[HN Gopher] Indoor wood burning raises women's lung cancer risk ...
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       Indoor wood burning raises women's lung cancer risk by 43%
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 164 points
       Date   : 2023-10-08 12:58 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencedirect.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencedirect.com)
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | In my vacation house (where I went to live for one full winter
       | season), I turned the fireplace into an enclosed (still wood-
       | fueled) fireplace: there's a fan (if I want to) but it's not
       | blowing smoke, it's blowing warmth from the warmed up "firebox"
       | (whatever that is called) inside the house.
       | 
       | It's day and night compared to that same house back when it had a
       | regular open fireplace: smoke would drift inside the house, no
       | matter how cautious I'd be. And the efficiency was terribly bad.
       | 
       | Now I still get to enjoy the view and once the fire is well
       | started and the smoke correctly goes through the chimney, I can
       | even open the enclosed fireplace's for a while and hear the
       | crackling / get the full ambiance.
       | 
       | Lovely. I hope to go there in december. Falling asleep in front
       | of the fireplace is one of my greatest joy in life.
       | 
       | It did cost about 5 K EUR IIRC (to transform the open fireplace
       | into an enclosed one) but then warming the house with wood is
       | super cheap (an enclosed fireplace is much more energy efficient
       | than an open fireplace).
       | 
       | FWIW I warmed the house during the entire summer with five
       | "steres de bois" [1] (an old french unit that isn't used for
       | anything anymore beside wood logs meant to be used as fuel), paid
       | 60 EUR each. So 300 EUR to warm the house (south east of France,
       | mild winter).
       | 
       | BTW: house in the middle of nowhere, hardly any neighbors. So
       | they don't get my smoke and I don't get their.
       | 
       | [1] https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A8re
        
         | ahaucnx wrote:
         | I second this. My sister has an enclosed fireplace and last
         | time I visited her, I measured the air quality next to it and
         | was surprised to find no elevated PM2.5 inside the room.
         | 
         | However keeping the door just a bit open emitted a lot of smoke
         | into the room and gave a completely picture.
         | 
         | So I would recommend measuring the air quality in your home if
         | you run any fire place.
         | 
         | I should probably write a blog post about it sometime.
        
           | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
           | Yup I got a pm2.5 & AQI monitor a couple years ago and was so
           | excited to have a fireplace in my new house, but trying it
           | with the monitor showed me I really shouldn't. I am
           | considering an enclosed fireplace to still be able to use it.
           | I am now wondering if just emitting it into the air (out of
           | the chimney) is acceptable.
           | 
           | EDIT: also it's been shocking to check on it while cooking,
           | our vent hood is mediocre to bad so we end up keeping a door
           | open most of the time we are cooking
        
             | desiarnezjr wrote:
             | Is this a modern wood stove or insert? I recently bought
             | one for a new home we're building, and from my research
             | they're incredibly efficient these days. Not installed yet
             | so we will see, I suppose.
        
               | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
               | Open hearth
        
         | dzhiurgis wrote:
         | Does it have power? 5K buys ducted heat pump with built in HRV.
         | Or you could've heated your cabin for a decade just using space
         | heaters...
        
       | whoopsie wrote:
       | Tell this to Big Candle
        
       | zemvpferreira wrote:
       | Great prospective study. If I'm reading correctly, using a wood-
       | fired stove/fireplace for around a month per year for 10 years or
       | more will increase your chance of lung cancer by ~70%.
       | 
       | To put that in perspective, smoking regularly in the same time-
       | span increases your chance of lung cancer by over 20x.
        
         | ghusto wrote:
         | > using a wood-fired stove/fireplace for around a month per
         | year for 10 years or more will increase your chance of lung
         | cancer by ~70%
         | 
         | Really?! I just started using a wood fireplace, so this
         | concerns me. I wish I understood things like "Cox regression"
         | and other sciency things so I could trust this study.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > smoking regularly in the same time-span increases your chance
         | of lung cancer by over 20x.
         | 
         | But what if you were to smoke only for the same amount as you
         | mention using the fireplace, around a month per year?
        
           | zemvpferreira wrote:
           | You'll have trouble finding many people to study.
           | 
           | From the evidence I've seen, intensity of smoke exposure is
           | much more problematic than volume. Light smokers still have
           | 5-10x the chance of developing lung cancer than a non-smoker.
           | 
           | That might be a good first estimate for smokers who only
           | smoke one month out of the year.
        
         | cannonpalms wrote:
         | You're conflating correlation with causation. Adding only a
         | single factor under study (use of wood-burning fireplaces) will
         | not necessarily produce the measured result; it could have been
         | the result of a confluence of factors correlated with use of
         | wood-burning stoves that you personally may lack.
        
           | zemvpferreira wrote:
           | You've clearly not read the study at all or live in a world
           | where only perfect double-blind studies are acceptable. I
           | wish we could all live there but sometimes you have to make-
           | do with reality.
        
           | jncfhnb wrote:
           | Smoke is a highly likely casual factor. You don't really win
           | any points for saying IT COULD BE CORRELATION. This one seems
           | like an extremely safe bet. It's not even a huge effect size.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | What is the base rate? Increasing a very small number by 1.7x
         | or 20x is still a small number. One might say "oh any increase
         | is too much." I acknowledge that and counter that there is
         | opportunity cost to addressing topics of small effect. For
         | example, I would expect that if unconstrained atmospheric
         | combustion was a big problem, it would show up in occupations
         | with high likelihood of exposure.
         | 
         |  _"Occupational exposure as a firefighter" has been evaluated
         | by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and
         | classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans", with strongest
         | evidence for testicular cancer, prostate cancer and non-Hodgkin
         | lymphoma._
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254920/
        
       | 2devnull wrote:
       | So merely owning a stove but never burning wood gets you to HR
       | 1.42. That makes the 1.6 for occasional use less bothersome
       | (ymmv).
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | Maybe you're more likely to live near other houses that do use
         | theirs.
        
           | 2devnull wrote:
           | Precisely. And those houses may be in areas that have
           | relatively more confounding factors (eg gas generator use
           | will be higher).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | snapplebobapple wrote:
       | Whats the absolute risk change? Relative risk is utterly
       | meaningless for actually deciding what to do in the context of
       | alternate choices.
        
       | mrangle wrote:
       | Buy an air filter with an AQI meter. Not only will you never use
       | your wood stove again, you may end up cutting down on your
       | pancake Saturdays.
        
         | kevinmchugh wrote:
         | Losing hot breakfast on the weekend is a very strong argument
         | against monitoring my air quality
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | A good vent hood does wonders here
        
         | nkurz wrote:
         | Presuming you've actually done this test, I think it must
         | depend on your woodstove and how it is installed. We heat
         | almost exclusively with wood, and have a modern EPA compliant
         | wood stove connected to a continuous stainless steel liner that
         | runs to the top of the chimney. We got an AQI meter based on
         | comments on like this.
         | 
         | The AQI meter showed that there was no perceptible difference
         | in air quality with the wood stove on versus off. Startup shows
         | some smoke that decreases in an hour, but continuous operation
         | shows no effect. Since we are in a cold climate, we burn
         | essentially 24-7 for the entire winter, and thus startup
         | effects can mostly be ignored.
         | 
         | You are right that there was a tremendous decrease in air
         | quality when cooking, especially anything that was fried. So I
         | agree that you might cut down on pancakes, but my evidence does
         | not back your assertion you will "never use a woodstove again".
         | To the contrary, using the meter tremendously reduced my
         | worries about indoor air quality due to using the woodstove.
         | 
         | Did you actually do this test and find different results? What
         | sort of system were you testing?
        
