[HN Gopher] Earth's blobs are remnants of an ancient planetary c...
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       Earth's blobs are remnants of an ancient planetary collision
        
       Author : okl
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2023-11-02 15:15 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.asu.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.asu.edu)
        
       | swatcoder wrote:
       | Trust in the scientific community (which is approaching crisis)
       | gets eroded every time papers are overstated, like in the
       | headline here. The researchers ran a simulation that seems to
       | align with the scarce physical insights associated with the LLVP
       | "blobs" and the hypothesized Theia body. It's cool research and
       | invites more research attention being put in that direction.
       | That's very exciting on its own.
       | 
       | And thankfully, the article body exercises honest scientific
       | humility in its presentation, or at least strives too:
       | 
       | > _suggests_ , _proposes_ , _appears_ _that_ , _hypothesizes_ ,
       | etc
       | 
       | But the headline? Gotta get those clicks and shares! "We've done
       | it! We've figured out what the blobs are and it was that
       | cinematic ancient planetary collision that created the moon too!
       | Eureka!"
       | 
       | Of course, for a paper about geophysical and astronomical
       | history, the consequences of this kind of overstatement are
       | minor, but the editorial practice of doing so is a real problem
       | that we should all probably pay some more attention to.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Authors of articles in publications rarely get to write the
         | headlines. However, Hacker News people pay inordinate attention
         | to headlines, so we see statements like this: "trust in the
         | scientific community ... gets eroded" because of headlines. We
         | don't need to pay more attention to the problem of clickbait
         | headlines. We pay too much attention to that already. What
         | matters is the substance and interested people can dive deeper,
         | treating headlines and press releases with appropriate
         | skepticism.
        
           | swatcoder wrote:
           | I mean, you're right that the personal adaptation everyone
           | can start making today is to treat headlines and press
           | releases with appropriate skepticism.
           | 
           | But this isn't some fringe HN phenomenon where riled up nerds
           | focus on spurious details and make big complaints about them.
           | Headlines matter. Before social media, headlines are what
           | people read as they walked by the newsstand, what they heard
           | from the crier, what they saw on the overlay on the TV news
           | station in the lobby and at the gym. And now, in the age of
           | social media, headlines are an even louder currency of fact.
           | Almost all social media sites operate as headline + votes +
           | comments. There _are_ stories behind those headlines, a click
           | (and maybe a paywall) away, and the minority of
           | intellectually diligent communities like HN do a a good job
           | of surfacing the details into the comments so that bad
           | headlines are less toxic.
           | 
           | But our behavior here is _already_ the exception and we _do_
           | need to keep banging on _misrepresentative_ headlines. While
           | also a form of clickbait, they are a different and far more
           | irresponsible class of it than the than harmlessly,
           | wastefully vague click-for-the-mystery headlines that you 're
           | tired of hearing complaints about.
        
           | deprecative wrote:
           | It's not that HN folks pay inordinate attention to headlines
           | in isolation. I don't think you meant it that way, but that's
           | how it comes off. The issue is that people often don't read
           | the articles that the headlines are for. We can see this on
           | any social media app. For the purposes of this comment, maybe
           | discussion?, I think that HN, Reddit, Twitter (X), Facebook,
           | Instagram, etc., are all social media. Some folks might want
           | to squabble over exacts but to make things simple to discuss
           | I chose to define it as such.
           | 
           | For science in particular, I think it gets a bad wrap
           | generally because people don't like it when you tell them
           | something might be true then say it isn't. The general
           | population really doesn't seem to like it when the scientific
           | community says "we may have the answer for x, y, and/or z but
           | we don't know for certain." as that's too complex of a
           | thought to keep. We, generally, love to be told simple truths
           | for complex problems.
           | 
           | We see this in politics broadly, as well. When discussing
           | tickets as a SWE I know we tend to understand this by the
           | time we're intermediate developers and adapt our language
           | appropriately.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | HN policy is not to modify the headlines when posting
             | things, which I think exacerbates the issue.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > However, Hacker News people pay inordinate attention to
           | headlines, so we see statements like this: "trust in the
           | scientific community ... gets eroded" because of headlines.
           | 
           | Trust in HN's ability to think critically is eroded every
           | time circumstances force you to remind everyone of this.
           | 
           | It's always interesting to see which groups of people are
           | held responsible for other people misrepresenting them, and
           | which aren't.
        
