[HN Gopher] Illinois Senate approves plan to allow new nuclear r...
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       Illinois Senate approves plan to allow new nuclear reactors
        
       Author : mattas
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2023-11-09 20:15 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | mtillman wrote:
       | Excellent news! Clinton should be receiving a second on the site
       | as well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Power_Station
        
       | Krasnol wrote:
       | Meanwhile, in Utah:
       | 
       | > NuScale Power (SMR.N) said on Wednesday it has agreed with a
       | power group in Utah to terminate the company's small modular
       | reactor project, dealing a blow to U.S. ambitions for a wave of
       | nuclear energy to fight climate change and sending NuScale's
       | shares down 20%.
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/nuscale-power-uamps-...
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Their cost estimates kept going up, and they hadn't even
         | started construction.
        
           | lnsru wrote:
           | It can't go down with probably hundred levels of
           | subcontractors. 80 of them are paid to manage their project
           | plans and couple do actual job. I assume, that the real pay
           | for the job done is a small fraction of the overall cost.
           | Heck the solar panel 6 kW installation on the house near by
           | took few weeks and there were 5 companies involved.
        
             | outside1234 wrote:
             | This is one of those things where you want a lot of people
             | looking at everything in duplicate because it is six orders
             | of magnitude less expensive than the alternative.
        
           | bhhaskin wrote:
           | Only way it makes sense is to do it all in house like SpaceX.
           | But that is a tall order.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | So like with everything nuclear?
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | SMR never made any financial sense. They are far inferior to
         | large-scale PWRs in almost all regards.
         | 
         | The SMRs' _only_ advantage was the relative ease of
         | construction. Only a handful of companies in the _world_ can
         | construct reactor vessels for large-scale PWRs, and none of
         | these companies are in the US. SMRs can be constructed
         | domestically.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | Russia has a floating nuclear power stations in the Far East:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademik_Lomonosov
           | 
           | I was surprised they even had that, but they do have nuclear
           | powered ice breakers, so I guess it makes sense.
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | In the early 80s, the field trips to the station at Cordova
       | included a tour of the control room. I'm guessing times have
       | changed?
        
       | kevinmchugh wrote:
       | Illinois is the most nuclear state in the union, as well as the
       | home of the first manmade nuclear reactor. I grew up very near
       | the forests where they buried that reactor, and never got any
       | powers from it. A high school friend was named after the Byron,
       | Illinois nuclear plant, which his father had worked on.
        
         | vidanay wrote:
         | I lived in Hickory Hills for a while as a kid. We'd ride our
         | bikes all the way out to Red Gate on a Saturday morning. No
         | super powers here either.
        
         | andrewstuart wrote:
         | Have you run a Geiger counter over yourself and your
         | possessions?
        
         | kunwon1 wrote:
         | My father was a welding foreman on the Byron plant. He always
         | took great pride in that. Later in life he was a lineman, he
         | liked to point out the huge transmission towers that he built
         | as we drove past them
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | My grandfather did sheet metal work at Zion. Was also proud
           | of his work (kept the press he used in his garage after he
           | retired). Was a different time I suppose.
        
             | HankB99 wrote:
             | We were camping at Illinois Beach SP. When we turned in,
             | the plant was humming. In the morning it was silent. I
             | wonder if we were there when it shut down for good.
        
         | robohoe wrote:
         | A lot of mountain bike and hiking trails in the area of that
         | forest. We even have a race called Palos Meltdown because takes
         | place in the vicinity :)
        
       | bfrog wrote:
       | Great, because we could really use some modern nuclear power
       | plants here. We do not have the natural resources to provide
       | power base with wind/solar alone and in all likelihood even with
       | large storage banks it would be very hard to compete with what
       | amounts to an atomic battery in nuclear fuel rods.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > We do not have the natural resources to provide power base
         | with wind/solar alone
         | 
         | Well, that's what you have a national grid for. China for
         | example has links that go way more than 2.000km - that's more
         | than enough distance to transfer power in times of low wind or
         | whatever around.
        
           | dsauerbrun wrote:
           | I'm not an electrical engineer but it sounds implausible for
           | power to be transferred that far without losing a bunch of it
           | in the process, unless you have massive cables.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | HVDC loses 3% in 1000 km, depending on the value of "HV".
        
             | bb88 wrote:
             | Maybe take some EE courses then? They're not that hard...
             | 
             | From EE101: P=V * I. But power transmission losses are I^2
             | * R.
             | 
             | So one way to transmit large amounts of power with low
             | losses is to, well, turn the voltage up and use a lower
             | current.
             | 
             | And with lower current, you can use smaller cables.
             | 
             | And in fact, that's what we do.
             | 
             | That's why your power lines to your house are thousands of
             | volts and the transformer will convert it into 220V (but
             | with higher current to run your hair dryer, say).
        
