[HN Gopher] New study confirms gulf stream weakening
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       New study confirms gulf stream weakening
        
       Author : leononame
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2023-10-08 17:59 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | This is an El Nino year.
       | https://www.weather.gov/news/230706-ElNino
       | 
       | El Nino can cause these effects.
       | https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html
        
         | beowulfey wrote:
         | El Nino has nothing to do with ocean currents in the Atlantic?
        
         | this_steve_j wrote:
         | The study looked at almost 40 years worth of observational data
         | from multiple correlated sources. That is one of its
         | contributions relative to similar studies that looked at fewer
         | sources of measurements, or used different methods.
        
       | iamflimflam1 wrote:
       | Climate change is one of the reasons that I'm actually glad that
       | we didn't have children. When I talk to people that have children
       | and understand what is happening it ends up being quite
       | depressing.
        
         | lacrimacida wrote:
         | I don't know why you're getting downvoted, perhaps you're sees
         | as selfish which I don't share. I do have kids and am indeed
         | horrified for them. I too may look selfish to others but in all
         | honesty when you have skin in the game it the reaction is more
         | intense.
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | I know it's naive of me to hope, but I hope that if a large part
       | of the "western" world is affected by the gulf stream weakening
       | then more definitive action will be taken against climate change.
       | 
       | Something related in the novel _Project Hail Mary_ affected me
       | greatly: _" I've run the best models I have. Crops are going to
       | fail. The global staple crops are wheat, barley, millet,
       | potatoes, soy, and most important of all, rice. All of them are
       | pretty sensitive about temperature ranges. If your rice paddy
       | freezes over, the rice dies. If your potato farm floods, the
       | potatoes die. And if your wheat farm experiences ten times normal
       | humidity, it gets fungal parasites and dies."_
       | 
       | Sure, we may not be looking at freezing rice paddies, but
       | flooding is absolutely affecting people all over the world due to
       | the warmer air holding more moisture.
       | 
       | Not at all a happy thought, I'm sorry.
        
         | myshpa wrote:
         | > more definitive action will be taken against climate change
         | 
         | a) our problem is not only the climate change, but overshoot /
         | polycrisis
         | 
         | b) there is a profit to be made even from the collapse, maybe
         | bigger than ever
         | 
         | Nothing will get changed, because solving the problems would
         | mean dismantling the system.
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | > _Nothing will get changed, because solving the problems
           | would mean dismantling the system._
           | 
           | I don't want you to be correct, but I fear that you are. My
           | heart breaks thinking about it. My stepdaughter is 23, and
           | she's going to live through some very tough times.
           | 
           | People in positions of power and influence seem to think they
           | can flee to New Zealand and life will continue as before. I
           | don't know how to disabuse them of that notion.
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | A lot of people are making money by building fear in the
             | ultra rich. They are really gullible. Really hard to bring
             | people that have been scammed up to reason.
        
               | lacrimacida wrote:
               | Fear is being being built everywhere and everyone is very
               | gullible, including the poor.
        
