[HN Gopher] Nanofiche: Small Storage, for Forever
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nanofiche: Small Storage, for Forever
        
       Author : Paul-Craft
       Score  : 202 points
       Date   : 2023-10-22 19:50 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.archmission.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.archmission.org)
        
       | ahazred8ta wrote:
       | Etched nickel fiche sheets, 2000 pages per square cm.
        
       | wolfram74 wrote:
       | One thing I was curious about in that post I didn't catch was
       | what kind of reader they would need. I've been a bit curious
       | about the state of microfiche readers in the recent past, and
       | going much denser is going to require even more niche fiche
       | reacher. I mean reader. They list the unusual machine as a
       | downside for microfiche, but don't mention what kind of machine
       | they'll need.
        
         | rolfvandekrol wrote:
         | In the FAQ on https://nanofiche.com/services/ they claim that a
         | microscope should be sufficient to retrieve the engraved
         | information.
        
         | barbegal wrote:
         | The numbers suggest a ~1000:1 reduction in scale so a 1000x
         | optical microscope should be more than sufficient. But finding
         | the information you are searching for at that scale sounds
         | difficult unless pages are indexed and numbered in both the x
         | and y axes.
        
           | tingletech wrote:
           | As with microfiche, it seems like the page number should be
           | sufficient as long as you know how many pages per column or
           | row.
        
       | canadaduane wrote:
       | Patents are from 2010 - 2014. For most people, I guess the
       | technology would be available to use in 2034?
        
       | mrb wrote:
       | Their math is erroneous. They claim at, 300 dpi, a capacity of
       | 300,000 analog images, per letter size sheet of Nanofiche, and at
       | 600 dpi a capacity of 150,000 images. But the jump from 300 to
       | 600 dpi requires four times (not two times) the capacity. So they
       | probably can store only 75,000 images at 600 dpi.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Remember it's analog tech. Perhaps the 150dpi mode doesn't
         | fully exploit the resolution of the material and the higher
         | modes do?
         | 
         | I could imagine they would not want to make a single page too
         | small (makes the readers more complex) so perhaps they draw the
         | low-res images a bit bigger than needed.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | And people assume DPI and LPI (lines per inch, the vertical)
           | are the same but there's no reason they have to be.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | That seemed a bit over exhuberant I think. The problem is that to
       | test the hypothesis will take a really long time.
        
       | strken wrote:
       | It's really weird to me that this can be patented. Not that it's
       | a bad patent, I just thought people had been doing nanometre
       | scale photolithography with other metals for decades.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | Lots of small steps like this get patented and have to be
         | challenged in court before they're released.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Patented means it will have lower adoption and fail to store
         | info that will be essential to capture on time
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | IBM made a 3 atom wide transistor about 23 years ago, and just
         | for fun constructed a model of the USS Enterprise from Star
         | Trek (and no, i don't know which one, but i'd assume the one
         | from TOS) out of atoms. Then they patented it and tucked it
         | away in their vaults.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | Seems a terrible patent:
         | 
         | 1)Demonstrably no novelty whatsoever. "My device does what they
         | do just a bit smaller" isn't novelty unless the processes
         | themselves are some kind of breakthrough which these clearly
         | aren't.
         | 
         | 2)Not being obvious is one of the conditions for a patent is
         | the US[1]. It seems you could make a strong argument for this
         | being obvious in the sense that
         | 
         | a)it is. "We have a thing that stores information by making it
         | small. We want to store more information... I know let's make
         | it smaller." is definitely an obvious chain of reasoning
         | 
         | b)to make it more obvious they even helped your argument by
         | naming their thing after the one that's a bit bigger and just
         | changed the name to the next engineering prefix down in scale.
         | 
         | 3)Very clearly undermines their whole facade about doing
         | something for the benefit of humanity.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/essentials
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | I wonder if this could be used for digital tech too. Though I
       | assume the density would be pretty low then compared to other
       | optical methods like Archival Blu-Rays. The longevity however is
       | much higher if it really is as promised.
        
         | livrem wrote:
         | "It also worth noting that Nanofiche primarily stores data in
         | analog format, but can also be used to encode digital data for
         | archival preservation as well -- either as analog images of
         | digital bitmaps, or in native digital formats (such as DVD
         | format)". Does not say at what density.
        