           | jwr wrote:
           | Does the smoke magically disappear once it exists your
           | chimney? Because your neighbors might get AQI results that
           | aren't that great -- or yours might deteriorate, too, if
           | everybody around you starts heating with wood.
           | 
           | It's just not a good idea, period.
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | There's nothing magic about it. Sufficiently high
             | combustion temperature reduces particulates.
        
             | nkurz wrote:
             | I was responding to the specific claim that woodstoves
             | cause measurable problems with indoor air quality in the
             | houses where they are used. I'm willing to believe they
             | can, but in my direct experience, mine didn't. I live in a
             | rural enough area (less than 1 house per sq km) that my
             | neighbors are unlikely to be affected by my woodburning,
             | and I am not likely to be affected by theirs.
             | 
             | The question (and I agree it's open) is what effect
             | dispersed burning has on the larger scale environment. My
             | current belief is that local wood harvesting and burning in
             | a modern efficient stove is better than the alternatives
             | currently available to me. If you have evidence to the
             | contrary, please provide it rather than just making blanket
             | statements.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | A modern wood stove doesn't emit much smoke at all. It
             | recirculates smoke through the combustion chamber (and/or
             | through a catalyst) which causes secondary combustion. This
             | greatly increases the energy efficiency of the stove and
             | gives you a much cleaner burn. Not only are you not
             | polluting your house with wood smoke particles but you
             | aren't polluting your neighbours either!
        
               | Applejinx wrote:
               | This. Mine has the recirculation thing with extra air
               | channels and a big ol' soapstone wall interposed between
               | the combustion chamber and the exhaust, and you can't
               | just start it up full of wood, you have to fire it
               | properly at which point it's hot enough to burn its own
               | smoke, which you can see happening. And then once it's
               | going, engage the catalyst, which also burns the smoke
               | more, until there's basically nothing left.
               | 
               | No more 'nice cozy smell of neighborhood wood fires', but
               | on every other possible metric, way way better.
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Yeah, comparing an old out of date stove/fireplace from
           | peoples memory to modern high efficiency models seems rather
           | disingenuous on the part of commenters.
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | I still feel like there must be a difference in particulate
         | matter from things like combustion products (which we know are
         | very bad) and those from cooking - as long as nothing is
         | getting hot enough to char and smoke... Still a good idea to
         | have a good exhaust fan in your range hood (and pick induction
         | over gas if possible) but still...
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | _> and those from cooking_
           | 
           | I presume the parent commenter is referring to cooking using
           | a gas stovetop, rather than to any particulate emitted by the
           | food itself.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | sambeau wrote:
       | I recently did a deep dive into woodsmoke as I couldn't
       | understand how ~2 million years of evolution with woodsmoke
       | hadn't rendered us completely immune to its effects.
       | 
       | I couldn't at that time find a paper that showed that it was very
       | harmful to humans, just a lot proving that it was harmful to
       | mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs (and a lot of forwards
       | stating the dangers then linking to another animal research
       | paper)--which bothered me--rodents don't have ~2 millions years
       | of woodsmoke in their evolution history. I found papers about
       | forest fires that some showed bad effects other were inconclusive
       | and wouldn't;t draw conclusions as there were too much smoke from
       | other combustable substances mixed into the smoke. I also found a
       | paper about firefighters exposed to woodsmoke that found no ill
       | effects on them.
       | 
       | So I remained unconvinced.
       | 
       | But this paper is different: not animals, large study, evidence.
       | SO I will read it in-depth.
       | 
       | But I am still baffled. How could over a million years of
       | evolution not have bred this out of us? I'm genuinely curious.
        
         | cstrahan wrote:
         | Why _should_ you expect ~2 million years of evolution to bread
         | that out of us?
         | 
         | The ability to start and control fires for warmth and cooking
         | purposes greatly increases the odds of survival for individuals
         | and their offspring.
         | 
         | If I may personify evolution as form of rhetoric: evolution
         | doesn't care if you limp along through a painful life, or if
         | your genes guarantee a horrific death at the end of it.
         | Evolution only cares about your ability to produce offspring
         | that in turn reach maturity and produce offspring of their own,
         | and so on.
         | 
         | Resources are finite in this world, so sure, the fittest tend
         | to outcompete less fit creatures, and the former will
         | perpetuate its genes while the latter won't. This is where the
         | notion of "survival of the fittest comes from". But it is a
         | mistake to interpret that implication the other way around:
         | that is, survival does not necessarily imply greater and
         | greater fitness over time.
         | 
         | Evolution isn't about species becoming the best they could be,
         | it's _only_ about being good enough.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | For evolution to happen a trait needs to effect reproductive
         | success. Diseases that hit later in life will only have a
         | minimal effect. Your kids are already grown by the time you get
         | cancer and probably having children of their own. There may be
         | slightly less resources available to raise the next generation
         | if you die but the effect is minimal. Genes that help/hurt the
         | survival of young people are going to have a much a more
         | profound effect and influence evolution more.
        
         | not_your_vase wrote:
         | Maybe we just devolved.
         | 
         | Most of the people have been living close to nature up to like
         | a 100 years ago. And today? I have like 8 allergies, and I have
         | no idea about the root cause of 6 of them. I would die in 2
         | days on a field of random weed, by sneezing myself to death.
         | And I suspect I am far from the record holder in this site.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | >I couldn't understand how ~2 million years of evolution with
         | woodsmoke hadn't rendered us completely immune
         | 
         | There's strong evidence for use of fire going back only .5
         | million years. More importantly, all existing humans are
         | descended from a population that lived in sub-Saharan Africa
         | till 70,000-50,000 years ago:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_moder...
         | 
         | Although that population probably used fire before migrating
         | out of Africa, they probably did so only for cooking and to
         | keep wild animals away and almost never used fire indoors.
        
         | yread wrote:
         | For large part of the two million years not having a fire
         | killed people a lot more than lung cancer.
        
           | sambeau wrote:
           | That was certainly my top theory. Cooking saving many more
           | babies than woodsmoke killed.
        
       | nwellinghoff wrote:
       | I don't get it. I thought with a properly functioning stove all
       | the smoke goes outside not into the room. Same thing with a
       | fireplace.
        
         | andtong wrote:
         | Perhaps some of the smoke leaks out of the stove into the room.
         | Maybe a rocket mass heater[1] could help. It uses a thermal
         | siphon to pull all the exhaust outside.
         | 
         | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_mass_heater
        
           | nwellinghoff wrote:
           | I mean wouldn't you see it? I use my fireplace all the time
           | in the winter and I would classify the amount of smoke that
           | gets into the room as "negligible". Especially compared to
           | smoking a cigarette.Would love if this study actually
           | followed up with some measurements and the "why" of actual
           | fireplaces and stove setups.
        
             | mrangle wrote:
             | You can measure. Buy an AQI meter. But I recommend buying
             | an air filter with an AQI meter attached, as when you see
             | what the supposedly negligible amount of smoke is actually
             | doing to your air quality you are going to want the former.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Wood with radon.
         | 
         | A radon meter is a useful thing to have a home. And a moisture
         | meter.
        