             | myshpa wrote:
             | Maybe the biggest problem is how big a problem it is. The
             | extent of the problems we're facing may be too overwhelming
             | for the average person to fully comprehend.
             | 
             | Overshoot encompasses many aspects, including biodiversity
             | loss, deforestation, pollution, resource depletion, and
             | much more.
             | 
             | The fundamental issue is the need for constant growth in a
             | finite environment. Almost all money in the system is
             | created through loans by banks, and there is an interest on
             | that money that must be paid, typically around 3% or so,
             | and this interest compounds exponentially.
             | 
             | As a result, our growth is exponential, and there is no
             | sign of it slowing down. Our GDP doubles every 30 years,
             | while our finite natural environment is the first to be
             | sacrificed in an attempt to service one's debts.
             | 
             | All we see is an attempt at solving the energy, and only
             | partially - because it's the easiest problem. We don't see
             | any real debate about degrowth, reforestation, equity, food
             | system, financial system ... no real progress on any front.
             | 
             | - We should stop using fossil fuels as soon as possible.
             | 
             | - Transitioning to plant-based diets can free up an area
             | the size of both Americas, allowing for reforestation that
             | would halt biodiversity loss and sequester as much carbon
             | as we've released since the Industrial Revolution.
             | 
             | - Agriculture must be reformed to eliminate our reliance on
             | harmful pesticides and practices that destroy biodiversity.
             | 
             | - Overfishing and pollution must be stopped to preserve
             | marine life and ecosystems.
             | 
             | - Developed countries should pursue degrowth while
             | supporting the development of less developed nations.
             | 
             | - Education and restoration should be prioritized over
             | exploitation.
             | 
             | Animal species have witnessed a 70% decline in just the
             | last 50 years. How long until our insect and pollinator
             | populations collapse? How long until forests completely
             | lose their ability to retain moisture and generate rain?
             | How long until oceans are devoid of fish or sharks (with
             | 90% already gone), leading to the collapse of the entire
             | marine ecosystem? How long until major crop failures occur?
             | 
             | There have been collapses of civilizations before, but
             | there has never been a total collapse of the biosphere as
             | well. So I too worry for the future of today's young.
             | 
             | Sorry for the rant.
        
               | bloopernova wrote:
               | Don't ever apologize for caring. I didn't think it was a
               | rant really.
        
           | lacrimacida wrote:
           | > Nothing will get changed, because solving the problems
           | would mean dismantling the system
           | 
           | Oh well, the system may simply collapse and not be able and
           | it won't be pretty. But that will be a starting point for
           | rebuilding.
        
           | SirMaster wrote:
           | So if it's inevitable, what are the possible positive
           | effects?
           | 
           | Are there regions that benefit from the changes that will
           | happen to the weather?
           | 
           | New places that can be used to grow things, new places that
           | might be more appealing to live than it is now?
           | 
           | Should we start looking at transitioning to the changes that
           | you say are inevitable?
        
             | myshpa wrote:
             | > So if it's inevitable, what are the possible positive
             | effects?
             | 
             | I see no positive effects. We should try to prevent the
             | inevitable, while there's still some time. Not long. But
             | some.
             | 
             | > Should we start looking at transitioning to the changes
             | 
             | I'm starting to think we're likely to face a future akin to
             | that depicted in Threads (1984) or The Road (2009), and I'm
             | not sure anyone can truly prepare for it.
        
               | SirMaster wrote:
               | What do you mean though when you say you see no positive
               | effects?
               | 
               | You see negative effects because scientists who have
               | spent great time and effort have found connections to and
               | predicted negative effects.
               | 
               | Has anyone spent a similar amount of time and effort
               | looking for positive effects? If not, how can we expect
               | to know about any positive effects?
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | > Nothing will get changed, because solving the problems
           | would mean dismantling the system.
           | 
           | For now, American citizens can ask congress to support a
           | carbon fee and dividend [1], which would create a financial
           | incentive for the system to dismantle itself. There are few
           | forces in the world more powerful than individuals deciding
           | to save money.
           | 
           | [1] https://citizensclimatelobby.org/get-loud-take-
           | action/energy...
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Congress doesn't even have a speaker of the house to put
             | forth a bill to vote on.
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | Sounds like they'll have plenty of time to read some
               | email.
        
         | Yoric wrote:
         | Sadly, we have reached a stage at which change is much harder -
         | first because we've waited way too long, secondly because the
         | West is currently faced with a war (which might be in the
         | process of blowing up into a world war, we'll see), a financial
         | crisis and a democratic crisis.
         | 
         | So... I'm not optimistic.
        
