[HN Gopher] Was Atlantis a Minoan Civilization on Santorini Island?
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       Was Atlantis a Minoan Civilization on Santorini Island?
        
       Author : petburi
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2023-11-06 11:44 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (greekreporter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (greekreporter.com)
        
       | NeoTar wrote:
       | Betteridge's law of headlines is an adage that states: "Any
       | headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by the word
       | no."
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
        
         | Larrikin wrote:
         | Thank you for the Wikipedia article that is linked to in every
         | thread where the original article ends in a question mark.
        
       | MarcusE1W wrote:
       | As a young boy I decided to discover Atlantis. I deduced that it
       | must be under water but not too deep. So I just searched for the
       | shallowest place of the Mediterranean and declared it Atlantis.
       | 
       | Despite this early breakthrough no further discoveries have been
       | made.
        
         | Amezarak wrote:
         | Interestingly, Plato claims that the waters beyond the Pillars
         | of Heracles are very shallow and full of mud shoals because of
         | the sinking of Atlantis. I've always thought this a puzzling
         | detail, since a) it certainly isn't shallow now and b) it would
         | have been well-known at the time whether it was shallow or not,
         | since the Greeks were well-established in that area, so Plato
         | could have been easily refuted in his own time...unless it
         | really was shallow, and that's changed in the time since due to
         | some geological process we're unaware of.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > since the Greeks were well-established in that area
           | 
           | Wait, were they? I thought they never really made it much
           | past the southeastern coast of Spain, the west being full of
           | Phoenicians.
        
             | Amezarak wrote:
             | "Well-established" may be too strong wording, but Greek
             | sailors and traders were certainly familiar, and people
             | generally were familiar with Gades and other settlements. I
             | am not sure if there really was a Greek colony as well at
             | the time of Plato in the Portus Menestheus, although the
             | Greeks believed they had founded one there after the Trojan
             | War.
             | 
             | There's also Greek stories and lesser familiarity as well
             | at some point with Tartessos (another possible Atlantis.)
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | I'm not sure of the chronology of ancient Greek writers,
             | but Greek geography was largely aware of the Atlantic coast
             | from roughly the English Channel to around Guinea.
        
           | johngladtj wrote:
           | There are places that could classify as shallow ie: cape
           | bojador
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | Such very shallow waters and mud shoals do exist on the north
           | side of Europe, following the flooding of Doggerland (around
           | 6000 BC). Those waters are "beyond" the Pillars of Heracles
           | if you circumnavigate the entire Iberian coastline. It's
           | likely that tales of this region could have made it to
           | Greece, but I don't think many Greeks had seen it themselves.
        
       | themanmaran wrote:
       | > In the 16th century BC ... this volcanic island erupted.
       | 
       | > the eruption emptied the magma chamber beneath the island. This
       | caused large sections of the island to literally collapse 'into
       | the depths of the sea'.
       | 
       | I wonder if any exploration has been done in the (now submersed)
       | portions of outer ring. Was this land fully above the surface and
       | previously inhabited? If so can divers find any kind of artifacts
       | in that submersed outer rim.
        
         | RecycledEle wrote:
         | I suspect any explosion of the caldera volcano that would blow
         | the island out of existence would thrown artifacts far out to
         | sea instead of burying them.
         | 
         | Nobody would survive an explosion that destroyed the inner most
         | island, the middle ring island, and half the outer island. All
         | bronze age people would know was that there was a great noise,
         | some smoke, and then they whole island was gone into the sea.
         | Of course they would assume it sank rather than got blown up.
         | 
         | Finding artifacts from 3,700 years ago that were thrown out to
         | sea would be difficult. Differentiating them from other
         | artifacts of similar age in that area would sadly be beyond
         | belief.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > any explosion of the caldera volcano that would blow the
           | island out of existence would thrown artifacts far out to sea
           | instead of burying them.
           | 
           | Modern Santorini has a crescent shape because of the "missing
           | middle" part.
           | 
           | But there is also a site called Akrotiri, which is still on
           | land, and was buried in volcanic ash. It is a bit like
           | Pompei, only about twice as old:
           | 
           | > The settlement was destroyed in the Theran eruption
           | sometime in the 16th century BCE and buried in volcanic ash,
           | which preserved the remains of fine frescoes and many objects
           | and artworks. Akrotiri has been excavated since 1967 after
           | earlier excavations on Santorini.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akrotiri_(prehistoric_city)
           | 
           | There are many artefacts there, pottery and others.
           | 
           | It's quite possible that other settlements were blown into
           | the water and not buried.
        
       | hprotagonist wrote:
       | "My point, once again, is not that those ancient people told
       | literal stories and we are now smart enough to take them
       | symbolically, but that they told them symbolically and we are now
       | dumb enough to take them literally."
       | 
       | --John Dominic Crossan
        
         | mablopoule wrote:
         | I sometime wonder if in the 25th century people will be
         | searching for the exact location of Hogwarts from Harry Potter.
         | 
         | To be fair, Troy was also mostly thought to be mystical before
         | Heinrich Schliemann went on a quest to find it (and
         | subsequently destroyed most of it as he used explosives to
         | perform archeological digs).
        
           | abakker wrote:
           | Evidence supports that it is, in fact, located just outside
           | of Orlando, FL.
        
             | some_random wrote:
             | Unfortunately it was mostly demolished by the explosives
             | used to dig it up
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | Or on the banks of Loch Shiel in Scotland?
             | 
             | [NB This is based on me recognising the landscape in some
             | of the movies, apparently the books say it is near Dufftown
             | - which is on the other side of Scotland].
             | 
             | I had also assumed it was the school on Lauriston Place in
             | Edinburgh, but apparently that's definitely not true...
        
               | ggm wrote:
               | i.e. George Heriots
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Definitely is true. She also sent her own kids there.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Apparently Rowling thought of Hogwarts before moving to
               | Edinburgh - but it seems a _bit_ of a coincidence that
               | Heriots school is right next to the graveyard with Tom
               | Riddle 's grave:
               | 
               | https://www.pottertour.co.uk/blog/george-heriots-school-
               | harr...
               | 
               | Mind you - I'm not really that big a Harry Potter fan but
               | I did live in that part of Edinburgh for many years and
               | my son went to Heriots after adventures at other
               | schools...
        
             | FFP999 wrote:
             | "We know that they generally had good diplomatic
             | relationships and there was a great deal of cross-border
             | trade, but the historical record is still unclear about the
             | exact relationship between the United States of America and
             | the Magic Kingdom."
        
               | lapphi wrote:
               | The way things are going, history may see you as the
               | Nostradamus of this century.
        
               | FFP999 wrote:
               | I'll take it.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | _Over drinks one night, Cardozo shared with Brosnan a
             | short, somewhat cheeky passage in DeMille 's 1959
             | autobiography in which the director cryptically confirmed
             | the burial. The book's section reads: "If, 1,000 years from
             | now, archaeologists happen to dig beneath the sands of
             | Guadalupe, I hope they will not rush into print with the
             | amazing news that Egyptian civilisation... extended all the
             | way to the Pacific Coast of North America... The sphinxes
             | they will find were buried there when we had finished with
             | them."_
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230212-a-city-under-
             | the...
        