           | mcpackieh wrote:
           | Radon's most stable isotope has a half life of only a few
           | day, so if there's radon in the wood there must also be
           | uranium or thorium in the wood to create that radon, and that
           | must have come from the soil. Not impossible I guess, but I
           | think if trees in your area have that much uranium/thorium in
           | them, your primary concern would be radon coming up through
           | the ground into your house.
           | 
           | If there's a correlation between burning wood and radon
           | related health issues, I suspect it's not because of radon
           | coming from the wood but rather smoke from the wood making
           | residents particularly susceptible to injury from radon
           | coming up from the ground. Such an effect is known to exist
           | with tobacco smoke at least.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | 29athrowaway wrote:
             | I am no scientist but I know radon is bad, and it comes
             | from underground.
             | 
             | Underground water can contain radon, and it is an issue
             | when it comes to wells and houses. Trees can suck that
             | radon and when you burn wood a radon meter shows an
             | increase.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | A tree could suck up water containing radon, but after
               | you cut down the tree and let it dry under a shed for a
               | few weeks that radon will be gone. It will have all
               | decayed away because the half life is only 3.8 days. For
               | firewood to still contain radon a few weeks after the
               | tree was cut down, it must have a fairly substantial
               | amount of uranium or thorium in it (constantly producing
               | new radon.)
        
               | 29athrowaway wrote:
               | Insighful, thanks. Then my radon meter must have been
               | affected by something else.
        
         | thelastparadise wrote:
         | Not all.
         | 
         | I grew up in a house that used wood as its primary means of
         | heat (and two smoking parents but they smoked outside
         | exclusively).
         | 
         | These days I live in a house primarily heated by a heat pump
         | (in a region where it does get below 0F on a normal winter),
         | but it has a wood stove.
         | 
         | I can't imagine a woodstove setup that doesn't leak some level
         | of particulate to the inside. No matter what, you can tell
         | there's wood burning inside. It is a pleasant smell (burning
         | white/red oak), but probably not good for health.
         | 
         | So even though I grew up with a wood stove burning all winter
         | every winter and have one now, I seriously appreciate the heat
         | pump as a clean and efficient means of heat for 90% of the
         | season.
         | 
         | To me, wood is a great emergency form of heat as we have plenty
         | of deadfall where we live. But I would bot recommend it
         | otherwise.
         | 
         | And don't get me started on firewood processing...
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | If you can smell it, then is spreading through the room.
         | There's no rule of airflow which says air only flows upwards.
         | 
         | And once you can smell smoke the particulate levels are
         | generally very high
        
         | mrangle wrote:
         | Even a small amount of smoke represents a thick concentration
         | of particulate.
        
         | 2devnull wrote:
         | People with stoves live around other people with stoves. The
         | air inside houses comes from somewhere. :) they hint at this in
         | the study somewhere.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | Lighting the fireplace causes some smoke to drift into the
         | room, before the fire is hot/large enough to cause a strong
         | draft.
         | 
         | There are also some times when the wood is a dud and takes a
         | long time to start.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | Specifically until the chimney is hot enough. You can speed
           | up the process though by using a fresh air intake for the
           | stove rather than it using the air in the house.
        
       | jskrablin wrote:
       | I heat my house with a wood burning enclosed fireplace connected
       | to an external air supply. Any other heating solution is kind of
       | the less optimal choice when you own wood supply chain (forest
       | and some tools to prepare wood for heating).
       | 
       | But yeah all those planet saving heat pumps need some advertising
       | anyway.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | Outdoor wood boiler. It keeps the wood mess and smoke outside.
         | Plus you can either stack wood near it or use equipment to move
         | it in bulk, rather than carrying wood inside by hand and re-
         | stacking. They got a bad rap because of poor efficiency (the
         | first generation was essentially a barrel inside a barrel) and
         | people's tendency to burn trash in them, but newer models are
         | two stage gasifiers just like modern wood stoves.
         | 
         | Although honestly I kind of still want a heat pump for the
         | shoulder seasons and the times I'm away.
        
       | Eumenes wrote:
       | Burn wood for many years and couldn't care less about these
       | studies. If you're burning dry wood with a clean chimney and
       | insure your seals are good, you're fine. There has been renewed
       | interest by climate warriors to ban wood stoves (they love to
       | cite women and children being "most at risk", the emotional
       | argument must be present to change hearts and minds). Ironic,
       | given it's mostly poor and working class people burning wood.
       | Must be a big push by heat pump and geothermal industries to get
       | rid of wood stoves in the name of "public health". Despite urban
       | populations living with AQI magnitudes higher than rural
       | populations who use these heating sources.
        
         | abid786 wrote:
         | The science speaks for itself, but to a climate skeptic that
         | might not be true.
        
           | Eumenes wrote:
           | The "science" has no mentions of the stove itself, the wood
           | used, how the wood was dried, the physical setup where the
           | stove is being used, they also lumped in "fireplaces" which
           | imo, negates the entire study, because those are open to the
           | air. I'm not about to throw away 500k+ years of human history
           | of burning wood because a few graduate students produced a
           | paper.
        
             | FreeFlyFreeFall wrote:
             | Good points. I do think economical geothermal AC shouldn't
             | be too difficult in many places, but money has a way of
             | influencing things; look at the septic industry horror
             | stories. I'm curious about how urban vs rural AQIs look for
             | different areas. It does seem more and more like climate
             | control is used to control people through moral and
             | consequently legal claims, and some whistleblowers seem to
             | support that idea. Any skepticism is labeled "conspiracy
             | theory".
             | 
             | Also mentioned here, modern double and triple burning
             | stoves are much more efficient, and catalytic combustor
             | stoves leave almost nothing but CO2 and water vapor coming
             | out of the flue pipe. At least for stoves and enclosed
             | fireplaces, if temporary smoke from an initial burn is
             | still a concern, then I'm sure a separate pipe with a fan
             | could be set up to draw air through the flue until a
             | thermometer reaches a certain temperature. A fresh air
             | intake should eliminate smoke leakage during startup. A
             | strong flame used to start the fire, and a draft can also
             | reduce the total smoke produced during this process.
             | Alternative formats like rocket mass heaters may help with
             | this as well.
             | 
             | Rather than draw attention to a real danger, encourage
             | education, and distribution of better technology to help
             | people burn a renewable resource safely, some would rather
             | ban a medium that supports the survival of the poor
             | completely. And some here would condemn all wood burners as
             | ignorant archaic people who poison everyone around them and
             | are too unintelligent to realize it. Sam Harris's post,
             | (https://www.samharris.org/blog/the-fireplace-delusion)
             | also has this air of incredulity that anyone would burn
             | wood since science shows that it produces harmful
             | byproducts. He seems to fail to realize that wood can burn
             | cleanly, and suggests that we burn gas, which we know also
             | often produces harmful levels of benzene; he suggests that
             | we burn nothing at all, while even the electricity we use
             | comes from coal burning, and alternative "green power"
             | still has a large carbon footprint at this point, no?
             | Geothermal seems good, since building underground is hard
             | and often causes issues with radon, but how do we make more
             | heat when geothermal isn't enough? And how do we move
             | forward knowing that industry often influences studies? He
             | writes, "The unhappy truth about burning wood has been
             | scientifically established to a moral certainty". This is
             | yet another "scientist" saying, "The science is settled."
             | Unfortunately for him and climate alarmists, no it hasn't
             | been, and posturing himself as correct because he believes
             | in "scientific rationality" while simultaneously missing
             | simple solutions to simple problems seems typical for him.
             | That said, I do think sharing this info with communities
             | who burn wood inefficiently is a good idea, and I see why
             | their arguments about tradition and it being natural are
             | criticized. He seems to see no exception to this
             | "traditional" attitude among those who burn wood. If these
             | communities don't care about inefficient burning, and
             | aren't regulated, move away; stay mobile. Alternatively,
             | perhaps using an air filter with a high MERV rating helps.
             | 
             | Why ban a viable, renewable heat source that can be used to
             | teach people valuable lessons? So that they can become
             | dependent on wind turbines, such as the ones that froze in
             | Texas a year or two ago, leading to the deaths of many who
             | were wholly dependent on electric heat? I'd rather breath
             | some smoke than freeze to death anyway; banning wood
             | burning is worse than imposing regulations to make it
             | almost completely safe, and seeing conclusive opinions
             | before people consider alternative burning systems concerns
             | me, especially when the alternatives posed are often just
             | as dangerous. The most important thing is educating people
             | though. When they know why a safety regulation exists,
             | they're much less likely to hate it and disobey it, as long
             | as it doesn't restrict alternatives and freedoms that it
             | shouldn't.
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | There should be no smoke coming out from a modern stove or
       | fireplace. They are enclosed, take air mostly from outside and
       | blow their exhaust into the sky.
       | 
       | Of course some smoke can come inside from the windows or aeration
       | holes.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | So why do you smell them at street level if the smoke is blown
         | into the sky.
        
