[HN Gopher] Kidney stone procedure "has the potential to be game...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Kidney stone procedure "has the potential to be game changing"
        
       Author : elorant
       Score  : 209 points
       Date   : 2023-10-26 14:32 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (komonews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (komonews.com)
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | Oh nice. I had to have mine lasered and it was a big ordeal with
       | tubes being placed ahead of time and later removed over as many
       | appointment.
        
         | anonymousiam wrote:
         | Had my latest one lasered a few months ago. It all went well,
         | except for the annoying stent that had to be removed a month
         | later. IMHO, the laser approach to removing the stone (by
         | obliterating it) is safer for the kidneys.
        
       | apetresc wrote:
       | > It will also give astronauts the go ahead they need from NASA
       | to travel to Mars.
       | 
       | Wait, what? Everything else was worked out, but NASA just went
       | "hold on, we can't go to Mars just yet until we figure out what
       | to do if an astronaut gets kidney stones on the way"?
       | 
       | Did the writer just throw this in to make the procedure seem more
       | hip and exciting?
        
         | chmod775 wrote:
         | It's a real issue in space:
         | 
         | > Because space travel makes astronauts prone to kidney stones
         | due, in part to bone demineralization from weightlessness, they
         | are at increased risk. The NASA evidence base and publications
         | note that astronauts have had more than 30 instances of kidney
         | stones within two years of space travel. Medical assistance is
         | a formidable challenge for those orbiting this planet or
         | heading to other solar system destinations.
         | 
         | https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/keeping-kidney-stones-bay-durin...
        
           | Andrex wrote:
           | I'm not even sure a free trip to space would be worth a
           | kidney stone, personally.
        
             | bastardoperator wrote:
             | Yeah, hard pass for me, no pun intended.
        
               | sabellito wrote:
               | The pun was very good though, you should've intended it.
        
               | TrevorJ wrote:
               | Best pun I have heard in ages.
        
             | throwanem wrote:
             | I mean if it was only blocking a ureter for ten minutes
             | tops, then sure? Compared to what hydronephrosis feels
             | like, merely voiding one isn't so much of a much, really.
        
           | bilsbie wrote:
           | We really should be working on artificial gravity via
           | spinning. It solves so many issues.
           | 
           | I know smaller craft can't do this but we can always do a
           | long tether with a counterweight.
           | 
           | (My personal pet idea is to go for super low gravity like
           | .05G to start out to simplify things. You still get to walk
           | around, go to the bathroom, spill liquids and clean up, cook,
           | etc. )
        
             | _Microft wrote:
             | We have years of experience with both short and long-term
             | missions in zero or micro gravity but we know a lot less
             | about how low gravity affects the human body. We can hope
             | that it is beneficial but what we actually need is a way to
             | study it.
        
               | simcop2387 wrote:
               | And there's a very good chance that what we do know about
               | zero/microgravity will still be beneficial with low
               | gravity too. Definitely a reason to work on this even if
               | we do ultimately wait until we have some kind of low
               | gravity solution too.
        
             | Lord-Jobo wrote:
             | https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/houston-we-have-a-
             | podcast/arti...
             | 
             | This podcast covers a lot of the status on international
             | studies for artificial gravity.
             | 
             | "Now we did try to fly a centrifuge on station around 2009
             | or 2010. And again, it was the same international community
             | and we put together an international proposal to do it on
             | station. And it turns out after a lot of hemming and hawing
             | and the U.S. was going to provide the crew and the
             | integration, the Japanese were going to fly it and the
             | Europeans were going to pay for the device and have it
             | built, and flight certified. It turns out that the station
             | really isn't designed for that much vibration. So instead
             | of just having a person laying there, we were going to have
             | a person with a cycle ergometer that would spin and do the
             | ergometer. And that much vibration was bad for the station
             | and it was decided that you would have to have a very
             | expensive vibration isolation system that the Europeans
             | weren't willing to pay for to be able to do it. So, we kind
             | of lost the possibility of doing human centrifuge work on
             | station at this time."
             | 
             | So it looks like this is the current issue, and there is a
             | large amount of work going into the physiological side of
             | research to find out exactly what amounts and methods of
             | artificial gravity achieve desired results.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | This all stems from the fact that the current cost to
               | orbit per kg is too impractical to build a space station
               | that is designed to rotate.
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | We really should be working on fusion powered rockets so we
             | can just accelerate at .5g and get places quickly.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | Spin tha drum beltaloada!
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | Isn't size and speed the issue?
             | 
             | For a 50m radius don't you need about 10 RPM (rotation once
             | every 6 seconds!)? That's actually right at the maximum
             | dimension of the ISS, no?
             | 
             | And you're going to feel the gravity differential if you
             | aren't _exactly_ on the rim.
             | 
             | We'd have to get significantly better at building _much_
             | bigger space structures before rotating them will be even
             | remotely feasible.
        