             | SECProto wrote:
             | > I'm not an electrical engineer but it sounds implausible
             | for power to be transferred that far without losing a bunch
             | of it in the process, unless you have massive cables.
             | 
             | Read up about Hydro Quebec. They generate gigawatts in
             | Northern Quebec and export large amounts to New England.
             | HVDC is pretty efficient.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro-
             | Qu%C3%A9bec's_electricit...
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | The cables don't need to be massive, but the voltage has to
             | be because the power loss is related to the current flowing
             | - so the Chinese just raised the voltage to 1 million volts
             | instead of the usual 220/380 kV, and used DC instead of AC
             | to get rid of reactive power and skin effect issues. Their
             | longest line transfers 12 gigawatts of power over almost
             | 3.300km distance - that's not _that_ much that remains to
             | cover the distance from the US East to West coast!
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-
             | voltage_electricity...
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Illinois has service with both MISO and PJM grids [1]. They're
         | going to be pulling power over HVDC from wind in the central US
         | [2]. NuScale wasn't cost competitive [3], so while nuclear
         | approval is nice (because it is silly to prohibit it from being
         | built if safely and responsibly operated), renewables,
         | batteries, transmission, and demand response is cheaper
         | (collectively) [4] [5] [6].
         | 
         | [1] https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/US-MIDW-
         | MISO?wind=false...
         | 
         | [2] https://soogreen.com/project-overview/
         | 
         | [3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38199061
         | 
         | [4] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37502924
         | 
         | [5] https://www.tesla.com/ns_videos/Tesla-Master-Plan-
         | Part-3.pdf
         | 
         | [6] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/21/us-can-get-to-100percent-
         | cle...
        
       | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
       | Illinois and other former industrial states badly need this
       | having lost much of their manufacturing base to southern states,
       | Mexico, etc. The exodus has been accompanied by migration from
       | these states, elsewhere. Anything that creates an economic
       | incentive for good paying manufacturing jobs to return to these
       | states - even if its a decade away - needs to happen.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > Anything that creates an economic incentive for good paying
         | manufacturing jobs to return to these states...
         | 
         | The article talks a lot about carbon-free electricity by 2045,
         | but I see nothing about where the SMR's might be manufactured.
         | Between the Mississippi River and St. Lawrence Seaway - SMR's
         | could easily be brought in from ~anywhere on earth.
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | I live in Illinois, and we have the exact same GE design that was
       | used in Fukushima on the banks of the Mississippi.
       | 
       | Anything that we build in the future _must_ be walk-away safe, a
       | Gen4 reactor or better. There can 't be any question of exploding
       | cooling ponds or other surprises with (design) flaws in safety
       | systems. This obviously rules out diesel generators in the
       | basement.
       | 
       | Over the years, there have been nagging stories of drones that
       | overfly reactors. We have no idea who is collecting this data or
       | what they want with it. We have to reach _much_ higher safety
       | standards than the elderly fleet of reactors that remains with
       | us.
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2020/09/07/dozens...
        
         | vidanay wrote:
         | With one major difference...the Mississippi River isn't subject
         | to the same seismic (New Madrid notwithstanding) and tsunami
         | events.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | I would indeed be curious about the risk as estimated by
           | Japan and Illinois about their respective reactors before and
           | after the Fukushima disaster, before forming an opinion on
           | whether this is actually a problem. As you say, there's
           | likely fundamental differences not obvious from the provided
           | rhetoric...
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | However, I don't know what these drones are doing.
           | 
           | 36 hours. That's all it takes.
        
