[HN Gopher] New York will plant trees using new tech to maximize...
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       New York will plant trees using new tech to maximize foliage impact
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2023-12-02 00:32 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
       | I know everyone is gonna talk about how we need to give the poor
       | more money, but I honestly truly believe there's no better way
       | the city can spend money than planting and maintaining trees.
       | 
       | It employs people, and it's really not that expensive, and the
       | impact is demonstrably enormous.
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | > everyone is gonna talk about how we need to give the poor
         | more money
         | 
         | Tangent but David Harvey says "wealth redistribution is the
         | lowest form of socialism". A better way is to do a few things
         | differently so those people are better empowered to make more
         | money for themselves. This can be achieved by promoting worker
         | control and ownership in the economy, so that when the economy
         | does well so do regular people. There is no need for heavy
         | handed manipulation to achieve this - we currently have plenty
         | of laws subsidizing and promoting non worker-owned businesses.
         | A little support for learning about, starting, and maintaining
         | worker owned businesses would go a long way to ensuring that
         | regular people don't end up poor in the first place.
         | 
         | And then when we think of where to spend our tax dollars we can
         | all agree that spending on planting trees is a great use of
         | funds.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | > Tangent but David Harvey says "wealth redistribution is the
           | lowest form of socialism". A better way is to do a few things
           | differently so those people are better empowered to make more
           | money for themselves.
           | 
           | This is a pretty interesting take.
           | 
           | From a Capitalist perspective, people know what they want -
           | and the market is "efficient" when you let people do what
           | they want. There's nothing more efficient than giving people
           | money.
           | 
           | From a Socialist perspective - I guess this is obviously
           | wrong? If an economy free of government interventions worked,
           | you wouldn't need Socialism in the first place? So it's
           | better to let the government make investments on your behalf?
        
             | waylandsmithers wrote:
             | I think the point was that a socialist system could provide
             | more services, perhaps to the point where cash transfers
             | wouldn't be necessary
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Let's not conflate the free market, capitalism, and
             | 'capitalist-ism'.
             | 
             | I'm not sure I follow your terminology.
             | 
             | Unregulated markets are not, in theory or practice,
             | efficient and do not work out to be free markets; they are
             | controlled by the few for their purposes. Government can
             | regulate markets to provide free markets, reducing barriers
             | to entry and requiring competition; they also can provide
             | safety and public good by preventing harm to the public by
             | fraud or injury. Another way to think of it is that power
             | (over the market) is conserved; the question is, who has
             | it, a few participants acting in their interests or the
             | people acting in theirs? A well-regulated market is better
             | and freer for almost all participants than an unregulated
             | one.
             | 
             | Regulation is not socialism; socialism is the collective or
             | government ownership of economic assets. For example, the
             | US government regulates GM, Ford, etc., but does not own
             | them.
             | 
             | Capitalism is ownership of economic assets by private
             | entities, called capitalists.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | From an economic perspective: The market is not fully
             | efficient, and it's a horrible assumption to pretend that
             | it is (akin to asserting P = NP). Business/capitalist
             | thought deliberately embraces this when setting out to
             | find/create market inefficiencies (eg "build a moat"), but
             | then feigns the opposite when criticized. At best we can
             | say it's efficient to some epsilon, but this epsilon is
             | nowhere near negligible at human(e) scales.
             | 
             | Legal rights/entitlements are essentially a form of non-
             | fungible wealth that resists the common pattern - being
             | turned into an "asset class", centralized, and packaged up
             | into recurring rent streams collected from wider society.
             | It remains an open question whether the overall trend would
             | be so strongly towards centralization without the continual
             | government handouts powering the financial industry
             | (witness all the whinging about interest rates existing
             | again). But unless that dynamic is actually reformed then
             | non-fungible guarantees seem like a necessary backstop for
             | maintaining distributed power throughout society.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Interesting, this applies to people in employment. When I
           | read the word poor, I was thinking of people experiencing
           | homelessness who usually are unemployed. But there are lots
           | of working poor too.
        
         | okasaki wrote:
         | Unfortunately anything the city does to make an area more
         | desirable is inevitably followed by increased rents.
        
           | couchand wrote:
           | Again, though, what's the sustainable response? It's not cash
           | transfers, it's community owned housing, land trusts, and the
           | like.
        