       | inglor_cz wrote:
       | I understand that smoke is noxious, but I am still somewhat
       | bewildered by the lack of corroborating historical data.
       | 
       | My own grandparents grew up in fairly modest rural settings,
       | where burning wood was literally the only way not to freeze (I am
       | talking about the 1930s here). At least one of their native
       | villages was located in a tight valley where smoke tends to stay.
       | 
       | But lung disease wasn't that much of a problem among them and
       | their neighbors. People typically died of heart attacks, strokes
       | etc., or lived to be fairly old. (Two of my four grandparents
       | made it to 90.)
       | 
       | I would expect a much more prominent data peak there. With other
       | toxic substances, we often have it. With asbestos, even ancient
       | Romans knew that slaves who mined asbestos died early of some
       | weird lung disease etc.; the ancients lacked equipment, but were
       | often good observers anyway.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | Half the comments here are just providing an implementation of
       | the fizzbuzz instead of addressing the article's point.
       | 
       | https://www.samharris.org/blog/the-fireplace-delusion
       | 
       | > _Once they have exited your chimney, the toxic gases (e.g.
       | benzene) and particles that make up smoke freely pass back into
       | your home and into the homes of others. (Research shows that
       | nearly 70 percent of chimney smoke reenters nearby buildings.)
       | Children who live in homes with active fireplaces or woodstoves,
       | or in areas where wood burning is common, suffer a higher
       | incidence of asthma, cough, bronchitis, nocturnal awakening, and
       | compromised lung function. Among adults, wood burning is
       | associated with more-frequent emergency room visits and hospital
       | admissions for respiratory illness, along with increased
       | mortality from heart attacks. The inhalation of wood smoke, even
       | at relatively low levels, alters pulmonary immune function,
       | leading to a greater susceptibility to colds, flus, and other
       | respiratory infections. All these effects are borne
       | disproportionately by children and the elderly._
        
         | gardenhedge wrote:
         | Link to the fizzbuzz implementation answers?
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | It's one of the most dismissive assertions I've seen on HN to
           | date. The comment would have been much better without it, or
           | simply rephrased as "To the point: ..."
        
             | tempaccount420 wrote:
             | It's pretty funny and reflects the unfortunate state of
             | culture at the current point in time.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | Scientifically this has been proven quite well, and people who
         | aren't dumb notice as much - posh-er neighborhoods have
         | _terrible_ air quality in fall /winter evenings because they
         | all fire up their cozy fireplaces. If you can smell it on the
         | street... well, that's ground level. Open windows and
         | ventilation inlets are higher up and more affected.
         | 
         | The thing is more that people don't want to hear it, like at
         | all. These fireplaces are a big status symbol _and_ considered
         | totally green and environment-friendly because it 's wood,
         | right, so it's renewable, so has to be good. That they have no
         | filters and terrible firing, resulting in exhaust that would
         | make an 80s diesel tractor blush in shame, nobody cares. It's
         | natural, so it's eco, so it's green, so it's good and it's
         | cozy. _So fuck off._
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | FWIW I think the eco intuition is not very _durable_. I can't
           | imagine people holding onto that when confronted, rather it's
           | just something people don't consider without it being brought
           | up.
           | 
           | But the coziness, positive emotional affiliation is
           | definitely hard to overcome. Especially since it's pretty
           | much the smell and sound of bad burning itself that is so
           | desirable.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | > _I can't imagine people holding onto that when
             | confronted_
             | 
             | Try it sometime and be surprised! People round up a bunch
             | of common retorts: the smoke goes up, it smells good, it's
             | an old tradition, thousands of years, etc.
             | 
             | People think that smoke isn't that bad for you if it
             | doesn't make you cough, because it doesn't feel bad in the
             | lungs.
             | 
             | The fireplace delusion taught me a lot about myself and my
             | own mind, and humans in general. We fucking LOVE to fool
             | ourselves into rationalizing our own preferences.
        
               | ethanbond wrote:
               | No I am agreeing with you. I'm saying that the issue is
               | not that they refuse to believe it's bad when explained,
               | it's that even when they're convinced it's bad, they "net
               | out" to keeping them due to all the positive affiliations
               | _despite_ believing the harms.
        
         | cableshaft wrote:
         | > The inhalation of wood smoke, even at relatively low levels,
         | alters pulmonary immune function, leading to a greater
         | susceptibility to colds, flus, and other respiratory
         | infections.
         | 
         | Well that put a damper on my desire to attend a bonfire later
         | this month.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _Once they have exited your chimney, the toxic gases (e.g.
         | benzene) and particles that make up smoke_
         | 
         | Keep in mind that modern wood stoves have catalytic combustors
         | that burn the wood, then the smoke, then usually the smoke
         | again.
         | 
         | They extract vastly more heat from the wood, and they emit
         | vastly less toxic gasses out the stovepipe.
         | 
         | Also note they are legally required in many, many places now.
         | 
         | (Older stoves and fireplaces are grandfathered in, but you
         | can't install a new "old" stove in many towns around the world)
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Heating with wood is also carbon-neutral.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | Only if you replant the trees.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | This may come as a shock to you but trees do, in fact,
               | replant themselves just fine without human intervention.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | Ya, the realistic alternative to carbon-neutral wood
             | burning is carbon-intensive natural gas burning... How is
             | that better?
        
