[HN Gopher] A Dutch graphic artist reconstructed Tenochtitlan in 3D
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       A Dutch graphic artist reconstructed Tenochtitlan in 3D
        
       Author : GuardianCaveman
       Score  : 706 points
       Date   : 2023-10-22 06:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tenochtitlan.thomaskole.nl)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tenochtitlan.thomaskole.nl)
        
       | ferfumarma wrote:
       | This is incredible; thanks for posting it.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | Great stuff, it looks incredibly well rendered!
       | 
       | I'm surprised the original city centre square was preserved, but
       | all the original pyramids were knocked down, was it really worth
       | the effort just to get those stones?
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | Given they'd been already cut and shaped to a portable size it
         | was easier to take those stones than to cut and craft new ones.
         | 
         | The casing stones from the much larger Egyptian pyramids were
         | all scavenged several centuries ago:
         | 
         | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/09/06/the-great-pyramid-...
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | A nice illustration of how the ubiquity of cheap fossil-based
         | transport and manufacturing has completely skewed our
         | perception.
         | 
         |  _Of course_ it 's easier to pick stones from a convenient pile
         | that's already where you need it, even if it perhaps requires
         | some banging at them to get them loose. Most convenient quarry
         | on the continent, likely the exact reason why you started
         | building in the vicinity in the first place.
         | 
         | But I'm certainly not immune to perception through those
         | petrol-colored sunglasses myself, please don't read this as
         | "look at that fool!"
        
         | avar wrote:
         | > was it really worth the effort just to get those stones?
         | 
         | It wasn't just to get building materials.
         | 
         | You don't want a giant monument to gods that demanded human
         | sacrifice as a prominent part of the skyline when you're trying
         | to convert the local heathens to Christianity.
        
       | wombatpm wrote:
       | Very cool. Back in the late 90's when VRML was a thing there was
       | a website demo that did a rendering. It still survives as
       | http://www.dellerae.com/tenoch/
        
         | perilunar wrote:
         | I remember that site!
         | 
         | Unfortunately the VR files now longer work without the VRML
         | plugins, which are no longer available or supported (AFAIK).
         | 
         | It could be made to work again with the X_ITE 3D Javascript
         | viewer though, which I tried recently to view some old VRML
         | files.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Nicely done!
       | 
       | Reminds me a bit of the 3D Starry Night.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=G7Dt9ziemYA
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Wow, thank you for posting that. One of my kids is in love with
         | that picture, certainly going to show him this.
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | As an installation: https://www.vangoghsf.com/
        
       | thomasfl wrote:
       | What a great project. I wonder how it was done. Blender and
       | photoshop?
        
         | mischa_u wrote:
         | Made using open-source software. Blender, Gimp and Darktable.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | That's an amazing piece of work. Assuming accuracy: what strikes
       | me is that certain features of the ancient city apparently carry
       | over into the modern day and how ecologically balanced the older
       | city looks compared to the new one. Another interesting feature
       | seems to be that 'places of power' back then are still places of
       | power today but different kinds of power.
        
       | ThomasKole wrote:
       | Hey all, author here!
       | 
       | If you have any questions, feel free to ask. The question I
       | always get from tech people - yes, all open source software. 90%
       | Blender, 9% Gimp, 1% Darktable or so.
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | What made you interested in doing this region? How did you find
         | source material? Also, are you planning on doing more?
         | 
         | I imagine that some nations would even give out grants for an
         | open source and fully immersive, 3d version of some historical
         | region. Like parts of classical or hellenic Greece for example,
         | or Carthage, Cairo, Syracuse, Judea, etc...
         | 
         | Thanks for making this btw, great work!
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | I can't really say why I got interested, it just happened.
           | History in general is fascinating, and I find Meoamerican
           | history extra special.
           | 
           | I don't have any concrete plants for more, but who knows!
        