           | bscphil wrote:
           | > The NASA evidence base and publications note that
           | astronauts have had more than 30 instances of kidney stones
           | within two years of space travel.
           | 
           | What does this mean? Surely the _average_ astronaut doesn 't
           | pass 30 kidney stones every two years, that's more than one a
           | month. So it's either over a _specific_ two year period (for
           | every astronaut in space at the time, probably a lot?) or it
           | 's for a specific number of astronauts. Confusing sentence.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I think they mean there have been 30 reported cases of an
             | astronaut getting a kidney stone less than 2 years after
             | their latest space flight.
             | 
             | Given that astronauts are exceptionally physically fit
             | individuals to start with, at least at the time of their
             | space missions, this is probably quite significant evidence
             | that space flight causes kidney stones.
        
         | at_a_remove wrote:
         | The article has a bit in it "This technology is also making it
         | possible for astronauts to travel to Mars, since astronauts are
         | at a greater risk for developing kidney stones during space
         | travel." And then a hyperlink to more information.
        
         | aristus wrote:
         | As I understand it, it was not literally the last thing holding
         | back. But NASA worries about _everything_ and we have centuries
         | of examples of remote missions failing because of medical
         | problems that could not be solved in the field. Billions of
         | dollars, tens of years, and a ship full of lives can 't be
         | risked on a 3mm pebble if it can possibly be prevented.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | > we have centuries of examples of remote missions failing
           | 
           | decades*
        
             | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
             | Depends on how broadly you define "remote missions"
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | I assume they're including sailing ships dealing with
             | scurvy, and things like that. We haven't been in space very
             | long, but we're a species of explorers.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | The Franklin Expedition of 1845 comes to mind. There were
               | even theories about new-ish technology (tinned food)
               | accidentally poisoning the crew with lead.
        
         | letmevoteplease wrote:
         | NASA currently considers kidney stones an unacceptable risk for
         | a Mars mission that requires mitigation.[1] There are also
         | about 10 other risks requiring mitigation, though.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Risks/risk.aspx?i=81
         | 
         | [2] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Risks/
        
           | ghufran_syed wrote:
           | NASA saying there is a "research gap" and that it "needs
           | mitigation" is very different from it being an "unacceptable
           | risk" which implies that no mission can happen _until_ it
           | happens. if there was a ship ready to go with a hab and
           | propellant for the return trip sitting on mars, I can
           | guarantee they would take the very next transfer window,
           | kidney stone risk notwithstanding- particularly if the
           | chinese or russians were about to do so and might get there
           | first!
        
             | hypercube33 wrote:
             | I mean I just watched a bunch of documentaries about
             | Challenger and Columbia...you're damn right they would
             | rubber stamp it.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | According to the method by which NASA measures risk, it is
             | indeed an "unacceptable risk". The red 4x4 "LxC" box stands
             | for "likelihood x consequence". So they consider it a high
             | likelihood and a severe consequence. It's red because that
             | puts it in the unacceptable category.
             | 
             | If you look at the medical risk matrix it puts the
             | likelihood between 60% - 80% and consequence at "loss time
             | injury or illness per OSHA criteria" On a score of 1 (least
             | risky) to 25 (most risky), a 4x4 scores 22.
             | 
             | Now to your point about "guaranteeing" they would still go,
             | they are allowed to waive these risks through a formal
             | process. It tends to make managers squeamish though,
             | because nobody wants to be the person who's signature is
             | attached to a known risk that eventually causes a mishap.
             | 
             | https://www.nasa.gov/wp-
             | content/uploads/2015/10/s3001_guidel...
        
           | WirelessGigabit wrote:
           | Maybe I'm not looking at the right terms but the appendix
           | isn't on it. Is there a requirement for astronauts to have an
           | appendectomy? Like researches in Antarctica.
        