       | crtified wrote:
       | (mostly joking) On the downside, it makes it really really hard
       | to find post-apocalyptic evidence of alien species, from the
       | other side of the universe.
       | 
       | "Sir, we've set up our 3 kilometre array of precisely calibrated
       | space telescopes, capable of detecting the slightest wobble in
       | the deep space radio frequencies, and automatically translating
       | all possible alien languages!"
       | 
       | Aliens: No bueno. You'll _actually_ need to find the 1 millimetre
       | disc of quantum-lithographed Nickel buried on one of our physical
       | moons, 1000 light years from your location. There, you 'll find
       | our entire history and knowledge! Enjoy! ;)
        
         | extraduder_ire wrote:
         | I mean, if you have the tech developed enough, you could etch
         | such information on every rock you come across. With something
         | like nano-machines or GMO'd bacteria. Probably have some info
         | in the machines/bacteria anyway, but basic text but small would
         | probably be more discoverable.
         | 
         | Imagine a stretch of desert extending past the horizon in all
         | directions, each grain of sand containing a wikipedia-worth of
         | information, mostly redundant. Hopefully useful, and not
         | maddening like the monolith from 2001.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | If you're in a scifi movie and you find a monolith, it's
           | probably gonna be a hassle!
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | > _The only sure-fire way to guarantee that important information
       | can be recovered in the event of a catastrophic event, is to back
       | it up with specialized archival media that are designed to
       | survive and be recoverable, even without access to computers and
       | electronics._
       | 
       | I mean, I guess you don't need a computer to read this, but you
       | sure do need a good microscope.
       | 
       | I guess I'm not really entirely sure of the point. If you're
       | really trying to preserve basic knowledge to restart
       | civilization, I'd think you'd want libraries of full-size
       | readable books spread across the world. Not something that
       | requires you to first build a microscope.
       | 
       | While if you're trying to store as much historical and
       | technological data as possible, it seems like you'd want to
       | encode it digitally with error correction codes, not as optically
       | readable text. The encoding/decoding instructions can easily fit
       | on a single cover page, optically encoded.
        
         | Clamchop wrote:
         | You're focusing on how hard it will be to read but the central
         | thrust is whether it is recoverable at all.
         | 
         | Can't read what no longer exists, by any means.
         | 
         | Paper disintegrates without maintenance. Tape disintegrates.
         | Hard drives lose magnetization. SSDs lose their charge states.
         | Stone erodes. Several of these won't survive fire, water,
         | magnetic fields, or radiation.
         | 
         | Also, I don't see why you couldn't store digital data on this,
         | for example as pits and lands, or base 64 text, or some other
         | scheme, with error correction of your choice. (But if it's as
         | durable as they say, it's not as necessary.) But, that requires
         | additional effort to decode.
         | 
         | I enjoy research into highly stable means of storing data. I
         | think Microsoft Research was developing a technique of storing
         | data in a 3D arrangement in glass. Very fascinating.
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | > Paper disintegrates without maintenance. Tape
           | disintegrates. Hard drives lose magnetization. SSDs lose
           | their charge states. Stone erodes. Several of these won't
           | survive fire, water, magnetic fields, or radiation.
           | 
           | Computers, peripherals, microscopes, and any other devices
           | needed to access some incredibly durable archival format will
           | also degrade. The information needed to produce new ones will
           | need to be archived, and that material will degrade and need
           | archiving.
           | 
           | Do you know how much information is necessary to describe all
           | of the details relevant to producing an extremely good
           | microscope from scratch? It's not just the parts and
           | materials, it's the entirety of the supply chain: the mining,
           | refining, electronics, power production, and everything else.
           | All of that information needs to be _accessibly_ preserved.
           | 
           | So it begs the question, is it really easier to make the
           | prerequisite for the information's use be _a working
           | precision instrument_ or is it easier to just actively
           | maintain lots of copies of less durable materials like books?
           | 
           | If the sky falls tomorrow, how many years is some archive
           | really useful for in _any_ format? Most of a sturdy, well-
           | designed library of books will probably survive for a decade.
           | A good percentage will probably survive a century. On the
           | other hand, a high precision microscope probably won 't "just
           | work" after a decade or two of sitting around disused in
           | unideal conditions. A working power supply would probably
           | last even less time.
           | 
           | We must accept that there's some ongoing upkeep of an archive
           | regardless of how durable its contents are. And while a book
           | isn't as durable as some quartz or other fancy material, you
           | can pretty easily make books to replace old ones even in
           | pretty miserable conditions (we did it for centuries, albeit
           | at great cost). There's a remarkably high cost to making sure
           | there's a working microscope around, and keeping the
           | information and resources necessary to make new ones and
           | repair existing ones available.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | We've been able to manage to make very good microscopes for
             | quite a while. It won't take much more than industrial
             | revolution level tech for this to work
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | If you have industrial revolution tech, you can already
               | maintain and mass produce libraries of books. Probably
               | quite easily.
        
