[HN Gopher] Extreme Parkour with Legged Robots
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       Extreme Parkour with Legged Robots
        
       Author : beefman
       Score  : 104 points
       Date   : 2023-10-09 18:19 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (extreme-parkour.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (extreme-parkour.github.io)
        
       | nmca wrote:
       | Whilst a lovely achievement, this title definitely overstates
       | current robot abilities. Here is some human parkour for contrast:
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QHqAVaQqQWQ&t=106s
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | " _A single neural net policy operating directly from a camera
       | image, trained in simulation with large scale RL, can overcome
       | imprecise sensing and actuation to output highly precise control
       | behavior end-to-end._ "
       | 
       | So that's what it takes. That's so much simpler than the way
       | Boston Dynamics does it, working out all the dynamics in
       | simulation first. It's amazing to see this done from vision to
       | actuators in one net. It's now much less of a mystery how animals
       | managed to evolve the ability to do that.
       | 
       | (I had a go at this problem years ago. I was trying to work out
       | the dynamics from first principles, knowing it would be somewhat
       | off. Then use some self-tuning (a predecessor to machine
       | learning) to fine-tune the thing. Got as far as running up and
       | downhill in 2D in the early 1990s. About one hour of compute for
       | one second of motion.)
        
       | mytailorisrich wrote:
       | This gives me Black Mirror-fueled nightmares... not least because
       | those videos suggest that a Black Mirror scenario may not be that
       | far off and what probably saves us for now is battery capacity.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | What's the Black Mirror scenario?
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | General dystopian outcomes. After world powers harness
           | robotic armies, revolts will no longer be possible and
           | citizens will be permanently enslaved and must succumb to
           | whatever oppressions are put on them.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Why is _walking_ the salient technology that will enable
             | this? Why not wheels, or treads, or flying?
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | Psychologically because it's life-like (uncanny valley).
               | 
               | Practically, because legs are superior to wheels when it
               | comes to pursue a human target. It may be superior to
               | flying as well indoor, to open doors, etc. And then there
               | is the energy expenditure and additional mass constraint
               | when airborne.
               | 
               | Research on legged robots is not just for 'fun', it's
               | because they are better at going through obstacles and
               | rough terrain than wheeled vehicles.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Part of it is because we already have flying/wheeling
               | drones. Walking is just the last step of all terrain
               | capabilities.
               | 
               | Flying can get you almost anywhere, but not quite. It is
               | both very loud and has issues in enclosed spaces.
               | 
               | Wheels/tracks are very efficient at moving mass, but have
               | issues crossing some materials such as exploded building
               | internals like you would find in a war zone.
               | 
               | Walking/climbing is the last bit to get you inside
               | enclosed 'human' spaces such as buildings and tunnels.
               | 
               | The war occurring now in Gaza would be an example area of
               | what future battle would look like.... A target building
               | it hit by a bomb and mostly destroyed. Smaller automated
               | drones quickly fly over the area and assess visible
               | targets and threats for follow up artillery. Multiple
               | mobilized traced/wheeled heavily armored drones would
               | address any residual ground level threats. Upon reaching
               | the target building the larger drone vehicles would
               | release multiple smaller 'walking/crawling' style drones
               | to ascend the rubble, either addressing any remaining
               | targets themselves, or reporting back to a command
               | station for some other group to make a decision on what
               | to do next. The final goal of these walking units is to
               | probe deep into the rubble to ascertain if any tunnels
               | survived the initial bombing, and if so to begin mapping
               | any threats in said tunnels.
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | It's not necessarily walking, just the improvement in
               | mobility which is one precursor to self-sufficient
               | policing
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | Oh, right. There is a Black Mirror episode in which dog-like
           | AI robots are hunting down humans [1]
           | 
           | If you watch it then those research legged robots will look
           | rather more sinister... or maybe it's just me. That episode
           | really stuck with me.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhead_(Black_Mirror)
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | They already do, really, but this is just a method of
             | locomotion. If they want to hunt, they can hunt even if
             | they're drones, or have wheels.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | "More Black Mirror than Mirror's Edge" was my takeaway too. In
         | terms of Parkour this is slow and awkward, but it's like
         | watching a baby taking their first steps towards murder. The
         | most important hurdle for many soldiers is the one these
         | machines never needed the help of AI to get over. Even after
         | dehumanizing the enemy many soldiers are "non-firers" and won't
         | shoot another person even if their own life is in danger, while
         | those who kill children and civilians are often haunted by that
         | act.
         | 
         | These robots won't have any problems pulling the trigger at
         | anyone or anything. They won't hesitate or refuse an order the
         | way Stanislav Petrov did. They won't be trained to have empathy
         | or respect for life. Humanity is the final check against the
         | worst atrocities war demands from the people we send out to
         | kill each other, and devices like these solve that "problem" by
         | dehumanizing the soldier.
        