           | FFP999 wrote:
           | FUTURE ARCHAEOLOGIST: "We've found what we believe to be the
           | ruins of Platform 9 3/4." [gestures at ruins of Slough
           | railway station]
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | The one i like is imagining some poor schnook of a grad
           | student in 500 years writing a dissertation on "american pie"
           | and the complex interrelationship of food culture and
           | religion, and if the Jester in the song is the same as the
           | joker that batman killed (or didn't), and if so was he
           | talking to the thief in the watchtower -- and what really
           | does that have to do with band camp?!
           | 
           | https://www.patheos.com/blogs/slacktivist/2017/10/12/bye-
           | bye...
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | The funny thing is this has already happened. They erected a
           | platform 9 3/4 at Kings Cross. The only problem being that a)
           | it doesn't even vaguely correspond to the description in the
           | book and b) in fact, from the description it's likely they
           | were actually talking about old St Pancras station.
        
             | whoopdedo wrote:
             | Well they couldn't put it in St. Pancras because that was
             | already in use by former Norse gods waiting to get into
             | Valhalla.
             | 
             | https://www.scld.org/st-pancras-station-sparks-
             | imaginations/
        
             | gpderetta wrote:
             | Life imitates art.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Street
           | 
           | Humans model their world on stories.
        
             | contingencies wrote:
             | _The scene opens on a world that appears totally primitive.
             | People are naked, people are orgiastic, people are nomadic.
             | But when they close their eyes there are menus hanging in
             | space. Culture has been internalized. Culture is supposed
             | to be internalized. All this talk about virtual reality -
             | people don 't seem to notice - this is a virtual reality.
             | These are all ideas - ideas that have been forced into
             | matter so that we could live in a reconstruction of our
             | imagination. And de-constructing these virtual realities in
             | which we live is the only way to get back to some sort of
             | baseline of what it is to be human._ - Terence McKenna
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | There's no reason to believe that what Evans found was the
           | mythological Troy (note the "mythological"). Maybe it was the
           | city called Wilusa by the Hittites, or maybe it wasn't, and
           | maybe Wilusa was Troy ("Ilion") or maybe it wasn't. There's
           | no way to know for sure.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad#Hitti.
           | ..
           | 
           | Homer certainly didn't give a super detailed description of
           | Troy's location. The Iliad is an epic poem not a historical
           | account. The Homeric Question is a debate almost as ancient
           | as the Iliad, after all.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Question
           | 
           | As to Schleimann, he was certainly all too ready to
           | "discover" elements of the Homeric epics. For example, "the
           | mask of Agamemnon":
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_of_Agamemnon
           | 
           | Or "The Jewels of Helen":
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priam%27s_Treasure#/media/File.
           | ..
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | Crossan's work as a scholar and pop-history author involved a
         | particular sceptical interpretation of very early Christianity
         | that is not shared by most of the sceptical historians of early
         | Christianity. So, his scepticism is particularly extreme.
         | 
         | There are plenty of Mediterranean historical fiction-like tales
         | where an original grain of truth does seem promising. Besides
         | popular cases like Atlantis, and Troy as a site, there's e.g.
         | Aeneas coming from Troy to Rome as a possible reflection of an
         | Bronze Age-collapse era migration from western Anatolia to
         | Italy bringing the Etruscan language.
        
           | bnralt wrote:
           | Crossan always seems to be well respected whenever I've heard
           | him mentioned by other academics that study historical
           | Christianity. That's not to say that he doesn't have some
           | heterodox views, but they at least seem to exist within the
           | broader academic consensus.
        
         | The_Colonel wrote:
         | There's no way to figure out which lost event/place is
         | symbolical and which is real other than looking for the real
         | thing long enough.
         | 
         | I dislike this quote since it basically discourages further
         | research.
        
           | seiferteric wrote:
           | I basically just says, if you think this might be real, you
           | are dumb, for no reason, which is itself dumb.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | In Atlantis's case, Plato's story is based on quoting someone
           | who lived 150 years before him, also includes Poseidon as a
           | historical figure, and Aristotle called it symbolical in his
           | own writing[0].
           | 
           | [0] not sure where, have only seen other people mention this
        
         | Kevin09210 wrote:
         | And yet in Plato's Timaeus, you find statements like this:
         | 
         | > On the side toward the sea, and in the center of the whole
         | island, there was a plain which is said to have been the
         | fairest of all plains, and very fertile. Near the plain again,
         | and also in the center of the island, at a distance of about
         | fifty stadia (one stadia=606 feet), there was a mountain, not
         | very high on any side.
         | 
         | > And, beginning from the sea, they dug a canal three hundred
         | feet in width and one hundred feet in depth, and fifty stadia
         | in length, which they carried through to the outermost zone,
         | making a passage from the sea up to this,
         | 
         | > Now the largest of the zones into which a passage was cut
         | from the sea was three stadia in breadth, and the zone of land
         | which came next of equal breadth; but the next two, as well the
         | zone of water as of land, were two stadia, and the one which
         | surrounded the central island was a stadium only in width. The
         | island in which the palace was situated had a diameter of five
         | stadia.
         | 
         | These are features of a geographical account.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > It was built on seven levels, each delved into the hill,
           | and about each was set a wall, and in each wall was a gate.
           | But the gates were not set in a line: the Great Gate in the
           | City Wall was at the east point of the circuit, but the next
           | faced half south, and the third half north, and so to and fro
           | upwards; so that the paved way that climbed towards the
           | Citadel turned first this way and then that across the face
           | of the hill.
           | 
           | > And each time that it passed the line of the Great Gate it
           | went through an arched tunnel, piercing a vast pier of rock
           | whose huge out-thrust bulk divided in two all the circles of
           | the City save the first. For partly in the primeval shaping
           | of the hill, partly by the mighty craft and labour of old,
           | there stood up from the rear of the wide court behind the
           | Gate a towering bastion of stone, its edge sharp as a ship-
           | keel facing east. Up it rose, even to the level of the
           | topmost circle, and there was crowned by a battlement; so
           | that those in the Citadel might, like mariners in a
           | mountainous ship, look from its peak sheer down upon the Gate
           | seven hundred feet below.
           | 
           | > The entrance to the Citadel also looked eastward, but was
           | delved in the heart of the rock; thence a long lamp-lit slope
           | ran up to the seventh gate. Thus men reached at last the High
           | Court, and the place of the Fountain before the feet of the
           | White Tower: tall and shapely, fifty fathoms from its base to
           | the pinnacle, where the banner of the Stewards floated a
           | thousand feet above the plain.
           | 
           | This is also a geographical account, by Tolkien of Minas
           | Tirith.
           | 
           | There are actually striking similarities in style, which is
           | unsurprising given that Tolkien was a scholar who patterned
           | his works on ancient epics. The main difference is that the
           | ancient text has more numbers, which, given the timescales a
           | historical Atlantis would have to have occurred on, were
           | certainly not literal measurements recorded by Plato or a
           | contemporary.
        