               | thewakalix wrote:
               | What about all the information that was lost in the
               | meantime, because you _weren 't_ maintaining it then?
        
             | flir wrote:
             | I think it would be reasonable to store a fixed-focus
             | compound microscope as part of your archive. That's
             | basically a tube and a couple of lenses, and it gets you to
             | 500x right off the bat.
             | 
             | But if you want to be doubly sure, include instructions for
             | making a hand lens at 1x, and instructions for making a
             | microscope at 5x.
        
           | genewitch wrote:
           | I love the "theory" that optical media, especially the golden
           | DVDs will be readable in "100 years" or whatever hilariously
           | optimistic length of time claimed. Sure, DVDs and even CDs i
           | have carefully stored in a humidity controlled environment
           | worked _the last time i checked_ , there's always the risk
           | that the next time i pull them out of storage they won't. I
           | think blu-ray is claimed to be even longer than DVD for
           | storage, and i guess it makes sense in theory, the QC/QM
           | needed to pack 120GB on a 12cm disc must be wild.
           | 
           | I have books on my bookshelf that are older than 100 years
           | old. I don't think 100 years is even that much to ask, seeing
           | as i know who William Shakesman and Chaucer are.
           | 
           | I'm in a unique position, though - my music is on an SD card
           | traveling in space right now, thanks to some attentive
           | friends who petitioned to get me on there. Or so i'm told.
           | How would i know, my spaceship is in the shop.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | _plastic media_ optical disks don't last 100 years, but
             | glass media optical disks do. They exist. My family's small
             | business used to sell, refurbish, and maintain big
             | jukeboxes for 12 inch Write-Once, Read-Many glass optical
             | disks (in these big minidisc-like cartridges) for customers
             | like big banks that needed guaranteed 50 year archives.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | have you ever read a disk that was 50 years old?
        
           | bccdee wrote:
           | You're understating how long good-quality paper will last.
           | Proper archival paper lasts hundreds of years without fading
           | or discolouration--we have no idea what the upper limit on
           | its lifetime is.
           | 
           | And, in practice, it doesn't matter whether the storage
           | medium can't be read because it's damaged or because the
           | machine to read it doesn't exist anymore. Either you can read
           | it or you can't.
        
           | SuperHeavy256 wrote:
           | "I think Microsoft Research was developing a technique of
           | storing data in a 3D arrangement in glass. Very fascinating."
           | 
           | a-la Superman ?
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | If all you're trying to preserve is text, then a digital format
         | would make sense. Just add "analog" images of unicode tables
         | covering all used symbols, and any used error correction
         | format.
         | 
         | But if this is trying to entice libraries with "replace your
         | microfiche with this easier to maintain format, and do
         | something for history while you are at it" then you need to
         | store scans of newspapers, magazines, etc. Which probably means
         | storing PNGs or similar. At that point, I'm not sure the
         | capacity improvement over "analog" optically readable images is
         | really worth the much more complex decoding setup.
         | 
         | Both for the library use case and for the "a civilization that
         | might not speak our language wants to decode this" use case the
         | complexity of the decoding setup is a major factor.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | Since this is using halftoning and discrete dots, it's
           | technically "digital". You could add some columns for error
           | correction if you wanted.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | I think its fine, microscopes are not that hard to make. If you
         | have a potters' wheel and some abrasive you could work up to
         | it. Small price for access to the old worlds' knowledge,
         | certainly easier than building a record player like the voyager
         | probe suggests xD
        
           | extraduder_ire wrote:
           | If you know what you're making, sure. Europeans kind of
           | lucked out historically, since there was a lot of glass
           | technology in the lead up to optics and then microscopes.
           | Historical China got kind of fucked in that regard, since
           | they did have mirrors, but porcelain was so good they never
           | had to get into the glass part of the tech tree.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Oh... that's interesting. I've never thought of that aspect
             | of why maybe the industrial Revolution took off in Europe
             | but not China. Lenses allowed the development of the
             | telescope, reading glasses (extending working years of
             | scientists and engineers, etc, enabling finer work on
             | clockwork mechanisms), the sextant, the barometer (and thus
             | the study of vacuum that led to steam engines), and the
             | microscope. All that predated the industrial Revolution,
             | laying the scientific groundwork for all that followed.
             | 
             | (Obviously things like that are multi-causal, but I had
             | never heard that idea before, that the amazing porcelain of
             | China kind of held back the development of glass and all
             | its many, many applications.)
        
