[HN Gopher] Inverted perovskite solar cell breaks 25% efficiency...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Inverted perovskite solar cell breaks 25% efficiency record
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2023-11-18 18:09 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.northwestern.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.northwestern.edu)
        
       | Sparkyte wrote:
       | The problem with a perovskite solar cell is the fragility and
       | life span of the solar cell. If they can stablize the material to
       | last 20+ years it would be entirely worth the cost and
       | development of the solar cells. But right now it is expensive.
       | 
       | They last about 5 years if you're lucky. Although there has been
       | improvements since I last ready, but grain of salt.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Note that at this point in time it is economics, not yield-per-
       | area that dominate any solar cell installation so a new cell
       | doesn't necessarily have to be high yield, it has to be better
       | when you compute total power generated for a given $ invested
       | over the lifetime of the cell. That's pretty much all that
       | matters, everything is just a distraction unless you are severely
       | space constrained a couple of percent more or less isn't going to
       | make a huge difference, and cost savings on existing processes
       | have now compounded to the point that people are more and more
       | looking at the price of inverters and installation as important
       | factors. That's also why you see the push for transformerless
       | inverters (those are bulky and costly so they affect both
       | inverter cost and installation/shipping).
       | 
       | I did a pretty big solar installation over the last two years and
       | I decided to go for quality panels because the glass-glass
       | sandwich panels have a much better economic picture than the
       | glass-plastic ones even though they are more expensive up front.
        
         | robmsmt wrote:
         | can you elaborate a bit more on your setup?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | 6 strings of cells, hooked up to two inverters, one handling
           | two banks on a very high roof, peak production there is 4KW,
           | one inverter handling four strings on covered outdoors space
           | and the garage. The last four are at very shallow angles, so
           | less than ideal but total surface area really makes up for
           | that. We draw about 300W on average and the peak production
           | capacity for the whole setup is close to 15KW (or even
           | slightly higher in full sun in March). Over the last 11
           | months the system produced 12 MWh on about 4 MHw consumption
           | so net 8 MWh returned to the grid.
           | 
           | 34 of the panels are brand new 370W glass-glass panels, the
           | remaining 16 are much older (probably a decade old, maybe
           | more) that still work pretty well rated at 265 W each (but
           | probably closer to about 220 or so).
        
             | chrisweekly wrote:
             | What's your geography, and what'd it cost up front?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Netherlands.
               | 
               | Panels cost about 210/each for the new ones and the old
               | ones were pretty much free. Inverter: the one upstairs is
               | a new one, 500 Euros ('second chance'), three phase 4KW,
               | the one downstairs is a monster, it's 17KW with up to six
               | strings and cost another 500. The panels on the high roof
               | were installed, about 1000 to do the job and the rest I
               | did myself, add another 500 or so in cables, tubing etc.
               | The power bill went from 8500 / year to 3500 / year, and
               | all of that is the remaining gas usage. We're looking
               | into using any surplus in nov/dec/jan/feb to help heat
               | the house to further offset the gas usage but the
               | economics aren't really there yet as far as I can see.
               | 
               | And even in November we are still offsetting about 75% of
               | our electricity usage, which somewhat surprises me, I'd
               | expected far worse.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Well, installation prices correlate very well with efficiency.
         | What was always a huge problem for perovskite cells, because
         | they tend to be way less efficient.
         | 
         | They also suffer from lack of raw-material abundance and
         | shorter lifetimes. But it may be possible to fix both of those
         | too. The factory for perovskite cells should require much less
         | initial investment, what is a huge limitation for silicon
         | cells, so it could be revolutionary.
        
         | pornel wrote:
         | Grid-scale installations can probably use anything.
         | 
         | However, more efficient cells will probably find new uses where
         | space or weight is very limited.
        