             | Kevin09210 wrote:
             | No measurements though
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | There is one--"a thousand feet"--but also you can't use
               | the existence of measurements as evidence of
               | authenticity.
               | 
               | For one, those measurements can't possibly have been
               | recorded by Plato or a contemporary, because if there
               | were a historical Atlantis all claims point to it being
               | centuries older than Plato. Any numbers he's using are
               | either completely fictitious or passed down and distorted
               | through generations. Either way, Plato clearly didn't
               | care that they were accurate.
               | 
               | Second, ancient literature is kind of obsessed with
               | giving precise measurements for things that can't
               | possibly be accurate. The numbers are inserted to give a
               | sense of grandeur, and are just a part of the style of
               | this kind of work. Where they seem odd and out of place
               | to us, they were common at the time. See the Bible,
               | Herodotus, and many others.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | Any major event must last 40 days and 40 nights, for
               | example.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Tolkien's writing is accurate and descriptive enough to
               | not only produce an atlas [5], and a legendarium of
               | plants [24356] but for said atlas to not only describe
               | the routes, but the types of land/mountains traversed,
               | and how they would have come to be.
               | 
               | [5] https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Middle-Earth-Revised-
               | Karen-Fons...
               | 
               | [24356] https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Flora_of_Middle-
               | Earth
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | But, how do we know the atlas etc are accurate? There's
               | no real places or objects to compare them with.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | They're accurate to the text, and "how things are on
               | earth" which is all we can compare them to.
               | 
               | The point being you can have a description of an entirely
               | fantastical area with no inherent contradictions.
        
             | atmosx wrote:
             | Isn't Tolkien's Atlantis reference Numenor? Like, he didn't
             | change a comma :-P
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | Yeah, a fictional geographical account. What about that
           | description suggests it's real to you? If it's the specific
           | measurements used, then I don't think you've read very much
           | ancient literature, because that's not at all an uncommon way
           | of describing fictional things.
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | The "physical details" of the new jerusalem are given in
           | exhausting detail in Revelations, but this is well understood
           | by scholars to be rife with symbolic and numerological intent
           | and was not likely to have been intended by john of patmos to
           | be understood as representing any material place.
           | 
           | Plato, fond of such rhetorical devices himself, is more than
           | likely to be following a similar game.
        
           | empath-nirvana wrote:
           | Plato frequently gave detailed descriptions of utterly
           | fanciful situations. He wasn't a historian and wasn't
           | particularly interested in details of the physical world. He
           | wrote dialogues about philosophy and was interested in the
           | world of forms, and any story he told that was seemingly
           | grounded reality was in service of making a larger point. In
           | fact, even the dialogues themselves purported to be actual
           | conversations between real people and almost certainly were
           | not in most cases, no matter how much detail he provided
           | about the event.
        
           | Attrecomet wrote:
           | "Ancient people where to stupid to imagine measurements in a
           | fictional account, therefore the presence of measurements is
           | evidence of the story being factional" is a quite arrogant
           | take, don't you think?
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | An island caving into the sea is not more far fetched than a
         | city being covered with rock flowing like water.
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | Similar story with Oregon's Crater Lake.
        
         | buddy4711 wrote:
         | counterexamples
         | 
         | city of troy
         | 
         | niebelungenlied
         | 
         | noah's ark
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | The city of Troy is not positively identified actually.
           | 
           | The Song of the Nibelungs has many purely fictional parts.
           | 
           | Noah's Ark and the Flood are mere myths with 0 proof of any
           | kind of historical reality, and 0 chance of there ever being
           | one.
        
             | buddy4711 wrote:
             | the city of troy was found
             | 
             | what is fictional about the niebelungen?
             | 
             | the ark is about the creation of the black sea
             | 
             | there are stories that might be 100000 years old
             | https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-oldest-story-
             | astronom...
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | I thought it had been pretty well established for a very long
       | time that, to the degree there was some historical basis for the
       | legend of Atlantis, it is probably tied in with the Minoan
       | civilization and Santorini.
       | 
       | While an interesting enough piece, it certainly isn't a novel
       | theory.
        
         | Amezarak wrote:
         | This is one theory, but it is certainly not established or the
         | consensus view.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | To the degree that there's a consensus view, it's probably
           | that Atlantis didn't exist in reality. (Or, at best, is based
           | on very weak echoes of something that existed.) To the degree
           | that it is based, however loosely on historical reality,
           | Santorini is one of the better candidates.
        
       | pard68 wrote:
       | I was under the impression that Atlantis had to be further west
       | towards Spain as it was something of a gateway to the
       | Mediterranean.
        
         | regularfry wrote:
         | It is in the right place to be a "gateway to the Mediterranean"
         | if you're coming south from the Aegean. If you squint a bit.
        
         | pyinstallwoes wrote:
         | More like Cuba.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | Southern Spain, in the Dona Ana National Park near Cadiz, was
         | the location decided on by this project:
         | 
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42072469
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Just like someone had very convincing evidence that Delphi
           | was actually Delft, in The Netherlands. I can't find any
           | reference to it anymore, but he published a book. Odysseus
           | apparently traveled the North Sea, or something silly like
           | that.
           | 
           | Found it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Troy_Once_Stood
           | 
           | Troy was located in Cambridgeshire.
        
             | pard68 wrote:
             | Makes sense if true. The Norse were renown in the Arabian
             | and Rome as excellent mercenaries. I suspect travel
             | northward occurred as well.
        
       | wholien wrote:
       | perhaps also related to the "Sea Peoples" during the bronze age
       | collapse ~3,0000 years ago?
       | 
       | Could see how the people of the Aegean could produce myths like
       | Atlantis when they themselves were invading Egypt and most likely
       | became the Philistines of the Old Testament, aka Goliath's people
       | (local greek pottery discovered there, as well as descriptions of
       | helmets etc lend credence to Philistines being the invading
       | Greeks)
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | The sea people are probably what we consider now barbarians.
         | They can be powerful when an empire is going through a weak
         | period but they do not have an established civilization (they
         | are nomads and survive from plunder)
        
         | Maken wrote:
         | For what I understand, the Sea Peoples invasions are the basis
         | for the Iliad stories, with real Troy being destroyed in the
         | Bronze Age collapse.
        
           | kromem wrote:
           | Kind of. Homer is combining two separate events into one.
           | 
           | You have the LBA Mycenaean conquest of Anatolia establishing
           | a foothold which correlates to the catalogue of ships
           | (~1400-1350 BCE).
           | 
           | And then you have the sea peoples conquest of Troy taking it
           | back from the Hittites in the early Iron Age (~1200-1180
           | BCE).
           | 
           | In between that time you have letters from the Hittites
           | pursuing a refugee asking the Ahhiyawa to hand him over from
           | Troy (so presumably the pre-Greeks already had influence over
           | Troy), then later referring to their own vassal in charge of
           | the city.
           | 
           | The sea peoples are primarily Anatolian and from the Aegean
           | isles. They don't seem to be from the Greek mainland, whereas
           | the Mycenaeans were.
           | 
           | So you have a predominantly Greek story of the initial LBA
           | conquest, and then a quite mixed group conquering their own
           | homelands which happens in the early Iron Age.
           | 
           | Homer rolls them up into one story of a predominantly Greek
           | conquest of Troy, and as a result the Greeks had an entirely
           | broken picture of the LBA/EIA period, from Perseus being his
           | own grandfather based on the sources to thinking the
           | Argonauts (a sea people story) happened before the Mycenaean
           | catalogue of ships when it was the other way around.
           | 
           | You can even match details in both parts of the story to
           | independent events recorded in Egypt during each of the
           | respective periods.
        
         | myth_drannon wrote:
         | Yes, it's well established that Philistines were Greek sailors
         | that were invading Egypt. After Revolt of Maccabees against
         | Greek Seleucid empire (Jewish holiday of Hannukah), a
         | Philistine Gaza that was a Greek stronghold, was conquered by
         | one of the revolt leaders (Jonathan the Hasmonean).
        