       | smusamashah wrote:
       | Shared this few days ago but didn't get any traction then
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37690384
        
       | chanind wrote:
       | The robot needs a speaker so it can yell "Parkour!" during each
       | jump
        
       | riku_iki wrote:
       | I am always wondering, why they build such complicated biology
       | inspired robots, while they can build something with wheels and
       | simple levels which allows robot to jump over obstacles and turn
       | upside down if it landed on the back.
        
         | mcbutterbunz wrote:
         | Its my assumption that biology inspired robots would adapt
         | better to a biological world. It might also be easier to solve
         | problems by copying those who have already figured out a
         | solution.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | Nature can't really make a nice wheel and free wheeling hub
           | though. Blood vessels would get ripped off, cartilage etc.
        
         | next_xibalba wrote:
         | My limited understanding is that wheels really don't work for
         | all terrain scenarios. For example, craggy mountains in
         | Afghanistan. (Much of this research is funded directly and
         | indirectly by the US DoD)
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | there ought to be _plenty_ of money in this for delivering
       | explosive payloads...
       | 
       | (Edit: although come to think of it, in the animal world, jump
       | height is much more constrained by 9,81 m/s2 than by body size)
        
         | antognini wrote:
         | Physics constrains jump height to be about a few meters
         | regardless of size. The basic problem is that the total energy
         | required scales with mass, but the total energy available also
         | scales with mass. The two end up cancelling out and you get a
         | maximum jump height that is independent of size.
         | 
         | What really matters is the energy density of your storage
         | medium, which is the same to an order of magnitude for any
         | system based on chemical energy. So both a flea and an elephant
         | (along with battery-powered robots) can jump about a meter or
         | two in height.
        
           | Torkel wrote:
           | With special designs you can build up energy over time and
           | then release it all at once, to reach sporadic super jumps.
           | Example:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvHXwTa5-DA
           | 
           | (But for all but extreme designs I fully agree with you)
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | Artillery exists.
         | 
         | Delivering explosive payloads is a solved problem. Detecting
         | humans is a solved problem. The hard part is reliably
         | distinguishing enemy solders from friendly soldiers or
         | civilians.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | Artillery is surprisingly inefficient.
           | 
           | It takes about 15 rounds of 155mm artillery per battlefield
           | casualty. Each shot costs about $5k.
           | 
           | Robots like this might cost the same as a single artillery
           | shot but have the ability to get multiple kills each.
           | 
           | It's a cold arithmetic, but I guarantee you someone at DARPA
           | is thinking and planning the future of warfare in these
           | terms.
        
           | abraae wrote:
           | It's possible to know where the humans are but be unable to
           | destroy them with commonly available artillery payloads due
           | to them being well dug in with overhead protection.
           | 
           | These could swarm in the back door.
        
           | PoignardAzur wrote:
           | I don't know, loitering munitions are pretty much bringing a
           | renaissance to the field of blowing people up.
        
       | bravura wrote:
       | I was staying in Whitechapel, London recently. There are many
       | religious folks there who are horrified by dogs, don't want dogs
       | to touch them, and shun dogs and make a huge berth for them on
       | the street and inside, like in buses.
       | 
       | I was on dog walk duty and always held the lead close, but I knew
       | they were worried I wasn't so conscientious and would let my dog
       | friend run amuk on their garments.
       | 
       | So I was trying to imagine an example of a creature that would
       | horrify me similarly. Like perhaps if people had giant BEETLES as
       | pets, and thought it was all grand, and I was like "what the FUCK
       | are you on, my friend?", and I was pretty happy with that.
       | 
       | But I think a closer cut to how disconnected this is from what
       | seems appropriate, and normal, and reassuring, would be these
       | robots. Clearly, some people don't really understand how
       | horrifying this is, particularly with elevator music as the
       | background. And if you want to know how upsetting the elevator
       | music is as a background to set tone, I strongly urge you NOT NOT
       | NOT to google "crab club" on youtube.
        
       | notyourwork wrote:
       | Did anyone else find the stair handstand to look like cheating?
       | Extremely neat to see this stuff.
        