             | extraduder_ire wrote:
             | Returning from space in a hurry is a lot quicker than
             | returning from Antarctica over winter. I don't know, but
             | I've never heard of that being in their risk profile or
             | requirements.
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | Can you abort while you're on the way to Mars?
        
             | __s wrote:
             | Looked up antarctica appendectomy:
             | https://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/people-in-
             | ant...
             | 
             | Only required for doctors staying over winter. Neat
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | Probably because the Soviets famously had only one doctor
               | at one of their stations and he happened to get
               | appendicitis. Had to do his own appendectomy with two
               | assistants to hold a mirror and light, and also what I
               | assume were copious amounts of vodka.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | From a non-NASA site:
             | 
             | "NASA does not mandate astronauts to undergo an
             | appendectomy before embarking on a mission. This decision
             | stems from the understanding that the risks associated with
             | surgery frequently outweigh the potential benefits."
             | 
             | https://www.lunarsail.com/do-astronauts-have-their-
             | appendix-...
        
         | joduplessis wrote:
         | Not to the moon or the space station, but to Mars. Yes, next
         | stop is Mars folks.
        
       | user568439 wrote:
       | Nice, but why this website trues to download a file automatically
       | to my phone?
        
         | CodesInChaos wrote:
         | Doesn't happen for me, but I'd guess it's a wrong mime-type on
         | an ad-iframe.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Did you have the patience to wait for "saving preferences"? I
         | gave up at around 74% whatever that means.
        
           | nharada wrote:
           | Yeah it takes time to "save preferences" if you don't give it
           | maximum permissions.
        
         | cromulent wrote:
         | I'm used to accepting cookies, but after the download I checked
         | the list of "required cookies". Insane. I clicked on one
         | privacy policy and was met with the same download and required
         | cookies in order to read it.
        
       | Ecco wrote:
       | The UW announcement is from 2022. I wonder why that article is
       | posted now.
       | 
       | https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/ultrasound-promises-relief-thos...
        
       | xezzed wrote:
       | Well, isn't it called 'lithotripsy' and exists for quite a time?
        
         | apendleton wrote:
         | This is "burst wave lithotripsy," compared to the somewhat-
         | similar existing "shock wave lithotripsy." The new iteration
         | apparently works more quickly and causes less pain, so can be
         | performed while the patient is awake rather than requiring
         | general anesthesia, which would make it practical to do it in,
         | say, an ER or regular doctor's office. See
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117400/#sec2t...
         | for a comparison of the mechanisms.
        
           | bgm1975 wrote:
           | It also probably has the same caveat that shock wave
           | lithotripsy does too, where if the stone travels below the
           | pelvis, the procedure can't be used.
        
           | xezzed wrote:
           | thanks)
        
         | __xor_eax_eax wrote:
         | > Ureteroscopy is another minimally invasive way to treat
         | stones but often requires a temporary stent, which can be quite
         | uncomfortable.
         | 
         | "The ways we have to currently treat stones have some
         | downsides," he said. "Most involve anesthesia."
         | 
         | In contrast to the shock waves used in ESWL, the BWL procedure
         | uses "short harmonic bursts" of ultrasound energy, potentially
         | enabling the stones to be broken up in a shorter procedure
         | without the need for sedation or anesthesia. Pre-clinical
         | studies supported the effectiveness of BWL in breaking
         | experimental stones of varying size and composition, the study
         | noted.
        
           | bgm1975 wrote:
           | Having had a Ureteroscopy procedure, I can say it sure as
           | hell doesn't feel minimally invasive. It (well, post-op until
           | they remove the stint) was almost as unpleasant as the kidney
           | stone.
        
             | kasperset wrote:
             | I can vouch for this having recently suffered from Kidney
             | stone and the "treatment".
        
       | vondur wrote:
       | Ooh, this sounds good. I've had kidney stones a couple of times.
       | It was not very fun.
        
       | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
       | Is this available anywhere outside of UW?
        
       | Giorgi wrote:
       | Ultrasonic bursts? Is not that quite an old tech for stones?
        
       | lunarimiso wrote:
       | I just, 2 days ago, starting to experience slight discomfort in
       | the liver/kidney area. The feeling was very similar to how it was
       | with my gallbladder. At least until it was removed. I am totally
       | a ticking time bomb. So, yes.. please bring on even better
       | treatments.
        
