[HN Gopher] AI startups in France
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       AI startups in France
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 38 points
       Date   : 2023-11-11 16:57 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (techcrunch.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (techcrunch.com)
        
       | FFP999 wrote:
       | Trendy field is trendy. In other news, water wet.
        
         | brugidou wrote:
         | I think Paris has a very good pool of scientists/engineers
         | specialized in AI, it's not just a trend. It's probably linked
         | to the engineering schools ecosystem.
         | 
         | It started with AdTech 15 years ago, then Google/Meta opening
         | labs there.
        
           | nerbert wrote:
           | If you think Google and metal started that I've got a bridge
           | to sell you. To world class engineers produced there just
           | used to become expats or work for big industrial players.
           | They now have a (small) playground with the French tech.
        
       | throw4629294 wrote:
       | I've worked with both extensively with both groups of French and
       | German researchers at an English speaking lab and there were some
       | noticeable oddities. The Germans never spoke German, even afaict
       | in one-to-one conversations (say, at the desk next to me when
       | debugging). The French were much more committed to their language
       | and would speak French all the time, including in public slack
       | channels and often at lunch if there was a large enough minority
       | at the table.
        
         | pil0u wrote:
         | Et alors ? Quel est le rapport avec la choucroute ?
        
           | polotics wrote:
           | Sauerkraut toi meme, je trouve ce factoid assez interessant.
        
             | sebastiennight wrote:
             | Je ne suis pas convaincu, j'ai plutot tendance a voir les
             | Francais se taire en presence des non-francophones pour
             | eviter le jugement des autres Francais aux alentours (qui
             | se feront un plaisir de se gausser de votre accent ou de la
             | moindre bevue).
        
           | Saline9515 wrote:
           | Language is not a neutral medium. Languages induce a
           | different way of thinking, different ways of solving
           | problems, different ways to approach interpersonal behavior.
           | Some languages will have vocabulary that doesn't exist in
           | others, producing original concepts. Same goes with grammar,
           | where many languages have very subtle and specific ways of
           | representing time, classification, or logic, for instance.
           | 
           | You can read "Contre la Pensee Unique", of Claude Hagege
           | (linguist at College de France) about it. He introduces the
           | concept of "Galapagos effect", where linguistic differences
           | with links and informational bridges lead to more innovation
           | due to diversity of thoughts.
           | 
           | As a sidenote, speaking in your native language is always
           | easier than speaking in english or any other language. If
           | your mother tongue happens to be a language very well suited
           | for science and mathematics, like French is, why speak
           | english? Especially with other french speakers.
        
             | elvis10ten wrote:
             | Related video which I just remembered:
             | https://youtu.be/CmZdGo6b5yA?si=k67_azS5gwUvQJuq
             | 
             | So it seems languages might not change how you think, but
             | might be able to emphasize certain aspects of things like
             | you allude to (I believe).
        
             | jackcosgrove wrote:
             | I was curious about this because it describes what I have
             | always heard as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which has
             | always been controversial and was out favor during the
             | 1960s through 1980s. I looked up the Wikipedia article on
             | linguistic relativity, which is apparently the proper name
             | for it, and found that recent studies had actually
             | confirmed the weak form of this hypothesis, that language
             | can shape cognition. There is however evidence against the
             | strong form of this hypothesis, which is that language can
             | limit or preclude cognition.
             | 
             | So I'm left to conclude that the parent post saying that
             | thinking in a particular language could lead to insights
             | that wouldn't happen with a native speaker of another
             | language, is not wrong. However it would be wrong to think
             | that the speaker of that other language could not
             | understand that insight, once explained. (Which is not at
             | all what the parent said; I'm just fleshing this out for my
             | own understanding.)
        
           | lift_up wrote:
           | Ceci.
        
             | Raed667 wrote:
             | n'est pas une pipe.
        
           | baby wrote:
           | Le mec se plaint des gens qui parlent leur langues. Ok.
        
             | sebastiennight wrote:
             | "Je suis alle dans leur pays et vous savez quoi ! Ils
             | parlaient leur langue entre eux - au lieu de parler ma
             | langue a moi, comme des gens civilises !"
             | 
             | Sacrebleu
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | > The Germans never spoke German, even afaict in one-to-one
         | conversations
         | 
         | This is fairly standard etiquette everywhere I've been in
         | Central and Northern Europe.
         | 
         | The general idea is that it would be rude to have a one on one
         | _next_ to you in a language that you might not understand.
         | 
         | Also in general I think people that only speak one language
         | always assume other people are bad mouthing when usually people
         | are just talking about random trivialities or some work/life
         | problems. So it's always safer to keep everything in English.
        
         | gray_-_wolf wrote:
         | I've just attended a conference in France this week, can
         | confirm, seems pretty accurate.
        
         | sebastiennight wrote:
         | This cliche is not such a faux pas if you make an effort of
         | comprehension, since half of English is just mispronounced
         | French.
        
