper to replace because
               | we've made repair more expensive than it needs to be.
               | I've fixed two TVs that stopped working with a few
               | dollars of capacitors and my own time. That's much
               | cheaper than buying a new TV! But I had to go digging
               | through forums when manufacturers could have provided
               | this information. Instead they refuse ti share info and
               | charge extreme prices for repairs where they will just
               | throw out an entire board with one bad component which
               | would cost 20 cents on its own.
               | 
               | I agree it's a terrible system I just wanted to clarify
               | that the "it costs less to throw it out and replace"
               | narrative is only true so long as we make it true.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | Even within a non repairable system, it could be improved
               | so much.
               | 
               | Why can't we have dumb screens that I can plug my Amazon
               | stick or whatever into.
               | 
               | My girlfriend's TV actually crashes and randomly resets.
               | Presumably because they cram a load of functionality in,
               | and don't test (not so) edge cases.
               | 
               | Just give me a dumb screen, if I want $fancy new
               | streaming app I can just buy a single or whatever, if the
               | dongle breaks, I replace just that.
        
               | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
               | Buy a computer monitor. Sadly, that only works up to a
               | certain size, and price will not be your friend.
               | 
               | Alternatively, a projector and quality screen.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | The key is that mechanical designs cannot be copyright locked
           | and you cannot build a closed ecosystem and demand insane
           | prices for access to that ecosystem.
           | 
           | I feel like open source isn't the point, it's the solution.
           | The point is that proprietary lock in creates artificial
           | scarcity and allows protectionist rackets, and _open source_
           | AND all mechanical systems counter this ugly consumer
           | deleterious product choice that is incentivized by the
           | _market effects_ of protectionist proprietary ethos.
        
             | saulrh wrote:
             | Reproducibility of mechanical objects is only the case in
             | the modern day! It used to be that reproducing mechanical
             | parts was difficult enough that a particularly
             | sophisticated part could be just as locked-down as a
             | particularly sophisticated bit of software is today.
             | 
             | For an illustrative example, imagine that a part on your
             | tractor suddenly became a bit of twisted, wrecked metal.
             | 
             | These days? You ask someone else with the same tractor to
             | send you some pictures, pull the part out and measure all
             | the holes and their positions and tell you what the bearing
             | surfaces are made of, you scrape off some slivers of the
             | part and assay them to figure out what alloy it's made out
             | of and how it was heat-treated, you go and machine a test
             | piece or two on your mill and try it, you buy a bit of
             | bronze bushing off mcmaster and it works, etc. Maybe
             | someone else has already done this and published a CAD
             | model and instructions! We have solutions for this.
             | 
             | Back then? You have no designs. You have no way to
             | communicate with other people who have a complete working
             | part. You might be lucky enough to remember what bits the
             | part connected to if you'd looked at it before. You may
             | have some idea what the intended geometry was, but you're
             | never going to figure out that the geometry is actually
             | just _a few degrees off_ right angles because that keeps
             | you out of a complicated kinematic singularity that blows
             | up the part every time you turn left. You can guess at some
             | of the materials, but systematic classifications of iron-
             | carbon alloys don 't exist so all you can say is "it's some
             | kind of steel". Even if you figure a lot of this out,
             | there's no real way to write it down or share it with
             | people because a lot of the terminology for representing
             | this stuff _simply doesn 't exist_. Even if you make a
             | functional part, its expected lifetime is months rather
             | than decades.
             | 
             | The original creator, by comparison, can just buy a new
             | block of the right alloy from their supplier, throw the
             | forging dies back on the presses and stamp out a blank,
             | slap the blank into the jig that presents every hole to the
             | drill press at exactly the right angle, put the part
             | through their proprietary heat-treat process, and then ship
             | you the result. Those dies and jigs and heat-treat
             | protocols are _exactly_ the same kind of proprietary
             | protection that a git repo full of source code is today.
             | 
             | If you look at hydraulic and pneumatic fittings, you can
             | see elements of this lock-in still extant in the modern
             | world. Everyone had their own thread sizes and thread
             | geometries for their own tools, getting them to
             | interoperate was impossible unless you had the right
             | adapters, and you _could not_ make the right adapters
             | unless you were a dedicated specialist in hydraulic
             | fittings. You were locked in to your tools provider 's
             | pneumatic toolchain in _exactly_ the same way that people
             | are currently locked in to their current power tool brand
             | because they own $50k in tools and battery packs that agree
             | that they 're made out of a specific manufacturer's 18650s
             | with specific voltage drop and internal resistance and etc
             | etc etc. (go watch the torque test channel's segment on
             | battery adapters a bit, it's enlightening! -
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgJI8Ikrd6Y).
        