         | kromem wrote:
         | You actually see the story about an elite sea peoples warrior
         | being killed by a shepherd throwing a stone in the Argonautica.
         | 
         | The thing is, it's shortly after their prophet Mopsus died in
         | the desert as they wandered by foot back from a conflict in
         | North Africa, remarkably similar to a prophet Moses dying in
         | the desert as different tribes wander by foot back from a
         | conflict in North Africa.
         | 
         | Which ends up very interesting given the Aegean style pottery
         | made with local clay in Tel Dan, the mention of Dan staying on
         | their ships in Judges 5, the descendent of Moses going with Dan
         | in Judges 18, and then the Denyen sea peoples in Adana
         | recording their rulers as belonging to the House of Mopsus.
         | Particularly in light of Ezekiel 27:19 where Dan and the Greeks
         | are trading together with Tyre in goods that seem likely to
         | come from the Ahhiyawa and Denyen geographies.
         | 
         | There's an important missing piece to understanding the context
         | of the sea peoples that's unfortunately overlooked given the
         | version of the story that was claimed by Hecataeus of Adbera to
         | have recently been changed by subsequent conquests is the only
         | version seriously looked at while the Greek and Egyptian
         | accounts are broadly ignored.
         | 
         | If you're interested in the topic, I recommend looking over the
         | details of the battle of Kadesh inscriptions, particularly
         | noting how Ramses II captured twelve groups of tribes, one for
         | each son with him. At least one of those tribes (the Lukka) are
         | among the first mention of "sea peoples" when they are allied
         | with Libya in a single day battle against Merneptah - which
         | bears striking resemblance to Odysseus's single day battle in
         | Egypt right after Troy falls. He hangs out in Egypt for 7 years
         | until "a certain Phrygian" shows up and tries to ransom him to
         | Libya. Interestingly, exactly seven years after the sea peoples
         | battle is when the usurper Pharoh Amenmesse (going by 'Msy' in
         | Papyrus Salt 124) conquered Egypt.
         | 
         | The picture is a bit more complex than any one ethnocentric
         | story centuries later retells it, and the scholars in antiquity
         | that had Moses as one of the Argonauts or had Greek ancestors
         | as part of the Exodus may have been more relevant than we give
         | tend to regard them.
        
           | dormento wrote:
           | Just wanted to say that this is really interesting, and part
           | of why I keep coming back to hn. Thanks for the new
           | perspective.
        
           | dlisboa wrote:
           | I'm becoming interested in comparative mythology and
           | religious historiography, it seems you have some pointers in
           | this area. Do you have any books to recommend? I'm very
           | interested in a materialistic explanation of religion, the
           | relation of myths to events at the time is intriguing to me.
        
       | bazoom42 wrote:
       | Worth noting Atlantis wasn't some widely known legend like Troy.
       | We literally only know it from Plato, who used it as a moral
       | fable.
       | 
       | No Greek historian mention Atlantis. No Greek myth or epic
       | mention Atlantis.
       | 
       | We might also ask where the fabled cave from The Republic is
       | actually located.
        
         | civilitty wrote:
         | A surprising number of the cultural myths that have entered
         | western canon were born out of obvious fiction. The Holy Grail
         | and Fountain of Youth being prime examples.
        
         | emblaegh wrote:
         | I'd be very careful about assuming the legend was made up by
         | Plato just because it's not widely attested in writings of the
         | time.
         | 
         | It's likely that most of stories from oral tradition have never
         | been put down to writing, and most of those who did were
         | probably lost through the filter of time (along with the vast
         | majority or ancient Greek literature).
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | Which do you think is more likely:
           | 
           | - Plato conceived of it a as part of an allegory on the
           | hubris of nations, OR
           | 
           | - it actually was real and there's zero evidence for it
        
             | rustymonday wrote:
             | Plato says that the story is absolutely true multiple
             | times. I don't think we should blame Plato for what may be
             | attributed to our own ignorance.
        
               | empath-nirvana wrote:
               | "Plato" absolutely does not say the story is true.
               | "Plato" almost never spoke in his dialogues and you can't
               | assume that anything that anyone says in one of his
               | dialogues accords with his own beliefs, although
               | frequently the closest speaker to Plato's beliefs is
               | Socrates.
               | 
               | The story of Atlantis is told by Critias, who heard the
               | story second hand.
        
               | suoduandao3 wrote:
               | Plato saying something is absolutely true actually makes
               | me think it's more likely he's talking about an allegory,
               | given his hierarchy of what he considered 'real'.
        
             | emblaegh wrote:
             | Third option, it was legend going around for generations
             | (with maybe a kernel of truth), that Plato picked to make a
             | point.
        
             | hnfong wrote:
             | Since you're trying to attribute subjective probabilities
             | to things with "zero evidence", it seems the only
             | disagreement here is about one's priors.
             | 
             | You probably think your methodology is "evidence based"
             | though.
        
             | weatherlight wrote:
             | There's is evidence for it. (Plato's account) Is it good
             | evidence? that's up for debate clearly.
             | 
             | whats strange is that plato's account of Atlantis is
             | detialed with specific measurements and descriptions of the
             | layout of the city, ( and its temples, and the organization
             | of the society.) This level of detail interpreted by some
             | as an attempt to describe a real place rather than a purely
             | symbolic or allegorical one.
             | 
             | Unlike other Greek myths (or allegories), the story of
             | atlantis is not populated with gods interfering in the
             | affairs of men, mythical creatures, or heroes of divine
             | descent. Plato didnt have a track record of fabricating
             | tales completely, especially since he presents atlantis in
             | a matter-of-fact way within dialogues that are otherwise
             | serious philosophical texts.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | also, if you go and check out Homer's description of
               | Troy, there isn't the level of detail that Plato provides
               | for Atlantis, or at least his understanding of Atlantis.
               | Whether or not Atlantis existed, it would seem to me that
               | at least Plato thought of fit as a real place rather than
               | an allegorical one.
               | 
               | Usually when a mythical city is described, the author
               | highlights their mystery, utopian qualities, or moral
               | lessons they impart, rather than providing a blueprint of
               | their layout and structure.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Some people have pointed out that the layout is similar
               | to Syracuse, which Plato had recently been living in.
        
               | d0mine wrote:
               | There is a map of Middle-Earth. It doesn't mean the place
               | is real.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | The map of middle earth isn't in the middle of a
               | philosophical treatise on understanding the nature of the
               | physical world and the composition of the universe.....
               | :/
        
               | yesbabyyes wrote:
               | It's rather in the middle of a story populated with
               | (demi-)gods interfering in the affairs of men, mythical
               | creatures, and heroes of elvish descent. And hobbitses.
               | Filthy, nasty hobbitses!
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | :)
        
         | pyinstallwoes wrote:
         | Absolutely, need we not mention when maps mention something
         | like Terra Australis which clearly denote a continent that
         | hasn't been discovered by historians then it must clearly be a
         | moral fable. May we trust in the dogma of the great
         | interpreters of history.
         | 
         | Example of the beautiful wash of mind (see talk page):
         | 
         | > Terra Australis is a legendary/theoretical continent, not
         | based on sightings of the real Antarctica
         | 
         | Ah, such conviction for someone to have of a past that they
         | never directly experienced. It's remarkable! Especially when
         | the map is the same size of the object it represents. Lest you
         | not think in haste, it is certainly not that which it is.
        
           | Cpoll wrote:
           | > Especially when the map is the same size of the object it
           | represents.
           | 
           | Which map? Most maps that have the hypothetical landmass
           | place it with the South Pole at its center, with land
           | spreading outward as far as will fit with the known
           | landmasses.
           | 
           | They also make it many times larger than Australia (usually
           | to conform to the theory that the hemispheres should have
           | equal landmass).
        