               | KeplerBoy wrote:
               | Have you not heard of heat-pumps? I know they won't work
               | according to old wive tales, but they actually do.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | I'm not arguing that they don't work, but the "realistic"
               | alternative is that people will still mostly use natural
               | gas if they end up stopping wood-burning. Heat Pumps are
               | also still using a mostly-fossil-fuel grid at times where
               | there's the least solar and the grid is most carbon-
               | intensive. Thus, wood burning is still the only carbon-
               | neutral option. I'd still rather see heat pumps on a
               | fully renewable grid, but we should have less carbon
               | emissions getting there.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | yes I'm mainly complaining about grandfathered in stoves, or
           | such which are incorrectly installed maintained
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | > Half the comments here are just providing an implementation
         | of the fizzbuzz instead of addressing the article's point.
         | 
         | Are you saying this as an indictment of the commenters or in
         | praise of the progress we've made here at HN?
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | People struggle to change their behavior when confronted with
         | data suggesting something they love is measurably worse for
         | them
         | 
         | In my experience, we decide to just ignore the information and
         | find other reasons to give higher weight to benefits, in order
         | to resolve the cognitive dissonance without requiring a change
         | of behavior
         | 
         | Add up enough of these cognitive dissonances and you find
         | yourself living in a fantasy land where sugar is "fun!" and
         | burning wood indoors is "cozy."
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | > and into the homes of others.
         | 
         | I really wish indoor wood burning, especially if not used for
         | heating but luxury, would be banned at least in cities
         | 
         | like wtf. is it legal to harass your neighbors with smell and
         | toxic fumes every day just because you want to feel a bit comfy
         | (to clarify: I mean comfy by having a fancy looking fire place
         | you use additional to your normal heating system because you
         | like how it looks)
         | 
         | sure there are countries and areas in countries where for
         | various sociology economical reasons banning it isn't
         | acceptable at all and should not be done
         | 
         | but a ~4 million city where one of the _most costly ways to
         | heat_ is by burning wood logs it's a bit of a different story
         | ;)
         | 
         | and I know some parts of the city are poor and use very old
         | ovens, but funnily they have less of an smell issue (I can't
         | judge the toxicity) because they tend to burn preprocessed
         | pellets for heating instead of not necessary well suited or
         | fully dry wood for the looks
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | _I really wish indoor wood burning, especially if not used
           | for heating but luxury, would be banned at least in cities_
           | 
           | It doesn't need to be banned, it just needs stringent
           | regulations to limit the particulate emissions. You can buy
           | wood stoves today that emit less than half a gram per hour
           | (0.5g/hr) of PM2.5 particulates. These modern wood stoves are
           | also very efficient and beautiful to look at, so they provide
           | a bit of luxury to go with their heating performance.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | The problem with filters is they have a lower limit. PM2.5
             | cuts out much of the smell, but none of the carcinogenicity
             | (PM0.1 or so). The only filter that really works is a
             | sealed cap. Burning biomatter is just not worth the health
             | impact or the cost and effort to mitigate. It's like
             | capturing CO2: a stupid idea.
        
             | philips wrote:
             | The testing of many wood stoves was called into question a
             | few years ago. https://energynews.us/2021/03/18/report-
             | finds-systemic-failu...
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | > very old ovens
           | 
           | it's kinda fascinating, some of this ovens are older then 70
           | years, some where build in when this houses where build ~120
           | years ago (but update)
           | 
           | they also are all health hazards as in you manually have to
           | control the exhausts when starting them and if you mess that
           | up (e.g. fall asleep) CO will leak into you apartment and
           | might silently kill you ....
        
           | antisthenes wrote:
           | While we're doing that, can we please also ban 2-stroke
           | engines used for landscaping.
           | 
           | The gasoline fumes mixed with small particles that get kicked
           | up are absolutely noxious and can't possibly be good for you.
           | 
           | This is especially egregious in dense suburban areas, where
           | there's landscaping going on _every_ single day of the
           | growing season.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | > While we're doing that, can we please also ban 2-stroke
             | engines used for landscaping.
             | 
             | Why only for landscaping? These fucks need to be banned,
             | period. It was a huge mistake to ban them in vehicles while
             | grandfathering all the old crap in. Unfortunately mechanics
             | keep decade-old two-stroke junk alive, and spare parts
             | aren't even banned.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | 3-cheese-sundae wrote:
               | How exactly would you propose spare parts get banned?
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Spare parts are manufactured and supplied into channels.
               | 
               | If you ban that, inventory eventually depletes, and
               | people shift to alternatives.
               | 
               | Similar to freon.
               | 
               | I would maintain a carve-out for chainsaws. Low use,
               | specialty requirements, and electric alternatives can't
               | replicate.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | > _Spare parts are manufactured and supplied into
               | channels. If you ban that [...]_
               | 
               | Easier said than done. You'd need to impose BATFE-style
               | regulations and measures. You're talking about arresting
               | people for selling partially manufactured parts, parts
               | which they claim are actually for other things, plans for
               | parts paired with uncut sheet metal, etc. Is a clutch
               | illegal to manufacture if it happens to fit on some model
               | of two-stroke motor, even though it could also be used
               | for other things? Have fun getting tangled up in these
               | weeds. And the only way you'd stand a chance of enforcing
               | this is by threatening people with many years in prison
               | for what are non-violent crimes.
               | 
               | People tolerate this sort of thing in the case of the
               | BATFE because nobody really _needs_ a machine gun, very
               | few people have one in the first place, there 's little
               | parts commonality with other machines and because machine
               | guns kill people in very visceral and obvious ways. But
               | with two-stroke motors you have a whole ton of people who
               | use these machines to save on huge amounts of labor
               | (you're fucking with the way they put food on their table
               | and pay rent, not just their fun at a gun range) and the
               | alternatives are subpar. You exempt chainsaws from this,
               | but that merely reflects what _you_ are personally
               | familiar with and consider reasonable. And _even if_ the
               | alternatives weren 't subpar, you'd still be asking
               | people to purchase new expensive machines instead of
               | performing cheap repairs on machines they already own.
               | Point is, the incentive and willingness to skirt two-
               | stroke spare part bans would be much higher than with
               | machine guns. Your bans would fail without extremely
               | draconian enforcement.
        
               | Groxx wrote:
               | If you're aiming for perfection, sure.
               | 
               | Two stroke engine parts don't have a massive legally
               | protected cult following like guns, nor are they high-
               | cost many-times-repeated consumables like drugs. They're
               | closer to antiques - some will collect them, most won't
               | bother if they're not available.
               | 
               | Ban it and you'll stop major places from selling it, and
               | minor places from widely advertising they have it. You
               | won't stop anyone dead-set on continuing to do so, but
               | you will stop most people because the cost will be higher
               | and it'll be much harder to find.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | If you're not shooting for perfectionism and won't bother
               | to enforce a spar parts ban, then why propose a spare
               | parts ban in the first place? Just ban the
               | production/sale of new two-stroke machines, not the spare
               | parts. As old machines wear the cost and effort of
               | keeping them in service will eventually exceed the
               | activation energy for buying a new machine. An unenforced
               | ban of spare parts would accomplish nothing productive;
               | it would waste your political capital and train a new
               | group of people to have contemptuous disregard for laws.
               | 
               | With respect to the antique analogy, you have it
               | completely backwards. Antiques are things which have
               | outlasted their practical usefulness but are kept around
               | anyway because people have some nostalgic or aesthetic
               | affinity for them. Machine guns fall into this category;
               | they are essentially fetishes (in the traditional
               | nonsexual sense of the word). Virtually nobody is earning
               | their living with machine guns. Two stroke motors on the
               | other hand are in active use by thousands if not millions
               | of people to earn a living. If they were in fact
               | antiques, then they wouldn't be a problem in the first
               | place because antiques aren't put to use. If you banned
               | new production of two-stroke machines, the ones that
               | already exist would gradually become antiques despite the
               | existence of legal spare parts, and eventually the only
               | people keeping them in running order would be the antique
               | geeks who own it because they like it, not because they
               | earn a living with it. The people who are actively
               | earning a living with two stroke motors today are the
               | people you [should] have a gripe with, the lawn care guys
               | who run two-stroke leaf blowers in your neighborhood
               | aren't antique collectors doing it for fun, they're guys
               | trying to feed their children.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | iancmceachern wrote:
             | California just did this
        