         | schiffern wrote:
         | >they conclude that we should move back to old mechanical
         | systems. But mechanical systems are not always more reliable.
         | 
         | In general I agree, but I worry this glosses over the subtle
         | cases in the middle.
         | 
         | In a non-zero number of cases, the only reason electronics are
         | "superior" to mechanical solutions is precisely because it's
         | easy to enforce proprietary restrictions. In this subset of
         | cases, it is proper to replace the electronic solution with a
         | (here, superior) mechanical one. .
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | Actually the lack of minimization of moving parts makes them
           | superior. Friction's effect on wear and tear is real.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | I agree with the general principle.
             | 
             | My point is, we should acknowledge that there are some
             | cases "right on the edge" that would naturally favor
             | mechanical instead of electronic solutions, but the ability
             | to cheaply enforce proprietary restrictions pushed them
             | "over the edge" to using an electronic solution instead.
             | 
             | In these cases we should indeed consider replacing
             | electronics with mechanical solutions -- if not for
             | retrofit, at least for later product iterations.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Electronics have wear and tear too because at the end of
             | the day it needs to run on some hardware. Solder joints are
             | never built to last until the end of time, just to not lead
             | to a lot of repair claims within the warranty period and
             | any longer is an opportunity to cut costs for a future
             | manager.
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | I refurbish a whole lot of ewaste as part of my job, and
               | with a few exceptions any time a device fails it's either
               | the electrolytics in the power supply or something
               | mechanical.
               | 
               | Solid state electronics technically _can_ fail but their
               | expected service life is an order of magnitude more than
               | the mechanical stuff. Same with properly done solder
               | joints. If they crack, it's either due to mechanical
               | stresses (e.g. constant reinsertion on battery jacks) or
               | it's a design fault (Xbox 360, PS3 cold solder).
        
           | ksjskskskkk wrote:
           | yall already internalized that optimizing for profit against
           | everything else engineers do is right.
        
       | bsder wrote:
       | Electronic systems can _quite easily_ be far more reliable than
       | mechanical systems.
       | 
       | High voltage ignition systems are a really good example. I used
       | to own a 1973 Buick LeSabre with a stupid low-voltage ignition
       | system for "emissions control" purposes. Any water inside the
       | engine compartment, and your engine would stall. Put a modern
       | high-voltage ignition system on that and you could damn near
       | submerge the engine and it would keep going.
       | 
       | The problem here is a lack of interface standardization (for
       | example: old school taillights all connected to bulbs the same
       | way). If auto manufacturers were required to document interfaces
       | and accept third party parts, they would have to design
       | everything defensively and these kinds of silly issues would go
       | away.
       | 
       | The problem isn't electronics--it's engineering. And the problem
       | isn't engineers--it's management cutting every corner they can.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Another issue is the physical layer of the CAN bus system.
         | 
         | For something meant for automotive deployment in massive
         | numbers I'm not particularly impressed with how the typical
         | physical layer is implemented. There is relatively little
         | margin for error and the topology is just designed for cost
         | efficiency, not for reliability or redundancy.
        