         | speak_plainly wrote:
         | The reason for the lack of Greek history on the topic is
         | because it was a closely guarded Egyptian piece of knowledge,
         | apparently.
         | 
         | The story of 'Atlantis' as Plato knew it, came to him from
         | Critias (the younger) through his father, Critias (the elder,
         | also Plato's great grandfather), who got it from his father
         | Dropides who received it directly from Solon, who learned of
         | the story from his time in Egypt, specifically via priests in
         | Sais who supposedly maintained an artifact from this lost
         | civilization.
         | 
         | It's clear that Plato's recanting of the story is embellished,
         | he probably made up a great number or all of details to support
         | his ideas and what he was trying to get across, but it's also
         | possible that there are germs of truth in the story, such an
         | ancient civilization being destroyed that Egyptians were aware
         | of.
         | 
         | It's not a stretch to imagine that Egyptians had knowledge of
         | ancient civilizations, or that secret knowledge was revealed to
         | Greeks, and it's not stretch that civilizations rose and fell
         | all over the Earth. There isn't much to hang your hat on but I
         | think we can charitably assume there was some real basis to the
         | story that Plato based his writing on.
         | 
         | Did ancient Egyptians poses knowledge of the Americas and
         | encounter its population? Or was it a story about a local group
         | of people? Or perhaps it was a general story of a pre-historic
         | civilization and the associated cataclysms that ended it? Who
         | knows, but I don't think you can say with certainty that it
         | existed, or it didn't exist at all.
        
           | Sprocklem wrote:
           | We also have no surviving Egyptian accounts of Atlantis. It
           | was not uncommon, however, for Greeks to attribute fictional
           | and fabricated information to the Egyptians due to how
           | relatively ancient - and therefore, wise - they were believed
           | to be.
        
             | TheCleric wrote:
             | To be fair, if there were any Egyptian accounts, they could
             | very well have disappeared with the Library of Alexandria.
             | 
             | Not that it means that Atlantis WAS historic, just we can't
             | use absence of evidence to infer evidence of absence.
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | > I don't think you can say with certainty that it existed,
           | or it didn't exist at all.
           | 
           | Certainty is a red hearing. You cannot say anything with
           | absolute certainty. The question is whether there is evidence
           | to support the conjecture. For Atlantis, there isn't much and
           | so there really isn't any rational reason to believe it
           | existed. If more compelling evidence arises, that is the time
           | to believe, but not before.
        
           | empath-nirvana wrote:
           | The ancient greeks (and romans) often claimed that some piece
           | of writing was sourced from ancient knowledge -- the
           | egyptians and the chaldeans (babylonians) being frequent
           | purported sources -- sometimes they even sourced things to
           | particular people/gods (Hermes, Orpheus, Pythagoras,
           | Zarathustra). Many (probably most) of those attributions were
           | probably false.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | India and Tibet also do this; if you come up with a new
             | work of philosophy, you have to say it's a newly found
             | ancient work from Buddha you found under a rock or was
             | dictated to you in your dreams from your past life. If you
             | wrote it yourself, nobody would respect it.
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | > India and Tibet also do this
               | 
               | Do as in, even in present day?
        
               | empath-nirvana wrote:
               | I wouldn't generalize to like, the entire nations of
               | India and Tibet, but it's an _extremely_ common
               | phenomenon even in the US, even today. Just look at how
               | many spurious quotes are ascribed to "great thinkers"
               | (abe lincoln, gandhi, albert einstein). It happens even
               | with relatively contemporary figures when we have
               | voluminous historical evidence available to disprove it
               | -- imagine how often it happened before the internet and
               | printing press. I have this pet theory that the origin of
               | the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_source was just
               | someone trying to write down all the stuff that anybody
               | anywhere said that Jesus said in one place, so that
               | people would stop making up shit.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Buddhists still do it (called "terma"), but I don't think
               | it's necessary to call your secular philosophy works
               | Buddhism anymore.
               | 
               | And of course people in the US often make things up and
               | call it ancient Asian wisdom too, but usually aphorisms
               | rather than whole books.
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | > it was a closely guarded Egyptian piece of knowledge,
           | apparently.
           | 
           | Apparently no more closely guarded than they told it to some
           | Greek guy who told it to a famous author who put it a book.
           | 
           | Apparently the Egyptians hadn't learned the secret about
           | secrets: If you want to keep something a secret, you shouldnt
           | tell people about it.
        
             | empath-nirvana wrote:
             | Interestingly, Plato himself was famously guarded about
             | what he told people and he likely had esoteric teachings
             | that he never wrote down or talked about in public
             | (although they can be sort of derived through what
             | aristotle and other contemporaries said about them)
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato%27s_unwritten_doctrines
        
         | weatherlight wrote:
         | > We might also ask where the fabled cave from The Republic is
         | actually located.
         | 
         | Certainly. Plato's Allegory of the Cave is clearly a metaphor
         | for enlightenment, with no pretense of being a literal place.
         | However, his depiction of Atlantis in "Timaeus" and "Critias"
         | is detailed and concrete, lacking the overt symbolism of his
         | allegories. This detail might imply that Plato intended for
         | Atlantis to be considered as more than just a metaphorical
         | construct, perhaps as a tale grounded in some form of
         | historical tradition.
        
         | toltek wrote:
         | The name itself - Atlantis - was a late invention. There is
         | more records under its older name - Lanka. And iirc, India has
         | stories about Ravana - the last, rogue, king of that empire.
        
           | seanhunter wrote:
           | Do you have a source that Lanka was an older name for
           | Atlantis (ie that it referred to the same specific place)?
        
       | tdrgabi wrote:
       | I liked the JRE episode with Jimmy Corsetti. He thinks he found
       | the traces of Atlantis in west Africa.
       | 
       | It was an entertaining episode to listen to, not being a scholar,
       | it's hard to know if he's right or not.
       | 
       | Here's a clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_R1zoY9kWs
        
         | pestatije wrote:
         | JRE - The Joe Rogan Experience
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Jimmy has yet to utter a sensible word.
         | 
         | At 10:45: Somebody who jumps from "A city that was busy all
         | day, all night" to "it must be millions of people like New
         | York" can only be described as daft.
         | 
         | There is scholarly work on Atlantis. And this clown mentions
         | none of it.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Was it about the Eye of the Sahara? That is quite the
         | interesting geological feature.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richat_Structure
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | Not having listened to it, I'd guess he's referring to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richat_Structure, a very large
         | circular rock structure in Africa. And also one where the
         | archaeological evidence shows nothing more than periodic
         | visitation by nomadic peoples, nothing like the supposed state
         | society Atlantis would have been.
        
           | WhereIsTheTruth wrote:
           | If you can't imagine a green Sahara, can you imagine a rich
           | Civilization living there?
           | 
           | The transition is hard to believe, yet has happened multiple
           | times
           | 
           | https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/climate-change/new-
           | research-...
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | A rich civilisation (possibly in the millions), leaving
             | absolutely no trace in any shape or form? Maybe time to
             | apply Occam's Razor.
             | 
             | On the other hand, a green north Africa is well
             | established. And it turns out that the Ancient Egyptians
             | might have descended from hunter-gatherers who were driven
             | towards the nile as the grasslands gave way to desert. For
             | all of which there is archaeological evidence.
        