         | justanotheratom wrote:
         | just FYI, AFAIK, kidney stone pain is sudden and unbearable,
         | when the stone starts moving out of the kidney. Slight
         | discomfort may not be a sign of kidney stone.
        
           | powersurge360 wrote:
           | Chronic stone former here, requiring surgical intervention a
           | few times a year.
           | 
           | It definitely can be sudden and debilitating but for most of
           | my teenage years I had mistaken the pain for 'sleeping
           | wrong'. Sometimes when I would bend over and then stand it
           | would feel like someone had stapled my back together at the
           | bend and I had to rip it out. It hurt, but not anything like
           | what I expected. A couple of years later I wound up having a
           | few stones that had grown to larger than an inch.
           | 
           | If you have unusual and unexpected pain it's definitely worth
           | getting checked out. I didn't have health insurance at the
           | time and since the pain was intermittent I never suspected
           | anything serious and just chalked it up to sleeping in a poor
           | posture or maybe not getting enough exercise to be limber. It
           | almost killed me!
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | For a long time I had a fear of flying.
             | 
             | After I passed stones I noticed something odd - no usual
             | anxiety during takeoff and landing.
             | 
             | It was the stones all this time.
        
               | UberFly wrote:
               | Strange. A mental thing or possible pain from sitting so
               | long?
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | It varies a _lot_ depending on the size of the stone and its
           | jaggedness.
           | 
           | I've unfortunately had several of them. Some passed with only
           | mild discomfort. Others were excruciating... worst pain I've
           | ever had.
           | 
           | Somewhere around here I have a glass bottle with my
           | collection of stones.
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | > _Still being run through clinical trials at UW Medicine, the
       | procedure called_ _ burst wave lithotripsy _ _uses an ultrasound
       | wand and soundwaves to break apart the kidney stone_
       | 
       | > _Ultrasonic propulsion is then used to move the stone fragments
       | out, potentially giving patients relief in 10 minutes or less_
       | 
       | (Edit)
       | 
       | "Fragmentation of Stones by Burst Wave Lithotripsy in the First
       | 19 Humans" (2022)
       | https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000002...
       | gscholar citations:
       | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=4452238185664707620...
       | 
       | Lithotripsy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotripsy
       | 
       | EWST: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave_thera...
       | 
       | Could NIRS help with this targeted ultrasound procedure, too?
       | 
       | "Ultrasound-activated chemotherapy advances therapeutic potential
       | in deep tumours" (2023)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37885774#37885798 :
       | 
       | > _NIRS Near-Infrared Spectroscopy does not require contrast
       | FWIU?_
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | On reading brains with light,
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28399099#28400060 :
         | 
         | > _What about with realtime NIRS with an (inverse?) scattering
         | matrix?_
         | 
         | FWIU Openwater's technology portfolio includes targeted
         | ultrasound with e.g. NIRS and LSI/LSCI:
         | https://www.openwater.health/technology
         | 
         | One of their demo videos explains how inverting the scattering
         | caused by the occluding body yields the mass-density at least
         | (?). [Radio]Spectroscopy and quantum crystallography may have
         | additional insight for tissue identification with low-cost NIRS
         | sensor data?
         | 
         | Open fNIRS: https://openfnirs.org/
         | 
         | "Quantum light sees quantum sound: phonon/photon correlations"
         | (2023) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37793765 ; the
         | photonic channel actually embeds the phononic field
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | I've had conventional lithotripsy a few times, and I now have
       | CKD. I have none of the typical CKD risk factors, and I suspect
       | that the ultrasonic energy caused some damage. Unfortunately
       | there is no way to know.
        
       | RCitronsBroker wrote:
       | it may be good to know that we aren't talking about an entirely
       | new process, shock(!) wave lithotripsy has been around for quite
       | some time now. The "game-changer" is the introduction of burst
       | wave lithotripsy, which apparently is less painful and thus
       | possible to go through without general anaesthisia, which, don't
       | get me wrong, is definitely an improvement. But I'm not sure I'd
       | call it a game changer.
       | 
       | I'm not convinced it's entirely painless as it's still the same
       | "crush and drive out via ultrasound" idea. Combine this with the
       | fact that just existing is excruciating with stones, i don't see
       | a way around opioid analgesia. Additionally, the game hasn't
       | changed in the regard of the human pelvis being great at keeping
       | out ultrasound, so if your stones are out of reach that way,
       | you're SOL.
        
