[HN Gopher] A fourth of U.S. health visits now delivered by non-...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A fourth of U.S. health visits now delivered by non-physicians
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2023-10-29 14:22 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hms.harvard.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hms.harvard.edu)
        
       | subharmonicon wrote:
       | Honestly I'm surprised the number isn't already much higher. For
       | at least the last 15 years most healthcare providers I deal with
       | try to get you into a nurse practitioner or physicians assistant,
       | and most have quite a few more of those than MDs and DOs.
       | 
       | Perhaps that's a West Coast thing, though, and it's not as common
       | in other parts of the country?
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | MDs are limited in supply by the AMA. NPs and PAs are not, and
         | for routine cases, sore throats, minor injuries, vaccinations,
         | routine physical exams, etc. there is no reason an MD needs to
         | be involved.
        
           | a_e_k wrote:
           | And for the routine stuff I often have a pretty good idea
           | what's ailing me from past experience and I just need someone
           | to write up the prescription again for whatever's worked well
           | before. I have no problems with seeing an NP for that.
           | 
           | In some cases, an NP may have _more_ current experience with
           | figuring out the routine stuff than an MD who 's a bit more
           | removed from that kind of practice now.
        
       | georgehaake wrote:
       | Where I work we have a physician who doesn't see patients. He
       | reads procedures and supervises 8 mid-levels. It's an assembly
       | line. There are inservices that in effect ensure maximum level of
       | encounter complexity to maximize billing.
        
       | fnfjfkdngh wrote:
       | Because PA time is cheaper to the provider than MD time. Give it
       | a few years and a trip to the doctor's office will mean using a
       | touch screen a-la-mcdonalds to describe your symptoms and then
       | the first-line medication pops out of a drawer.
       | 
       | I'm pretty jaded with our (US) healthcare system. As long as you
       | stay on the happy path it's fine, but if you stray from that,
       | good luck. Over the last few years I was given antibiotics for a
       | gut infection, a lung infection, and currently a sinus infection.
       | None were improved by antibiotics, but no doctor was willing to
       | do a culture to see what the infection was before prescribing
       | antibiotics because that's the happy path (most infectious are
       | bacterial). I think it might be a systemic fungal infection (I've
       | also had bouts of what I think is thrush), but that possibility
       | is immediately rejected without investigation because 'only
       | immunocompromised people get fungal infections'. Similar for
       | SSRIs. Asked the shrink why SSRIs versus something else - 'got to
       | start somewhere'. Asked them why one SSRI over another, same
       | answer.
       | 
       | Throwing shit at the wall to see what sticks is fine if the cost
       | of being wrong is just the list time of needing to recompile your
       | code. It's 100% not ok when being wrong means fucking up your
       | tendons or making you suicidal.
        
         | foolish79 wrote:
         | Just smart enough to ask why take an SSRI, still dumb enough to
         | attribute everything to systemic fungal infections.
         | 
         | No wonder MDs are retiring at a blistering pace.
         | 
         | The American people are getting the healthcare they deserve.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | There's nothing actually stopping you from getting a fungal
         | culture yourself. The turnaround time is over a month though.
         | Unless you're at a huge hospital they just farm it out to
         | Labcorp and the like and you can buy direct. Like it makes
         | sense, if it's high-probability bacterial you might as well try
         | the z pack first. It's faster to just treat it and see than to
         | test if it's bacterial.
         | 
         | Also for SSRIs there's nothing to test, you just try them under
         | medical supervision and if they help they help. There is an
         | experimental DNA test that might be able to narrow down the
         | antidepressant options but unless you're struggling to find one
         | that works for you it's usually not worth bothering.
         | 
         | Medicine is crazy advanced in some specific areas but for the
         | long tail we're not that far from leeches.
        
           | mv wrote:
           | leeches are still in use...
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > Similar for SSRIs. Asked the shrink why SSRIs versus
         | something else - 'got to start somewhere'. Asked them why one
         | SSRI over another, same answer.
         | 
         | At the risk of over-simplifying - and certainly not justifying
         | blase, ambivalent answers... the brain is a very complex
         | organism. And we have barely scratched the surface of how it
         | actually works. Most of it, we just don't know.
         | 
         | So, from this to psychiatric drugs - SSRIs, MAOIs, SNRIs. Read
         | the drug information sheet in the packet. Not just the
         | "standard" paragraphs on side effects and warnings. All
         | prescription drugs are required to specify "how" the drug
         | works.
         | 
         | For a startlingly high number of these drugs, this paragraph
         | starts with the words:
         | 
         | > It is not understood precisely how [drug] works. It is
         | _believed_ that it does X, Y and Z...
         | 
         | (emphasis mine).
         | 
         | We know that they can work for some people and not others. But
         | while we can perhaps make decent educated guesses, a lot of the
         | time, we can't, because, hell, we don't really know how it even
         | actually works, so we can't know it will work for you.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: while I am medically educated and work as a
         | prehospital provider, I'm not a MHP, despite my use of 'we' in
         | the previous para.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Honestly, I don't have any problem with this, and I see it as a
       | great thing. 95% of the time when I go to the doctor it's
       | something routine and basic, e.g. I just need someone to diagnose
       | my cold/flu/infection etc.
       | 
       | My question, though, is where are all the "savings" going if so
       | many visits are now seen by lower paid professionals? I was
       | referred to a sleep study, where a PA or nurse practitioner just
       | proceeded to ask me some basic questions from a form to see if I
       | qualified for the study. She added practically nothing to the
       | process (literally she was just reading questions from a form)
       | and then charged my insurance company $200 for 15 minutes of her
       | time. The whole thing was insane. That visit should have cost $20
       | max, yet people are lining their pockets at every step.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | That my insurer gives me _significant_ financial incentive to
         | see an NP at an urgent care clinic vs. going to the ER suggests
         | the cost savings are translating into lower premiums, all else
         | being equal.
        