       | kube-system wrote:
       | The conclusion in the title isn't justified by the content. Bad
       | designs are bad designs, regardless of whether they're electronic
       | systems or mechanical systems. Ford and Nissan have shipped
       | plenty of mechanical systems that leave something to be desired.
       | 
       | Funny enough, I had a Ford truck in the 80s that spent a week in
       | the shop because a shorted taillight bulb caused the entire
       | electrical system to misbehave. No CAN bus required.
       | 
       | And, dealer only parts? That's hardly an 'electronics' issue. Try
       | to replace anything other than body panels or drivetrain parts,
       | and you'll find a lot of this.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | In the case of drivetrain parts that may well be an anti-theft
         | measure to make it harder for chopshops to sell drivetrain
         | parts from stolen vehicles.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Drivetrain parts are the easy things to find in the
           | aftermarket, because they're wear parts, and people have to
           | replace them to make the car go, so they're profitable to
           | make.
           | 
           | The kind of stuff that's hard to find in the aftermarket are
           | things like oddball interior parts that don't need regular
           | replacing.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, true. But what I meant (and failed to explain,
             | apparently) that for instance a gearbox can be paired to a
             | particular ECU and that the manufacturer does that to stop
             | the gearbox from being sold separately from the engine,
             | which makes it harder for a chopshop to do its thing
             | because and engine without a serial number is kind of
             | suspect but a gearbox (which, especially for a larger car
             | can be quite expensive) would often be overlooked during an
             | inspection. By tying the two together it now becomes
             | mandatory to not only swap out the gearbox but _also_ the
             | engine (or the ECU, but that 's not all that easy either).
             | 
             | I've had a VW van stolen right from in front of my house
             | and to this day it's a mystery to me how they did it, there
             | was no glass so they must have had a key or a way to open
             | the vehicle and those are fairly solid. You can't start the
             | car unless you have a key with the right transponder in it
             | and that transponder is known to the ECU. So you'd have to
             | bring a key that works on the door, open the door, teach
             | that key to the ECU (or swap out the whole thing) and then
             | drive off with the car. But it was all done in a couple of
             | minutes at most.
             | 
             | It's 8 years ago now or so and I'm still looking for it,
             | every time I see a long wheelbase silvergray VW with a
             | camper roof my head turns all by itself to check the roof
             | raises at the back (which is a very rare combination).
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Yes, there are also anti-theft features built into
               | electronics on cars too. (There's also frustrating anti-
               | theft features built into mechanical parts on cars too,
               | e.g. locking lug nuts, fiddly key mechanisms, parts with
               | hard to access or nonexistent fasteners, etc)
               | 
               | But also, most vehicles don't really technically have
               | ECUs anymore, despite that name sticking around in common
               | use. Most stuff in the past 30 years has a PCM, because
               | there's a lot of features that makes sense to coordinate
               | between the engine and transmission in a modern car.
               | 
               | Even back in the 90's heyday of EFI engine tuning, one
               | often had to be conscious of which transmission their
               | "ECU" was expecting, because some transmission features
               | were staring to get integrated into the engine control
               | logic.
               | 
               | The simplest explanation for the missing van is a thief
               | with a tow truck :). e.g.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcE8nmDNEDw
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Your explanation may well be the right one, never figured
               | on that but it makes good sense.
               | 
               | The transmission issue bit me a while ago, I had a
               | transmission rebuilt and as a part of the service they
               | replaced an electronics board that had some exposure to
               | lubricant on account of a broken seal. But it was keyed
               | to the engine of the car and we had a really hard time
               | getting the car to recognize the rebuilt transmission, in
               | the end the old board was put back in and everything
               | worked flawlessly. But that was a ton of extra work. ('97
               | MB E-class kombi). Lesson learned there, 'if it works
               | don't fix it'.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > And, dealer only parts? That's hardly an 'electronics' issue.
         | 
         |  _If resistance differs among any of six coils, halt._
         | 
         | That sounds like a software issue to me. It prevented him from
         | replacing a single faulty coil, and required him to buy and
         | replace all six at the same time. So that's dinging him with
         | dealer part markup plus 5x the dealer part price!
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | I am saying that "dealer parts" aren't a frustration that is
           | caused by electronics. They're caused by the aftermarket not
           | making them.
           | 
           | The design of Nissan's fault detection doesn't have anything
           | to do with it being a dealer part. Something dumb like a
           | cupholder is 99% of the time going to be a dealer only part.
           | 
           | And on top of all of that, it's not like 'electronics' is
           | enabling Nissan to force you replace all the coils.
           | Automakers have done this mechanically for decades too. Just
           | make it a single part: https://www.amazon.com/ENA-Compatible-
           | Econoline-Thunderbird-...
        