       | scrpl wrote:
       | Those movements are extremely animal-like, to the point of being
       | unsettling (despite that I want a robot like that for myself)
        
       | nightpool wrote:
       | As a reminder: CMU and its robotics program is intimately
       | associated with the US Department of Defense, and although there
       | are certainly civilian applications for this technology, one of
       | the most likely short-term applications is improving legged
       | drones for battlefield deployment (often, it should be said, in
       | humanitarian roles, including search and rescue, or support
       | roles, such as ammo, food, and water resupply, but deployment of
       | armed legged drones is also an active area of research).
       | 
       | Here's a military news article covering the same umbrella grant
       | program this research was funded under:
       | https://www.c4isrnet.com/2022/06/23/darpa-adding-common-sens...
        
         | asadm wrote:
         | Which is great?
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > CMU and its robotics program is intimately associated with
         | the US Department of Defense
         | 
         | Is this not the case with _all_ the major R1 institutions?
         | 
         | Walt Rostow may no longer be deciding on troop levels from his
         | office in the MIT Economics department (that cause MIT to
         | "divest" its overtly military work into figleaf organizations)
         | but still, after that, ARPA (later DARPA) poured hundreds of
         | millions into the institution.
         | 
         | They basically paid for my education there and I am not a US
         | citizen and never worked on anything military-related, either
         | while in school or since.
        
           | nightpool wrote:
           | I can't really speak for many other institutions. I know
           | plenty of robotics labs that are doing completely civilian
           | work under NSF grants, grants from corporations, some
           | civilian manufacturing and automation work through the
           | national labs, etc. And even among those institutions working
           | on DARPA-funded projects, not every institution has NREC
           | right down the street working on autonomy systems for ground
           | combat vehicles:
           | https://www.nrec.ri.cmu.edu/solutions/defense/other-
           | projects.... The research done by students at CMU directly
           | makes these types of weapons platforms possible, and vice
           | versa.
           | 
           | It's certainly true that many, many universities are deeply
           | embedded with the DoD, defense contractors, and other weapons
           | manufacturer ecosystems. Certainly CMU isn't exceptional
           | here. But I think it's very important to keep in mind the
           | reality of these programs when they come up in the news, like
           | this article, which is why I left the link to how "the other
           | side" sees these types of research programs.
        
         | beambot wrote:
         | Ironic comment given the implied nationalities of the coauthors
         | (Xuxin Cheng, Kexin Shi, Ananye Agarwal, and Deepak Pathak) and
         | the chosen robot form factor (Unitree)
        
           | nightpool wrote:
           | Is it? I think it's important to understand that this type of
           | robotics research requires serious ethical considerations no
           | matter where it happens or who works on it--this work
           | specifically was funded by the US military, but it applies
           | just as equally to weaponization projects happening within
           | China.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | Does the Chinese military sponsor education for US Citizens
             | on military-adjacent projects in China? Why (not)?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I assume some combination of: they don't have the same
               | incentives to try and draw in international talent as the
               | multicultural US does, and US k-12 schools don't produce
               | students that would do well on their admissions tests or
               | whatever. Also we have pretty good engineering schools
               | here in the US, so I don't see why anyone would take them
               | up on that offer if they decided to make it.
        
         | fuelfive wrote:
         | Glad to see our universities making progress in this important
         | area of national security.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | This tech is the stuff of nightmares. People are going to see
           | this unfeeling little chitinous bug-dog-thing crawling in
           | with them, then they die. And it is making it cheaper to kill
           | people in exotic foreign lands.
           | 
           | This is the tragedy of the commons. I'd rather see nobody
           | making these advances, but if someone has to it'd better be
           | people on my side. Can't stop progress :(
        
             | blacksmith_tb wrote:
             | Maybe there's a glimmer of hope that someday both sides can
             | send their robots to destroy one another, instead of their
             | sons and daughters? I agree that initially there's an
             | advantage to richer nations, but it's not like a $30M jet
             | fighter, there could be parity.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | croes wrote:
           | How does this improve national security?
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | They are vehicles that can navigate terrain a wheeled
             | vehicle cannot. So they could do anything from operate as
             | pack "animals" for infiltration teams to be armed drones
             | that creep along the ground, harder to detect than a flying
             | one.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Once again, how does this improve national security?
               | 
               | That's offense not defense. It worsens the national
               | security of your opponent but doesn't strengthen your
               | own.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | What do you think defense actually is in the current
               | technological era?
               | 
               | You don't defend territory with static defense's or force
               | fields or walls.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | That seems like a rather limited view of the word
               | "defense", more appropriate to football or hockey than
               | warfare. Even for that you could have these drones
               | patrolling the territory/shooting intruders.
               | 
               | But the word "defense" is much wider than that. Is the US
               | supplying offensive weapons to Ukraine contributing to
               | the national defense? Even if you feel the US should not
               | be doing that, I hoe you can see the logic of people who
               | do frame it that way.
               | 
               | And Ukraine's in a defensive war against an invader, and
               | for that they have to go on the offense.
               | 
               | (Of course the US renaming the Department of War to
               | Department of Defense in 1947 was 100% propaganda, or to
               | be more charitable, aspirational. There is no question
               | that it has been used offensively).
        