             | huytersd wrote:
             | It's very easy to imagine a green Sahara. Where do you
             | think all the oil in the Middle East came from.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | I can imagine a green Sahara, as I could imagine a
             | civilization. What I can't imagine is a civilization that
             | exists without leaving any archaeological trace of itself.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | The Richat Structure is the fool's Atlantis. It's just a load
         | of circles guys, that doesn't make it Atlantis.
         | 
         | Atlantis was in Tunisia:
         | https://medcraveonline.com/IJH/IJH-05-00275.pdf
        
       | duped wrote:
       | No, it was an allegory.
        
         | RecycledEle wrote:
         | If you were there, then I trust your recollection :o)
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | There is tiny problem with this theory. Namely Santorini is (and
       | by all accounts always was) a _tiny_ island. Contrast with:
       | 
       | > "for in front of the mouth which you Greeks call, as you say,
       | 'the pillars of Heracles,' there lay an island which was larger
       | than Libya and Asia together" [1]
       | 
       | Whatever the definition of "Libya and Asia" implied here, its
       | kinda hard to reconcile. Like by a factor between 100x - 1000x
       | :-)
       | 
       | Who knows what kind of convolution of themes, imaginary and real,
       | spanning time and space may have been folded together in these
       | enigmatic passages.
       | 
       | Which leads to the broader question, what fraction of puzzles we
       | inherited from these very early patchy historical artifacts we'll
       | we ever be able to resolve?
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | TIL Atlantis was larger than a quarter the planet and then
         | mysteriously vanished without a trace.
         | 
         | Seems legit.
        
           | johngladtj wrote:
           | Asia was at the time understood more as Asia minor (read
           | current day Anatolia/western part of turkey).
           | 
           | Lygia too was only a small section of what we currently name
           | Libya.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | That's a lot more reasonable, but that still doesn't
             | exactly fit into the Mediterranean without making a
             | continental bridge to Africa. Maybe as the Azores or Canary
             | islands if they used to be higher.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | "The pillars of Heracles" as referred to by Plato means
               | the strait of Gibraltar. So yes, you're spot on with the
               | location.
               | 
               | Not that there's any islands the size of Turkey there ;)
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | One fanciful chain of hypothetical events is the Younger
               | Dryas Impact leading to both higher sea levels and the
               | subsidence of the Azores. That series of events is, a
               | comet impacted the North American glacial ice sheet and
               | melted immense amounts of ice. Simultaneously this
               | removed immense amounts of weight from the continent. The
               | removal of weight causes the land to rise where the
               | weight was removed. This rise must be compensated by some
               | other part of the globe. This would be areas that were
               | being pushed out by the weight on North America. There is
               | a rift below the Azores, a weak spot in the crust, that
               | would be squeezed out. As the weight is near instantly
               | removed from North America the rift areas sink rapidly to
               | compensate.
               | 
               | A maritime civilization on the level of the Phoenicians,
               | on an island the size of Turkey, in the middle of the
               | Atlantic would be in an ideal position for trans-Atlantic
               | trade that is even easier than trans-Atlantic trade in
               | our age of sail. If such a civilization existed it would
               | be fantastically wealthy facilitating trade between the
               | Amazon and the Nile. This civilization built in an ideal
               | position during the 2.5 million year Pleistocene would
               | have a very long time to develop a high level of
               | technology.
               | 
               | Like I said, it is fanciful. But, the physics of it are
               | known. Cosmic impacts have reshaped the planet multiple
               | times. Something changed the planet drastically in a very
               | short amount of time that ended the Pleistocene. I like
               | to entertain the idea that a previous global civilization
               | existed that had conquered the long running ice age
               | environment. A cosmic impact rapidly changed the
               | environment and the civilization couldn't survive the
               | upheaval. It doesn't matter one bit to me if it is true
               | other than to remind me, like every other ancient
               | civilization, that nothing, no matter how great, is
               | forever.
        
             | rmah wrote:
             | Did the rest of Asia not realize they existed?
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | I think it's pretty obvious that Plato's literal description is
         | complete nonsense. What makes these historical fables
         | interesting is when you ask whether they could be based on real
         | events. Because sometimes there are real historical events that
         | match them in some central details, despite being completely
         | off in others.
         | 
         | This is a field of speculation of course; there's never any
         | hard proof that the author was influenced by those events, but
         | the similarities are intriguing nonetheless.
         | 
         | Other, similar examples:
         | 
         | * King Arthur and Riothamus
         | 
         | * Noah's flood and the flooding of the Black Sea (or more
         | likely a massive flood of the Tigris and Eufrates)
         | 
         | You can never prove that these events did influence the author,
         | but it's intriguing to speculate that they might be.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I like the idea that the flood myths across the world come
           | from the ice age melting 10k years ago.
        
             | Attrecomet wrote:
             | I find it so wholly unconvincing that it annoys me whenever
             | it is presented as anything more than quite idle
             | speculation, even if by academics (not here in this
             | particular comment chain, mind you).
             | 
             | It fails to convince me because it rests on two basic
             | claims that I just cannot make myself believe: that humans
             | are incapable of inventing grand, exaggerated stories, and
             | that word of mouth, so inferior to writing for conveying
             | information through the ages, somehow suddenly becomes a
             | gold standard that can hold the kernel of a story true for
             | a multiple of the time span of history.
             | 
             | Occam's Razor just screams that actually, every
             | civilization across the world having their version of flood
             | myths means that humans live in places where floods are
             | important, life-defining catastrophes. this is true of
             | every single habitat I'm aware of, up to and including
             | deserts. It's "7000 (or whatever exactly) years of oral
             | tradition before some Sumerian writes it down that captures
             | anything useful" vs "Listen 'ere, grandchildren, did I tell
             | you tykes the story of when I was your age, and my
             | grandpappy put us all in boat with the sheep because of the
             | flood? I couldn't see no land no more, so much water it
             | was. Sigh, even the floods where better in my time, you
             | don't know how good yer got it (repeat and aggrandize for
             | three more generations)", and knowing humans, only one is
             | instantly believable.
             | 
             | It also solves the annoying conundrum of Native Americans
             | also having flood myths, despite the Black Sea flood
             | happening definitely well after they lost contact with the
             | Old World.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | It may be unlikely, and perhaps "unconvincing", but
               | honestly curious - why does it annoy you?
               | 
               | The idea that the flood myths came from an oral tradition
               | ten thousand years ago doesn't even require the first
               | assumption you mentioned (i.e. "that humans are incapable
               | of inventing grand, exaggerated stories"). It may be that
               | among the myths, most of them are grand exaggerated
               | stories, but this one is real.
               | 
               | As for how long oral traditions can survive without
               | writing -- it's up to anyone's guess isn't it?
               | 
               | I mean, to be honest I have no idea what's actually true,
               | and I don't think anyone (including you) does either. So
               | why be annoyed when people bring up a possibility, not
               | disproven, just merely _unlikely_ in your framework, a
               | framework that 's not indisputably valid at that?
        
