[HN Gopher] How to Make a CPU - A Simple Picture Based Explanation
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       How to Make a CPU - A Simple Picture Based Explanation
        
       Author : accrual
       Score  : 193 points
       Date   : 2023-10-22 16:41 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.robertelder.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.robertelder.org)
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | For those who read the comments first: The article is about
       | semiconductor fabrication, not computer architecture.
        
         | tpoindex wrote:
         | Yeah, I was expecting the geek equivalent of "How to Draw an
         | Owl in Two Simple Steps" meme. Step 1: Start with some NAND
         | gates. Step 2: Now make the rest of the fucking CPU.
         | 
         | Random reference:
         | https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/28/29/d42829227cd7526d75af...
        
           | satvikpendem wrote:
           | It's actually funny that that meme is now not viable anymore,
           | due to the proliferation of text-to-image generators.
        
           | troupe wrote:
           | This course is pretty much what you described, but incredibly
           | good pedagogy. https://www.nand2tetris.org/
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | There's a lovely game called Turing Complete on Steam that
             | will take you from a nand gate through making a simple game
             | in your own assembly that run on the processor you built.
             | https://store.steampowered.com/app/1444480/Turing_Complete/
        
               | gdprrrr wrote:
               | Also MHRD https://steamcommunity.com/app/576030/
        
               | hiichbindermax wrote:
               | And https://nandgame.com/
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | That's the hardest part of "making a CPU" anyway, if you define
         | CPU specifically as a microprocessor, because people have built
         | working hobby CPUs with all kinds of more easily approachable
         | tech, like relays, vacuum tubes, discrete transistors, and
         | logic gate ICs. Basically anything that can act as one of the
         | universal logic gates (NAND, XOR) will work as a CPU building
         | block.
        
           | moritonal wrote:
           | _Minecraft and Dwarf fortress have entered the chat_
        
         | clnq wrote:
         | For those who want to know how to build a CPU on a breadboard,
         | I recommend the book "But How Do It Know?" and the Scott CPU
         | architecture.
        
         | bux93 wrote:
         | I followed the instructions carefully and ended up with a bunch
         | of RAM because I used the wrong "chromium-etched photo-
         | lithographic quartz mask" or whatever. The guy on ebay said it
         | was an i7. Took ages.
        
       | huytersd wrote:
       | I wish he broke down step 16 into a lot more steps explaining how
       | individual features where built up in this easy, eli5 way.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Ok so now I have a dream. Is not as good as the dream the other
       | guy had but it's my dream.
       | 
       | I want to build a course, or a series of courses, where one
       | rebuilds the world. It's the sort of thing one could do slowly
       | with one's kids.
       | 
       | Yes it's like that book "the knowledge" and related stuff. But
       | Inhave done things like building a sextant to use that to measure
       | the circumference of the earth and so on, and really I never
       | imagined Incoukd actually build my own cpu to run my own language
       | - but it's there.
       | 
       | One could literally go from fire, to solar system, to lime and
       | then to CPUs.
       | 
       | The world we live in is insanely complex, but it is ...
       | rebuildable
       | 
       | I guess I am inspired by the quote Feynman left on his blackboard
       | - "that which I cannot recreate I do not understand"
        
         | satvikpendem wrote:
         | Is the other guy this one?: https://www.youtube.com/@htme
        
         | skinner927 wrote:
         | It's actually probably not possible. We've exhausted all the
         | easy to find/surface layer minerals. Oil doesn't just leak out
         | of the ground anywhere. Iron, copper, coal, are all
         | underground.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | Right, we've made it easy, it's all on the surface now in
           | scrapyards and landfills
           | 
           | </grew up watching junkyard wars and was highly dissapointed
           | to find out the better gear was planted among the junk to
           | make the tv show viable>
        
           | kaon123 wrote:
           | Very good point. I read Olaf Stapledon's First and Last man,
           | a sci-fi book which describes the next few billion years for
           | mankind and deals with this issue.
           | 
           | In one scenario, human society collapses, spends 80 million
           | years living as hunter/gatherers (with some evolution) and
           | then develops once again to a technological civilization, in
           | part because the minerals and fossil fuels have been
           | replenished.
        
         | monlockandkey wrote:
         | Ooo yes. I share your dream as well. A comprehensive guide on
         | how to make anything from scratch would be amazing.
         | 
         | I guess to get started, it would be a process of reverse
         | engineeringing to work out steps of a build, and then build a
         | dependency tree from that.
         | 
         | E.g the linked guide to making a CPU depends on using some
         | chemicals, there would need to be an explanation of how those
         | chemicals are obtained, and then subsequently on how the
         | equipment to facilitate that is made. Until it resolves to
         | primative tools and processes to obtain raw material.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | Check out "Open Source Ecology" and "Global Village
         | Construction Set"
         | 
         | I participated in a couple of Marcin's workshops, AMA
         | 
         | also CollapseOS
         | 
         | I'm interested in it too for disaster recovery scenarios. Just
         | started my HAM radio journey, seems like a community that likes
         | to re-establish comms when everything else fails.
        
         | 0xf00ff00f wrote:
         | Check out "The Toaster Project".
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | I'd recommend against this one. It's frustratingly light on
           | actual detail and heavy on some 20-year-old's Big Thoughts.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | Play Factorio, maybe with some more intense mods.
        
         | pigeons wrote:
         | https://github.com/civboot/civboot
        
         | coob wrote:
         | The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Civilization in the Aftermath of
         | a Cataclysm
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.co.uk/Knowledge-Rebuild-Civilization-Afte...
        
         | moritonal wrote:
         | You might enjoy the anime Dr Stone, which involves someone
         | doing exactly this, but packaged in a fun almost course-like
         | format.
        
       | jgn wrote:
       | If optics and photolithography interest you I recommend Huygens
       | Optics on YT [0]. Jeroen, the creator, has an engrossing passion
       | for the material.
       | 
       | Jeri's process [1] is wild compared to Sam's lab.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/@HuygensOptics
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdcKwOo7dmM
        
       | KRAKRISMOTT wrote:
       | What are the key differences between CPUs now are CPUs twenty
       | years ago? Sure we can pack more transistors into a smaller
       | space, but clock speed has plateaued. Are all the innovation
       | purely in pipelines and branch prediction?
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | I think clever choice of instruction set is another one.
         | Today's x86-64 is a far cry from what an 8088 could do, and
         | Apple's Silicon does more in one clock cycle than its
         | predecessors by a mile.
        
         | drdrey wrote:
         | plus out of order execution, hyperthreading, SIMD, better and
         | bigger memory caches, more cores, more power efficiency
        
       | deepfriedginger wrote:
       | So, basically just like baking a cake
        
       | logbiscuitswave wrote:
       | This reminds me of a text file I found back in the 1990s on a BBS
       | about "how to build your own atomic bomb". The first step was
       | something along the lines of "obtain 50 lbs of weapons grade
       | plutonium" as if you could just walk into your local military
       | surplus store and pick up a crate. It was pretty obvious at that
       | point that the whole thing was meant to be humorous.
        
       | nicman23 wrote:
       | this reads like a Nile Green meme
        
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       (page generated 2023-10-23 09:00 UTC)