         | jwells89 wrote:
         | There are some possibilities that could be opened up at certain
         | efficiency thresholds, though, due to considerations that
         | aren't purely economic.
         | 
         | For instance, if small panels had high enough efficiency you'd
         | probably see a lot of people who wouldn't consider roof
         | installations popping them up on their back decks and the like
         | since it's far less involved to do so. It'd also help work
         | around rules like the one my HOA imposes, where roof mounted
         | solar can't be street visible.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, when you are severely space constrained it could well
           | make sense. But 25% isn't a big enough difference to enable
           | that. You'd have to do _much_ better than that.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > It'd also help work around rules like the one my HOA
           | imposes, where roof mounted solar can't be street visible.
           | 
           | Bloody hell, some people just want to watch the world burn.
        
             | theLiminator wrote:
             | Wonder if they'd allow a rooftop similar to Tesla's solar
             | rooftop. I totally think HOAs are pretty ridiculous in
             | general.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | > _It'd also help work around rules like the one my HOA
           | imposes, where roof mounted solar can't be street visible._
           | 
           | I feel like if we cared about climate change at all there
           | would be federal (global?) laws with severe penalties making
           | rules like the one above highly illegal.
           | 
           | What is disgrace
        
         | sroussey wrote:
         | You can be very space constrained... ironically... in space.
         | Well, needs to fit in the rocket.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, but that's not even close to the best that can be done
           | for space applications.
           | 
           | For that there are multi junction cells, with 30% readily
           | attainable (at a cost, but still, you can just order them if
           | you need them).
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | > Note that at this point in time it is economics ... That's
         | pretty much all that matters, everything [else] is just a
         | distraction
         | 
         | What? This doesn't make any sense. How do we invent new things
         | if economics is all that matters? There's a whole process. You
         | prove a thing is possible (literally the thing happening,
         | nothing else), then move onto making the thing reliably
         | reproducible to demonstrate, THEN optimizing for being cheap.
         | It can fail at any point here (and there are more between tbh).
         | This is a really long process. An example might be NASA's TRL
         | scale.
         | 
         | I mean yeah, it is university press and they hype it up, but
         | I'm pretty sure a big reason for that is because comments like
         | this. Being shitty at something is the first step to being
         | kinda sorta good at that thing. Context matters a lot and the
         | context here is: done by researchers, university research,
         | journal publication. This is not Apple coming out and saying
         | they invented something that's going to be on the market in a
         | few months. This is someone at Apple's research lab being like
         | "Hey, that thing we've been researching? I reached a milestone,
         | we shouldn't call it quits yet."
        
       | passwordoops wrote:
       | I was interested until I saw the .edu url. Just another regularly
       | scheduled biweekly battery/renewable/cleantech PR
        
         | bobmaxup wrote:
         | https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.adk1633
        
           | passwordoops wrote:
           | Thanks for the full link, but kind of proves the point. We're
           | just months removed from Science publishing room temp
           | superconductivity...
           | 
           | One paper tells other researchers to check it out. Doesn't
           | mean it's:
           | 
           | - reproducible
           | 
           | - scalable
           | 
           | - functional in the real world
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | I will believe it when I see it being sold on Amazon and
       | AliExpress. It won't matter if they did 99% efficiency if it
       | never reaches the consumers.
        
         | Tempest1981 wrote:
         | Some people are here for the science, others for the business
         | angle.
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | As folks are saying, there are already commercially developed
       | panels at 24.7% [1] that should ship within the next year. The
       | existing fleet of Maxeon 3 are apparently going to be 24% this
       | quarter, rather than the 22.7% in the actively shipping parts
       | [2].
       | 
       | Like cache miss ratios, it's hard to remember that 25% is a 10%
       | improvement in efficiency over that 22.7% (and 4% over the 24%
       | claim). But as jacquesm mentions, what matters for system design
       | is either $/watt (installed!), total generation, or whatever
       | other metric. Efficiency _might_ get you more panels on a roof,
       | but so could different panel sizing! One more panel because the
       | sizing works out could easily be 5%.
       | 
       | tl;dr: it's interesting research, but shouldn't affect purchasing
       | decisions.
       | 
       | [1] https://mediaroom.maxeon.com/2023-06-01-Maxeon-Solar-
       | Technol...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://maxeon.com/us/sites/default/files/2023-05/sp_mst_112...
        
       | tester756 wrote:
       | Did perovskites managed to solve the problem with usage of lead?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-11-18 23:01 UTC)