             | peyton wrote:
             | Don't land trusts just lock people out of their home
             | equity? Since we've rigged the housing market to be up-only
             | and the main source of household wealth, it's probably best
             | for New Yorkers to build lots and lots of normal homes that
             | people can buy and not mess around with failed models from
             | the Jim Crow era that locked black people out of wealth.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | How have we "rigged the housing market to be up-only" ?
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | By ensuring demand keeps going up (population grows)
               | while supply doesn't (building restrictions, restrictive
               | zoning, NIMBYism). Econ 101.
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | LVT.
             | 
             | There's a reason the law that GP states, that all public
             | investment is eventually baked into rents, is called the
             | Henry George Theorem.
             | 
             | There's no way around this, but with LVT at least society
             | captures the returns on its investments instead of private
             | landowners, which can then be reinvested e.g. in nicer
             | public housing or public transit that allows a larger
             | geographic area to participate in city life.
        
           | thelastgallon wrote:
           | In Bay Area, if you can see a tree from the window the rent
           | is more. If it's a scenic view, the rent is a lot more. Rent
           | is gamification donee right, mandatory in-app purchases.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Rents only go up if more people want to live somewhere or can
           | afford more to live there - or, maybe short-term, if the
           | government levies more taxes.
           | 
           | If you make everywhere nice, then you don't need to pay a
           | premium to live somewhere nice.
           | 
           | Maybe you have to pay a miniscule amount more in property
           | taxes.
           | 
           | You could just stop running trash & sewer service and let the
           | city turn to garbage if you want lower rents. I don't think
           | that's what people want. They want somewhere nice to live.
           | 
           | You can't have your cake and eat it, too.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | I will add that I'm being naive here thinking that
             | EVERYWHERE in the US would do anything, let alone invest in
             | trees, of all things...
             | 
             | On a city level, if - say - Chicagoland invested in all of
             | its neighborhoods being beautiful instead of mainly just
             | the wealthy areas near the lake - then you might have more
             | people than expected migrate to the area and drive up rents
             | everywhere, slightly.
             | 
             | But I'm skeptical...
             | 
             | As much as people like a nice neighborhood, you pick where
             | you live (your metro) mostly based on jobs and your life -
             | not trees.
             | 
             | You pick your individual neighborhood that metro based on a
             | ton of factors. Trees could definitely influence that.
             | 
             | If trees are everywhere in that matro, then it's a non-
             | factor.
        
             | mFixman wrote:
             | If migration is the only reason rents increase, why have
             | they been increasing everywhere?
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Lets just destroy all public infrastructure. Then rents will
           | be so low.
        
         | hprotagonist wrote:
         | The New Deal programs ring a bell here: "give money to poor
         | people ... by employing them to plant trees in their
         | neighborhoods!"
        
       | oooyay wrote:
       | This is really smart imo. Portland uses tree cover near the roads
       | to keep them cooler. This year the city put data to that idea and
       | identified "heat islands" that occurred due to a large drop off
       | in tree coverage. Similar study below:
       | 
       | https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-06/documents/ur...
        
         | muhammadusman wrote:
         | After moving from California to Portland, a PNW summer is much
         | more enjoyable because of the trees. Ambient temps could be
         | around 90degF and walking outside is still pleasant because the
         | streets are covered with huge trees.
        
           | iteria wrote:
           | I live in Georgia and the summer is not a bother at all in my
           | neighborhood because it's so forested. I can take a causal
           | walk outside up until about 90F. Florida was hell even at the
           | same temperatures because palm trees just aren't the same as
           | oaks or pines.
        
             | Jyaif wrote:
             | > Florida was hell even at the same temperatures
             | 
             | Humidity may have played a part.
        
               | abakker wrote:
               | Georgia is not a dry place...unless op mean Georgia in
               | the Middle East.
        
           | n8cpdx wrote:
           | Really depends on the part of the city you're in. Take the
           | green line out to Lents and walk back to the city center and
           | you will develop an even greater appreciation for the
           | difference trees make.
        
         | throwbadubadu wrote:
         | Good to have studies, but shouldn't even need them as the
         | effect is pretty clear and undebatable when just experienced.
         | It is not only coverage but evaporation from trees, too,
         | besides the nice view and psychological effect of bringing a
         | bit if nature into dead towns. Agreed, very smart, never
         | understood why not more cities do that when feasible besides
         | the long existing examples, especially as we have those heat
         | waves and future prediction for quite a while..
        
           | lazyasciiart wrote:
           | So instead of studies they should just, what, have someone
           | walk the entire city to identify these spots?
        
             | doctorhandshake wrote:
             | That's not remotely as crazy as you make it sound. This
             | sort of census is used to count all sorts of things. In the
             | case of NYC street trees, it's been done three times
             | before: https://www.nycgovparks.org/trees/treescount
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | The tree census is not "someone walking around
               | identifying trees", it is a study. It takes a ton of
               | organization, methodology, data collection and
               | management. It's an excellent example of why you need an
               | actual study even to collect obvious data like "that's a
               | tree!"
        