       | OceanKing wrote:
       | From the link:
       | 
       | > "While we can definitively say this weakening is happening, we
       | are unable to say to what extent it is related to climate change
       | or whether it is a natural variation," [the first co-author]
       | Piecuch said. "We can see similar weakening indicated in climate
       | models, but for this paper we were not able to put together the
       | observational evidence that would really allow us to pinpoint the
       | cause of the observed decline."
       | 
       | but also...
       | 
       | > [The second co-author] Beal added, "The Gulf Stream is a vital
       | artery of the ocean's circulation, and so the ramifications of
       | its weakening are global. I used to think of the ocean as our
       | last remaining frontier, wild, pristine, and indomitable. It
       | saddens me to acknowledge, _from our study_ and so many others,
       | and from recent record-breaking headlines, that even the remotest
       | parts of the ocean are now in the grip of our addiction to fossil
       | fuels. " (emphasis mine)
       | 
       | Seems a little disingenuous to state in the publication that you
       | cannot conclude the cause of the decline, and then in the press
       | release go about definitively blaming it on fossil fuels,
       | including stating that this conclusion is supported by your
       | study.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | It's well understood that increased average global temperature
         | will shut down the gulf stream.
         | 
         | The question is which of a few different climate change model
         | scenarios we're in, and which of their tipping points we just
         | crossed, not whether climate change drove the weakening of the
         | Gulf Stream.
        
         | chimpanzee wrote:
         | >> We can see similar weakening indicated in climate _models_
         | 
         | >> we were not able to put together the _observational_
         | evidence that would really allow us to pinpoint the cause of
         | the _observed_ decline
         | 
         | >> the grip of our addiction to fossil fuels
         | 
         | I take the above to mean that the ocean's current state cannot
         | be proven to be caused by climate change. But climate change
         | models do indicate a similar effect would be had. So, given the
         | current state, any future effect of climate change would only
         | make things worse.
         | 
         | Importantly, "in the grip of" only implies a future determined
         | by "the hand that grips" not that the past or present was
         | necessarily produced by the same hand.
        
         | perrygeo wrote:
         | You're under-emphasizing the "and so many others" part. The
         | causes of ocean circulation change are well known. This paper
         | didn't even address the causality part and only focused on
         | confirming the change. But the causality has been studied
         | elsewhere: we know temperature and salinity are two of the
         | drivers, and those are directly influenced by anthropogenic
         | climate change.
         | 
         | So it's more accurate to say that the synthesis of all recent
         | research indicates fossil fuel emissions are a causal factor.
         | The statement could have been worded more clearly, but it's
         | supported by the scientific evidence.
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | You know, we're supposed to assume sincerity and general good
           | intent to folks here...
           | 
           | But you know, you have to wonder just how many big business
           | astroturfers there are here. We know the oil companies knew
           | about climate change in the 70s, and buried it. It's not at
           | all unbelievable that they would pay influencers and the like
           | to peddle downplays of climate devastation, in order to slow
           | responses.
           | 
           | Obviously, we don't know for sure, since accts here are semi-
           | anonymous. But it would make a great deal of sense to sow
           | confusion and condemnation and downplay the anthropocene.
        