               | nologic01 wrote:
               | We have so thoroughly lost the art of oral information
               | transmission it is hard to even have a gut feeling as to
               | how it may have worked over generations.
               | 
               | For example did people distinguish "fact from fiction" as
               | they were passing along stories (in some way we would
               | recognize today)?
               | 
               | I somehow doubt that "fact checking" had to wait for
               | Thucydides (in the Hellenic world) [1] as it seems like
               | an important survival attribute, but how did they signal
               | that the story coming up should be taken at face value or
               | with a grain of salt?
               | 
               | [1] Herodotus has been criticized for his inclusion of
               | "legends and fanciful accounts" in his work. The
               | contemporaneous historian Thucydides accused him of
               | making up stories for entertainment.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus
        
               | Attrecomet wrote:
               | That is a good question, and one where I had to do some
               | self examination. I think it is because of the closeness
               | of these claims to just-so stories, despite their posing
               | as science ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-so_story
               | ). That is, stories that fit empirical data to an
               | explanation of it, without ever considering at any point
               | if there is any reason to discard it, or if your
               | hypothesis can even be disproved -- like the famous "not
               | even wrong" quip by Wolfgang Pauli.
               | 
               | > I mean, to be honest I have no idea what's actually
               | true, and I don't think anyone (including you) does
               | either. So why be annoyed when people bring up a
               | possibility, not disproven, just merely unlikely...
               | 
               | I'd like to point out that I'm not at all annoyed at
               | people talking about the possibility _in potentia_. I
               | disagree that it 's a good possibility, but I am only
               | annoyed when this is presented by professionals, most
               | probably scientific journalists*, as something we should
               | expect to be probable. This also extends (a bit unfairly,
               | I guess) to amateurs repeating that claim as truth --
               | this is just bad pop science.
               | 
               | I do think, however, that the two quoted sentences above
               | do at least imply a logical fallacy: of course we don't
               | know the truth in this case. This does not make any kind
               | of speculation an equally valid hypothesis to any other,
               | there are distinctions, as per Russel's Teapot. And a
               | claim as maximalist as "all the worlds flooding myths
               | come from the Black Sea" better have some actual evidence
               | to back it up, or be preceded with "In further
               | publications, it might be interesting to look for
               | evidence that ..." in the paper.
               | 
               | > As for how long oral traditions can survive without
               | writing -- it's up to anyone's guess isn't it?
               | 
               | Similarly, the logical conclusion of that is not "there
               | are stories that have been passed down from our common
               | time in Africa 200k years ago, because who knows how far
               | oral history can go" but rather "until there is actual
               | evidence to the contrary, oral tradition remains suspect
               | as a carrier of stories". We do know that correct
               | details, at least, can be transported over centuries: the
               | Iliad contains descriptions of soldiering that are, in
               | part, clearly Late Bronze Age Mycenaean, though by the
               | time it was written down the authors were unable to
               | disentangle these tidbits from descriptions more fitting
               | to the Archaic Age. That is the upper bound that I'm
               | aware of: a few hundred years, information strongly
               | mangled, but still recognizable if you know what to look
               | for. How do you propose to go from there to an order of
               | magnitude more? Of course, you might reply "you can't
               | disprove it", to which my reply stays the same: then
               | there is absolutely no reason to believe it true.
               | 
               | * I checked the original paper about the deluge, the
               | authors didn't mention all of the worlds flooding myths
               | at all in there. The wild speculation wisely appears in a
               | book they published, which I do not have and which seems
               | to propose a connection of all Indo-European and Egyptian
               | myths. This is a far cry from "the Chinese are unable to
               | think of a flooding myth themselves".
               | 
               | Update: a bit of searching around has mainly offered up
               | thinly-disguised young earth creationist sites or sites
               | clearly pointing out the problems as well as the allure
               | of the "all flood myths are from the Black Sea Deluge"
               | speculation. Maybe I should go softer on science
               | journalism here...
        
           | FFP999 wrote:
           | My theory about the Noah's Ark story is that Noah was a real
           | person, who was a bit more skilled at reading the weather
           | than his neighbors, and predicted a bad rainy season in time
           | to build a boat large enough to save his family and some of
           | his livestock. The rest is just the tale growing in the
           | telling.
        
           | Kevin09210 wrote:
           | >Exploration of the Black Sea shelf reveals two major shelf-
           | crossing unconformities. The older unconformity separates
           | mostly-barren deposits of late glacial age from overlying
           | Neoeunxiain sediment containing fresh to brackish fauna. This
           | unconformity can be traced over the shelf edge to depths
           | beyond -140 m. The substrate below is dry, firm, and contains
           | unchallenged evidence of subaerial exposure at least to
           | depths of -110 m. The Neoeuxinian cover is present on the
           | outer shelf and is preserved, though incompletely, in
           | depressions on the middle and inner shelf. It is even found
           | as subsurface valley fill in the coastal limans and Sea of
           | Azov. The Neoeuxinian on the shelf represents a transgression
           | leading to a highstand at ~ -20 m below today's sea surface,
           | which was reached by 10,000 BP (uncorrected). Sediments with
           | marine fauna lie above the Neoeuxinian and are separated from
           | it by a sand to gravel layer that represents a younger
           | unconformity. In the limans, the hiatus between the
           | Neoeuxinian and overlying Bugazian is called "peririf" and on
           | the shelf a "washout." Dune fields between -65 and -80 m and
           | wave-truncated terraces with beach-like berms at -90 to -100
           | m contain shell material dated between 9500 and 8500 BP,
           | suggesting that the younger unconformity represents a post-
           | Younger Dryas regression that took the surface of the Black
           | Sea's lake below the level of the global ocean.
           | 
           | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5302-3_.
           | ..
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | There's no need to go searching for the "real" Noah and an
           | "actual" flood in the distant past. It seems that most early
           | civilizations that developed on alluvial _flood_ plains come
           | up with flood myths that explain the destruction and rebirth
           | of civilizations because they saw floods and rebuilding on a
           | fairly regular basis. Ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians,
           | Chinese, Indians, etc. all have flood myths that are
           | strikingly similar to the Noah myth. Sometimes even building
           | a boat to save the animals because the gods told him. IMO, it
           | 's almost certain that the ancient Hebrews picked up on one
           | (or more) of these myths and incorporated it into their own
           | culture.
        
             | hnfong wrote:
             | > Ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Chinese, Indians, etc.
             | all have flood myths that are strikingly similar to the
             | Noah myth.
             | 
             | Not sure about the others, but at least the Chinese "flood
             | myth", the legend of Yu the Great, is qualitatively
             | different from the Noah myth. It involves non-cataclysmic,
             | recurring floods that the "government" wanted to control.
             | There was no saving animals on a big boat and restarting
             | civilization. It basically involved a big engineering
             | project of directing water flow to where it's needed.
             | 
             | The Noah flood myths seem to describe floods of a much
             | scarier kind, the kinds that have the potential to wipe out
             | civilizations, as opposed to ones happening on a "fairly
             | regular basis". Given that sea water levels rose tens of
             | meters during the Younger Dryas (that's what google tells
             | me at least), it seems conceivable that the movement of
             | such massive amounts of water during these periods would
             | have given rise to such stories.
        
               | rmah wrote:
               | Civilization to early man was not global, it was local.
               | And yes, the Chinese myth you mention doesn't include a
               | guy saving animals on a boat. But the indian Manu and
               | Matsya myth does. As does the Ziusudra myth and the
               | Gilgamesh flood myth of the Sumerian. And the And the
               | Videvdad of ancient Iran, and the Pu Sangkasa-Ya Sangkasi
               | of ancient Thailand (though here it's a giant magical
               | gourd rather that a ship), and many many more.
               | 
               | What is common is that "everything" gets destroyed, a few
               | survive to rebuild.
               | 
               | Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flood_myths
        
             | Attrecomet wrote:
             | > It seems that most early civilizations that developed on
             | alluvial flood plains...
             | 
             | I'd go even further: there is no human habitat at all where
             | floods are not dangerous catastrophes. The coast and
             | alluvial plains trivially so, but mountains and deserts,
             | too.
        