         | simpaticoder wrote:
         | Strictly speaking you only need books enough to teach the
         | reader to build up to an optical 100x microscope and then use
         | that to access the rest. Eventually you teach them how to build
         | blue lasers and rockets to scan the silica bricks you engraved
         | and stashed in a moon cave for "everything else".
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | How useful are books about building an optical 100x+
           | microscope from scratch to people who have survived a global
           | catastrophic event? Relearning how to make blue lasers is
           | probably extremely low on the list of priorities compared to,
           | say, farming or desalinization. You'd be relying on a fairly
           | niche group of apocalypse survivors to actively preserve the
           | knowledge of microscope production so that someday in the
           | not-very-near future someone might want to learn about quarks
           | or sixteenth century music.
           | 
           | It makes a lot of sense to make the most useful information
           | for apocalypse survivors the most accessible information.
           | Just make books about that information and keep them
           | maintained. Then there's at least incentive to keep the books
           | protected and maintained.
           | 
           | Edit: it sounds like you'd probably need a 1000x to 10000x
           | microscope to really read the nanofiche described in this
           | article. So a potter's wheel is probably not sufficient.
           | Plus, you'd need the materials and tools for working with
           | glass, which might not even be feasible in an apocalypse.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | An apocalypse is not a weird time reset. You still have
             | giant glass furnaces and propane and even industrial
             | control systems.
             | 
             | The tech that survives is probably an odd amalgamation, but
             | chemistry is basically the thing you really want for
             | society - antibiotics, explosives, and fuel.
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | How can you keep propane production, giant glass
               | furnaces, and industrial control systems working but you
               | can't maintain a few hundred warehouses of "normal"
               | archival material? Or just continuing to print books?
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | The trick is that you would need to keep the archival
               | material "continously" while the microscope tech can be
               | lost, forgotten, rediscovered, and then used to read the
               | material.
               | 
               | That is if you have a thousand year gap in your archival
               | material warehouse maintenance the data is lost. If you
               | have a thousand year gap in your ability to make
               | microscopes the data will wait around patiently.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | I could imagine a safe the size of a gun safe completely
         | containing a nano-fiche machine and all of the information on
         | Wikipedia today. This isn't a hard problem.
         | 
         | The hard problem is meting through the information. Fast,
         | contextual search is probably the most important development we
         | have today and you can't really replace it with anything but
         | tons of compute and digitization. Big ass physical libraries
         | don't solve this either.
        
           | flavius29663 wrote:
           | Wikipedia doesn't nearly store as much information as you
           | might think. It's basically the intro 101 on all subjects,
           | but it barely scratches the surface of serious scientific
           | fields. They have a million articles. A large science
           | publisher has more than that for its journals, and there are
           | many large publishers.
        
           | philipswood wrote:
           | On their site they have a photo of
           | 
           | > Wikipedia printed on a nickel book with each leaflet
           | holding 8,000 pages
           | 
           | It's tiny...
           | 
           | https://nanofiche.com/
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > The hard problem is meting through the information.
           | 
           | It doesn't have to be an instanteous thing. Just think of how
           | much time schollars spend on deciphering papyrus fragments.
           | If we would have a nanofiche of the contents of the library
           | of Alexandria multiple departments would spend multiple
           | lifetimes reading and contextualising it.
        
         | Thorrez wrote:
         | They're storing it on the moon. I think if you can manage to
         | get to the moon, you'll be able to get a good enough
         | microscope.
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | Plot twist: when they get to the location, they find a
           | similar plate already there from the _last_ time earthlings
           | climbed out of the mud.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | ...but the reading device (not a microscope but some
             | unrecognizable tech) did not survive.
        
               | shiroiuma wrote:
               | Any decently-designed library like this is going to have
               | some type of easily-read instruction sheet that shows how
               | the bulk of the data is encoded and how to read it,
               | perhaps with plans for a device to do so.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > not a microscope but some unrecognizable tech
               | 
               | But that is the beauty of a microscope. It is not some
               | "unrecognizable tech". Seeing tiny things in detail is a
               | basic skill many new civilisations can re-discover on
               | their own. It doesn't matter if it is our human
               | descendants, smart octopuses or the silurians. They will
               | be interested in seeing tiny things and thus they will
               | construct their equivalent of microscopes.
               | 
               | The important thing is sign-posting. How will they know
               | where to look?
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | is it a tall, black obelisk?
        
             | kgabis wrote:
             | And after decoding and translating it starts with "We're no
             | strangers to love..."
        