         | jdsleppy wrote:
         | Why go to the doctor to be told it's a flu or a cold? There's
         | nothing to do but treat yourself well and wait, right? I wonder
         | what portion of visits are for common viruses.
        
           | bshacklett wrote:
           | Many jobs require a "doctor's note" for absences.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Because if it's flu and it's early enough there is treatment
           | (Tamiflu), and it's helpful to differentiate from things like
           | strep, where there is also treatment.
        
       | penjelly wrote:
       | canadian anecdote: i havent seen my GP _ever_. He just oversees
       | resident (student doctors). Ive had chronic health issues for 3
       | years now without much relief, despite having been to the doctors
       | office 20+ in that time. Most of the time they deflect me from
       | specialist care.
        
         | hahahb3nme wrote:
         | Im sure in a years time they will begin recommending MAID to
         | you.
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | That's a horrible thing to say.
        
             | sterlind wrote:
             | there's been an issue with MAID being recommended or
             | encouraged to people who don't want to die, but who have
             | complex chronic illnesses that are expensive to treat.
             | there's been a few really shocking cases of that happening,
             | even sometimes crossing the line into coersion.
        
             | acover wrote:
             | It's a morbid joke but 30% of bc residents don't have a
             | family doctor. Maid is being used as a tool to lighten the
             | load on the system.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | I'm Canadian too, and the only time I didn't see my family
         | doctor (phone appointment) was at the height of the COVID
         | lockdown. Are you located in a remote area?
        
           | penjelly wrote:
           | no i am in ottawa, and i go to a major hospital, their family
           | health division.
        
             | userinanother wrote:
             | Don't go to a teaching hospital that's always a mistake
             | unless you have some really abnormal problem
        
           | drpgq wrote:
           | I'm in Hamilton and I mostly see residents.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | > Ive had chronic health issues for 3 years now without much
         | relief, despite having been to the doctors office 20+ in that
         | time.
         | 
         | This is the problem with all of these systems that try to
         | violate the laws of physics (aka: free market economics). They
         | invariably results in substandard care, if you receive care at
         | all. Keeping people alive isn't the same thing as actually
         | solving problems with quality care.
         | 
         | This is my big gripe with the ACA (Obamacare) in the US. It's a
         | shit system that was sold as a quality system. There are so
         | many things wrong with it I am sick of listing them.
         | 
         | My wife is a doctor, so I've been privy to behind the scenes
         | effects. If you think your doctor gives a shit about you when
         | you come to the office with one of the stupid plans, enjoy the
         | fantasy.
         | 
         | Doctors do care. However, they can't see thousands of patients
         | at a loss. They have bills to pay, just like anyone else. More
         | than anyone else, actually. And do, what happens in a lot of
         | practices, is that doctors are forced to become numb to their
         | caring impulse upon realizing that there's a dividing line
         | between quality care and going broke. And so, they churn
         | through patients at a rapid rate because the only way to make
         | it is quantity.
         | 
         | My wife was telling me that the office next to hers has four
         | PA's. They each see 40 to 50 people per day. That's an average
         | of 10 minutes per patient. That's not care. That's medical
         | professionals being forced by a shit system to push on the cash
         | register button as quickly as they are able to just to make it.
         | 
         | It is important to keep context in mind when thinking about
         | some of these things. Imagine an office with a couple of MD's,
         | a few PA's, a few medical assistants and one or two
         | administrators. Collectively, this is a group of people with
         | somewhere around, say, $1.5 million dollars in student loans to
         | repay. They each have homes, cars, kids and other bills to
         | support.
         | 
         | That sets-up a situation where it is impossible for that
         | medical practice to exist below a certain revenue threshold.
         | More accurately, below a certain profit level. If the insurance
         | system they have to work with is shit, they have two options:
         | Close the doors and everyone becomes an Uber driver or keep
         | them open and run as many people as possible through the doors
         | with a $10 to $50 per person gross profit probability per
         | person.
         | 
         | No, do the math. Don't just react to this through emotion.
         | People have to get paid for their work, just like you.
         | 
         | So, let's assume $50 per person average profit (not sure that's
         | a good assumption, it depends on the practice). What I mean by
         | "profit" here is what you get paid (not what you bill, because
         | sometimes you don't get what you bill) vs. what it costs for a
         | medical professional (say, a PA) to provide that service.
         | 
         | Now assume you can churn through 100 people per day. That means
         | $5,000 per day in gross profit. If you are open 20 days per
         | month, the gross profit is $100K per month.
         | 
         | You now have to pay, say $25K per month for rent, utilities,
         | insurance and various other expenses. That means $80K per
         | month. Let's say two MD's own the practice and each gets paid
         | $25K per month salary. You are left with $30K in the bank. You
         | likely have other expenses that will easily consume half of
         | that, cleaning, legal, accounting, software licenses, IT, etc.
         | You are now down to $15K. Which is a formula for going
         | bankrupt.
         | 
         | What do you do? Well, you have to crunch through more people
         | per day and try to maintain the same cost structure per
         | patient. So, you try to see 150 to 200 people per day --if you
         | can, not all practices can do that-- and pump them through as
         | fast as possible. In other words, you cannot prioritize quality
         | care.
         | 
         | Anyone thinking "Just provide better care and bill for it". It
         | doesn't work that way. Say you decide to see only 50 patients
         | per day. Obamacare shit plans are not going to magically pay
         | you double for taking someone's pressure and temperature or
         | going through a basic diagnostic check. The limit function here
         | is that these plans are shit, they don't pay for quality care,
         | they pay for delivering the fantasy of having medical care.
         | 
         | Not to mention the horrible problems of Medicaid/Medicare.
         | That's another half dozen paragraphs.
         | 
         | Yes, everyone should have access to *quality* healthcare at a
         | reasonable cost. No, that isn't possible if imbeciles in
         | government make the decisions. These are the same people who,
         | through incompetence and mismanagement can't seem to give us a
         | world without war and misery. What makes anyone think they can
         | actually deliver solid quality healthcare?
         | 
         | BTW, my wife and her partners finally had enough. They launched
         | a boutique medical care office. They provide high quality care
         | at a reasonable price. Patients are well taken care of,
         | employees make a sustainable salary and nobody has to engage in
         | the soul-crushing practice of treating patients like cattle.
        