               | seanhunter wrote:
               | I might be misunderstanding your point, but Egyptian
               | civilisation was entirely based on the flooding of the
               | Nile bringing fertility to the farmlands. It wasn't a
               | dangerous catastrophe, it was a benevolent event that was
               | celebrated with religious feasts etc dedicated to Isis
               | iirc (long time since I read my Egyptian mythology).
        
         | colanderman wrote:
         | He could have been conflating Santorini and Crete, which is a
         | much larger island which was also home to the Minoans. Not
         | larger than modern-day Libya, but perhaps larger than the
         | populated area of Libya at the time.
        
           | neaden wrote:
           | When the Greeks of Plato's time talked about Libya they
           | aren't talking about the modern country, they mean Africa
           | west of the Nile which is considerably larger, though they
           | didn't realize the full extent of Africa's size.
        
       | alehlopeh wrote:
       | This eruption happened in the 16th century BCE, so Plato was
       | writing about it over 1000 years after it happened. I'm skeptical
       | a story can be passed down that long through oral tradition
       | without changes, so no surprise all the details don't match up. I
       | would even venture to say that since the focus of this discussion
       | is "something someone once wrote down" and keeping in mind that
       | "people can write down anything they want to" I would say it was
       | completely invented as a thought experiment.
       | 
       | But I'll also take that Plato could have used an existing folk
       | tale describing that very event as the basis for a point he was
       | trying to make. Especially if his audience was already familiar
       | with said folk tale.
        
         | macrolocal wrote:
         | Nb. Plato claims Solon found written records of 'Atlantis' on a
         | visit to Egypt, around 600 BC. That seems consistent with the
         | Santorini hypothesis and Egyptian historians.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | > But I'll also take that Plato could have used an existing
         | folk tale describing that very event as the basis for a point
         | he was trying to make.
         | 
         | Seems reasonable as well. What comes to mind for me is a
         | (Western?) tradition of writing fiction as if it were reality
         | that takes place in a foreign land. Isn't that kind of a thing?
         | Maybe my brain is extrapolating an untrue connection, if
         | someone here with more literary experience needs to shoot this
         | down that's ok.
        
           | empath-nirvana wrote:
           | This would be a reasonable thing to believe if plato didn't
           | frequently make up tales like this as allegory out of whole
           | cloth, including more than one example _in the same dialogue_
           | 
           | There are multiple examples of 'myth-like' stories whose only
           | attestation is a platonic dialogue.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myth_of_Er
           | 
           | here's another example.
        
       | Balgair wrote:
       | For HNer's that would like to read the account by Plato, most of
       | his discussion is in _Critias_ , here:
       | 
       | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1571/1571-h/1571-h.htm
       | 
       | It's one of the shortest dialogs and can quickly be read.
       | 
       | Another brief part is in _Timaeus_ , here:
       | 
       | https://classics.mit.edu/Plato/timaeus.html
       | 
       | I'd CTRL+F for 'Atlantis' to get the relevant part, as the rest
       | of the text isn't too relevant to the Atlantis myth. It's a very
       | short passage, relatively.
       | 
       | That's all that time has left us from Plato's accounts, just the
       | two stories. It;s really not all that much, considering the ink
       | split since then.
        
         | empath-nirvana wrote:
         | Reading it like this is the source of the confusion that so
         | many people have about the nature of the story -- people walk
         | away with the impression that the dialogue is in some sense
         | "about" atlantis, and if you read the entire dialogue it's
         | clear that Plato is interested in far more abstract concerns --
         | it's about the nature of things, the creation of the universe
         | and the nature of divinity and consciousness. Given that
         | context the idea that Plato just randomly included a random
         | story about an island blowing up as factual reporting is
         | ridiculous. He rolls directly from atlantis to talking about
         | the Demiurge -- which, btw, is another myth that seems to have
         | been entirely the invention of Plato.
        
       | pjungwir wrote:
       | I can't say much about Atlantis, but my favorite Greek geography
       | tale is from Herodotus, who says the Egyptians sent an expedition
       | around Africa, traveling down the Red Sea then back through the
       | Pillars of Hercules. But he says he's skeptical because how can
       | anyone believe their claim that the sun rose & set in the north
       | ("on their right")?
        
         | empath-nirvana wrote:
         | This is a good counterexample for when you should believe a
         | story like this -- the author is a historian who made an effort
         | to "tell the truth" as best as he could, it doesn't describe
         | anything implausible, he was rightfully skeptical about his own
         | sources, and information that he used to say that the story was
         | probably false is now evidence that it might be true. Herodotus
         | wasn't immune from spreading bullshit(to say the least:
         | https://listverse.com/2015/04/08/10-historical-facts-that-
         | he...), but he at least gives you a good idea of where he was
         | getting the bullshit from and gives you all the information you
         | need to figure out if it was bullshit.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | no, Atlantis was a rhetorical device used to denounce the
       | profligacy of democratic rule, and how it will cause the collapse
       | of society (by nature overthrowing a corrupt and unnatural, as
       | they saw it, way of life.)
        
       | DonaldFisk wrote:
       | There is no mention that Plato placed Atlantis beyond the Pillars
       | of Hercules, which are usually identified with the Strait of
       | Gibraltar, i.e. in the Atlantic Ocean.
       | 
       | Atlantis is probably mythical, but it isn't the only mythical
       | Atlantic island to go missing. There's also Brasil (or Hy
       | Brasil), an island once regularly shown on maps off the coast of
       | Ireland:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil_(mythical_island)
       | https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/hy-brasil-ireland...
        
       | asimpletune wrote:
       | A few interesting things to mention about the Minoans. Their
       | artwork largely depicts leisure activities. Compare this to the
       | Mycenaeans whose artwork mostly depicted war. It's hard to say
       | for certain without being able to read their writing, but there's
       | a high chance that Minoan woman were equal members of their
       | society. The Minoans also are noteworthy for not having any major
       | defensive structures unlike the Mycenaeans, although around the
       | time of their collapse there is evidence of burn marks from war.
       | They were a very mercantile people trading all around the
       | Mediterranean, but with especially close ties to Egypt.
       | Specifically they imported advanced goods from there. Again, a
       | huge stumbling block is that we can't read their writing, but by
       | all accounts the Minoans seem to have been super wealthy,
       | educated, and civilized people. The Mycenaeans who took over most
       | likely adopted some of their customs, along with their vast trade
       | networks. Probably not unlike how the Romans reacted to the
       | Greeks when they conquered them.
       | 
       | Also, one other interesting tidbit to me, is that Zeus is from
       | Crete. I think it's interesting because Zeus is strong and
       | intelligent, like the Titan Cronos, but more importantly is he is
       | the God that brought justice. Maybe in ancient history there was
       | a time period that was marked by constant war and rule of the
       | strong over the weak, until a Minoan King named Zeus ended the
       | cycle? Who knows, but the list of things that point to Minoan
       | pedigree is really interesting. It's a shame we don't know more
       | about them. I think even if Atlantis per se wasn't mentioned much
       | in surviving writing, that nonetheless the Minoans must have left
       | a huge impact on proto-greeks and that carried onward to archaic
       | and classical Greece.
        
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