           | dclowd9901 wrote:
           | What a naive statement. Do you really believe no other nation
           | is capable of making such a thing? This doesn't improve our
           | national security at all. Just ups the ante for robotic
           | infantry, whatever the hell that ends up meaning. Like
           | advancements in war technology has ever been a positive in
           | the world.
        
         | mshockwave wrote:
         | not sure what you trying to get, but hundreds if not thousands
         | of universities are working closely with DARPA, which is an DoD
         | agency that sponsors mostly high-level and non-classified
         | researches. Many of the researches have weak connections to
         | actual military usages (there has to be _some_ connections, but
         | many of them are pretty weak).
        
       | o0banky0o wrote:
       | It walks into your room, discovers you, and moves in to make the
       | kill, but for some reason the gun trained at an odd angle. You
       | see it take two shots that veer across to the corner of the room
       | before it hilariously enters some self-correcting routine, seems
       | to rediscover you, and finally blows your head off.
       | 
       | You get a chuckle before you die
        
         | p1esk wrote:
         | You better have your own robots protecting you.
        
           | qup wrote:
           | Or become undetectable.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | "It turns out that our kill-bots don't shoot at mimes for
             | some reason?"
        
           | PoignardAzur wrote:
           | The only protection from a bad guy with a robot is a good guy
           | with a time machine and a shotgun.
        
             | p1esk wrote:
             | Wait, who was the bad guy with a robot? I thought there
             | were only bad robots.
        
       | superb_dev wrote:
       | Why doesn't it use existing momentum to get over that gap or up
       | on the ledge? It slows down before it makes the jump
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | This doesn't look like an extreme environment at all, yet the
       | robot still has his legs sliding quite a bit on various
       | obstacles, which surprised me since it can do complex stuff. They
       | only show slow-motion on perfect moves, which is a bit
       | disingenuous. I thought SOTA was better than this honestly.
        
         | abraae wrote:
         | I thought the opposite. Watching it scrabble to get its hind
         | legs up on the ledge - exactly as a dog would do, with the
         | benefit of millions of years of evolution behind it - was very
         | impressive to me.
        
       | throwaway67743 wrote:
       | War of the Worlds (recent remake) is finally here!
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | Robot they're using is a Unitree A1:
       | https://www.unitree.com/en/a1
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Is it just me or was I unimpressed that it can't long jump
       | further than 2x its body length?
        
       | unblough wrote:
       | Only thing missing in that video is some rando walking by on
       | campus in the background yelling "when they come, I hope they
       | come for you first!"
        
       | alcover wrote:
       | "The Hound half rose in its kennel and looked at him with green-
       | blue neon light flickering in its suddenly activated eyebulbs. It
       | growled again."
        
         | gpderetta wrote:
         | "THEY sent A SLAMHOUND on Turner's trail in New Delhi, slotted
         | it to his pheromones and the color of his hair. It caught up
         | with him on a street called Chandni Chauk and came scrambling
         | for his rented BMW through a forest of bare brown legs and
         | pedicab tires. Its core was a kilogram of recrystallized
         | hexogene and flaked TNT. He didn't see it coming. The last he
         | saw of India was the pink stucco facade of a place called the
         | Khush-Oil Hotel."
        
       | namero999 wrote:
       | What about the handstand? Was it programmed to do so or was it an
       | artifact of the neural net? I wonder if this relates to the fact
       | that some dogs do in fact perform "handstand" (pawstand?) in
       | seemingly random situations...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | noelwelsh wrote:
       | I'm sure this is impressive for an autonomous robot. However, as
       | a fan of real parkour its kinda annoying to see some modest jumps
       | and walking on a slope labelled "extreme parkour". What the robot
       | demonstrates I'd expect any healthy 10 year old to be able to
       | equal.
        
         | foderking wrote:
         | its actually hard for robots to compete with 10 year olds
        
         | s3krit wrote:
         | The metrics they're using (2x its height for climbing a wall,
         | 2x its length for crossing a gap) are weird and don't really
         | relate to the same achievements for a traceur. 2x its height is
         | really more like slightly over 1x its usable body for that
         | maneuver (0.4m length, 0.51cm height of the climb). I agree,
         | not extreme but still pretty impressive for a robot. We're not
         | going to see them doing cat leaps any time soon ;)
        
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       (page generated 2023-10-09 23:01 UTC)