           | melagonster wrote:
           | but committee members will ask questions about the effects of
           | their budget.
        
         | BelleOfTheBall wrote:
         | There's also the fact that trees are a long-term way to create
         | welcoming public spaces. Nobody wants to sit next to a busy
         | road huffing exhaust fumes, but put a couple trees there and a
         | bench? Suddenly it's a nice meet-up spot. In fact, putting
         | extra trees onto existing plazas would be a huge positive.
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | Portland is great about this already _and_ there is glaring
         | room for improvement.
         | 
         | I still don't get why we didn't do more to support Friends Of
         | Trees.
        
         | logtempo wrote:
         | In France, they started planting trees along the road during
         | Napoleon era, so the soldiers could walk at the shadow of the
         | trees. Definitly smart, but also very old idea ahah
         | 
         | That said, with the car development, they cut most of the trees
         | because well...a car hitting a tree is not good.
        
         | safeimp wrote:
         | Something similar was done in New York as well for those
         | curious: https://council.nyc.gov/data/heat/
        
       | squirrel6 wrote:
       | Considering historical disparities in tree planting and
       | landscaping promulgated by Robert Moses and subsequent officials,
       | this is a great step in the right direction. Community boards
       | have already been pushing for this kind of environmental justice
        
       | wodenokoto wrote:
       | The article mentions that rows of trees is "the old" way of
       | planting trees and this new technology will enable ... what
       | exactly?
       | 
       | Obviously they won't plant in the middle of the road, and I get
       | the benefit of identifying areas that needs trees, but what
       | exactly is different in the way they are placed along the road?
        
         | vachina wrote:
         | They mentioned "leaf-level" visualization, meaning they have
         | now 3D data to work with instead of a pixel on a map.
         | Practically this means they can simulate time of day coverage,
         | and can plan for tree species for different foliage heights.
        
         | melagonster wrote:
         | look like they have new tool to estimate coverage of tree, and
         | then residents can require government keep the region they want
         | have same coverage.
        
         | melagonster wrote:
         | look like they have new tool to estimate coverage of tree, and
         | then residents can require government keep the region they want
         | have same coverage.
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | It looks cooler and generates more meetings, presentations,
         | fluff, costs to involve tech/simulation/AI/etc rather than to
         | just boringly plant trees.
         | 
         | Now they've got a TED invitation in it.
        
         | 1over137 wrote:
         | >Obviously they won't plant in the middle of the road
         | 
         | It's the USA so you're probably right, but in other places
         | roads have been depaved and/or pedestrianized, and trees could
         | then be planted.
        
         | cantSpellSober wrote:
         | > new technology will enable ... what exactly?
         | 
         | Covered in the article
         | 
         | > Our model is able to measure canopy coverage using newer
         | lidar data than existing canopy coverage maps and measure the
         | size and volume of individual canopies, making it easier to see
         | where healthy trees are located and where existing canopies are
         | lacking
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | I wish these sorts of studies quantified how much more useful
           | they are than the last model. There's a lot of papers out
           | there where they reproduce some finding from an older method
           | or dataset, but use the new hot method or dataset. Very few
           | of them go ahead and do power comparisons between old and
           | new, to see if it was even worth all the trouble and by how
           | much.
        
       | pharmakom wrote:
       | The lack of greenery is the worst aspect of New York for me.
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | It's really makes Central Park that much more special. It just
         | feels like a true sanctuary when you step into it.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | Check out Fort Tryon as well; it's huge, and there are many
           | parts where you can go and feel like you're not in a city at
           | all.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | It's extremely dependent on the neighborhood.
         | 
         | Obviously midtown doesn't have a lot of trees.
         | 
         | But there are also residential neighborhoods with streets where
         | the trees from both sides of the street meet above and form a
         | canopy.
         | 
         | Not to mention the backyard areas of blocks of brownstones that
         | can be full of trees and gardens and greenery.
         | 
         | And then if you're lucky enough to live near something like
         | Prospect Park, well you've basically got the biggest backyard
         | anybody could ever ask for.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | As others have said: it depends heavily on the neighborhood. I
         | grew up in a neighborhood with decent (but not great) tree
         | coverage; my current neighborhood has full canopies on many
         | blocks.
         | 
         | (This is one of the things I found most surprising about
         | otherwise far more livable European cities: East Coast US
         | cities tend to be far greener in a "diffuse" sense, if not in
         | terms of total park area.)
        
           | te_chris wrote:
           | It's what I find stark between London and other continental
           | captials too. You get seduced as there's often a trophy park,
           | but after a while you realise that's pretty much it for
           | miles, apart from the occasional square - looking at you in
           | particular, Paris and Madrid.
        