         | yoyopa wrote:
         | is there evidence of that many street trees, or was that
         | artistic license
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | A bit of artistic license, but the trees play a crucial role.
           | They are Ahuejotes, and they keep together the plots of
           | farmland called Chinampas. You can see some of this today in
           | Xochimilco.
           | 
           | We don't know if that was what it was like in Tenochtitlan,
           | but it is likely. What adds to this is the fact that the
           | houses are all one story, so the trees look taller and more
           | numerous than they are.
        
             | PierreProstata wrote:
             | In the same vein, many of today's boulevards and highways
             | line up with old streets in your renders, is that a
             | historical coincidence or is the Mexico City layout a
             | direct result of Tenochtitlan remains despite its
             | destruction?
        
               | wsc981 wrote:
               | I know in The Netherlands this happened in the city I
               | grew up, Hoogeveen [0].
               | 
               |  _> In the second half of the 1960s, Hoogeveen was the
               | fastest growing town in the Netherlands. Until that
               | period, the town contained a number of canals, which had
               | been dug in the area 's early days when it was a prime
               | source of peat and maritime transportation was a
               | necessity for efficient transportation of cargo. By the
               | 1960s the rise of the automobile and truck-based
               | transportation meant the canals had lost much of their
               | economic function, and the canals were filled in._
               | 
               | ------
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoogeveen
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | This is also true in New Orleans.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | It's not a coincidence. The conquistadors spent months in
               | Tenochtitlan as guests of Montezuma and wrote extensively
               | about how amazing the urban planning was. They would have
               | preferred to keep the city in tact all things considered.
               | 
               | Since the Aztecs had done all of the hard work of
               | figuring how to build out drainage and stability with the
               | chinampas, the Spaniards built their new buildings on top
               | of the foundations remaining from the Aztec buildings. It
               | then took several centuries to fill in all of the canals
               | and turn them into streets so the layout of Mexico City
               | very much reflects Tenochtitlan.
               | 
               | For example the Zocalo square is right where the Aztec
               | ceremonial center used to be and I believe the
               | Metropolitan Cathedral was originally built on top of the
               | foundations of a minor temple that was built as part of
               | the Templo Mayor complex.
        
             | totetsu wrote:
             | > You can see some of this today in Xochimilco. Yikes
             | https://maps.app.goo.gl/5XgfQTpiNaz8QUtf6
        
         | malermeister wrote:
         | Incredible work! Since you've made this in 3D, I wonder if that
         | could potentially enable a more immersive way to get more out
         | of the work you've put in than just static images?
         | 
         | Would it be possible to do a sort of flyover video with the
         | assets you've created? Or potentially even plop the assets into
         | a game engine and let people interactively explore?
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | The area is huge, to a point where you have to worry about
           | floating-point imprecision. The sheer amount of stuff in the
           | scene is pretty crazy.
           | 
           | Perhaps I can bake it down to something like what you might
           | see in Google Earth in 3D.
        
             | speps wrote:
             | Super impressed! I can help you make this into a real-time
             | flyover if you're willing to collaborate. My contact is in
             | my profile ;)
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | Have you tried rendering any of it in UE utilizing nanite?
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | How did you fill it with buildings? I imagine they're not
             | all unique?
        
               | ThomasKole wrote:
               | Certainly not. Take a look at Blenders new Geometry Nodes
               | system.
        
               | MilStdJunkie wrote:
               | I was gonna ask, "did you use geometry nodes?" But then I
               | CTRL+F this comment chain.
               | 
               | I've gotten absolutely incredible mileage out of geo
               | nodes for forests and cities. Once you get used to the
               | peculiarities, geometry incredibly superior to using
               | particles and heatmaps. And I'm just a hobbyist! I use
               | Blender for gamemastering, but haven't ever been paid to
               | do it . . yet.
               | 
               | (If that sounds like fishing it is totally fishing. How
               | does a middle-age MilStdJunkie break into the modelling /
               | simulating market?)
               | 
               | Did you do any street-level renders? I realize that it's
               | completely, totally a different kettle of fish, the
               | detail you got here would murder the entire world's
               | computers if it had 1m scale detail.
               | 
               | Fabulous, fabulous work. Amazing. I did something similar
               | for New Amsterdam ~1660CE, for "Providence", a
               | Lovecraftian horror game set in colonial New England. But
               | New Amsterdam and Seekonk in 1660 is _nothing_ compared
               | to this, Tenochtitlan in the immediate pre-contact
               | period.
        