           | penjelly wrote:
           | i already understand the economics, these types of systems
           | exist everywhere, usually to the detriment of everyone.
           | However, all they need to do is _not_ deflect me from
           | specialist care, so im not sure it applies 100% here. Check
           | back in a month when i go to the office again and insist on
           | seeing a specialist.
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | Mine was more of a general comment on these types of
             | systems rather than an explanation for what you are going
             | through. I have no clue why they are treating you in the
             | way you describe. It might be interesting if you could ask
             | them why they haven't referred you. Even more interesting
             | if they gave you an honest answer.
             | 
             | Good luck.
        
               | penjelly wrote:
               | my best guess is theyre trying not to "over-treat" me,
               | the problem being its a different doctor every single
               | time i go in, so if they all do that i never get anywhere
               | if i have a real issue. also, at my office its tough to
               | get followups with the same doctor. Note that its partly
               | my own fault for backing down when they do deflect me
               | though, but its hard to argue with a doctor when they say
               | "lets just try this for now". Also, Fwiw i didnt downvote
               | you, im not sure why you were downvoted.
        
             | zo1 wrote:
             | Not sure what you need a specialist for specifically, but
             | for ~$300 you can get an appointment here in South Africa
             | for any specialist you want. If I want to see a specialist,
             | any specialist, I call their office, book, and X amount of
             | time later, they see me. The reason I mention it is that SA
             | has a medical tourist visa you can get, so flying here for
             | your medical needs may well be within the realm of cost-
             | effective for a lot of people in the Western world.
             | 
             | As a general aside. That you have to plead, motivate or beg
             | your government to let you get healthcare from a specialist
             | seems alien to me. I just don't even have the words - your
             | government does not own you!
        
           | srj wrote:
           | Your per person figures seem low to me, and you're calling it
           | profitability but then taking expenses out of that. Is that
           | an industry term? Where does that number come from?
           | 
           | I would think at least before expenses it would be quite high
           | as medical visits cost hundreds if not thousands of dollars.
        
           | oramit wrote:
           | "They provide high quality care at a reasonable price."
           | 
           | What's the cost to the patient for this boutique care?
        
       | vsskanth wrote:
       | The number of new physicians in the US are restricted because you
       | need to go through residency and the number of residency slots
       | are limited because they have to be funded by Medicare (why ?).
       | 
       | There's a huge lobby (AMA) to keep it that way, to ensure their
       | members salaries remain high.
       | 
       | PAs and NPs don't have the same restriction so hospital systems
       | are pushing to have them handle office visits as much as
       | possible. This also has the advantage of being more profitable
       | because they can charge the same.
       | 
       | In the last 5 years me and my wife have never been able to see a
       | doctor, only a PA, even though we pay the same.
        
         | rcpt wrote:
         | AMA stopped lobbying for that around ten years ago
        
           | Afforess wrote:
           | Which given the 8-10 year pipeline to become a physician,
           | means we have yet to see the effects. It will take years
           | more.
        
             | sseagull wrote:
             | It doesn't help that doctors and other healthcare
             | professionals are leaving because of burnout. It will only
             | get worse in my opinion.
             | 
             | "Warning signs for the U.S. health system are piling up"
             | 
             | "Nearly half of practicing U.S. physicians are older than
             | 55"
             | 
             | https://www.axios.com/2023/10/26/health-care-doctor-
             | shortage...
        
           | userinanother wrote:
           | Did congress fix the pipeline problem? Seems like no
        
       | j-bos wrote:
       | It wouldn't be so bad, except so many MDs, PAs, and NPs are just
       | bad. This is coming from someone who has been traveling with a
       | sick family member for a few years. There are great (read:
       | skilled, thoughful, patient, investigative, this.patient data
       | driven) professionals out there, but they are badly outnumbered
       | and booked for months near a year into the future. A huge bunch
       | display the interest, skill, or attention of someone working a a
       | declining fast food franchise. Worst of all, most of the good
       | medical practitioners don't even have their own practices, they
       | can't afford the combo of liquidity and red tape, at least that's
       | what a couple have told me.
        
         | mips_r4300i wrote:
         | This was my experience going through a half dozen doctors. I
         | found a great one finally, but they didn't even bother taking
         | insurance, and it was very expensive.
        