       | iAMkenough wrote:
       | What most municipalities seem to fail to account for with urban
       | canopy initiatives is the increased maintenance costs associated
       | with root growth under pavement/sidewalks and increased private
       | property burdens when trees die or are blown over in increasingly
       | more severe wind storms. My city had multiple "derechos" a few
       | years ago, and there's still plenty of yards with hazardous
       | branches over structures and piles of decaying wood with no one
       | that can afford to haul them away. Anecdotally I've heard that
       | this is grounds for home insurance companies to deny renewed
       | coverage.
        
         | Incipient wrote:
         | Definitely worth pointing out not all trees are suitable for
         | urban greening.
         | 
         | I can't remember what they're called, but in Australia we plant
         | some deciduous tree that has deep but narrow root base which
         | makes them minimally destructive to footpaths etc, as well as,
         | being quite resistant to wind (especially in winter when they
         | don't have leaves!)
        
           | thedufer wrote:
           | NYC uses ginkgos for this purpose. They still make up a
           | fairly small portion of the trees in the city, though.
           | They're also particularly hardy when it comes to handling
           | pollution, which is obviously valuable in cities.
           | 
           | I believe this style of root system is called a taproot.
        
         | morley wrote:
         | NYC is also interesting in that landowners are responsible for
         | maintaining the sidewalks in front of their property instead of
         | the city.
         | 
         | Depending on your point of view, that's actually a solution to
         | the problem you pose: the costs of maintaining damage from this
         | plan are spread across private owners.
         | 
         | It does mean that owners will grumble in fall months when they
         | have to clear leaves from their sidewalks, and will complain in
         | the rare occasions when their sidewalks crack, meanwhile their
         | home value ticks upward silently.
        
           | couchand wrote:
           | > NYC is also interesting in that landowners are responsible
           | for maintaining the sidewalks in front of their property
           | instead of the city.
           | 
           | Is that really unique? Everywhere I've lived the resident is
           | required to clear leaves and snow.
        
             | 1over137 wrote:
             | I've never heard of such a thing. Where I am sidewalks are
             | municipally owned and maintained.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | I thought clearing ice from sidewalks was always the
               | responsibility of the land owner. The sidewalks are on
               | easements but it's still owned by whoever owns the rest
               | of the property. This is why sidewalk clearage is always
               | inconsistent; some property owners are very diligent
               | while others are negligent. And this is also why there
               | are so many horror stories about property owners getting
               | sued when somebody slips and breaks their hip; it was
               | their responsibility to keep the sidewalk passable so if
               | they don't they become liable for resulting accidents.
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | Creating perverse incentives where real estate owners are
           | responsible for the damages caused by trees that the city
           | insists on planting (and real estate owners are likely
           | prohibited from maintaining) is not what I'd call a
           | "solution". Asset values going up doesn't do anything about
           | those perverse incentives. And in fact rising asset values is
           | actually a liability for long-term owner occupiers,
           | ultimately just facilitating more financialization and
           | centralization of wealth by professional investors.
           | 
           | I'm all for more trees. I'm just against this dynamic where
           | such improvements are partially funded at the outset only,
           | leaving the fallout as externalities that everyone has to
           | suffer. If the city wants to plant trees that will eventually
           | destroy the sidewalk, then the city should take on the
           | responsibility for maintaining the sidewalks.
        
         | couchand wrote:
         | From TFA:
         | 
         | > "It's about not just planting more trees, but the right tree
         | in the right spot," said Alexander Kobald, a researcher at
         | Cornell University. "It's really focusing on what the spot
         | calls for and making sure the people [who live near the trees]
         | feel heard."
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | What is this "researcher" saying though? There's nothing
           | specific. It's just some vague thing with a dash of social
           | justice signaling thrown in.
           | 
           | Who decides what a spot calls for? How do we communicate with
           | it. What is "right" and how do we ensure the right tree was
           | put in spots that have been classified as "right"?
           | 
           | Is this a serious person?
        
       | meitros wrote:
       | I feel a little surprised there are no mention of allergies in
       | that article, e.g. that hopefully they're planting female trees
       | which remove pollen rather than male trees which produce more
        
       | girafffe_i wrote:
       | I've also genuinely wondered if using white trash bags would have
       | a measurable impact. Hopefully that's all going away with their
       | "large bins" and make room for foliage
        
       | Dowwie wrote:
       | How do you solve the canopy challenge while not introducing
       | challenges presented by tree roots? Is this a problem for the
       | city 15+ years from now, so don't worry about it?
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | There are cities in Europe that have 100 year old tries in
         | them. Roots are an issue, but a far smaller one then the
         | benefit of trees.
         | 
         | You of course need to pick trees that fit the application and
         | climat.
        
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