         | erwincoumans wrote:
         | Amazing work. Are any Blender .blend files available? How large
         | are they?
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | Not at the moment, the problem is that the total project is
           | quite large and would require me to write quite some
           | documentation if you wanted to get started. Once I free up
           | some time I might!
        
             | Beached wrote:
             | please do, this is great and it would be a shame to lose
             | all this initial hard work
        
         | impendia wrote:
         | This is amazing, one of the coolest things I have ever seen on
         | HN. Thanks for doing this!
         | 
         | My question: what kind of evidence/sources were helpful in
         | figuring out what Tenochtitlan looked like?
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | People have devoted their entire lives to studying this, but
           | I can give a very short overview:
           | 
           | First, there's early colonial maps, such as the Mapa de
           | Uppsala, which give us a decent understanding of the city.
           | Then there are the accounts of the arriving Spanish. There's
           | also archaeological evidence all throughout Mexico City,
           | though much has been actively destroyed.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | From a Mexican, I'd like to congratulate you for all this
         | effort and thank you for the amazing experience you put
         | together for us to enjoy.
         | 
         | All of this history was taught to me through primary school,
         | and yet, this project made me put together some things I
         | haven't realized before. Visualization goes a long way.
         | 
         | The New Fire ceremony looks amazing, everything else is also
         | beautiful. Thanks again for such a fine piece of work!
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | My first thought when the page was loading was "Wow", then
         | while scrolling even more so. It's impressive.
         | 
         | How long have you been working on this?
         | 
         | Edit: Oh, I see, `This project is the result of over 1.5 years
         | of research and iteration. It would not have been possible
         | without the input of the following people:`
        
         | dale_glass wrote:
         | That looks amazing!
         | 
         | If you'd ever like to see it in VR, we run an open source
         | desktop/VR social platform at https://overte.org/
         | 
         | It shouldn't be too hard to set up a server and take a walk
         | among the past. By the looks of it it's probably way too big
         | for the entire thing to be loaded at once, so things likely
         | need trimming down quite a bit.
         | 
         | We're a decentralized system, so you can run your own server if
         | you like.
        
         | m0llusk wrote:
         | Text mentions smoked peppers, but there is no smoke rising from
         | the city. Was that too hard or distracting or both? Might smoke
         | be added in the future as an addenda? Inspiring as is to be
         | sure, but for sake of realism it struck me as off since the
         | rest is so detailed and eye catching.
        
           | subroutine wrote:
           | This image shows smoke rising from the temples:
           | 
           | https://tenochtitlan.thomaskole.nl/image_dest/newfire_twopea.
           | ..
        
             | m0llusk wrote:
             | Is that really the expectation? That fire would only be
             | used within the extremely limited range of temples? It
             | seems more likely that there would be fires for cooking and
             | basic industry all over the city. This would have a big
             | impact on how the city looks. Maybe they are using
             | induction for cooking?
        
         | backtoyoujim wrote:
         | Has there been any attempt to recreate the daily wood/charcoal
         | smoke released from that all that ?
        
         | catapart wrote:
         | First and foremost, this is incredible! Fantastic work! I've
         | always wanted to do something like this (on a MUCH smaller
         | scale) with the Alamo mission, in Texas, as a way to visualize
         | the battle, in real time.
         | 
         | To that purpose, my end goal was always to pull whatever
         | environments I modeled into Unreal engine (so nanite and lumen
         | make short work of my detailed models). Which makes me wonder
         | if you had any plans to do the same?
         | 
         | Walking around in ancient cities should not be reserved for
         | assassination missions in action games (regardless of how fun
         | that is). I'd love to just have a 'day in the life' simulation
         | that I could move through, interact with, and study! Feels like
         | a way to make history feel tangible. It would be awesome to
         | immerse myself in a New Mexican pueblo builder society, or with
         | an indigenous Native American tribe on the praries, or in the
         | Japanese imperial Palace circa the Edo era, or in pre-medieval
         | Europe, or, or, or...
         | 
         | Sorry for the predominant 'what else you got' vibe; I really am
         | impressed by the scope and detail of your work! It just tends
         | to send the mind racing with possibility, which I hope you'll
         | take as the compliment I intend it as!
        