           | mikeInAlaska wrote:
           | When we reached the Moon in 1969, could we have read it?
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Yes, extremely easily.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | Microscopes are old tech. The first ones were constructed
             | in around 1600.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > If you're really trying to preserve basic knowledge to
         | restart civilization, I'd think you'd want libraries of full-
         | size readable books spread across the world. Not something that
         | requires you to first build a microscope.
         | 
         | It's not an either/or though. Optimistically we'll be able to
         | store all our collective knowledge in all accessible formats,
         | digital / internet accessible, libraries, etc.
         | 
         | But nobody can see the future. Having this as a backup sounds
         | great. Archive all of e.g. Wikipedia, put it in a time capsule
         | along with a microscope and/or readable instructions on how to
         | make one, make thousands of them and put them in landmarks,
         | caves, monuments, dumb sattelites that are designed to land on
         | ground in 10.000 years, the moon, around the sun with a homing
         | signal (e.g. reflective surface since electronics won't work
         | after 1000 years), etc.
         | 
         | A library can catch fire, the earth may get glassed in WW3, but
         | surely some of these would then survive for future generations
         | or alien archeologists in the millennia to come.
        
       | calo_star wrote:
       | Book-films!
        
       | doublepg23 wrote:
       | I think my only exposure to this tech has been X-Files.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | X files was microfiche
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | I wish the articles would use bytes as an information storage
       | measure.
        
         | clnq wrote:
         | > For example a 20 x 20 mm nickel Nanofiche sheet can hold up
         | to 8,000 pages of text rendered at 150 dpi.
         | 
         | All this depends on the font used, and what kind of information
         | is stored. But using lorem ipsum, and Verdana, and only
         | uppercase characters, spaces, and periods, I found that you can
         | fit about 49,500 characters in a letter format page at "150
         | dpi" [0]
         | 
         | This is 396 million characters in a 2 x 2 cm sheet. The Latin
         | ASCII alphabet has 26 letters, but in my experiment, there were
         | commas and periods. Though at the resolution I used, commas and
         | periods would be difficult do differentiate if there was almost
         | any degradation or printing error. So let's say it's a 27
         | character set. Maybe we can stick a few more numbers or symbols
         | in there to get to 32, although some numbers like 1, 0, and 5
         | look like letters, so not all would be usable at this
         | resolution.
         | 
         | If each character can represent 32 states, that is equivalent
         | to 5 bits per character. 5 x 396 million is 1.98 short billion
         | bits. That is 247.5 million bytes. Or 247.5 megabytes. This is
         | in 4 square centimeters, so the data density is about 61.9
         | megabytes per square centimeter.
         | 
         | If we give up human readability and the text would be regular
         | language (according to Zipf's Law), we could expect up to 0.2
         | compression ratios. Or 310 megabytes per square centimeter. On
         | the other hand, we could then use quite dense data storage
         | methods like barcodes. But these calculations are a bit
         | pointless because this is meant to be read without a computer.
         | 
         | A DVD has a readable surface area of about 89.2 square
         | centimeters on each side (some DVDs are multi-sided) and 4.7 to
         | 8.5 gigabytes of storage in that space. So it stores between 54
         | and 97.6 megabytes per square centimeter.
         | 
         | For storing plain text, it might be on the same order of
         | magnitude in terms of space efficiency as a DVD, but it is
         | human-readable. If the data is not human readable, then it
         | could be at least 5 times more efficient than a DVD. Which is
         | closer to a Blu-ray disk.
         | 
         | Back-of-the-napkin, might contain errors, many assumptions
         | made. The goal is to understand the order of magnitude with
         | some errors. In short - it looks like it's not 100x more or
         | less efficient than writing a plain text file to a DVD.
         | 
         | P.S. I chose Verdana as it was a quite legible sans-serif font.
         | I then created a texture of random black and white pixels, and
         | applied it at 25% opacity to simulate a significant degree of
         | printing error at the supposed resolution they can print at.
         | The font at the chosen size remained just about legible with
         | that kind of interference [1]. The exception is periods and
         | commas, which are difficult to tell apart. That is why I
         | considered them one character before. Making the font even 10%
         | smaller would make it really difficult to read. This is all not
         | grounded in any technique or proper estimation method, I just
         | wanted to show why it seems like going smaller might be
         | difficult.
         | 
         | [0] https://i.imgur.com/Pi8acSk.png [1]
         | https://i.imgur.com/stFkXQy.png
        
       | 10g1k wrote:
       | Star Trek magic crystal data storage:
       | https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/5d-data-storage-how-do...
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | Good luck finding a nanofiche "reader" in a couple of thousand
       | years :-)
       | 
       | People nowadays are struggling to find devices (and software
       | drivers) to read old formats/mediums from a few decades back,
       | imagine how difficult it's going to be to find a working
       | nanofiche device and support for it under Windows 9000 in the
       | year 9000AD.
       | 
       | I like the idea, the nickel based storage medium, the
       | improvements in capacity and all the other advantages listed, but
       | I don't like the proprietary technology.
        