         | ahmedfromtunis wrote:
         | This makes me sad. Now whenever some article with ambitious
         | claims pops up into view, my first reaction is "what's the
         | catch?"; i.e. what elemts of the research are overstated for
         | the sake of virality.
         | 
         | It's even more frustrating when done by what are considered
         | "mature" if not "reputable" publications. "Who am I supposed to
         | trust now?" is a question I never wanted to answer when it
         | comes to scientific research.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | > "Who am I supposed to trust now?" is a question I never
           | wanted to answer when it comes to scientific research.
           | 
           |  _Nullius in verba (Latin for "no one's words" or "take
           | nobody's word for it") is the motto of the Royal Society.
           | John Evelyn and other fellows of the Royal Society chose the
           | motto soon after the Society's founding in 1660._
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullius_in_verba
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | > But the headline?
         | 
         | If you search for Theia right now, you get the same headline
         | and story propagated across a number of publications who
         | syndicate their science news.
         | 
         | It appears that it takes one person placed in a position of
         | power (writing headlines) to screw this all up.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | The headline here is from a press release, so the culprit
           | here is the university press office.
        
             | ChainOfFools wrote:
             | relevant as ever:
             | 
             | The Science News Cycle
             | 
             | https://phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1174
             | 
             | Uni PR office at 2 o'clock
        
         | jlas wrote:
         | > The researchers ran a simulation that seems to align with the
         | scarce physical insights
         | 
         | Fwiw, we will probably never be able to directly observe the
         | contents of the mantle. Computer simulation has been a godsend
         | for geology research.
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | > Fwiw, we will probably never be able to directly observe
           | the contents of the mantle.
           | 
           | Unless this proposal goes forward someday:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/423239a
        
         | runeofdoom wrote:
         | Get real human beings to stop clicking on eyeball bait. Far
         | easier said than done, when the bait is ultimately being
         | generated not by other individual human beings, but
         | corporations (effectively slow-AIs or Lovecraftian
         | monstrosities) that can bring far more resources to bear on
         | getting us to click.
        
         | dmckeon wrote:
         | Relevant not-xkcd "The Science News Cycle"
         | https://tapas.io/episode/18523
        
           | everybodyknows wrote:
           | Some 20 seconds in, got a pop-up demanding I install an app.
           | Dismissing the pop-up caused the page to close.
        
             | ChainOfFools wrote:
             | OP posted a link aggregator or something, try going to the
             | original site:
             | 
             | https://phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1174
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > Trust in the scientific community (which is approaching
         | crisis) gets eroded every time papers are overstated, like in
         | the headline here.
         | 
         | I mostly agree, but the headline caught my attention and I read
         | the article and learned some things.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | This is tremendously unfair, though. The "scientific community"
         | is not responsible for these university press releases and
         | popular science journalism. The papers themselves almost never
         | contain claims that aren't propertly quantified and modest,
         | outside of grifter realms like psychologists selling self-help
         | services.
         | 
         | We're not going to stop the press, and the scientists
         | themselves are usually already doing the right thing. The only
         | real hope I see is for the public to somehow come to better
         | understand the difference between science and the press. When
         | you see this, absolutely point it out, but place the blame
         | where it belongs, on newspapers, magazines, and university PR
         | departments, not on the researchers.
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | Is Earth's orbit stable enough not to be thrown away from the Sun
       | after such a collision? Are there interactions between Earth and
       | other large bodies which have a stabilizing effect? I know
       | there's some interesting dynamics in the Earth-Venus interactions
       | but I wonder if there's enough there that you could consider it
       | stabilizing per se.
        
         | ahmedfromtunis wrote:
         | Not an expert but if the earth is in the orbit it has now, it's
         | because that's indeed the most "stable" orbit it can assume.
         | 
         | Even if the earth got pulverized, the remnants would be
         | floating as a cloud around the sun, in the shape of its orbit.
         | 
         | The Earth's orbit is a influenced not only by the sun's
         | gravity, but by that of every component of the solar system (to
         | varying degrees, of course).
         | 
         | Also, I'm sure the orbit we have now is not the same as the one
         | pre-collision.
        