           | pomian wrote:
           | Great idea. Historic recreation. Then get various historians,
           | and/or people with regional historic stories, that may have
           | been passed on from generation to generation, and add them
           | too. Possibly a sidebar to check various layers as in Geo
           | mapping, but instead of features, you get eras and or
           | different points of view.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | Congrats for your work! The last night photo is perhaps the
         | most beautiful.
        
         | wishfish wrote:
         | This is amazing work. Do you have any street level views? Would
         | be interesting to see some of the neighborhoods and plazas from
         | ground level.
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | No streetview level, the reconstruction is definitely
           | "impressionistic" in that way. There's only illusion of
           | detail, it does not hold up up close.
        
             | Beached wrote:
             | yet? if you still have the files, would you consider
             | turning this into a VR experience and add in street level
             | detail slowly over time?
             | 
             | if that sounds like way too much work, any chance you would
             | open source your work for needs to add to it?
        
         | zelda-mazzy wrote:
         | Thanks for putting this together and doing all the research.
         | 1.5 years is a long time but the end result looks amazing. Are
         | there any plans to let educational institutions or historical
         | museums use this? I imagine such a presentation would be
         | invaluable for Mesoamerican studies.
        
           | ThomasKole wrote:
           | It's all CC-BY-4.0, so, yep.
        
         | dakial1 wrote:
         | Amazing work! Congratulations! I never knew Tenochtitlan was so
         | huge and beautiful
        
         | ouraf wrote:
         | Have you considered 3d printing this? It would be a massive
         | project, but would be a museum level display piece.
        
       | atombender wrote:
       | This is fantastic. I'm curious what the sources are. I know there
       | are some maps, books written by Spanish conquistadors, and so on.
       | How much do we know about the city beyond the sites of
       | significant historical events?
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | A surprising amount! They were mostly pictorial but the Aztecs
         | and their vassal cities were _very_ meticulous about keeping
         | government records of all kinds and even though almost all of
         | Tenochtitlan 's documents were destroyed during the battle,
         | some of them were backed up in other cities. Since the
         | conquistadors spent some time in the city as guests of
         | Montezuma, we've also got first hand accounts from the soldiers
         | and friars.
        
       | npsomaratna wrote:
       | This is fantastic. One thought that came to my mind is: would
       | mosquito borne diseases have been a problem in city surrounded by
       | so much water?
        
         | ThomasKole wrote:
         | I don't know much about that, but one of the districts was
         | called "Moyotlan", or "place of the mosquitos" or "place of the
         | gnats".
        
           | npsomaratna wrote:
           | Interesting, thank you. I wonder if that that area had
           | stagnant water, allowing mosquito growth.
        
         | aegypti wrote:
         | Mosquito borne disease didn't exist in the Americas prior to
         | contact, both the viruses and species that transmit them come
         | from the old world.
         | 
         | Cortes landed at Veracruz the next year, in 1519.
         | 
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Acuna-So...
        
           | npsomaratna wrote:
           | Understood, thank you. That makes sense.
        
             | aegypti wrote:
             | It was a great question, and a great reason to make an HN
             | account too!
        
           | hvis wrote:
           | I guess when the aliens finally arrive, the important part
           | will be to avoid hugging them.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Probably safer to hug them than another human. Most
             | diseases don't even cross species boundaries, seems
             | unlikely they'd do well trying to infect a completely alien
             | being.
             | 
             | The reason that diseases from the old world were so deadly,
             | when they crossed the pond, is that they'd evolved to
             | spread quite well even in humans with an evolved or
             | acquired resistance and were suddenly in a completely
             | unprepared population.
        
