[HN Gopher] Nokia sues Amazon, HP over video compression technology
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nokia sues Amazon, HP over video compression technology
        
       Author : helsinkiandrew
       Score  : 68 points
       Date   : 2023-11-02 15:06 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.streamtvinsider.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.streamtvinsider.com)
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | Nokia's blog post about litigation:
       | 
       | https://www.nokia.com/blog/nokia-seeks-compensation-for-amaz...
        
       | brucethemoose2 wrote:
       | > While Nokia's complaint against Amazon concerned streaming
       | video, its complaint against HP involved the company's desktop
       | and laptop computers, which allegedly contained the same
       | proprietary H.264 and H.265 technology.
       | 
       | I have not read Nokia's brief, but that is particularly eyebrow
       | raising.
       | 
       | Is Microsoft shipping h264 as a OEM MS Store app like they do for
       | HEVC these days? Either that, or they must be shipping bloatware
       | with AVC, otherwise it seems the buck would stop with
       | Intel/AMD/Nvidia/Microsoft, not HP.
       | 
       | All this is just another nail in the coffin for VVC though. No
       | one big enough to get sued wants to touch it with a 10 foot pole,
       | and Nokia has justified the paranoia once again.
        
         | fweimer wrote:
         | I thought that with patents, each entity among the
         | manufacturing chain potentially needs a license? There is no
         | analog for the first sale doctrine, or neither a requirement
         | for consistent enforcement (as is there for trademarks).
        
           | brucethemoose2 wrote:
           | As far as hardware decoding goes, I thought chipmakers paid
           | the fee for everyone down the line?
           | 
           | Otherwise... thats pretty horrific. Would businesses using HP
           | laptops en masse be exposed too?
        
             | fweimer wrote:
             | Certainly not for everyone. Even if you buy professional
             | videoconferencing equipment for business purposes, you do
             | not get a patent license for its commercial use. Those paid
             | offerings typically come with terms similar to the ones
             | Cisco includes in their free Open264 builds:
             | 
             | THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO
             | LICENSE FOR THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN
             | WHICH IT DOES NOT RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO
             | IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR
             | (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED BY A CONSUMER
             | ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM A
             | VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO.
             | 
             | https://www.openh264.org/BINARY_LICENSE.txt
             | 
             | I'm not sure if if the relevant patent pools even have
             | incoming licensing coverage for live Internet video because
             | that arrived only after the pools had long been
             | established.
        
           | derf_ wrote:
           | _> There is no analog for the first sale doctrine..._
           | 
           | There is. It is called patent exhaustion. See https://en.wiki
           | pedia.org/wiki/Exhaustion_doctrine_under_U.S....
           | 
           | There was a fad of issuing a "covenant not to sue" in lieu of
           | a license, specifically to try to avoid triggering
           | exhaustion, but courts seem to be (correctly, in my IANAL
           | opinion) treating them as licenses anyway. See, e.g.,
           | https://www.patentlyo.com/patent/2013/01/3rd-circuit-
           | covenan...
        
             | fweimer wrote:
             | But isn't that easily avoided by suitably scoping the
             | license grant?
        
               | derf_ wrote:
               | I would not say "easily"... patent holders will
               | absolutely try to avoid the effects of exhaustion by
               | imposing post-sale or field-of-use restrictions, but
               | lawsuits about it have gone to the Supreme Court, e.g.,
               | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/553/617/ (and
               | not worked out well for the patent holder).
        
       | GJR wrote:
       | Nokia must be desperate for cash. Developing video codecs is a
       | painful exercise as some part of the implementation almost always
       | relies on prior art. The company that I worked for were sued for
       | our implementation of an MPEG-2 codec, because of a similar
       | patent owned by a troll. These cases are what hold innovation
       | back and are only attractive to the trolls because of how many
       | h.264/h.265 codec instances are running out there. The usual
       | technique is to go for the little guys first and then move up the
       | food chain.
        