       | thefourthchime wrote:
       | I'm not a mechanic, but I'm an amateur mechanic as far as my
       | YouTube viewing goes, and I've never heard of this. Plenty of
       | people I watch, get junkie, old cars, and all kinds of things to
       | fix but this one hasn't come up.
       | 
       | Is it possible? I'm sure, does it happen all the time I'm
       | somewhat suspicious.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Yes, it's absolutely possible. You have a whole slew of stuff
         | connected to that bus and if it shorts out then it can take
         | other parties connected to the same bus with it depending on
         | what is shorted out and how.
         | 
         | What you think of as a taillight is actually a couple of micro
         | computers, a DC-DC converter and a whole bunch of LEDs,
         | connectors and so on on it's own circuit board with potentially
         | a bunch of other IO for the safety features mentioned in TFA
         | which could basically be anything. So all of that lives on the
         | secondary can bus (which can have 10's of clients). Short out
         | that bus in a creative way and you may well end up creating a
         | nasty cascade of issues that run from one end of the car to the
         | other. _Normally_ this shouldn 't happen. But the potential is
         | there. In my car - fortunately - I just have regular
         | lightbulbs. They're a pain to change out because of how the
         | front and the back of the car are constructed but the worst
         | they can do is blow a fuse. I keep a very small socket and
         | driver in the car just in case I have to do that on the road
         | because without the right tools it is impossible. And even with
         | the tools it is a 20 minute job.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | > But the potential is there.
           | 
           | Which it shouldn't be. This isn't an electric car. All you
           | have is 12VDC. Every connection should be able to tolerate
           | +-12VDC without damage.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Those taillights have their own LED drivers and not rarely
             | they pulse the LEDs with far more than twelve volts to get
             | them to be brighter. The pulses are super short so they
             | don't damage the LEDs. I don't have any idea if the Ford in
             | the article uses that trick but I've seen it on a couple of
             | other cars as well. Usually they are simple DC/DC
             | converters using buck-boost drivers to make the higher
             | voltage. Moisture (tail light leak mentioned in TFA) could
             | lead to that voltage being present on the bus (at low
             | current, but those bus drivers are puny).
             | 
             | https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lp8868v-q1.pdf?ts=1701522
             | 7...
             | 
             | Datasheet of a typical driver. So 60+ V out, nice little
             | series inductor, 6A peak current on pulses a few ns wide.
             | That'll do it, though the best CAN bus drivers on the
             | market could easily sustain that without damage I'm pretty
             | sure that not all of them would and I've seen them give up
             | the ghost in e-bikes from transients (CAN is used in
             | e-bikes extensively, both for the main components (battery,
             | motor, UI) as well as for auxiliaries (front and rear
             | lights, charger).
             | 
             | On another note: the price for the repair is ridiculous,
             | but that's mostly because anything involving a transistor
             | from a car brand is marked up 1,000%. Boards that don't
             | cost more than $20 to make sell for hundreds of $, and
             | replacing them is going to be a ton of work because of how
             | it's all put together. A (sealed) taillight assembly could
             | easily be $800. Headlights are usually even more expensive.
             | 
             | In general, about Ford: great when it works. But fragile
             | and bad engineering on plenty of parts, notably: light
             | assemblies, various braces (including the one that holds up
             | your transmission, don't ask me how I know about that),
             | trim pieces and most of the interior. Engines are great,
             | it's almost like they are designed and built by a different
             | company. Warranty is a ridiculous back-and-forth on things
             | that are clear manufacturing or even engineering faults and
             | you, the customer end up in the middle (and usually pay for
             | the privilege). I had an F150 in Canada, and I liked it
             | from the utility perspective but the reliability wasn't
             | there and Ford as a company utterly sucks and will never
             | see another dime from me.
             | 
             | 25 years ago Ford was one of the biggest brands here, today
             | they have a negligible market share in the personal vehicle
             | segment.
             | 
             | https://allecijfers.nl/auto/ford/
             | 
             | Down 75% from their peak in the 80's, I would not be
             | surprised at all if at some point they pull out of the
             | market altogether.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | > (Ford) Engines are great, it's almost like they are
               | designed and built by a different company.
               | 
               | They were. Ford had not only an Engine Division, but a
               | separate V-8 Engine Division. Both were their own
               | fiefdoms with their own management. To this day, Ford has
               | separate self-contained engine plants. GM is divided up
               | differently, with foundries that do hot metal work for
               | multiple parts of the vehicle. No idea how Stellantis
               | does things.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Ah, that explains quite a bit. Thank you for that bit of
               | insight, I knew about Ford SP for the racing world and
               | crate engines but never realized that the division ran
               | much deeper than that.
               | 
               | A friend of mine spooned a Ford V8 crate engine into a
               | _Midget_ and the result is as much fun as it is
               | dangerous. Also the shortest clutch throw on any car I
               | 've ever seen, from fully engaged to fully free in about
               | 1" of travel on the pedal. The firewall had to be cut out
               | and the engine lives for a considerable portion in what
               | used to be the interior :)
        