           | monero-xmr wrote:
           | Excluding emergency situations, the biggest issue IMO is
           | diagnosis. So many tests, scans, listening, observation, etc.
           | is all about understanding what the problem actually is. Once
           | you accurately identify the problem, treatment can be
           | effectively given (if one exists) via the current system.
           | 
           | For mysterious problems that elude a simple diagnosis you can
           | really be stuck. Most doctors don't have the time for complex
           | cases. It's worth becoming your own health researcher if no
           | one else can identify the issue.
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | > It's worth becoming your own health researcher if no one
             | else can identify the issue.
             | 
             | This is something I have been a big advocate of. I would
             | never claim to know more than a professional nor would I
             | ever give medical advice to another individual.
             | 
             | However, it has helped me plenty of times. I feel like I
             | have been able to ask more important and impactful
             | questions to doctors, and I have been able to push back on
             | some choices that doctors would have made that I think
             | might have been incorrect.
             | 
             | For example, I was almost prescribed a medication. That
             | particular medication might have treated its indicated
             | condition well, but it is known to exacerbate my immune-
             | mediated disease as a side-effect (to clarify, the
             | medication was not for the immune-mediated disease).
             | 
             | When I mentioned it to the NP I was under the care of, she
             | said, "I have never heard that side-effect." Well, she
             | looked into it, and it turns out I was right. Had I not
             | done my research prior to our visit, then I might have been
             | subjugated to changes to a disease that could have been
             | entirely been avoided.
             | 
             | I still think she is a wonderful NP, and no one can know
             | everything.
             | 
             | I even have another account.
             | 
             | I asked an MD about a newer medication for my immune-
             | mediated disease. He said, "I have never heard of that
             | before." After discussing it with him, he did not seem to
             | be interested in trying it. I swapped doctors, mentioned it
             | to the new doctor, and she prescribed it. It's actually the
             | single most effective treatment I have tried since I
             | acquired the disease 7 years ago.
             | 
             | As Schoolhouse Rock once said, "It's great to learn 'cause
             | knowledge is power!"
        
             | mips_r4300i wrote:
             | The first doctor I had wanted to send me to get my thyroid
             | nuked because it was inflamed after a viral infection.
             | 
             | After 2 years and 6 doctors I found I basically had long
             | covid years before it was recognized. Probably from a low
             | grade garden variety viral infection. My gut developed food
             | sensitivities and I started to develop autoimmune problems
             | from that.
             | 
             | After finding the right doctor who could handle researching
             | chronic conditions, things improved within months and a few
             | years later I completely recovered.
             | 
             | Typical doctors have 5-10 minutes to listen to you and
             | click on drop-down boxes on the computer. They won't care
             | about chronic or complex issues. They are good for low
             | hanging fruit and steering you towards pharmacological
             | intervention but unusable for anything more involved.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | I get annoyed when I send a message to my doctor and it takes 3
       | back-and-forths to get a message from him, and not the nurse. The
       | nurse's advice tends to be along the lines of what I would find
       | with Google, some semi-relevant copy/pasted advice. I get the
       | sense that they make the messaging system useless so that you
       | have to sign up for appointments/video appointments. They know
       | that for GP appointments, you only pay 30 bucks or so, but they
       | get paid 10x that by your insurance company.
       | 
       | I try to resist this, partly because I generally don't need an
       | appointment to answer a simple question, and partly because this
       | is one of the causes of rising insurance premiums.
        
         | ejb999 wrote:
         | They don't want to solve your problem over a messaging system -
         | and prefer you to come in - the MD can't bill anyone for
         | answering you questions over the phone or even via messaging -
         | which is why they push for an appointment.
         | 
         | Not sure what line of work you are in, but are you willing to
         | answer endless emails and or voice mails from customers, all
         | for free? I know I am not - and while you personally may only
         | ask one question a year, a typical MD may have a panel size of
         | 1000 to 3000 patients (at least the ones I know); multiply one
         | question per patient by 2000 patients, and all of a sudden you
         | find out you worked for free for most of the year.
         | 
         | Maybe if insurance companies had a billing model that allowed
         | the MDs for charge for this type of 'support', that made them
         | some money it would be workable - but I can't blame them for
         | not wanting to give out free care this way.
        
           | nyx wrote:
           | This is a problem they're working on solving, I think. The
           | hospital group I've been using in the Portland area recently
           | announced that patient-initiated messages that take more than
           | a few minutes, and require e.g. digging through a chart, are
           | billable to insurance: https://www.legacyhealth.org/messages
           | 
           | MyHealth is just what this hospital system calls their
           | patient-facing Epic portal.
        
           | hx8 wrote:
           | > Not sure what line of work you are in, but are you willing
           | to answer endless emails and or voice mails from customers,
           | all for free?
           | 
           | It's common practice to answer emails and take calls from
           | customers and not charge them for it in many industries. If
           | you have 3000 patients, and you spend 3 minutes/patient/year
           | on these interactions, then you spend ~30 minutes a day
           | answering emails or leaving voice mails which is pretty
           | standard.
        
             | ejb999 wrote:
             | No way a typical question takes 3 minutes to answer; just
             | by time you read the message, pull up the chart, read the
             | chart, make the call, talk with the patient and then
             | document the outcome of the call back into the chart, you
             | are in it for 15 minutes at least ... not to mention the
             | context-switching time you need as you move from one task
             | to the next.
             | 
             | And I disagree that it is 'common' in other industries -
             | ever try to get on the phone with an Amazon or Google or
             | Facebook senior level developer to solve a technical
             | problem -without being on a paid support plan? Sure, you
             | might get some low level clerical person or entry level
             | tech support, but you aren't getting to those senior folks
             | for free.
        