               | imoverclocked wrote:
               | Yeah, but my Stihl MS880 is still legal here in
               | California... and likely will be for some time. Good luck
               | getting a usable, heavy-duty chainsaw to work on any tech
               | besides a two-stroke motor of some kind.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | What's the barrier to making a li-ion powered electric
               | and "usable heavy-duty chainsaw"?
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Are you using heavy-duty chainsaw for urban landscaping?
        
           | wannacboatmovie wrote:
           | Meanwhile Seattle is under a perpetual cloud of choking smoke
           | for like 2 months out of every year because WA and Canada are
           | incompetent when it comes to forest management, and the best
           | people can do to pretend to care is tell you to rubber band a
           | furnace filter to a box fan and wear N95 masks to work.
           | 
           | Banning wood stoves is like banning plastic bags. It's a
           | superficial, empty gesture that is a drop in the bucket that
           | makes no meaningful impact.
           | 
           | I'll continue to heat my cabin with wood, thank you.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > like wtf. is it legal to harass your neighbors with smell
           | and toxic fumes every day
           | 
           | You say harass, I say enhance. I love when I can smell a
           | neighbor burning wood, it's one of the best things in the
           | world. And therein lies the reason why your wish isn't going
           | to come to pass any time soon: we don't all agree that the
           | thing you want to ban is bad.
        
             | throwbadubadu wrote:
             | Strange, I just hate it.. I'm fine with loud parties, your
             | loud stupid music, don't care how you run your garden, but
             | nothing is more hatable than someone harassing me with
             | smoke or other headache creating smells, and going for my
             | health. I go into kind of half nature, to enjoy the fresh
             | air, and then there is someone making a fire out of some
             | mix of pure laziness, ignorance, unnecessity and pyromania,
             | despite it being also illegal here.
             | 
             | I mean a good campfire is hot, doesn't produce much smoke,
             | goes quick up and high, usually not that smelly, ok who
             | needs it.. (though we even these are quite toxic, so please
             | a reasonable romantic evening campfire, and not a 5 hour
             | bonfire on a hot and sunny day?) But unfortunately it is
             | always not just that, but I need to smell a lot of
             | carcinogenic smoke, green waste smell, or even worse
             | plastic or other garbage smell, my cloyhes stink, my
             | furniture stinks.. and we are also just past the time to
             | just burn stuff.
             | 
             | (Noone here does this out of poorness bte.)
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I burn all my yard waste as my locality has regulated all
               | other means of disposal to the point of it being time-
               | and cost-prohibitive.
               | 
               | I pile it up and have a bonfire a few times a year.
        
               | jemmyw wrote:
               | They've regulated chipping mulching and composting?
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | No, but I don't own a wood chipper, and renting one is
               | costly and time-consuming.
        
               | yread wrote:
               | wtf, where do you live so I can avoid it?
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | If some people get coughing fits from it it really stops
             | mattering weather you like it or not.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | The PM2.5 not only gets in your lungs, it enters your
             | bloodstream and gets everywhere including your brain. Peter
             | Attia MD says there is no doubt it will shorten lifespan
             | and healthspan.
             | 
             | >your wish isn't going to come to pass any time soon
             | 
             | It is coming to pass: for example, in the Bay Area,
             | woodstoves and fireplaces have been banned in new
             | construction since 2005.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | If Peter Attia says it, it must be true.
        
             | philjohn wrote:
             | Big disagree there - it exacerbates Asthma in sufferers,
             | that alone makes it bad.
        
           | kiliantics wrote:
           | > like wtf. is it legal to harass your neighbors with smell
           | and toxic fumes every day just because you want to feel a bit
           | comfy
           | 
           | Same can be said for car use. Majority of trips are a few
           | miles and could be done by bike or replaced with transit.
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Only if you live in urban areas where you don't have to
             | wait longer than 15 minutes for the bus to come, and, most
             | importantly, where it is safe (especially for women) to
             | take said bus late in the evening/at night. I hope that
             | that recent and horrific stabbing in NYC made many people
             | aware of the security aspect.
        
               | dathinab wrote:
               | so if you life in any arbitrary urban area in most of the
               | EU
               | 
               | because then you often don't even need to take the bus
               | due to places you need to go to (e.g. super market) and
               | places you come from (e.g. home) being much more
               | intermixed/closer to each other
               | 
               | e.g. for me places to buy food, medicine, a doctor,
               | dentist, fast food, train, bus, package station, kiosk,
               | bakery, restaurant, cafe, a park like thing all in ~8min
               | walking distance and I'm somewhat at the outer are of the
               | city
               | 
               | still if you have disabilities and can't properly walk
               | 8min you still need a car
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I'm saying that, as a man, if you have to wait for your
               | SO at the bus/train station late in the evening when she
               | comes back from work then maybe public transport is not
               | for everyone, in this case for almost 50% of the
               | population (i.e. women). Been there, done that.
               | 
               | If you live in an European big city where this problem
               | doesn't exist, where women have no problem and especially
               | no fear to use public transport late in the evening all
               | by themselves, then consider yourself (and your SO)
               | lucky.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | If we care about the climate and want to spend money on it,
           | subsidizing cleaner tech for those countries that need it
           | seems like a great way to start, because even if you don't
           | believe in climate change you're still preventing poverty and
           | unhealthy air for people.
           | 
           | I don't think it should be banned entirely though, that seems
           | a bit extreme and likely to stir up controversy, even though
           | it sure would be nice to have less smoke.
           | 
           | I don't quite get the appeal of indoor fires, most houses are
           | so warm all winter I wouldn't want any more heat, but outdoor
           | bonfires are a nice tradition, as long as they're not
           | happening enough to kill people with fumes.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | COPD from fire is a real thing.
         | 
         | I recall seeing some studies about indoor natural gas stoves
         | not being the greatest either.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | samharris.org: _an example of secular intransigence_
         | 
         | "And I say this to Kai "Look: We'll shape the handle By
         | checking the handle Of the axe we cut with--" And he sees."
         | 
         | https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/57150/axe-handles
        
       | robg wrote:
       | It's amazing to me that active air exchanges for filtering and
       | even humidity are not well optimized as part of modern housing
       | HVAC. Is it costs or simply system integrations?
       | 
       | For instance, another big indoor pollutant is cooking fumes, from
       | both the heat source and to cook, carmelize, burn, etc - the food
       | and vapors of changing temperatures. The range hood required by
       | fire codes to stove sizes is not turning on automatically with
       | pollutant detection.
        