         | patmcc wrote:
         | >>>Good luck finding a nanofiche "reader" in a couple of
         | thousand years :-)
         | 
         | A nanofice "reader" is literally just a microscope, isn't it?.
         | Probably a very good microscope, which may or may not be
         | difficult, given the technology of the time, but generally
         | thought to be understandable. You'd store a bunch of this
         | 'nanofiche' in a place, and have some diagrams/example
         | documents with small text getting smaller and smaller and
         | smaller, and the curious people/aliens would (hopefully)
         | understand the idea, know enough about optics to magnify, and
         | boom, they've got the data.
        
           | ta93754829 wrote:
           | i love this idea of storing a trail of smaller and smaller
           | data, almost forcing them to invent microscopes to keep
           | reading...
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | "Hurry up with that new microscope! I need to find out what
             | happens to Frodo!"
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Frylock, don't touch my computer
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | why force them, when you can teach them? Lay the basics of
             | geometry, optics, glass etc. is human readable format, with
             | ever smaller fonts.
        
         | desmond373 wrote:
         | From the looks of the page, that would be a microscope. The
         | digital format would be hard but if they are actual pages of
         | text then its very possible, and the text could provide
         | decoding instructions.
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | Are there actually any live projects to use technology like this
       | to create many distributed copies of information to "survive the
       | fall of civilisation" etc?
       | 
       | I know the Long Now foundation has the Rosetta project but that
       | doesn't seem very live. It would seem straightforward to use
       | technology like this to create 10,000 copies of something that
       | could be widely distributed.
        
         | photonerd wrote:
         | They did. The long now used it about a decade ago.
        
           | slyall wrote:
           | But the Long Now project seems to be dormant. I'm looking for
           | a live project that is doing this. Or maybe we could start
           | one.
        
             | 8organicbits wrote:
             | Given the long term focus of the Long Now project, wouldn't
             | it be expected to look dormant?
        
       | threeseed wrote:
       | Related is Microsoft's Silica which is storing 7TB on square
       | quartz glass platters.
       | 
       | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/project-sil...
       | 
       | Long-term archival storage is going to be an important industry
       | as our data volumes grow.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | I assume glass storage would degrade under radiation which is
         | why they want to use nickel on the moon. Silica is cool for
         | earth though.
        
         | fbdab103 wrote:
         | Is this being actively used outside of Microsoft? I remember
         | reading that the film industry has groups who do effectively
         | nothing but copy films from one storage technology to another
         | because of the size of their archives means there is always
         | something stored on too-old media.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Don't drop one!
        
         | mickdarling wrote:
         | My favorite head slapping dumb part about Microsoft's Silica is
         | the goofy little robots that are the only means to find
         | unlabeled, unadorned identical glass slabs. No human readable
         | filing system, no cartridge to protect the 7TB slab from
         | falling and breaking. Just a goofy awkward robot that will
         | certainly be robust for, what was the number, 10,000 years?
        
         | codemac wrote:
         | > Long-term archival storage is going to be an important
         | industry as our data volumes grow.
         | 
         | Unless you care about reading your data, as then it won't be
         | important. Let me know when tape starts taking more of the
         | global storage market share. It's a super mature, functional,
         | and far higher performance storage media, and it's total
         | percentage of global bytes shipped dwindle.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | I wish we could have something for ProSumer. Right now it is
         | still NAS with ZFS / BTRFS, scrub, and replacing it every 5
         | years. And it is still quite expensive. ( Not to mention big /
         | bulky ). And the most important thing is that I own the data,
         | not another storage inside the "Cloud".
        
           | Roark66 wrote:
           | Remember the times when the biggest disks were up to ~100GB
           | and LTO tape could store 1.6TB (compressed, 800GB
           | uncompressed)? That's 8 biggest hdds. And now? We have
           | spinning hdds bigger than the biggest lto standard. Where is
           | my 160TB lto tape?
           | 
           | It is sad there is no removable media other than maybe these
           | few TB portable ssds that can be used for archival purposes.
           | I _still_ have my commodore 64 datasette tapes as well as
           | floppies from the start of the pc era(for me).
           | 
           | Even for the prosumer there were iomega drives. Now, one is
           | supposed to use (and trust in) the cloud. Bonkers.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | >Where is my 160TB lto tape?
             | 
             | Exactly! Or where is the affordable 1-5 TB Tape?!
             | 
             | And worst of all SSD is not reliable. And apart from an
             | over supply market where prices have fallen to record low
             | we are at right now. NAND _cost_ wont be dropping much in
             | the near future.
             | 
             | Apart from big Enterprise, most smaller shops dont know and
             | cant afford to do storage / backups.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | I'm surprised we don't have OTP SD cards. Wouldn't that be
           | good for a few hundred years in theory?
        