           | tssva wrote:
           | When I have sent a message to my provider it has been because
           | I had a follow up question because the direction given during
           | a visit was unclear once it came time to implement it or
           | there was an issue with a prescription (for instance a
           | particular drug ended up not on my formulary and an
           | alternative needed to be prescribed). The last time I sent a
           | message is because the doctor said he was prescribing a
           | medication and it appeared in my post visit summary but the
           | prescription never was submitted. Even in these cases it can
           | be like pulling teeth to get a response.
           | 
           | "Maybe if insurance companies had a billing model that
           | allowed the MDs for charge for this type of 'support', that
           | made them some money it would be workable - but I can't blame
           | them for not wanting to give out free care this way."
           | 
           | Most primary care physicians today work for a base salary
           | plus incentives. The base salary is the compensation for
           | dealing with this kind of support.
        
           | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
           | > the MD can't bill anyone for answering you questions over
           | the phone or even via messaging
           | 
           | My patient portal clearly states that the Corporation can
           | bill for questions sent as messages.
           | 
           | The Corporation by the way is a religiously-affiliated non-
           | profit whose CEO earns tens of millions a year. In the past
           | couple of years they have stopped doing vaccinations and
           | blood draws. We go to the drugstore for those now.
           | 
           | So, why stay with them? The alternatives are even worse.
        
           | NegativeK wrote:
           | I listen to a veterinarian frequently complain about people
           | trying to skip the exam fee via various methods -- and the
           | owner probably doesn't even know that what they're doing is a
           | problem.
           | 
           | A free diagnosis over the phone is a lost exam fee. A health
           | certificate over the phone -- exam fee. A vaccine appointment
           | that turns into a sick pet and the owner just has some
           | question -- exam fee. Trying to skip an exam before boarding:
           | exam fee.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | If they don't want to have a way to ask a question, they
           | shouldn't have one. The assistant who answers questions has
           | literally never provided value. She is just wasting her time,
           | and mine. I would actually prefer if they didn't pretend you
           | could get useful info through the "ask a non-emergency
           | medical question" option.
           | 
           | And as tssva said, these questions are often follow-ups on
           | topics discussed at an appointment, so it's not untethered
           | from revenue.
        
             | ejb999 wrote:
             | They are willing to answer some questions, I.e. the ones a
             | nurse or medical assistant can answer; it's the medical
             | questions that only a provider can answer that they need to
             | be able to bill for.
        
       | pen2l wrote:
       | In a very meaningful way the line between physician and non-
       | physician had been blurring anyway.
       | 
       | There's a software called Epic which is used by virtually all
       | large healthcare centers, and while most know it as a database
       | system to store patient history and health records (problems and
       | conditions they've been diagnosed for, lab work results, medicine
       | they're currently taking or have taken in the past), it also has
       | a little tab where a healthcare worker can put in some keywords,
       | e.g. the symptoms a patient has, and Epic guidelines gives the
       | health-provider an action plan for that patient, as well as
       | guiding them with differential diagnoses for non-simple issues.
       | 
       | Of course for common ailments a nurse practitioner knows as much
       | as a primary care physician anyway and their treatment plans
       | wouldn't differ, but the thing is a physician basically
       | effectively will also only follow one script that the
       | healthcare/insurance system in-place allows for, that Epic will
       | spit out also.
       | 
       | In the same way some of us see the task of building a CRUD app as
       | something fairly unremarkable (owing to existing frameworks,
       | existing 'best practices' etc), a physician's day-to-day work is
       | really not challenging, and a "people-person" non-physician
       | equipped with Epic software could arguably work to deliver equal
       | or if not better healthcare outcomes.
        
         | enragedcacti wrote:
         | Only planning for the common case is an insane thing to do in
         | healthcare. We don't train doctors for 12 years so that they
         | are faster or more efficient at diagnosing the common cold, we
         | train them so that they have a wide breadth of knowledge,
         | experience, and skills. People already have difficulty getting
         | satisfying diagnoses from MDs with 12 years of training + Epic,
         | imagine how much worse it would be if the person had no clue
         | illnesses other than what Epic spits out even exist.
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | Exactly. Not everything is a zebra, plenty of horses, but...
           | 
           | When I teach new EMTs, there's a common topic that comes up.
           | For clarity, EMTs undergo about 200 hours of training, for
           | what is called BLS (basic life support) - essentially non-
           | invasive processes. _Generally_ they can only administer
           | about 5 medicines (oxygen, aspirin, epinephrine, glucose,
           | nitroglycerin). Paramedics undergo up to 1600 hours of
           | training, for ALS (advanced life support), and can start IVs,
           | administer ~40 medications, and do a variety of invasive
           | procedures.
           | 
           | So our local EMS protocols say that if you administer a
           | caloric supplement (i.e. glucose) for someone with
           | hypoglycemia, you must "upgrade" that call to ALS and have a
           | paramedic respond.
           | 
           | "But what if the patient is getting better?" As expected, as
           | hoped. And if the hypoglycemia is really just that, then 99%
           | of those patients won't need, or want, further
           | care/transport. And for 99% of that 99% (arbitrary, but very
           | high, percentages), it's probably entirely reasonable. "So if
           | they're getting better, why do we want a higher level of
           | care?"
           | 
           | For the zebras. For the person with endocrine issues, or for
           | whom hypoglycemia isn't a simple diabetes-related thing, but
           | actually symptomatic of early organ failure, or other things,
           | to get a deeper review to make sure we don't say "Sure thing,
           | Mrs Smith, just stay home and have your husband make you a
           | PB&J or two for some complex carbs" to the patient who has
           | something more serious going on.
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | Having worked in healthcare IT, and as a prehospital provider
         | who has seen and interacted with many EHR systems, including
         | Epic, Meditech, and ESO (moreso for prehospital)... the sooner
         | Epic dies in a fire the better.
         | 
         | Keyword-driven differentials should be, if anything, the
         | baseline, bottom rung, pattern matching to inspire and drive
         | critical thinking, focused assessment, and diagnostic skills.
         | Not to "easy mode" the path of least resistance.
        