       | zapdrive wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Have they examined if it is the wood itself; or the (possible -
       | no idea if true) accumulations of microplastics and other
       | chemicals into the wood?
       | 
       | I would not be terribly shocked if we found out that wood is more
       | dangerous to burn today than it used to be.
       | 
       | Edit: For the downvoters who think it's unlikely, consider that
       | microplastic and PFAS in rainwater has passed safe levels. What
       | do trees grow from?
       | 
       | https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a40859859/rainwater...
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Wood is already known to be cancer causing (via inhaled
         | sawdust). Smoke is not going to be any better, and the quantity
         | of microplastics trees available won't really move the needle
         | on that.
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | Can you give me some studies on that, assuming that the
           | sawdust is from straight wood and not any form of wood beam
           | which contains glues and treatments?
        
             | mrangle wrote:
             | Look up any of the mountain of studies that connects air
             | particulate, in general, to cancer.
             | 
             | If you want to argue variables for air particulate's
             | relationship to lung cancer, then more power to you.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8266936/
             | 
             | Money quote from the abstract:
             | 
             | "The strongest association of exposure to wood dust and
             | development of nasal cancer is observed in those
             | occupations where workers are exposed to hard wood dust and
             | chemical additives are not used."
             | 
             | Note that the strongest association is when chemicals are
             | NOT used - I suspect this might be more due to how people
             | work the wood (less likely to sand particles board, more
             | likely to wear protective gear) than the nature of the
             | chemicals themselves.
             | 
             | It does go on to say that various respiratory cancers are
             | from both untreated and treated wood sawdust, but wood
             | alone is well known to cause cancer.
        
         | zorrotorro wrote:
         | Legit interesting question.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Definitely possible IMO! Seems like it would be surprising tho
         | - consider the disparities in volume. I think the boring answer
         | is that breathing smoke is dangerous, despite the occult and
         | ambience benefits of a hearth ;(                 it forms
         | minute bits of plastic that are tinier than 5 millimeters long.
         | Their size means they end up everywhere, even in our blood,
         | where they range in size between 700 nanometers and 5,000
         | nanometers.
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | the ways you can (short term) kill yourself by doing indoor wood
       | (or pallet) burning wrong are quite many and even in countries
       | which relative strict regulations when it comes to chimes and
       | similar deaths by it aren't that rare
       | 
       | if something can kill you just because you used it somewhat wrong
       | it it's somewhat broken in some aspect of ventilation you
       | probably should assume that even a more correct long term usage
       | might have a good chance to have serve long term negative health
       | effects
        
       | hmottestad wrote:
       | In Norway it's very normal to have a stove and burn wood pretty
       | much every day in the winter season. Open fireplaces are rather
       | uncommon though, essentially because they produce a lot of smoke
       | and very little heat.
       | 
       | I hope they do a follow up study that separates fireplace and
       | stove.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Woodsmoke re-enters buildings within a 500-1000 meter radius of
         | the fire.
         | 
         | Burning wood is a very bad idea. It smells nice and we like it,
         | but it is positively terrible for our health and should not be
         | done.
         | 
         | Traditions, however, are strong.
        
           | amdolan wrote:
           | Properly operating a wood burning stove will release very
           | little smoke. This is where the center stone is in the range
           | of approx 300-600F (100-300C). The chimney will produce clear
           | heat and there is no detectable smell when standing outside.
           | Much different result than a fireplace.
           | 
           | It's referred to as double combustion, or secondary
           | combustion.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | You often will not smell small particulate. In addition the
             | problem here is that the stove has to be operated correctly
             | and in good condition which, unfortunately, is not
             | something you can rely on.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | Is there any reason to believe that they are properly
             | operated?
        
         | ksimukka wrote:
         | You might be interested in: https://www.fhi.no/en/cl/air-
         | pollution/wood-burning/
         | 
         | I don't remember the exact details, but the Oslo municipality
         | has a program that will provide home owners a grant to replace
         | their inefficient wood stoves.
         | 
         | Statistics Norway might have some interesting data on how many
         | households burn wood.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Interesting, women lung cancer rate in Norway seems to be
         | slightly higher than most of the Europe bu significantly lower
         | in male population: https://canceratlas.cancer.org/the-
         | burden/lung-cancer/
        
           | hmottestad wrote:
           | That is very interesting. Seems to be the case for all the
           | nordic countries. Sweden stands out a bit more than Norway
           | though, they actually have a higher lung cancer rate for
           | women than for men.
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | I run a wood stove all winter long and some years never turn on
       | the central heat. I wonder how much of the extra risk is offset
       | by                 * lower fire risk from burning the fuel
       | surrounding my house for the last few years.       * more
       | exercise from cutting, splitting and hauling wood       * an air
       | purifier running next to the wood stove all winter       * about
       | ~$1,200 per year saved on fuel       * more open windows during
       | the day during the winter due to cheaper fuel costs.
       | 
       | That might not fully compensate for the extra lung cancer risk
       | but it might be significant.
       | 
       | Also since heat is cheaper this way, I heat my house more and am
       | more comfortable all winter. This doesn't seem like it would
       | offset the health risks, but it is a hedonic compensation.
        
         | natdempk wrote:
         | You could do (most of) the good things from the above and not
         | have the wood burning stove. I think this is kind of a false
         | dilemma. :)
        
       | belval wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | __alexs wrote:
         | Do you often find a burning desire to just make shit up?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | It's cancerous.
        
         | 9991 wrote:
         | Good lord, dude, the study is right there.
        
         | mtVessel wrote:
         | This was a study of US residents.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | This study focuses on the US.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | s3krit wrote:
       | In the UK recently, there has been a designation of 'smoke-free'
       | areas, specifically as a result of research done on the harm to
       | health caused by PM2.5 particulates. It's become quite popular
       | for middle-class homes to fit multifuel stoves (i.e., wood, coal,
       | whatever) in order to heat the main room of their house. Largely
       | because they look nice but there is some argument to be made that
       | with the cost of living increasing, especially around energy,
       | that it is somewhat economical to do so - particularly if you
       | have access to free/foraged wood. The idea is you can still use
       | these stoves so long as the fuel you are burning is considered
       | 'smokeless', which in reality isn't actually smokeless but refers
       | to wood that has a moisture content between 15-20%, as well as a
       | number of commercially-available fuels you can buy from large
       | hardware stores like B&Q and some supermarkets.
       | 
       | Another development that personally affects me is that local
       | councils are now able to start enforcing this 'smoke-free' thing
       | on owners of narrowboats[1]. For those that don't know, the UK
       | has a 2000 mile network of inland canals on which thousands of us
       | live, in canal barges of about 7ft beam. In the winter, a lot of
       | these boats' primary method of heating our homes is using
       | multifuel stoves. It's an itinerant lifestyle that can be hard at
       | times but incredibly freeing and requires one to live somewhat
       | more in tune with the seasons. A lot of boaters don't have a ton
       | of money and _primarily_ fuel our stoves with foraged wood at
       | varying levels of seasoning (the process of drying wood to reduce
       | moisture content and make it burn better and cleaner). For
       | instance, this year I got a knock on the roof of my boat by a
       | tree surgeon, informing me we needed to move our boat as they had
       | to chop down an ash tree that had succumbed to ash dieback [2]. I
       | asked if I could take some of the wood and he said no problem,
       | saves them a bit of work getting rid of it. And that 's now my
       | wood for the winter. We are, of course, aware of the health
       | hazards of groups of boats burning not the best wood, but a large
       | percentage of live-aboard boaters really don't have any other
       | option.
       | 
       | Sorry, not particularly relevant to the article posted but I
       | thought it worth mentioning that there are cases where not
       | burning things to stay warm in winter is not an option for some
       | groups of people.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrowboat
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoscyphus_fraxineus
        
       | trappist wrote:
       | I'm not seeing any attempt here to control for obvious
       | confounders such as the relationship between this exposure and
       | the climate you live in.
       | 
       | I think I'm also not a fan of the (editorialized) verb (implies
       | causality) used in this headline, for a purely observational
       | study.
        
