[HN Gopher] Nobel Prize Chemistry 2023
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       Nobel Prize Chemistry 2023
        
       Author : alberto_ol
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2023-10-04 09:55 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nobelprize.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nobelprize.org)
        
       | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
       | I knew Louis Brus during my Bell Labs stint 30+ years ago and am
       | thrilled that he was recognized. Terrific human being and
       | brilliant scientist.
        
       | ChemSpider wrote:
       | Anyone knows more about this "Nanocrystals Technology Inc., New
       | York" company from Ekimov? I did a quick google search but could
       | not find anything.
        
       | sdfghswe wrote:
       | The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the
       | Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E.
       | Brus, Alexei I. Ekimov "for the discovery and synthesis of
       | quantum dots"
        
       | supergirl wrote:
       | > quantum dots are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in
       | size, having optical and electronic properties that differ from
       | those of larger particles as a result of quantum mechanical
       | effects (wikipedia)
       | 
       | why chemistry and not physics? how do they draw the line?
        
       | cushpush wrote:
       | A quantum dot is like a prism made of electrons; the sizes can be
       | adjusted so that the color emitted is different and their
       | properties of semiconducting and so on are drastically different.
       | "The discovery here is for actually purifying quantum effects to
       | actually become materials you can touch."
        
       | murphyslab wrote:
       | Nice seeing them have what appear to be actual solutions of
       | quantum dots in volumetric flasks, right on the panel's table.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpph2cHx6gk&ab_channel=Nobel...
        
         | wlesieutre wrote:
         | Link with timestamp https://youtu.be/vpph2cHx6gk?t=220
         | 
         | It's funny because it looks exactly like something you'd see in
         | a stock photo of "chemistry."
         | 
         | The usual reaction to that being "chemistry isn't flasks of
         | brightly colored liquids, what are you doing?" But in this case
         | it's finally appropriate.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | It looks like a stock photo, but colors that bright and pure
           | at room temperature is not typical of a chemistry lab! They
           | are quite lovely, IMHO, I absolutely love the spectral purity
           | and brightness.
        
             | murphyslab wrote:
             | It depends a lot on what kind of chemistry lab one works
             | in. Having worked at in fluorescence microscopy in my MSc,
             | then at Canada's Nanotechnology Research Centre & at
             | Xerox's Research Centre in Mississauga, and later working
             | with liquid crystals at TU Eindhoven I've had the joy of
             | seeing some incredible colour in the lab. There's so much
             | information which can be encoded spectroscopically, which
             | is one reason why nanoparticles make for such useful
             | probes.
        
       | elashri wrote:
       | So the leak was correct! [1]
       | 
       | But it is nice that development in quantum dots finally gets its
       | share.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/nobel-chemistry-prize-
       | winner...
        
         | DoctorOetker wrote:
         | Given that only the living qualify for a Nobel prize,
         | 
         | Given that leaks demonstrably occur,
         | 
         | Given human nature,
         | 
         | Given at most 3 can share a Nobel Prize,
         | 
         | It is not a question of "if" but "when" eventually a fourth
         | wheel scientist risks being assassinated if consideration of
         | topics for a prize leaks substantially beforehand. Perpetrators
         | could include candidates, but also nationalists (for prestige)
         | of any rank (civilians, national security employees, ...).
         | 
         | Perhaps a topic for a film school student? A bizarre cross
         | between "Don't look up" and the French film "Le couperet", with
         | elements of film noir.
         | 
         | To make it extra bizarre, have the invention be resurrection
         | technology.
         | 
         | Defensive measures the Academy could take could include last
         | minute randomized selection of the topic / breakthrough,
         | probability weighted by dubious nature of death of deceased
         | candidates. Although this risks an escalation where a candidate
         | has larger numbers of random candidates for other discoveries
         | or breakthroughs assassinated...
        
           | jldugger wrote:
           | > Given at most 3 can share a Nobel Prize,
           | 
           | Proposed title of your spy thriller novel: The Four Body
           | Problem.
        
             | isoprophlex wrote:
             | The four body problem? That's quite the mexican standoff
             | gone wrong, if all four of them manage to kill eachother.
        