       | h0l0cube wrote:
       | For those who don't follow the Fall of Civilizations podcast,
       | this is worth a listen/watch:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8JVdpWCKeM
        
         | jdmoreira wrote:
         | +1 for this! One of my favourite podcast episodes ever
        
         | aa_is_op wrote:
         | The only YouTube channel I've ever sponsored. They are just out
         | of this world!
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | This is incredible. Thanks!
        
       | andsmedeiros wrote:
       | It must have been such a beautiful city...
        
       | rewsiffer wrote:
       | How did the ancient city deal with sewage and waste?
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | Tenochtitlan had a sophisticated system of urban planning with
         | zoned public bathrooms (latrines, really) that were cleaned at
         | night by a large labor force dedicated to keeping the city
         | clean. The waste was collected by canoe from these bathrooms
         | and dumped into the canal system where it decomposed and was
         | later dredged up to fertilize and replenish the topsoil on the
         | chinampas. Fresh drinking water was provided by mountain spring
         | connected to the city by several aqueducts built in the 15th
         | century.
        
       | Springtime wrote:
       | One day I hope there's a city building game that looks like this.
       | Lovely work.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Reminds me of that Pharaoh remake that was out recently, but I
         | suppose that one is Egypt only.
        
       | ftyers wrote:
       | Very cool that you have the site translated in Nahuatl! Was the
       | translator a native speaker? If so, of which variety?
        
         | ThomasKole wrote:
         | As far as I know, his family did speak it never passed it on,
         | so he learn it afterwards. So semi-native, I guess. The variant
         | is a central one, relatively close to the variant that would
         | have been spoken by the Mexica.
        
       | pwillia7 wrote:
       | This is so incredibly cool. Something about the first few shots
       | with the pyramid in the distance and the rest of the land gave me
       | goosebumps! It really feels like a secret photograph from 600
       | years ago
        
       | pjs_ wrote:
       | Incredible work. Love the fog and rain, as well as the one
       | outstanding shot with a simulated wide-angle lens (https://tenoch
       | titlan.thomaskole.nl/image_dest/precinct_panor...).
        
       | datameta wrote:
       | The chinampas are a super neat example of agroforestry. The soil
       | is extremely dark (like Ukrainian chernozem or better) and has a
       | very low depletion per cycle. Some still exist and are being
       | stewarded toward renewal and proliferation!
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinampa?wprov=sfla1
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/86gyW0vUmVs?si=zz61OacembAksi76
        
       | Solvency wrote:
       | Buddy Levy's book on the Aztecs and Cortez is one of my favorites
       | of all time.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Conquistador-Hernan-Cortes-Montezuma-...
       | 
       | It would be amazing if you created an interactive history
       | experience based on this. I'd love to be able to jump around to
       | see where all of the historical tentpole moments happened
       | throughout the city, such as the mass slaughter that happened
       | while Cortez was away, and other historically significant
       | moments.
        
       | vessenes wrote:
       | Thomas, this is beautiful. If we found you a UE5 expert, would
       | you be open to the assets being used to deliver some sort of
       | experience with it? I feel like this is just too good not to try
       | and deploy towards some street-level experiences.
        
       | pcl wrote:
       | This is great, and really helps tie together the pre-Colombian
       | history I've read about to the here-and-now.
       | 
       | How feasible would it be to build some sort of AR component? In
       | particular, I'd love to be able to see your rendering for my
       | current position, as I wander around Mexico City.
        
       | indie_rok wrote:
       | As mexican (from Mexico City), seeing your house in the pictures
       | and then the same area around a lake is just amazing!
       | 
       | Kudos to this artist
        
       | aws-user wrote:
       | I like the detailed blood stained steps of the temples
        
       | EugenioPerea wrote:
       | Mexican Twitter went insane when this went viral a couple of
       | months ago. Everyone loved it. Awesome work, Thomas. Thank you.
        
       | rangerelf wrote:
       | This is beautiful, thank you so much for sharing it.
        
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       (page generated 2023-10-23 09:00 UTC)