       | bastard_op wrote:
       | Try working on a car where every vendor still, after obd2
       | regulation still wants their electronics.
       | 
       | Now that every vendor wants to glue a tablet to their dashboard
       | and a 3/4g radio to watch everything I do, it's even worse.
       | 
       | I really don't think I'll buy a new car again.
        
       | shimonabi wrote:
       | He might be a brilliant mechanic, but he sounds just like my
       | paranoid anti-vax coworker when he starts talking about the BRICS
       | currency. The solutions are open standards and documentation, not
       | going back to the stone age.
        
       | dclowd9901 wrote:
       | Really not sure about this dude's, like... thing, but I
       | absolutely agree that cars have reached a point of almost
       | complete unmaintainability. It wouldn't be such a bad thing if
       | they were engineered in a fault tolerant way, but they aren't.
       | Their electrical systems are brittle as dry spaghetti, completely
       | finicky and relying on very small margins to prevent basically
       | frying everything.
       | 
       | I have a 1987 Toyota pickup, a 1983 Toyota Land Cruiser, a 1989
       | BMW 325i and a 1974 BMW 2002, a 2022 Toyota Tacoma and I used to
       | have a 2021 Ford Transit.
       | 
       | Of all of those cars, the only one that had electrical issues was
       | my Transit. Twice in fact. Once right after I bought it. The
       | cluster went belly up. Then again with the driving lights on the
       | left side of the van which would intermittently not work. Dealer
       | couldn't figure it out. I couldn't figure it out.
       | 
       | They wanted to start playing the game of just start replacing
       | everything until the lights work again. Knowing the quality of
       | modern Ford mechanics, I opted out knowing they'd probably break
       | something else in the process of playing whackamole with my car.
       | It wasn't a serious issue, just obnoxious.
       | 
       | Modern cars that have electrical issues cannot be fixed. Whoever
       | is responsible for this change of things should be dragged out
       | and shot. It's criminally wasteful.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | > It wouldn't be such a bad thing if they were engineered in a
         | fault tolerant way, but they aren't.
         | 
         | There are multiple CAN specs, but fault tolerance is a built-in
         | part of some of them... enough that you can cut a wire entirely
         | and it'll still work. That beats any analog vehicle electrical
         | systems. Although, if it costs a penny more, I'd bet Ford cuts
         | that corner.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | > Modern cars that have electrical issues cannot be fixed.
         | 
         | Some of it is just "volume" too. When you scale up the amount
         | of wires and connections so much that formerly easy problems
         | become impossible. Things like a somewhat buried wire getting
         | some exhaust heat because a plastic retainer failed, or a
         | squirrel getting into the engine compartment and chewing. You
         | can sort that out in a car with dozens of circuits, but it's
         | harder when there's hundreds.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The video he refers to about the $5000 repair for a taillight
       | problem.[1]
       | 
       | This is a parts cost problem. Each tailight assembly has some
       | LEDs, a control module with a CANbus interface, and a rear-
       | obstacle radar sensor. Two of those are over $5000.
       | 
       | No way do those parts cost $5000 to make.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUkFsuilVD0
        