               | notfried wrote:
               | It was intended as a pun of "The Three Body Problem"
               | novel, I would guess.
        
               | tigerlily wrote:
               | Four being the number of death and all...
        
       | SweetestRug wrote:
       | Very exciting, especially to see Moungi receive the Nobel. He is
       | such a hardworking, humble, and honest person.
        
         | Cyph0n wrote:
         | Tunisians all over the world are rejoicing haha. I don't know
         | if he considers himself to be Tunisian, but we're all extremely
         | proud of him nonetheless!
        
       | cobrabyte wrote:
       | Forgive my ignorance, but is it common for there to be a 30-year
       | delay in awarding Nobel Prizes after discoveries are made by
       | scientists?
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | An important consideration is that Nobel prizes are for "great
         | benefits to humankind", it usually means practical discoveries,
         | and never theoretical work.
         | 
         | The world becoming more and more complex, the time span between
         | the theoretical framework and the first experiments to the
         | realization of something genuinely useful tends to become
         | longer and longer. There are some fields where, with the time
         | to become an expert plus the time for the discovery to become
         | Nobel-worthy, it may become difficult to get a Nobel in a
         | lifetime (so, at all).
        
           | aqme28 wrote:
           | Theoretical work is still awarded, but only after
           | experimental confirmation. Penrose for example
        
         | cm2012 wrote:
         | Yes because they want to award people before they die for a
         | lifetime of work.
        
         | hn8305823 wrote:
         | From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_prize
         | 
         | > Recognition time lag
         | 
         | > Nobel's will provided for prizes to be awarded in recognition
         | of discoveries made "during the preceding year". Early on, the
         | awards usually recognised recent discoveries. However, some of
         | those early discoveries were later discredited. For example,
         | Johannes Fibiger was awarded the 1926 Prize in Physiology or
         | Medicine for his purported discovery of a parasite that caused
         | cancer. To avoid repeating this embarrassment, the awards
         | increasingly recognised scientific discoveries that had
         | withstood the test of time. According to Ralf Pettersson,
         | former chairman of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physiology or
         | Medicine, "the criterion 'the previous year' is interpreted by
         | the Nobel Assembly as the year when the full impact of the
         | discovery has become evident."
         | 
         | My own comment: Since there is a large queue of potential
         | awardees, I suspect there is a preference for older scientists
         | who might die soon since being alive is also a requirement for
         | award.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Sometimes the importance of the original discovery only becomes
         | clear over several decades. Quantum dots have been in
         | development for various technological uses for a long time but
         | there have been many breakthroughs in the past decade, e.g.
         | (2017)
         | 
         | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/quantum-dot-first-for-ca...
         | 
         | Pretty impressive stuff:
         | 
         | > "The researchers used cadmium-selenium dots 3nm in diameter
         | to seamlessly replace iridium and ruthenium catalysts in five
         | different bond forming reactions including b-alkylation and
         | b-aminoalkylation. What's more they needed orders of magnitude
         | less catalyst than conventional metal ones. 'We were pleasantly
         | surprised by the level of performance by just substituting,
         | without any optimisation, a very simple quantum dot into these
         | reactions,' says Krauss.
         | 
         | > "The dots have some other advantages: they are easy to
         | synthesise, cheap and 'you can tune the photophysical and redox
         | properties of the catalyst just by changing the dots'
         | dimension', Ceroni explains."
        
         | Laremere wrote:
         | As a sample because I can't answer your question more broadly:
         | Peter Higgs proposed the Higgs boson nearly 50 years before
         | winning the Nobel Prize. Just the theory without confirmation
         | wasn't enough. Then when the LHC detected it, he (along with an
         | LHC scientist) won the Prize basically immediately.
         | 
         | Quantum dots have an increasing relevance to display
         | technology, so it feels reasonable to look back and reward a
         | discovery which was more important than it seemed at the time.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | the delay seems to vary, perhaps by when the discovery becomes
         | widely applied?
         | 
         | Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier had a much shorter
         | delay, for example.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier
        
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