       | photonerd wrote:
       | One day this tech will be available to regular people.
       | 
       | The LongNow used it for some random codex & then seems to have
       | dropped it. Last I saw it was mostly used by one single jeweler,
       | bizarrely.
        
       | textfiles wrote:
       | Hear me, and hear me clear:
       | 
       | Fuck any proprietary format trying to own the ability to recover
       | history.
        
         | rabbitofdeath wrote:
         | Why is this getting downvoted?! This is absolutely detrimental
         | to any future history!
        
           | textfiles wrote:
           | Don't worry, I'll emotionally recover.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Largely because there's nothing proprietary about the
           | _format_ , and even less about _recovering data_ from it
           | because you just look at it under a microscope.
        
         | komali2 wrote:
         | It's not a proprietary format is it? Just a proprietary method
         | of printing. It's just written text (format). Though I agree it
         | should be simply open license.
        
         | xeyownt wrote:
         | In one thousand years, any format will be proprietary.
        
       | doubloon wrote:
       | over the years i have come to feel the best preservation of
       | information is not actually technology, it is culture. instilling
       | the cultural value of respect for knowledge and history is the
       | only actual way that knowledge gets preserved.
       | 
       | we go through cycles of anti-intellectualism as a species and the
       | anti-intellectuals will always find a way to attack knowledge
       | regardless of technology used to preserve it. if you carve
       | stones, they will break them. if you write books they will burn
       | them. if you make an internet they will firewall it or buy it or
       | sue it. if you put plates of nickel on the moon, they will figure
       | out how to go there, dig it up, and destroy it too. but most of
       | all what they do is attack the idea of the intellectual as
       | valuable to society.
       | 
       | Look at how we treat Aaron Swartz and Alexandra Elbakyan. We
       | treat them like criminals, while people who jail and murder
       | intellectuals we call leaders and presidents. We live in an anti-
       | intellectual era right now.
       | 
       | Not that it is not important to try. but there are some problems
       | we cant solve by tech alone. We have to figure out what is wrong
       | with us, as a species, that we constantly try to destroy our own
       | knowledge.
        
         | TheMode wrote:
         | Is it even desirable to store data for millennia? What's wrong
         | with humans wanting to destroy knowledge?
         | 
         | As you said culture is probably the best method of
         | preservation. But still fallible, and this may be a good thing!
        
       | mperham wrote:
       | I'm just trying to think what's important enough to want to store
       | forever.
        
       | magic_hamster wrote:
       | I don't like this article. Especially the section titled "what is
       | Nanofiche" which then lists some information about the pyramids
       | and volatility of digital information with no mention of what
       | Nanofiche is (although it is explained elsewhere). Plus there's
       | no mention of how do you actually retrieve the archived
       | information. Microfiche was developed alongside machines for
       | scanning and retrieving data with some efficiency (despite being
       | a mostly manual process). Nanofiche has no such proposition
       | except sort of leaving the reader to visualize themselves over
       | some kind of microscope.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This would be more useful if you could buy a device that writes
       | it. I had to go look up the patents. It's a process similar to
       | the way stamped Blu-Ray and DVDs are made. There's a laser
       | process to make the stamping die, then a stamping process for
       | production.
       | 
       | Could this be done in one step?
        
       | seanhunter wrote:
       | You have to be _extremely_ skeptical of anyone who claims they
       | are doing something for the good of humanity but then gates their
       | tech behind a patent.
        
         | xeyownt wrote:
         | That's a tradeoff, 20 years protection vs 50 000 000 years
         | protection.
        
           | amtamt wrote:
           | > For example a 20 x 20 mm nickel Nanofiche sheet can hold up
           | to 8,000 pages of text rendered at 150 dpi.
           | 
           | How do we expect someone will be curious enough or have right
           | gear to read these sheets?
        
             | nielsbot wrote:
             | Guess you could include instructions for building the right
             | gear on a larger version of nanofiche, readable with the
             | unaided eye... (1m x 1m?)
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | > How do we expect someone will be curious enough or have
             | right gear to read these sheets?
             | 
             | ~.1 micron. Pretty small feature size. Typical letters
             | might be 30 by 15 dots in a 10pt font with their 150DPI
             | assumption. But it's not -that- exotic.
             | 
             | A cheap compound optical microscope might do .4 micron,
             | resulting in letters being 8 times and 4 times the spatial
             | resolution. This is in the range where things are slightly
             | annoying in fuzziness but still easily legible.
             | 
             | My crappy LCD microscope for my classroom cost about $50
             | and has a resolution of roughly 1 micron. It could probably
             | read, with difficulty, 12pt text.
        