         | rini17 wrote:
         | But the failure has spread to other electronics. Does not
         | surprise anyone who knows how bad the car software is.
        
       | cracrecry wrote:
       | As engineer and entrepreneur in the digital space I am biased,
       | but I believe what this man is saying does not make lots of
       | sense. It remembers me the analog photography guys buying analog
       | gear because this "crazy digital thing could not last". People
       | will always love the grain and so on.
       | 
       | The key of the issue are proprietary designs. Cars' tech is
       | established and hence a commodity, easier than ever to replace
       | things thanks to technology like computers, 3d scanners and 3d
       | printers. That made possible lots of third parties selling you
       | repair pieces without having to pay an arm and a leg for the
       | official part.
       | 
       | The future are electronic cars, battery or hydrogen or ammonia,
       | because it just way simpler and better.
       | 
       | With electronics you can make entire designs open source, so you
       | are not dependent of the seller of your car, but you can also
       | make the interface specifications open which is the really
       | important thing.
       | 
       | The IBM PC was an example of open interface specifications.
       | Anybody could build new cards and insert it on the slots and
       | start using it.
       | 
       | You do not need going back to mechanical systems. You need open
       | specification of interfaces so different companies could compete
       | on equal terms.
        
       | genman wrote:
       | Start is fair but ends in conspiracy rambling.
        
       | avar wrote:
       | This is unintentionally a good example of someone who's aged out
       | of his profession because he's not curious about how things
       | really work anymore, despite the lengthy intro claiming the exact
       | opposite.
       | 
       | He was repairing a Nissan Maxima, and either got an alert about a
       | bad coil, or one coil was just entirely dead. He then wanted to
       | replace just that bad coil.
       | 
       | This is after he was told they should all be replaced, note how
       | he never thought to even ask "why?" at that point, just assuming
       | "what do they know? I've done this before!".
       | 
       | He then finds that the car's computer checks all the coils, and
       | just proceeds to alert on the next coil shortly thereafter.
       | 
       | This isn't because each coil has some DRM module to make you put
       | another dollar in, but the engine is checking the performance of
       | the coils, presumably it's picking up on something as simple as
       | resistance mismatch.
       | 
       | So he blames the car, computers, the modern economy etc, and
       | finally ends with some conspiracy theory about how BRICS are
       | going to replace the USD as the world's reserve currency.
       | 
       | There's lots of little annoyances related to the modern CAN-bus
       | in cars, but not this sort of thing. If he'd gone with his
       | initial plan the customer would have unknowingly ended up with a
       | car where the performance of each cylinder differed, which can
       | lead to subtle and more major mechanical issues down the road.
       | 
       | It's also perfectly fine to just replace the one coil, get check
       | "check engine" light, and just explain that problem to the
       | customer. If they only want to spend $100 and not $100 times the
       | number of cylinders that's their decision.
       | 
       | But whatever the issue is, it's not that the computer notices
       | that the engine's performance is abnormal, and alerts you about
       | it.
        
         | rini17 wrote:
         | So you have no problem with junking cars that are most likely
         | completely fine mechanically? Just because electronics is
         | poorly made, prone to chain failure or because software does
         | not support replacing some parts that otherwise could be
         | replaced? Maybe having slightly different performance on one
         | cylinder is completely fine. But with all the proprietary
         | stuff, we aren't allowed to even ask!
        
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