       | fkarg wrote:
       | dozens. not hundreds? I'd be concerned
        
       | willsmith72 wrote:
       | It's really not a surprise, France has always been a leader in AI
       | research and quality of education
        
       | numbers_guy wrote:
       | Are there any notable LLM efforts in German speaking Europe?
        
         | timkam wrote:
         | Aleph Alpha: https://aleph-alpha.com/, raised more than 500
         | million USD:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-06/german-
         | gi..., which makes it a notable effort, I suppose.
        
           | numbers_guy wrote:
           | Thanks. Looked into it, but they don't seem to be hiring
           | MLEs/Researchers. Also it seems to be a very generic, "we
           | give you the AI" business without a clear product or service.
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | I sometimes wonder how companies survive in France in a difficult
       | business environment!
       | 
       | The labor laws alone is a major barrier!
        
         | calamari4065 wrote:
         | Have you considered that labor laws protect workers, and
         | workers who are happy and feel safe and not exploited are more
         | productive?
         | 
         | It's entirely possible to run a business without exploiting
         | your workers and trying to squeeze every red cent out of them.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | "Have you considered that labor laws protect workers, and
           | workers who are happy and feel safe and not exploited are
           | more productive?"
           | 
           | I remember reading an interview with Stephane Israel, the
           | director of Arianespace, who complained that with a leisurely
           | 35-hour workweek, they have no chance competing with
           | workaholics at SpaceX.
           | 
           | While it would be a much nicer world if you were right, I am
           | not sure you are. East Asians work even more and they seem to
           | be overtaking the Western Civilization lately.
        
             | jackcosgrove wrote:
             | > East Asians work even more and they seem to be overtaking
             | the Western Civilization lately.
             | 
             | I think East Asian working culture is pushing the limits of
             | human physiology and psychology. I've seen documentaries on
             | South Korean work culture, for example, where people
             | consistently receive less sleep than is healthy because
             | they work so much. To use the example of Korea again, their
             | work culture is probably contributing to the low birthrate
             | which is ultimately counterproductive.
             | 
             | There's a vignette I've heard about a movie theater.
             | Imagine someone in the front of the theater stands up to
             | get a better view. The person behind them then needs to
             | stand up to maintain the same view. Eventually everyone is
             | standing up, with the same view as before and more
             | uncomfortable than when they were sitting. It's an analogy
             | for heavy work cultures, which can be counterproductive and
             | unnecessary after a certain point.
             | 
             | Could French work culture be more productive than American,
             | or Korean, work culture? I don't know, but it's not simply
             | a matter of measuring short term outputs and ignoring
             | externalities such as rates of depression, alienation, poor
             | health, or low birthrates.
        
           | aborsy wrote:
           | This is a simplistic view. The protective labor laws protect
           | some workers, but can bring about a host of adverse effects.
           | The good and bad are equally protected.
           | 
           | For example, my work place in France was so toxic that over
           | time I developed psychological problems, because the
           | institution could not address the abuse, harassment,
           | bullying, etc, since everyone had secure permanent contracts
           | (CDI) strongly protected by unions and could afford arbitrary
           | behavior. A lot of people didn't care doing their jobs
           | properly, bringing about an environment with problems
           | everywhere.
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Yes, hence why pushing for extreme protection against
             | firings can be even worse than no protection at all
             | 
             | Especially with no way to fire the person not even
             | 'virtually'
        
           | baby wrote:
           | It's actually quite hard to find a stable job in France due
           | to these laws: companies only give short term contracts and
           | then rotate you out once they get in danger zone (you need to
           | hire them full time now).
           | 
           | Also my friends back in France are always in holidays.
           | They're forced to take a full month in some positions like
           | banking as they need to ensure continuity of business even
           | when people are not there for extended periods of time. A
           | friend of mine has 45 days off.
           | 
           | Personally I think it's great but if you're in a competitive
           | industry AND competing with the American Workaholics you
           | don't have a single chance.
        
             | JTyQZSnP3cQGa8B wrote:
             | Everything you wrote is either lies, or very specific to an
             | industry that I have never seen in the past 50 years. But I
             | would say lies or FUD because it's ridiculous.
        
             | genman wrote:
             | Aw, poor Americans and their tiny 2 week long vacation. :)
             | People in Europe will never understand this mindless
             | slaving. ;)
        
             | LelouBil wrote:
             | Well, in france, rotating short term contacts for a long
             | term position is illegal.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Safer individually, but the whole ship goes down together.
        