         | misja111 wrote:
         | Shock or burst wave lithotripsy is not new either, but it is
         | being improved all the time. So I guess that's what this
         | article is about, just another recent improvement.
        
         | indigomm wrote:
         | I've had lithotripsy and it certainly wasn't done under general
         | anaesthetic. They just gave me painkillers and the procedure
         | was fine. I was in and out very quickly - something like an
         | hour or so.
        
       | misja111 wrote:
       | I must be missing something. This kind of treatment is called
       | lithotripsy and it is used already since the 80's. What is new
       | here?
        
         | xutopia wrote:
         | Burst waves rather than one signal.
        
       | jl2718 wrote:
       | Breakthrough? You could buy these machines on Alibaba years ago
       | marketed for this purpose. I assume this means there was a
       | cottage industry of private kidney stone treatment in Asia.
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | I wonder if it helps impotence as ESWL seems to have been used
       | iin this regard as well.https://healthcare.utah.edu/mens-
       | health/conditions/erectile-....
        
       | anotheraccount9 wrote:
       | 'Breakthrough'
        
       | oldbbsnickname wrote:
       | I have 19 mm left and 14 mm right stones that I generally don't
       | notice and don't have any pain.
       | 
       | ESWL seemed like a scam because there was no redness on back
       | tissue and not a single grain or fragment was passed. I wonder if
       | they set the machine to a high enough power or if they skipped
       | the actual procedure while I was anesthetized.
       | 
       | I'm wondering if BWL would be any better where ESWL fails.
        
       | UberFly wrote:
       | They've been blasting with sound waves for a while. "Ultrasonic
       | propulsion" though, that sounds cool.
        
       | RobRivera wrote:
       | Kidney stone breakthrough...hehehe thats funny.
       | 
       | [Best read in Norm MacDonald's Burt Reynolds' voice]
        
       | mechhacker wrote:
       | I've broken bones, including a leg, and a kidney stone was the
       | most painful thing I've experienced.
       | 
       | It was so painful it resulted in a blackout as it was moving
       | through my innards and getting to my bladder. Anything to save
       | myself from that non-invasively would be welcome. Thankfully,
       | they have not returned as I think I know what triggers them for
       | me.
        
         | anderber wrote:
         | May I ask what triggered them for you? As someone prone to
         | them, I'm curious if I'm doing everything possible to avoid
         | these nasty things.
        
           | kabouseng wrote:
           | Vitamin fizzy / soluble pills can cause it for some people.
        
           | mechhacker wrote:
           | I narrowed it down to grapefruit. At least that's what I
           | suspect. I avoid them now.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | grapefruits should usually help, as they're high in citric
             | acid.
        
               | 131012 wrote:
               | most citrus fruits help to reduce kidney stones, but not
               | grapefruit. grapefruit has different weird interaction
               | with medication and does increase risk of kidney stones,
               | contrary to other citrus fruits.
               | 
               | https://www.webmd.com/diet/foods-high-in-oxalates
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | I don't know what to believe any more because that
               | article says kale is a low oxalate food, but
               | https://blog.swedish.org/swedish-blog/kale-causes-kidney-
               | sto... says the opposite (and was on the list I got at
               | discharge)
        
         | northernman wrote:
         | I've had several kidney stones - usually at about one year
         | intervals.
         | 
         | The first was the worst because you don't know what it is.
         | Subsequent stones didn't seem to be as bad, since I knew I was
         | going to survive.
         | 
         | The emerg doc told me that some ladies say the pain worse than
         | childbirth.
        
       | galkk wrote:
       | Hope that the ticking bomb in my right kidney (that was found
       | during CT scan when the stone from my _left_ kidney was coming
       | out) can wait for the next year.
       | 
       | In all seriousness the article doesn't have anything about
       | general availability and cost, alas. How soon it can be offered
       | at your typical hospital instead of vicodin and lots of water?
        
       | xxpor wrote:
       | I was asked if I wanted to sign up in 2020, and said yes. No word
       | back from the team though :(. I ended up getting the normal EWST,
       | at UW Medicine.
       | 
       | I had a stone kicking around for 2 years that would cause pain
       | off and on. Went to normal primary care, but they had no idea. We
       | thought it was a gastro issue, since it felt like constipation
       | (or so I thought). The problem was I was always fine when I
       | actually went to see the doc. Until I finally went to the ER and
       | they ordered a simple x-ray and found it :/
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-10-26 23:01 UTC)