         | FreeFlyFreeFall wrote:
         | "...confounders such as the relationship between this exposure
         | and the climate you live in."
         | 
         | I'm not sure what this is suggesting, and I'm curious.
        
       | 2devnull wrote:
       | So if I'm reading this right, for never smokers who lived in a
       | house that used a woodstove between 1-29 days of the year have
       | the same risk as smokers who used one everyday if the year?
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | If you mean the summary in the abstract, they report three
         | hazard ratios:
         | 
         | 1. Women reporting more than 30 days of fireplace use per year
         | (smokers and nonsmokers both included) had 68% more lung cancer
         | than women reporting that their home didn't contain a fireplace
         | (again, smokers and nonsmokers both included).
         | 
         | 2. Non-smoking women reporting more than 30 days of fireplace
         | use per year had 99% more lung cancer than non-smoking women
         | reporting that their home didn't contain a fireplace.
         | 
         | 3. Non-smoking women reporting 1-29 days of fireplace use per
         | year had 64% more lung cancer than non-smoking women reporting
         | that their home didn't contain a fireplace.
         | 
         | Not actually reported, but present by overwhelmingly strong
         | implication:
         | 
         | 1b. Women (without regard to ever-smoker status) reporting 1-29
         | days of fireplace use per year had no significant increase in
         | lung cancer compared to women reporting that they didn't even
         | have a fireplace. (Or else the results summary would have noted
         | that they did.)
         | 
         | These are funny numbers with suspicious lacunae in the
         | reporting of results. I'm not inclined to take them very
         | seriously. At the same time, it is undoubtedly true that
         | inhaling smoke is bad for you.
         | 
         | The study terminology always treats wood-burning stoves and
         | fireplaces as equivalent. I would estimate that of the fixtures
         | in the USA that are either wood-burning stoves or fireplaces,
         | approximately 100% are fireplaces. This makes the study
         | worthless if you want to draw conclusions about stoves, but OK
         | for fireplaces. On the other hand, it doesn't really matter
         | that the study won't let you draw conclusions about stoves,
         | because there would be no point in having such conclusions.
        
         | elephanlemon wrote:
         | I wonder what the risk level is for people that regularly sit
         | around campfires.
        
           | lacrimacida wrote:
           | Yes, am wondering the same. Recently went camping and the
           | fire was lit for effects as we cooked food on mini/portable
           | stoves. It's horrible I'd say, the smoke is thick, gets into
           | everything but all I got is go with the program, it keeps the
           | mosquitoes away and it's charming. I wonder how long till
           | this culture gets a reality check...
        
           | 2devnull wrote:
           | People like to "bbq." It's like cancer as a hobby.
        
             | mcpackieh wrote:
             | Does that seem unusual or alarming to you? Lots of fun and
             | enjoyable things have tradeoffs that people willingly make.
             | There' a balance to be struck between having fun in the
             | moment and your long-term health, and most people tolerate
             | a fair bit of risk in exchange for fun. Otherwise, nobody
             | would drink alcohol, go skiing, etc.
        
               | washadjeffmad wrote:
               | People laugh at the light-proof HEPA cocoon I live in,
               | but I refuse to accept the inevitability of my death at
               | anything other than time's hands.
        
               | 2devnull wrote:
               | No it doesn't. I think my point was that people budget
               | their carcinogenic exposure in non-optimal, hard to
               | rationalize ways. Like living in places with terrible air
               | quality (California) and then being concerned about gas
               | stoves.
        
               | vore wrote:
               | It's way easier to change your gas stove than to move.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | mrangle wrote:
           | High. I never used to notice. But after paying more attention
           | to air quality in my environment, I now notice when air
           | quality is particularly bad when before I hadn't. Sitting
           | around a campfire feels like at least pack of cigarettes was
           | smoked.
        
           | dimitrios1 wrote:
           | This is why I bring a smokeless fire pit with me camping now.
           | I swear it makes a difference, but could be placebo.
        
             | treadmill wrote:
             | Which one do you use?
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | 1-29 days is... vague. However, the study also does not seem to
         | consider the much, much tighter particulate emission rules that
         | new wood stoves and similar have had to follow. The EPA has
         | tightened it every few years (I think the last one was 2015?)
         | 
         | An old wood stove is almost nothing (and I literally mean
         | almost nothing) to a modern wood stove in efficiency or air
         | cleanliness. It would almost be like if you did a study about
         | the toxicity of cars but used data from when we had leaded gas.
         | There's still a toxicity there but your results are going to be
         | a mess.
        
           | fzeroracer wrote:
           | It's still an important investigation because unfortunately
           | things are never idiot proof. For example, my parents have a
           | pellet stove and it was not uncommon for it to occasionally
           | leak, followed by my parents putting in a shoddy self-made
           | fix.
           | 
           | These kind of studies could indicate some flaw in the way
           | we're creating wood stoves, or some consumer-related failure
           | that needs to be better worked around. Or it could be that
           | consumers are just using older wood stoves. But you gotta
           | start with a baseline.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | It's a study in correlation, presuming causation.
           | 
           | Research on whether dual burning stoves that reprocess their
           | own exhaust and don't leak like old ones (the ones you're
           | referring to) or other systems could be done, but this is
           | baseline research.
           | 
           | You can use the same logic to attack the choice of fuels, or
           | species of wood, or types of seals and whether air is taken
           | from the inside or the outside of the structure, and all of
           | it would also be as valid as your argument. You could also
           | try to invalidate this for only focusing on women. But, while
           | valid arguments (as is yours), it sidesteps the purpose of
           | the study.
           | 
           | It's simply not the hypothesis of this particular study,
           | which was simply establish a correlation between the presence
           | & use of wood burning fuel in fire burning devices and lung
           | cancer incidence in women.
           | 
           | Don't throw out the bathwater with the babe.
        
       | this_steve_j wrote:
       | I'm really grateful to the HN community for bringing quality
       | research (like this study and others) to my attention.
       | 
       | If there are old habits and behaviors, like indoor fires in this
       | case, that can be easily avoided (by me) in exchange for a better
       | chance at avoiding lung cancer, I'm surely glad to have that
       | knowledge so I can avoid unwitting cozying up to a serious
       | ailment later in life.
       | 
       | There is so much anecdotal evidence around old habits but a high
       | powered study, followed by more like it, can usually be relied
       | upon.
        
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