         | sebastiennight wrote:
         | Having run a business in France for 16 years (with employees),
         | I do not consider the labor laws to be such a barrier.
         | 
         | I think if you ask many SMBs owners in France, we'd gripe more
         | about the tax system (which got slightly less opaque since RSI
         | was finally shut down, but no less onerous) or the paperwork.
         | 
         | Allowing people who dedicate their workweek to your business,
         | to have social benefits, free healthcare, retirement benefits
         | and unemployment money if they get fired seems like a fair deal
         | to me.
         | 
         | Especially if you consider that even taking into account those
         | "extra costs", total comp seems to me to still be lower than
         | what you'd have to pay a US employee for the same job
        
         | bertil wrote:
         | Labor laws are seen as a plus by many people, even in a hot
         | market like AI.
         | 
         | - Candidates know they won't be showered with praise and sign-
         | on bonuses here and now but ignored and thrown out the back
         | after the first review cycle. If anything happens to them
         | (let's say, a bouldering accident), they know they'll be given
         | time, care, and consideration. They know they'll have weekends
         | off to train bouldering, too. If you know people won't fire you
         | on a whim, you know they'll hire responsibly, invest in you,
         | and encourage lateral moves when your path isn't leading
         | anywhere.
         | 
         | - Employers might want to look very attractive, but that coffee
         | machine, that micro-kitchen is no guarantee--not anymore after
         | the last two years. It's nice to promise the best private
         | health plan: I got one through a big tech company. Never needed
         | it. But I've heard from people who did that it's nowhere near
         | what a patient would want. After that, I remember asking a
         | small start-up in the UK if they offered anything similar. That
         | was stupid: they could never afford anything like it. And they
         | were puzzled... Every resident has access to the NHS, by law.
         | They didn't list that as a benefit because they thought they
         | were competing with local companies. They hired a lot of
         | Americans, and every one of them could not stop talking about
         | how much better the care was.
         | 
         | Now that I mention it, it's suspicious that all of them needed
         | medical care as soon as they arrived...
         | 
         | It goes beyond that: a society with a strong safety net is
         | better off. Countries with strong social nets have safer
         | streets. Many candidates might be males over-estimating their
         | ability to get out ahead in a street fight and be indifferent
         | to high crime rates, but some have partners that might not care
         | for headlines like "Mugging capital of the world" and "Precinct
         | ran out of rape kits". I like knowing that my loved ones don't
         | do "active shooter drills" routinely.
         | 
         | Personally, I left a job that was really great for several
         | reasons. A big one was that, during my 5-minute walking commute
         | (in the Northern Quarter in Manchester, UK), I had to walk past
         | 50 or so people standing unconscious, wobbling, clearly high on
         | "spice" (a cluster of synthetic "zombie" drugs so destructive
         | and violent, the only survivor on record testified one should
         | never try it and do something "chill, like heroin," instead).
         | I'd much rather live in a country where I know the emergency
         | psychiatry and addiction programs are publicly financed, free
         | for patients, and well-staffed. But that's because my partner
         | is the one working there, so I'm biased.
         | 
         | Experiences like that, seeing human lives wasting on the
         | pavement daily, might seem extreme and definitely foreign to
         | people from, say, San Francisco. Still, if you know about human
         | tragedy directly, you prefer to live somewhere that addresses
         | that.
        
           | lucubratory wrote:
           | This is a really helpful and comprehensive breakdown of the
           | drawbacks. I'm not in the US, Australia, but on HN it's easy
           | to view the US as some quality of life haven for SWEs without
           | a countervailing opinion. Not helped by American nationalists
           | who insist the country is the best on Earth.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Something going on
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | France has very strong mathematics education. It's estimated
       | fully a quarter of all "quants' (mathematical finance
       | specialists) worldwide are French.
        
         | wendyshu wrote:
         | Are you sure? http://www.imo-
         | official.org/country_team_r.aspx?code=FRA
        
           | loandbehold wrote:
           | IMO shows more which countries have programs to train top
           | math schoolchildren to win in IMO. That's very different than
           | producing professional mathematicians, which is more about
           | universities and graduate schools.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | "It is estimated." Doesn't specify by whom nor if its even
           | accurate. Kind of like "We are reporting that ...".
        
           | aborsy wrote:
           | In France, good students go to "classes prepas" for 2-3
           | years. It's a period sort of between high school and
           | university. I'm not sure if students are eligible to
           | participate in IMO in this period. Perhaps someone else could
           | clarify.
           | 
           | Regardless, France has a strong math culture. This is clearly
           | seen in Fields Medals.
        
         | alpark3 wrote:
         | It's true at last anecdotally. Related, there's a running joke
         | in some subset of the industry about the types of exotic
         | derivatives that are so complex and esoteric "only french
         | banks" trade them.
        
       | FranklinMaillot wrote:
       | No mention of Scikit-learn or Hugging Face also created by French
       | people.
        
       | theGnuMe wrote:
       | Vive Le France!
        
       | mrangle wrote:
       | France's math culture is a facet of its rigorous education
       | system. Which in contrast to other western nations that will
       | remain unnamed, doesn't easily award advancement through it.
        
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