           | pen2l wrote:
           | Epic very much is poised to take over and every week it
           | appears a new large healthcare center makes the switch to it.
           | 
           | I think the hard lesson everyone must learn eventually is
           | that they have to take control of/become deeply involved with
           | their healthcare as much as possible, because dragons are
           | everywhere. For the average person acute care is not needed
           | when they're thinking of reaching out to the doctor, and they
           | shouldn't because elevating intervention can quickly result
           | in shit: got a headache or a hip injury? The doctors will
           | give you a plethora of CT scans and you end up with cancer.
           | Got pain? They'll give you opioids so you end up with
           | crippling addiction.
           | 
           | It's true on a national level:
           | https://www.wesh.com/article/us-health-care-worst-
           | outcomes-h... and at a local level iatrogenesis is seen
           | abound.
           | 
           | Indeed, of paramount importance for us is to learn how to
           | take care of ourselves by going back to the basics (avoid
           | processed diets, increase fibre-intake, etc, exercise,
           | cultivate your link to a positive community so it is there
           | for you in your time of need). And download Epic and learn
           | about healthcare/medicines and take charge as much as
           | possible of your own fate. But when faced with a truly acute
           | problem, see a specialist doctor and follow their commands.
        
         | underseacables wrote:
         | A few years ago I saw a young doctor and all she did was put
         | stuff into an iPad that told her what to do next. I could not
         | run from her fast enough. Medical care of my iPad app is not
         | the way to go
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | A month ago my kids had pink eye. One resolved within days, the
       | other got worse. Instead of a doctor's appointment the next day,
       | we went to the pharmacy where the pharmacist evaluated him and
       | prescribed an antibiotic. Whole thing took 15 minutes. Really
       | made sense for "a parent could diagnose this" kinds of minor
       | ailments.
       | 
       | Also: if it's the pharmacist determining a med and immediately
       | administering it, is she really "pre-scribing" anything?
        
       | diogenescynic wrote:
       | If you go to urgent care, you most likely won't get a physician.
       | 9/10 visits are urgent care you only see a PA or NP and they
       | can't even really do much. Urgent care seems to also provide
       | really poor results--every time I've gone it's a long wait, the
       | workers seem over-stressed, you barely get any time with the
       | doctor, and usually they just do a strep test or give you a
       | Zithromax pack and hope you'll go away.
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | If all you need is a strep test or a Z pack, urgent care is a
         | great deal.
        
           | diogenescynic wrote:
           | Sure, but what about those outlier scenarios? How do I know
           | the NP or PA is actually going to catch those nuances? For
           | example, a few years back I had a sinus infection in the
           | spring and the NP/PA thought it was just allergies and tried
           | to get me to try allergy medication... it was a useless trip.
           | I'd much prefer a physician, but my primary doctor usually is
           | booked out.
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | Anecdote that isn't remotely data: I went to an urgent care
         | facility the first time I had a migraine aura without headache.
         | I described it to the receptionist as a "visual hallucination",
         | since it was a flashing checkerboard pattern that obviously
         | wasn't real.
         | 
         | The receptionist _ran_ to the back to get a doctor. The doctor,
         | in an exam room, very careful, and with significant compassion,
         | explained that they don't have the ability to treat me at that
         | location -- but would I accept an ambulance if they called it?
         | 
         | I took an Uber to the ER, where the admitting nurse gave me a
         | flat stare and said "That's not a hallucination," but still put
         | me at the front of the line to have an attending doctor and a
         | bunch of students stare into my eyeballs before confirming that
         | it was a headacheless migraine.
         | 
         | To this day, I use that experience as an example of a lay
         | person and a professional completely failing to understand each
         | others' word choice.
        
         | sys_64738 wrote:
         | > If you go to urgent care, you most likely won't get a
         | physician.
         | 
         | Not my experience. Every time I've gone to urgent care I am
         | always seen by a MD.
        
       | subharmonicon wrote:
       | Related: I was shocked when I tried to get a COVID booster in NY
       | State and they told me they didn't have a registered nurse on
       | staff that day so they couldn't do any vaccinations.
       | 
       | In California, all of my vaccinations have come from
       | phlebotomists, and it seems that pharmacists can also do them
       | here.
       | 
       | Why does NY State require an RN?
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | WA state during COVID basically authorized EMTs to administer
         | the vaccine. I mean it's literally "find this landmark on the
         | lateral arm, steadily insert needle into muscle tissue, depress
         | plunger, withdraw needle, massage site, bandaid". They had to
         | do a 30 minute "training" on it.
        
