[HN Gopher] The pyramid of Gunung Padang began construction in t...
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       The pyramid of Gunung Padang began construction in the deep past,
       study claims
        
       Author : bcaulfield
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2023-11-07 18:59 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.vice.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.vice.com)
        
       | lawlessone wrote:
       | It's going to rewrite every pyramid conspiracy theory. Someone is
       | probably already recording a video about how stone age people
       | didn't have the technology to stack stones.
        
         | doublerabbit wrote:
         | > didn't have the technology to stack stones.
         | 
         | Obviously it's coded in a Python stack or something.
        
           | lawlessone wrote:
           | In 100 years I can guarantee someone will suggest Python was
           | gifted to us by Aliens.
        
             | feoren wrote:
             | "We have intentionally trained them wrong. As a joke."
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | > they say that the evidence from Gunung Padang indicates that
       | advanced construction techniques existed before agriculture was
       | adopted.
       | 
       | wow if this is true, this is truly revolutionary.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Didn't Gobekli Tepe already do this?
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | Along with a stack of related sites nearby, yep.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | This is one of those things that feels like "extraordinary claims
       | require extraordinary evidence."
       | 
       | Just going by Bayesian priors, I would say that the chances of
       | the dating being wrong are higher than this pyramid actually
       | having been constructed as a masonry pyramid in 25,000 BCE.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | > Over the years 2011 to 2015, they studied the structure using
         | seismic tomography, electrical resistivity tomography and
         | ground-penetrating radar. They also drilled down into the hill
         | and collected core samples that allowed them to use radiocarbon
         | dating techniques to learn the ages of the layers that make up
         | the hill.
         | 
         | Here's the full paper:
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/arp.1912
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | > Over the years 2011 to 2015, they studied the structure
           | using seismic tomography, electrical resistivity tomography
           | and ground-penetrating radar.
           | 
           | This has absolutely nothing to do with assessing the age of
           | the site. I believe them that it's a complex structure with
           | likely underground sites. I do not believe them that it's
           | 25,000 years old.
           | 
           | The age claim is based entirely on radiocarbon dating of
           | organic soils found at the site. The idea seems to be that
           | the humans dug up topsoil containing living roots and
           | recently-dead plant matter (all with atmospheric C14) and
           | used that to build the pyramid, therefore the pyramid must be
           | as old as the organic matter in the soil. There are numerous
           | problems with this.
           | 
           | First, they're assuming the organic matter must be
           | contemporary with the human activities. But if you're
           | building a massive pyramid, surely it's reasonable to _dig
           | down_ to get your soil? The further down they dig, the older
           | the organic matter in the soil would be. They discuss how
           | they handle the possibility of contamination with _newer_
           | organics, but never seem to discuss how they controlled for
           | contamination from _older_ organics.
           | 
           | Second, they're assuming that all human activity in the area
           | must have been related to the building of the pyramid. It's
           | certainly possible that the pyramid was built on a site that
           | had human activity since 25,000. That is _not_ the same as
           | the structure itself dating back to that time. They do not
           | seem to consider this possibility.
           | 
           | > Organic soil samples obtained from the drill cores and the
           | trenching walls were meticulously selected for 14C dating
           | analysis. These organic samples were believed to contain
           | traces of bio-organic activities during and after the
           | construction phases. However, it is essential to consider
           | potential sources of contamination, such as older carbon
           | sources or recent bio-organism activities, which could impact
           | the dating results.
           | 
           | Their entire argument for the age of the pyramid rests
           | entirely on the sentence "These organic samples were believed
           | to contain traces of bio-organic activities during and after
           | the construction phases." -- they _were believed to_? Why?
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | What have independent experts said about it? I see it
             | passed peer review.
             | 
             | Having no expertise myself, I know it's still easy to shoot
             | down anything. That's why I always look to people with
             | expertise, who know what's significant and what's not,
             | because everything in the world is flawed.
        