         | sublimefire wrote:
         | Given the patents were issued in '00s and they expire after 20
         | years it looks like the last chance to monetize them.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | > The usual technique is to go for the little guys first and
         | then move up the food chain.
         | 
         | Stating the obvious: That's hardly the case here.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | I drew the opposite conclusion:
           | 
           | > The patents were at the center of a legal dispute involving
           | Lenovo in 2020, in which the computer maker claimed Nokia did
           | not fully disclose its intellectual property interest to the
           | ITU and ISO while the bodies were working to standardize
           | H.264. That lawsuit was settled one year later, with Lenovo
           | and Nokia agreeing on a cross-licensing agreement.
           | 
           | That looks like patent trolling to me: sue someone who's not
           | really in the business and settle so when you sue a bigger
           | player you can tell the judge that this other company did the
           | right thing and paid for your incredibly critical technology.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | I feel that's insulting towards judges in Delaware. Are you
             | saying they are that dumb? (that's where the lawsuits were
             | filed according to the article)
        
           | GJR wrote:
           | The earlier victories won't have been reported.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | Nokia going patent troll on small companies would not have
             | gotten press? That is not very believable.
        
         | papichulo2023 wrote:
         | Please MS, do all of us a favour and erase it. The 5g hardware
         | was their last chance to stay relevant.
        
       | TheRealPomax wrote:
       | Does anyone know the "why now" for this litigation? I had a look
       | at Nokia's own blog post about this, but it's unclear why they
       | sat on this for years.
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | Presumably negotiations were going no where and they felt HP
         | would never really settle it.
        
         | thedaly wrote:
         | It was mentioned elsewhere in this thread that the patents were
         | issued in the early 00s and were valid for 20 years, so they
         | will be expiring soon.
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | Patents last for 20 years and these were granted in the mid
         | 00's. They're milking the last drops out of their cow.
        
       | photoGrant wrote:
       | "Did you know, for example, that content optimization on your
       | device's screen when switching between portrait and landscape
       | video is a Nokia invention? And fast forwarding or rewinding a
       | video by scrolling through it, while simultaneously displaying
       | the current scene"
        
         | esaym wrote:
         | That is actually a direct quote lol
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | Sheesh, I should patent urinating after drinking a beverage,
         | that's about as novel of an invention.
        
         | coreyp_1 wrote:
         | As for fast forward and rewind while seeing the current scene,
         | we did this back in the days of the VCR. Are they claiming to
         | have invented that?
        
           | themoonisachees wrote:
           | A VCR would simply display the frames that happened to pass
           | by the read heads while rewinding.
           | 
           | When doing that digitally, your codec decides if that is even
           | feasible. If the codec optimizes for disk space, generating
           | any frame requires going through all previous frames. If the
           | codec optimizes for fast scrubbing, the file must contain
           | redundant information and thus be larger.
           | 
           | Nokia is claiming that h264's checkpointing mechanisms allow
           | for that (empirically, this is indeed a feature of h264) and
           | it is therefore their invention. I'm unaware if previous
           | codecs had similar mechanisms. It would be wierd of none had,
           | but it wouldn't surprise me that much.
        
             | brucethemoose2 wrote:
             | MPEG2 has I, P, and B, frames, so unless they "refreshed"
             | the patent is somehow old, someone at Nokia just came up
             | with the scrubbing idea using the existing implementation.
             | 
             | ...But video players have had scrubbing bars for a long
             | time? I'm not sure how long, my memory on Windows on XP and
             | older is fuzzy.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | > generating any frame requires going through all previous
             | frames
             | 
             | No it doesn't; that would be crazy. There are keyframes
             | that can be decoded independently of any other frame.
             | They're usually every few seconds at most, which is fine
             | for scrubbing.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | So afaik Nokia did not patent _and_ enforce that.
         | 
         | Meanwhile e.g. Apple has very strongly enforced similarly silly
         | UX patents. (E.g. rubberband/inertial scrolling and quite a few
         | more.)
         | 
         | They have also very strongly enforced silly design patents -
         | e.g. for rounded corners on physical devices.
        