       | outlace wrote:
       | MD here. I'm of two minds about this. On the one hand, obviously
       | there's a bit of defensiveness since I went through 12 years of
       | school and training to be an independent physician (4 years
       | college, 4 years medical school, 4 years residency) and I've
       | definitely seen subpar care from other "providers" (not a fan of
       | the term) with less training. The wide variety of different
       | "providers" is also confusing to patients who have little idea
       | the differences in training and scope. The training for non-MD
       | "providers" seems very variable, unlike the quite standardized MD
       | training. I definitely think residency training is a much more
       | robust and you need to have that critical feedback from
       | supervising physicians to improve, which I think can be lacking
       | in non-residency based training. Overall, nothing against
       | PAs/NPs, I know some great ones.
       | 
       | On the other hand, a lot of what I do doesn't require 12 years of
       | training, so I am sympathetic to making health care more
       | accessible. I am also a bit jealous that my non-MD colleagues can
       | easily switch from e.g. being a primary care PA to being
       | dermatology PA, whereas as an MD I'm pretty much stuck in my
       | specialty unless I go through another 4+ year residency. Instead
       | of MD-training getting shorter to compete, it's actually getting
       | longer in many cases. Residency trainings are getting longer not
       | shorter for a number of specialties (e.g. neurosurgery,
       | interventional cardiology, pediatric hospitalist).
        
         | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
         | The current choices are
         | 
         | 1) Uniterested, slapdash care from an MD with 12+ years of
         | training and no ability to listen or empathize but eager to
         | make the money s/he went into medicine to make
         | 
         | 2) The same from an assistant of some kind who uses ever-
         | degrading search engines to look up not-your-problem and give
         | you potentially dangerous suggestions
         | 
         | The future will undoubtedly be worse. As someone mentioned
         | below, we'll pay current premiums (+inflation) for a
         | touchscreen interface to Chat-whatever-it-will-be.
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | I definitely understand your perspective here.
         | 
         | I'm a critical care paramedic, have several friends who are
         | (perhaps unsurprisingly) generally emergency medicine
         | physicians and related (surgeons, anesthesiology, nurses,
         | etc.).
         | 
         | I see the spectrum too. Extremely competent PAs who have long
         | and detailed in depth discussions with physicians as "peers",
         | on one side, and then I see horror shows from people who went
         | from zero to ARNP in programs with "accelerated RN" where they
         | are not functioning providers with far less schooling and
         | clinical experience than even a PA (which is then galling to
         | the PAs, as why are NPs independent practitioners, and PAs
         | not?).
         | 
         | I do think a lot of the issue is in the education and
         | certification process. The AMA is only recently making the
         | slightest inroads into well, not _admitting_ they went too far
         | in restricting physician flow, but maybe acknowledging that
         | there is a problem there. Nature abhors a vacuum, and all.
         | 
         | I had a friend, extremely intelligent, in a BSN program. Called
         | me one day to ask about flow rates for various oxygen adjuncts
         | (nothing fancy, just like "what do you typically run your nasal
         | cannulas at? What about NRBs?") and I was blown away. "Oh yeah,
         | somehow that got overlooked. I know how to set them up, add
         | humidifiers, etc., etc. - they just assume, I suppose, that
         | someone at some point will say some magic numbers to us".
         | 
         | And I'll also say that you see the same pre-hospital too. In
         | PNW, while there are valid criticisms that can be leveled
         | against two of the pre-eminent paramedic programs (UW
         | Harborview, and Tacoma Community), there are far, far, too many
         | "strip mall schools" in other states that will take you from
         | "zero to hero" in 4 or 5 months (of 6 days a week, 8 hours a
         | day, of just class time), and dump you out on the world with
         | just enough retained knowledge to pass your NREMT and the
         | barest amount of ride time to meet DOT mandated minimums. It's
         | scary, to be blunt. These people go out with no clinical
         | experience and are now expected not just to work as a team on a
         | 911 call, but to _lead_ it.
         | 
         | It's the medical equivalent of high school > college > MBA >
         | management position without a day of work experience in your
         | life beforehand. Except now there are literally (at least
         | occasionally) lives at stake.
        
         | syedkarim wrote:
         | Why do you include your undergraduate degree as part of your
         | medical training? I've asked dozens of doctors (and lawyers)
         | about the relevance of their college/undergraduate education to
         | their day-to-day work and none have said it was critical, most
         | have said it was not relevant, and some have had completely
         | non-medical majors (music and physics). Of course, maybe it's
         | different for you, which is why I ask.
        
           | WirelessGigabit wrote:
           | It could be more of explaining the total duration and cost of
           | how long they went to college.
           | 
           | If it's required to have an undergrad I believe one can
           | mention it, even if the undergraduate isn't required.
           | 
           | Like in Belgium you need to have a masters for certain
           | government jobs, but it's not relevant in which field.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Anatomy and many other highly relevant undergraduate courses
           | in biology and chemistry are mandatory for the postgraduate
           | degrees.
        
         | ngngngng wrote:
         | > On the other hand, a lot of what I do doesn't require 12
         | years of training
         | 
         | What, besides surgery, really requires 12 years of training?
         | I've found I have a greater success rate with self diagnosis
         | and treatment than I have with seeing my physician, and I've
         | found a very good internist. An hour spent with ChatGPT and
         | Google and I always find a couple options that fit what I'm
         | experiencing as well as detailed descriptions on how to narrow
         | it down. And since I'm the one experiencing the symptoms,
         | there's no chance of a communications breakdown between me and
         | the doctor who is trying to diagnose me.
        
           | nharada wrote:
           | I think where this breaks down is when you have something
           | rare that requires immediate attention. My impression is that
           | a lot of that medical training is being able to say "oh
           | that's unusual, you need to see a specialist".
        
           | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
           | A recent occurrence I will share related to this was having
           | to convince my doctor that I had Lyme disease. I Googled the
           | symptoms, saw the trademark bullseye, and of course concluded
           | that I had Lyme disease. It was right where I got the tick
           | bite, 8 weeks later.
           | 
           | My doctor refused to believe me. He told me to see a
           | dermatologist about it, thinking it was some skin rash, even
           | though it was exactly where the tick had bit me and it was a
           | bullseye. I shortly thereafter went to an urgent care center
           | where fortunately an RN happened to be from Maryland (I live
           | in the South, where Lyme disease is not really a thing) and
           | she immediately saw my rash and prescribed me the appropriate
           | antibiotics.
           | 
           | The reason my doctor did not believe me? It took 8 weeks for
           | the bullseye to develop. I had gotten the tick bite in Europe
           | (which of course I informed the doctor of very first thing).
           | Typically American Lyme disease displays symptoms much faster
           | (days instead of weeks). The doctor did not bother to do any
           | research to discover what I had found in a few minutes of
           | Googling: that European Lyme disease takes much longer to
           | display symptoms (and I had told him as such as well). He was
           | happy to simply assume that all Lyme disease takes only days
           | to display symptoms instead of weeks, because that's what he
           | knew of, and since mine had taken weeks, well, I just must
           | simply be wrong.
           | 
           | My doctor did have a small redemption: once he was confronted
           | with evidence and did the research himself on what I was
           | saying (after the RN had already treated me), he did call me
           | and apologize. But still. This is a daily occurrence,
           | especially for people that are of underserved genders and
           | races.
           | 
           | I realize this turned into a bit of a rant, but in essence I
           | just want to affirm what you're saying. A lot of doctors,
           | especially PCP, are often not much more than glorified
           | technicians. Combine that with the ego problems that
           | typically accompany being an MD and you get a recipe for
           | people getting subpar care, especially women and minorities.
           | 
           | In the end, unfortunately, only you are responsible for your
           | own medical care and getting the best outcome. It is not
           | sufficient to just trust someone else because they have the
           | words MD after their name.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | Isn't this the natural outcome of the American medical
         | associations license cap? A growing country will always need
         | more medical professionals , if MDs cannot be accessed - then
         | an alternative will emerge.
        
           | konschubert wrote:
           | Is there such a cap?
        
             | peyton wrote:
             | AMA lobbied for a cap on CMS residency funding, and I
             | believe you need to do a residency to get a license, so
             | effectively yes.
        
             | lionsdan wrote:
             | "In 1997, Congress passed the Balanced Budget Act, a
             | bipartisan effort to cut back on spending. The act put a
             | cap on the number of annual residencies CMS would support,
             | and froze the funding at 1996 levels. . . . Since 2007, a
             | bill to increase the number of residencies has been
             | introduced in every Congress . . . but never passed."
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/04/13/were-short-on-
             | healt...
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | But why aren't more residencies paid for through other
               | channels?
               | 
               | I wasn't under the impression that medical residents were
               | _solely_ a drain on hospital resources--my sense was they
               | did a lot of the smaller tasks to free up licensed
               | physicians to do more. At some point, if there aren 't
               | enough CMS-funded residencies and there aren't enough
               | licensed doctors, wouldn't hospitals just start hiring
               | more residents?
               | 
               | The article you linked to has a heading that touches on
               | this ("how did we end up with Medicare basically
               | determining the number of new doctors per year?"), but
               | doesn't actually answer the question it poses. It
               | explains why the government _started_ funding
               | residencies, but not why the industry is now completely
               | dependent on that funding.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | I argued with a PA because they were convinced that the most
         | likely reason for a high white blood cell count in my sample
         | was that it was contaminated post collection. It was a very
         | frustrating discussion that seemed to have gone around in
         | circles many times. I eventually just had to agree to retest. I
         | feel like this would not be an issue talking to an MD.
        
       | RecycledEle wrote:
       | I'd like to see every visit for a chronic illness attended by a
       | medical professional, the patient who is paying for the visit,
       | and another patient who is farther along in the progression of
       | that chronic illness.
       | 
       | The input of someone who has been there and seen their disease
       | progress farther is valuable.
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | Visits delivered by non-physicians, but charged as if they're all
       | MDs. Late stage capitalism is great.
        
       | ultra_nick wrote:
       | Quick care beats quality care past a certain level of time and
       | money.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | I hope AI replaces most of them. My experience in the ER, at
       | least in Canada. You're not getting a doctor. You're getting a
       | doctor's 10 minutes attention, while they're running around from
       | patient to patient. Don't expect your diagnosis to be anything
       | more then the most obvious, A -> B diagnosis. When your problems
       | conflate from the drugs they just wrongly gave you, and add in
       | random screw ups, staff and equipment shortages. You will be
       | getting reactive medicine, as your condition worsens. A death
       | spiral, from which you will not escape. Many will be transitioned
       | to the after life in hospital in this way. Give AI better
       | diagnostic testing data, and AI will make better care decisions
       | then any doctor. The doctors/nurses will still be needed to take
       | care of the patient. But it seems pretty clear that AI will be
       | making the decisions, in the short future.
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | It's getting harder to see a doctor, they only let you see a
       | physicians assistant, Who acts like a doctor, but isn't. I
       | understand they meet with a doctor later to discuss the case,
       | but... It's just not the same. A physicians assistant is not a
       | doctor
        
       | HumblyTossed wrote:
       | Wait until your insurance demands you use their "AI" first before
       | even visiting your doctor.
        
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