               | feoren wrote:
               | You're right of course, and I certainly don't have that
               | expertise. I am literally just some rando on the
               | internet. But they are points I'd like to see addressed
               | before we start rewriting our understanding of human
               | history.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Fair enough, but I don't think anyone is leaping to the
               | rewriting; it's just one paper.
               | 
               | FWIW, I've seen archeologists use soil samples in similar
               | ways and I've had the same questions. At least at times,
               | it's seen as legimate; that's all I know.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | From the ones I've seen, they aren't terribly impressed.
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/jens2go/status/1721625889585148297
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Right. We never get to extraordinary discoveries without taking
         | this first step. I don't know about you, but I have never taken
         | such a step, putting my name and reputation out there,
         | dedicating my life to an extraordinary, possibly unlikely
         | chance at significant new knowledge for the world.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | What is the extraordinary claim? If we look at the evidence
         | from a neutral perspective with no preconceived notions, the
         | evidence for a newer construction date doesn't seem
         | particularly stronger than an older one. Modern _Homo sapiens_
         | has been around at least 160,000 years so they could have
         | potentially been building structures at any time after that. We
         | really don 't know how long it took humans to develop basic
         | masonry and only a tiny fraction of the artifacts from the deep
         | past have ever been found.
         | 
         | I fail to see how Bayesian priors have any relevance here. And
         | numbers were assign are going to be largely guesses not based
         | on real hard evidence.
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | The dating of this site is so strange. Why would there be
       | continuous pyramid building at this site for 25k years? How could
       | a culture maintain some kind of cohesive activity over such a
       | long time?
        
         | lawlessone wrote:
         | Maybe they didn't.
         | 
         | IF the spot was human occupied for 25k years a lot of rubbish
         | would build up. Maybe it's just a succession of cultures paving
         | over the previous cultures garbage.
        
         | ordu wrote:
         | It seems it was not countinuous building. Some generations
         | really worked on it while others slacked.
         | 
         | Maybe there was an explanation why people need this pyramid.
         | The explanation could outlive generations through a verbal
         | tradition.
        
       | dharmab wrote:
       | Better article with link to paper:
       | https://phys.org/news/2023-11-evidence-strongly-indonesia-gu...
        
       | ZunarJ5 wrote:
       | Wiki is sceptical: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang
        
       | driggs wrote:
       | It looks like all 7 of their C14 dated samples were simply
       | "organic soil", no artifacts or charcoal. If you're going to
       | build a pyramid by piling soil and rocks, then the soil will be
       | older than the pyramid.
       | 
       | The authors don't mention having done any core samples _away_
       | from the pyramid as a control group.
       | 
       | It seems like they have, at best, proved that Gunung Padang
       | contains old soil, without proving anything about the age of the
       | pyramid itself.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | This is actually one of the major criticisms I've seen from
         | archaeologists and geologists. The dating is from core samples
         | (and apparently poorly done ones) with no related context
         | showing actual human activity.
        
       | simbolit wrote:
       | From Wikipedia ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang ):
       | 
       | "Thirty-four Indonesian scientists signed a petition questioning
       | the motives and methods of the Hilman-Arif team. Archaeologist
       | Victor Perez described Natawidjaja's conclusions as
       | pseudoarchaeology. (...) they 'found' something, carbon-dated it,
       | then it looks like they created a civilisation around the period
       | to explain their finding"
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | They found a way to get a steady research grant...
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | The Phys.org article paints a much more clear picture:
       | 
       | > More specifically, the researchers found evidence of several
       | efforts that together over time, added up to a completed
       | structure. The first consisted of sculpted lava--where builders
       | had carved shapes onto the top of a small, dead volcano. Then,
       | several thousand years later, sometime between 7900 to 6100 BCE,
       | another group added a layer of bricks and rock columns. Some
       | unknown time later, another group added a dirt layer to part of
       | the hill, covering some of the earlier work. Then sometime
       | between 2000 and 1100 BCE yet another group added more top soil,
       | stone terracing, and other elements.
       | 
       | > The research team has also found some evidence suggesting there
       | might be some hollow parts inside the structure, suggesting
       | possible hidden chambers. They plan to drill down to them and
       | then lower a camera to see what might be in these areas.
       | 
       | https://phys.org/news/2023-11-evidence-strongly-indonesia-gu...
        
       | Hikikomori wrote:
       | Was featured in the Ancient Apocalypse nonsense show on Netflix.
        
       | civilitty wrote:
       | Finally, evidence for my theory that the Goa'uld were not the
       | first extra terrestrial species to visit Earth and build pyramids
       | as landing platforms.
        
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       (page generated 2023-11-07 23:01 UTC)