             | jiveturkey wrote:
             | it just needs analog magnification, so very achievable.
             | 
             | i'm more worried about how scratch or defect resistant it
             | is, given the small feature size. if you have to store it
             | in some kind of case to protect against scratches, then how
             | long does the case last? do you have to do this in ultra
             | clean room conditions, to prevent fungus etc from being
             | encased with it?
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Biological factors are pretty unlikely to be a concern on
               | the moon :)
        
         | devjab wrote:
         | I find this to be an odd take on a VC forum. It's obviously
         | marketing and mission branding, which is only natural in an age
         | where we as employees flock to noble missions. I work in an
         | investment bank as an example, but our investments go into
         | building/running/improving green energy plants, so while our
         | main mission is to make investors richer we do it by building a
         | better world.
         | 
         | I'm not sure I would've marketed it exactly this way. But this
         | is because I spent almost a decade in the Danish public sector
         | and I know how revolutionary long term storage will be for
         | public recording. Right now we spent a very high amount of
         | resources on the maintenance of data records that are rarely
         | accessed but are important to public history, accountability
         | and many social sciences. If you could sell those recording
         | organisations a medium that didn't need near constant
         | maintaining it would free up a lot of resources. Still, maybe
         | it's a good choice for a company mission considering my earlier
         | points as this tech will essentially sell itself. If it works
         | as well as it's sold in this article.
         | 
         | In the content of hacker news, however, why wouldn't you expect
         | this to be meant to make its investors money?
        
         | throwaway81523 wrote:
         | Plus I thought stuff like that was done decades ago. There was
         | a place you could send your docs to be microscopically engraved
         | on a nickel disc.
         | 
         | This goes back to 1995 or so: https://rosettaproject.org/
        
       | TheMode wrote:
       | How expensive is it to produce? Is it overwritable?
        
       | xeyownt wrote:
       | Now vacuum cleaners will become weapons of massive destruction!
        
       | silenced_trope wrote:
       | In the book "Death's End" by Cixin Liu, the final book of the
       | "Three Body Problem" trilogy - they explore the problem of data
       | storage that has to last for millions of years.
       | 
       | In their case they end up having a "Museum of Humanity" that
       | exists in man-made caves in Pluto specifically meant to merely
       | have information _carved_ into the walls as all digital and other
       | physical formats weren 't deemed sufficient.
       | 
       | I suspect these data formats are similarly not sufficient.
        
         | elcritch wrote:
         | That portion of the books didn't seem too well reasoned.
         | Digital encoding with high redundancy error correction and
         | carved into walls would be superior to analog encodings for
         | long term archival IMHO. Though more difficult to decode, any
         | aliens advanced enough to reach it could reverse engineer it.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | Analog text is already very redundant in the same manner as
           | digital ECC. Letters mostly are different from other letters,
           | and usually a single corrupt letter is obvious and one can
           | tell what the author meant.
           | 
           | Digital ECC adds an extra layer, but analog text is still
           | pretty good.
        
         | ssnistfajen wrote:
         | The neat thing about sci-fi is that they are fiction first and
         | science second. This makes them enticing to enjoy but not
         | mundanely realistic enough to be actual real life guidance.
         | Good to keep in mind.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Not that their imagination can't be your guide. Worked for
           | satellites, worked for 1984.
        
             | reitanqild wrote:
             | > Worked for satellites,
             | 
             | Nice example!
             | 
             | > ... worked for 1984.
             | 
             | Another nice example, but ouch, that hurt.
        
       | FearNotDaniel wrote:
       | > We build and maintain ultra long-term data storage archives
       | called Arch Libraries (pronounced "Ark").
       | 
       | It's hard to take someone seriously when they claim to be acting
       | on behalf of all humanity then immediately does something as
       | pretentious as this. Probably made for the same kind of elitist
       | types who like to spit on you as they try to demonstrate how they
       | can pronounce "LaTeX" correctly.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | Annoying yes, but if the technology works, who cares. Does it
         | work though? I can't tell from this article.
        
       | karg_kult wrote:
       | Why not just store it on the cloud?
        
       | grammers wrote:
       | Neat, I'm regularly impressed with what people come up with. I
       | wish I'd have such smart ideas!
        
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