             | avgcorrection wrote:
             | I think HN is too liberal (in American terms) to focus the
             | Denial Astroturf on. That plays better with more
             | conservative segments. Liberal audiences are fed the
             | Consumer Awareness Cope: drive less and grow your own
             | tomatos on your veranda. Corporations don't cause climate
             | change because consumers need to buy stuff from
             | corporations for them to survive.
             | 
             | And since this is a wealthy and techy audience you can dial
             | up the upper-middle class fantasies of just buying an EV,
             | installing solar on your roofs, and getting Tesla batteries
             | for your own home.
             | 
             | Go a little further still and you reach the Geoengineering
             | Cope... which also fits here...
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | I genuinely think there are very few. Nearly every time I
             | see someone concerned about astroturfing it seems more
             | likely that it's simply surprise that another individual
             | has a different perspective than your own.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | aCoreyJ wrote:
         | The thing is it's impossible to prove any single event or
         | change is caused by climate change because we have no way of
         | showing what would be happening if humans hadn't altered the
         | planet.
         | 
         | With weather we can show that severe events have become more
         | common.
         | 
         | I'd have to read the study thoroughly to know for sure but it
         | seems they can show certain effects of the fossil fuels
         | industry but not actual causation of the overall slowdown,
         | which may be impossible to prove.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Everything is impossible to prove. However fossil fuels are
           | demonstrably casual factors in mechanics that generate the
           | exact effects we see. Effects which correlate extremely well
           | with the timing of our emissions and we're largely unchanged
           | on such time scales previously.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | "Prove" has different meanings for most people compared to
           | scientists. As you say, it is impossible to prove that
           | something like this, which results from a complex set of
           | conditions and most likely a complex set of causes, results
           | from a single thing. So we speak in probabilities, confidence
           | intervals, and significance. That's just science speak.
           | 
           | This results from human-made global warming in the same way
           | as a smoker's lung cancer results from smoking. The
           | conclusion is also the same in both cases: "don't do it".
           | Nobody can prove that it will kill, but it drastically
           | increases the odds.
           | 
           | Also, note that this is not at all unexpected. I remember
           | articles in scientific vulgarisation magazines in the 1990s
           | discussion this and the fact that, counter-intuitively,
           | global warming could result in local cooling in Western
           | Europe because of a weakened Gulf Stream. We are still far
           | from that.
        
             | myshpa wrote:
             | > global warming could result in local cooling in Western
             | Europe because of a weakened Gulf Stream. We are still far
             | from that.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_meridional_overturni
             | n...
             | 
             |  _In July 2023, a paper from a pair of University of
             | Copenhagen researchers suggested that AMOC collapse would
             | most likely happen around 2057, with the 95% confidence
             | range between 2025 - 2095._
             | 
             | It may be a controversial paper, but all probabilities are
             | off after this year. So there is a possibility that it
             | could collapse as soon as two years from now.
        
             | Smoosh wrote:
             | > local cooling in Western Europe
             | 
             | This would be bad, but now has me wondering, what would
             | happen to all that energy if it doesn't travel up towards
             | the north pole to be cooled? Could we have an extra hot
             | Central Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean?
             | 
             | Does anyone know of any studies which have looked into
             | this?
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/climate-
               | tipping-po...
        
       | happytiger wrote:
       | I'll take "Things that make me go Oh Shit" for 1000, Alex.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | What would be the consequence of this on various regions? A
       | colder Europe?
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | I believe there's also some fear about the cold Arctic water
         | flowing south and destroying the fishing banks off Canada and
         | some other Really Bad Stuff...
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | On the Pacific side? Because on the Atlantic side the fish
           | stocks still haven't recovered no?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | Higher sea levels for east coast us, colder and stormier
         | Western Europe, drier Indian and Africa.
         | 
         | The latter sounds like the worst part. The world is not
         | prepared for the immense headache that would be crop failure
         | across India.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | There's a documentary about it:
         | https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0319262/
         | 
         | /s
        
         | zh3 wrote:
         | For Europe generally - and the UK in particular, where the seas
         | around it act as a natural temperature buffer - yes, it's would
         | likely get quite a lot colder. Take a look at how the
         | temperature average and variations in NYC at ~41 degrees north
         | compare to London which is more like 51 degrees but bathed in
         | the gulf stream (caveats involved, both coastal northern
         | hemisphere east coast cities but a lot more land to the west of
         | NY than for London).
        
           | andersa wrote:
           | Isn't that... great? Europe is currently annoyingly hot in
           | the summer, so getting colder sounds like an improvement.
        
             | Yoric wrote:
             | I've seen one model in which Europe gets hotter summers and
             | colder winters. Also, in this model, a monsoon.
             | 
             | So, overall, not necessarily positive.
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Yeah that's kind of interesting actually. All other things
             | equal, Europe getting colder than it has been in the last
             | few hundred years would be bad. But, in the context of the
             | entire earth getting warmer, Europe getting colder than it
             | would get otherwise does seem like a good thing.
        
               | lacrimacida wrote:
               | I don't think it's Europe getting colder overall but
               | lower lows and higher highs.
        
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