       | zoobab wrote:
       | Nokia is also a judge at the Unified Patent Court:
       | 
       | https://ffii.org/nokia-and-airbus-elected-as-judges-at-the-k...
       | 
       | This Court is a Kangaroo one.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | That East Texas court comes to mind...
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | It's not perfect, but h264 is generally "pretty good", and
       | presumably its patents should be expiring in the next few years.
       | At that point, we will (hopefully) finally have a codec that's
       | supported basically everywhere, has pretty decent "quality to
       | size" ratio, and will cost nothing to license.
       | 
       | Of course, by that point I'm sure everyone will have moved onto
       | HEVC or something, but a guy can dream of this utopia.
        
         | justinrstout wrote:
         | FWIW we currently have this in the AV1 codec which is royalty-
         | free and has a better quality/size ratio than h264.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | AV1 looks very cool but it doesn't have nearly the level of
           | compatibility that H264 has. H264 works out of the box on
           | browsers, as well as having hardware support on phones and
           | SBCs and set-top-boxes and whatnot.
           | 
           | AV1 might eventually get there, and that would be awesome if
           | it does, but H264 has been around long enough to have a
           | substantial "first mover advantage" over AV1.
        
             | buttersbrian wrote:
             | Fair, but that's a matter of time it seems. I think AV1 is
             | a good bet.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Yeah, no question; H264 had a 10+ year head start and
               | entrenched itself as part of the Blu-ray and online video
               | sharing space. Once AV1 has similarly-largely-scoped
               | things then it'll probably take a lot of h264's market,
               | and it'll be royalty-free from the get-go.
               | 
               | I definitely want AV1 to become the "video standard to
               | rule them all", but once H264's patents expire I think
               | I'm also ok with it being the standard as well.
        
             | papichulo2023 wrote:
             | Last Raspberry doesnt have H264 decode hardware, wouldnt be
             | surprised if that becomes a trend. A lot of SBCs only
             | support up to 1080 on h264, 4k requires h265.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Yeah, I read that, though I think the latest Raspberry Pi
               | might be fast enough to decode h264 in software so it
               | might be a non-issue anyway; as long as it is fast enough
               | I think I actually prefer software decoding just because
               | (I think) it's more platform-independent.
               | 
               | I think I get your point though; if the Raspberry Pi is
               | not adding chips for native H264 decoding, set top boxes
               | and other SBCs might drop it as well.
        
           | miohtama wrote:
           | On the patents of AV1 earlier this week in Hacker News
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38083588#38088009
           | 
           | TL;DR It's neither patent free nor "patent safe".
        
       | tillinghast wrote:
       | Corporate death rattle.
        
       | Kim_Bruning wrote:
       | Hopefully standardization committees in future will have learned
       | to commit to open source, open licensing, mutual patent
       | retaliation, or at least _some_ method to prevent one defector
       | from actually suing all the rest.
        
       | advael wrote:
       | Software patents are dumb, no exceptions
       | 
       | Then again, I think IP is a bad paradigm that does more harm than
       | good in general
        
       | ratsmack wrote:
       | The hallmarks of a dying company... attempting to sue everyone
       | until you become profitable. It worked out pretty well for SCO.
        
       | oliwarner wrote:
       | I think if you sit on your thumbs for 20 years while MPEG LA sell
       | "your IP" without your permission, and in such a globally obvious
       | way, you forfeit all right to that IP. Especially at the eleventh
       | hour, like this. Especially when companies like Nokia are so used
       | to the patent process. They have no excuse here.
       | 
       | Lenovo were idiots to settle. They fed the troll and now it's
       | back.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-11-02 23:01 UTC)