           | methodical wrote:
           | This. Having ongoing concerns from a once-in-a-lifetime
           | perfect storm of an event such as Fukushima in application to
           | a facility that is not vulnerable to nearly any of the series
           | of worst-case scenario events is simply doomerism. This is
           | exactly the kind of mindset that has prevented the US as a
           | country from developing nuclear power in any substantial
           | fashion for the last 50 or so years. In that timeframe, it's
           | not unlikely to assume we could have a much more substantial
           | amount of our energy produced by nuclear power; if not
           | completely deprecating coal power plants.
           | 
           | At the moment, barring magical energy sources that haven't
           | been proven in any meaningful sense, nuclear technology has
           | shown itself to have the fewest long-term consequences and
           | the highest efficiency. However, it is unfortunately also the
           | easiest to point to a few events in history and easily make
           | the layman cast doubt on its safety. It's worth pointing out
           | that the most significant nuclear accident in history took
           | place in the USSR (which wasn't particularly notorious for
           | its safety protocols), on a reactor that had several known
           | design flaws that were ignored, and the only other major
           | accident representing a one in a thousand years perfect-storm
           | that overcame several redundancies.
           | 
           | This concern about "drones" in relation to nuclear power
           | plants is borderline paranoia. Are you concerned about drones
           | dropping bombs or somehow disabling safety systems on a
           | nuclear reactor? Every single nuclear power in the world has
           | nuclear power plants, so they're all equally susceptible to
           | the same attack in the same way that they're all equally
           | capable of responding to said attack- mutually assured
           | destruction as it goes.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Having ongoing concerns from a once-in-a-lifetime perfect
             | storm of an event such as Fukushima
             | 
             | A lot of the world's living population lived through
             | Chernobyl, the various incidents at Sellafield and then
             | Fukushima. All events that "statistically" should not have
             | happened nearly as close together as they did - and that's
             | without taking the risk of 9/11-style terrorism, actual
             | acts of war (see Zaporizhzhia NPP) or catastrophic
             | earthquakes into account.
             | 
             | There are only two kinds of power generation that have a
             | mass-casualty potential: nuclear power plants and dammed
             | hydro power (as evidenced by what went on at Kakhovka Dam).
             | We should, as a species, get rid of these. The sooner, the
             | better.
        
               | vidanay wrote:
               | There are more deaths directly attributable to coal fired
               | power plants than to nuclear energy in all forms
               | (including Hiroshima and Nagasaki).
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy
               | 
               | https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/archive/2013_kh
               | are...
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-
               | worldw...
               | 
               | http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2019/ph241/marshall2/
               | 
               | https://www.engineering.com/story/whats-the-death-toll-
               | of-nu...
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Fly a plane into a coal plant and nothing much (besides
               | the death of everyone involved) will happen.
               | 
               | Fly a plane into an NPP and you're looking at a massive
               | contamination issue.
               | 
               | Hell, I live in Bavaria, and _to this day_ you have to
               | inspect shrooms and wild game meat for radiation - and it
               | 's likely to exceed safety thresholds, even decades after
               | Chernobyl.
        
               | skeaker wrote:
               | While we're at it, when airplanes were invented there
               | were dozens of crashes relatively close to each other
               | that killed almost a hundred thousand people (almost 100x
               | that of all nuclear power accidents combined). Better get
               | rid of the airplanes too. And let's not even mention cars
               | or boats or horses. Best to just stay indoors.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | No, it's not paranoia.
             | 
             | The people at the Nova music festival in Israel would have
             | said exactly the same thing as you in the hours before the
             | event.
             | 
             | Black Swans can and do appear.
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | One person died and six people got cancer from the Fukushima
         | incident - which of course is very sad.
         | 
         | In contrast, a single coal plant in Illinois, Prairie State,
         | kills about 75 people every year with coal soot:
         | https://www.sierraclub.org/illinois/blog/2023/02/prairie-sta...
         | 
         | For coal plants, murder is business as usual. That's why we
         | need nuclear power.
        
       | HDThoreaun wrote:
       | Nuclear energy is so economically inefficient that the biggest
       | political scandal in Illinois this decade is about the nuclear
       | company bribing political leaders for subsidies. Their former CEO
       | is going to jail over it. The long time political boss was
       | finally indicted over it. Hard to comprehend how blatant bribes
       | have to be in this state to be prosecuted.
       | 
       | I'd love to see expanded nuclear, but if that requires corruption
       | it's a tough pill for me.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Their economic inefficiency are mostly due to high capital
         | costs needed to build a plant and high insurance costs.
         | Renewables provide much greater bang for buck now, although you
         | need to build them in the right locations that Illinois may
         | lack (and getting transmission in from the great plains might
         | not be viable?).
         | 
         | Maybe China will finally deliver some cheap reactors to work
         | with, although I assume they are running into the same problems
         | that we did (and corruption is a bit problematic with nuclear
         | power plants).
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Illinois already has tons of wind and just-offshore wind in
           | the Great Lakes has a LCOE of $60/MWh which is less than half
           | the claimed cost of new nuclear and roughly 10x less than the
           | actual cost of recent nuclear.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | >Nuclear energy is so economically inefficient
         | 
         | They're only economically inefficient when you ignore the costs
         | of burning fossil fuels. Would you rather spend a couple (tens
         | of) billion on a nuclear power plant, or face global
         | starvation?
         | 
         | Everything looks expensive when you externalize the cost of
         | status quo.
        
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