         | queuebert wrote:
         | It depends entirely on the momentum of the impactor. If the
         | impactor's momentum was much less than the Earth's then it
         | would have little effect.
         | 
         | We hypothesize that Thela was like the size of Mars. Since all
         | orbits in the solar system are due to gravity (assuming no
         | rocket powered alien space rocks), we can calculate the maximum
         | velocity a planetesimal would have as if it were falling from
         | infinity into the sun. I can't be asked to do this right now,
         | but based on the Virial Theorem and Earth's orbital velocity of
         | 30 km/s, I bet ~60 km/s is the theoretical maximum impact
         | speed. Mars has 10% of Earth's mass, so at best Thela would
         | have 20% of the Earth's momentum.
         | 
         | And more likely the impact occurred in a grazing fashion in
         | order to make the moon and with much less velocity, since it
         | was probably already in an orbit around the sun. So back of the
         | envelope, we wouldn't expect much to happen to Earth orbit
         | other than a small disturbance that makes it more elliptical
         | for a time. Then over the next few Gyr the solar tidal
         | interactions circularize it.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | I think the key/tricky point is that orbits tend to
           | circularize over time. I figured it was due to other
           | perturbations, but is it mostly tides?
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | Related question, how much do tidal forces inside the
             | planet contribute vs tidal forces from the ocean?
        
       | macintux wrote:
       | Discussion yesterday:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38107078
        
       | AzzyHN wrote:
       | I for one support a fully free and open-source earth, with no
       | proprietary blobs
        
       | while_true_ wrote:
       | Isn't this finding to be expected? I thought all planets were
       | formed by accretion.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Do you think humanity will seriously start to dig down at some
       | point? For resources, energy and living space?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | It already has:                 * Resources: lengthy tunnels,
         | caverns, pipes and open pits are already bringing a wealth of
         | subsurface minerals, salts, diamonds, hydrocarbons and other
         | ores for the use of humans.            * Energy: geothermal
         | energy is used now and is often deployed in places where
         | portions of superheated mantle are closer to the surface, like
         | near volcanoes in Iceland and Costa Rica.            * Living
         | space: subsurface living space is less common due to human's
         | aesthetic preference for "natural light." However even as long
         | ago as the 1800s US West people built subsurface dwellings as
         | depicted in author Laura Ingalls Wilder's book "The Banks of
         | Plum Creek." [0]
         | 
         | 0. https://sitesandstories.wordpress.com/tag/the-dugout-site/
        
       | lostlogin wrote:
       | > the seismic wave pattern is dominated by the signatures of two
       | continent-sized structures near the Earth's core. They are
       | interpreted as regions with unusually high iron content, whose
       | increased density and temperature slow down seismic waves passing
       | through
       | 
       | I would have thought that increased density would cause
       | propagation velocity to increase? With heat, density falls so
       | that bit stacks up. What have I got wrong?
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | Increased density slows down propagation. It is easy to come up
         | with false explanations of why, but here is one I think is
         | probably true:
         | 
         | If you imagine a bar that has been struck by an xylophone
         | mallet, it makes sense that increasing its inertia would slow
         | down the periods of its alternating motion. You can build
         | traveling waves from sums of its modes of oscillation, and that
         | carries the effect of higher density to wave speed.
        
       | tabtab wrote:
       | I thought the Earth is rather fluid inside such that stuff gets
       | mixed around over time. That such blobs can stay intact for
       | billions of years seems far-fetched.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | The mantle is officially "solid" (as proven, I believe, by
         | propogating shear waves, which an actual liquid cannot do). It
         | flows, but very slowly. Very very slowly. I'd say that big
         | chunks of material staying intact over billions of years is, in
         | fact, an illustration of just how slowly.
        
       | purpleblue wrote:
       | The idea that something collided with the Earth and created the
       | Moon is an unscientific, absurd idea. There is a zero percent
       | chance that a collision as described could result in the Moon
       | maintaining an almost perfect orbit around the Earth, and the
       | Earth maintaining a near perfect orbit around the Sun.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | So all the planets popped into existence with their current
         | Mass and Orbits?
         | 
         | Of course not. Mass is summed as is momentum
        
           | purpleblue wrote:
           | Everything was formed by the spinning of gas clouds and
           | consolidating into planets and such. That's why the planets
           | haven't fallen into the Sun after 14 billion years.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | indeed, and how is that proof that the moon didn't come
             | from a collision with the earth?
        
         | wolfendin wrote:
         | > There is a zero percent chance that a collision as described
         | could result in the Moon maintaining an almost perfect orbit
         | around the Earth, and the Earth maintaining a near perfect
         | orbit around the Sun.
         | 
         | I'd love to see the math you did to come to that conclusion. Do
         | you have it in a paper somewhere?
        
       | matrix12 wrote:
       | Velikovsky would be proud.
        
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