[HN Gopher] 12,000-year-old realistic human statue was unearthed
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       12,000-year-old realistic human statue was unearthed
        
       Author : khole
       Score  : 362 points
       Date   : 2023-10-01 18:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arkeonews.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arkeonews.net)
        
       | ralusek wrote:
       | Here's to another year of the word Gobeklitepe playing on repeat
       | in my head.
        
         | boffinAudio wrote:
         | If you love Goebekli Tepe, you're gonna adore Narwala
         | Gabarnmang, which is theorized to be the worlds first
         | educational institute, and which has extraordinarily
         | interesting ties to Goebekli Tepe, which is believed to be
         | paying tribute to Narwala Gabarnmang with the T-shaped pillars
         | ..
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabarnmung
         | 
         | I avidly await all news related to these sites, its an
         | immensely fascinating subject.
        
         | optimalsolver wrote:
         | Go Becky Teppy
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | What a crazy week for old things discovered this statue at
       | Gobekli Tepe and the 400,000 year-old notched lumber beams in
       | Zambia.
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66846772
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Wow, didn't see that Zambia one, that's big news to me.
         | 
         | Question - how can they prove that someone in more recent times
         | didn't notch more ancient wood?
        
           | seneca wrote:
           | As I understand it, in that case it is by dating the age of
           | the materials the wood in question was buried in. The
           | minerals are dated using luminescence dating. That tells you
           | when those particles were last exposed to sunlight.
        
             | facialwipe wrote:
             | I don't trust any dating technique that requires the
             | combustion of material.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Well, this dating relates to when quartz and|or feldspar
               | crystal were last in strong sunlight .. it's not
               | "combustion" as such.
               | 
               | The changes wrought in the material by sun exposure and
               | subsequent changes over time in the dark are strongly
               | repeatable.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating
        
               | pests wrote:
               | > Most luminescence dating methods rely on the assumption
               | that the mineral grains were sufficiently "bleached" at
               | the time of the event being dated. For example, in quartz
               | a short daylight exposure in the range of 1-100 seconds
               | before burial is sufficient to effectively "reset" the
               | OSL dating clock
               | 
               | Very interesting
        
         | LeanderK wrote:
         | > And the timber is much older than the earliest modern human -
         | or Homo sapiens - fossils, which are about 315,000 years old.
         | 
         | this is what astonished me. I somehow depicted our ancestors or
         | relatives to be purely hunter/gatherers without the means (and
         | will) to build complex wooden structures.
        
         | jcpst wrote:
         | > Scientists created models to show how overlapping logs could
         | have been used
         | 
         | I _love_ how in other words you could also say "played with
         | lincoln logs" :)
        
       | khole wrote:
       | More info and photos: https://themindcircle.com/new-gobeklitepe-
       | and-karahantepe-fi...
        
       | waynecochran wrote:
       | Two things: how is is dated? and was that NSFW 12000 years ago?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mkaic wrote:
       | If you're interested in learning more about these incredible
       | Turkish archaeological sites, I can't recommend the YouTube
       | channel Miniminuteman [0] enough. Milo is extremely passionate
       | about his field of study and makes highly entertaining and
       | informative videos about archaeology and anthropology, including
       | a recent series where he became the first real archaeologist ever
       | to be allowed to film a documentary on-site at Karahantepe! [1]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/@miniminuteman773
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EaKFKYPXVk
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | He mentions that people back then lived around 35 years. I
         | recall reading it's a mistaken interpretation of the average
         | age, while many people died infants adults actually easily
         | lived to 70+ yo. Is it true and he made the same mistake or am
         | I thinking about a different period in history?
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | These statistics regularly make it sound like everyone was
           | dying off around 30.
           | 
           | In reality, it is due to infant mortality rates. Once you
           | make it past a certain age (10-15 years) your life expectancy
           | shoots up into the 40-60's easily. However, when you average
           | the population out, those infant deaths tank the average life
           | expectancy.
           | 
           | I'm not surprised they glossed over this, most researchers
           | do, because they don't want to go into infantile deaths,
           | disease spread during child birth, still births, etc.
           | 
           | Not only is it a complex topic, but it's fraught with
           | political and religious ideology. When my history and
           | anthropology professors started talking about it, certain
           | folks of a particular religious bent almost immediately
           | started trying to correct them about it.
        
             | throwaway290 wrote:
             | The guy in the video said "their lifespans would have only
             | been around 35 years" which sounds not so much glossing
             | over as being plain incorrect.
             | 
             | I am annoyed by these slips every time because they make it
             | seem as if we live so much longer since hunter-gatherer
             | times... Modern medicine reduced early age mortality, sure,
             | but funny enough it did not do much to increase max
             | lifespan (and especially healthy lifespan).
        
               | softfalcon wrote:
               | Ah, yeah, that sounds like it was indeed just incorrect.
               | 
               | To add to your comment about modern medicine. Keep in
               | mind that when you isolate out infant mortality, you get
               | an average life span of roughly 60-ish in ancient times.
               | 
               | Present day mortality is closer to 85+ for the G7
               | countries and 75+ for other fairly well developed
               | countries. That's a 25 year increase! Given those
               | statistics, I would say modern medicine is actually doing
               | quite a bit to improve life expectancy into your golden
               | years!
        
           | pakitan wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter-gatherer
           | 
           | > Researchers Gurven and Kaplan have estimated that around
           | 57% of hunter-gatherers reach the age of 15. Of those that
           | reach 15 years of age, 64% continue to live to or past the
           | age of 45. This places the life expectancy between 21 and 37
           | years.[54] They further estimate that 70% of deaths are due
           | to diseases of some kind, 20% of deaths come from violence or
           | accidents and 10% are due to degenerative diseases.
        
             | throwaway290 wrote:
             | Karahan Tepe is not hunter gatherers, it's a permanent
             | settlement.
             | 
             | But even that aside, it is definitely not what the guy in
             | video literally said, which is quote "their lifespans would
             | have only been around 35 years", 5:22. By the way, I had to
             | sit through 6 unskippable 10-second ads to tell you the
             | timestamp (2 ads every time I scrub around).
             | 
             | Edited for brevity
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | I don't think permanent settlement disqualifies a site
               | from being hunter-gatherers. Jericho is a permanent
               | settlement that predates agriculture
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | > By the way, I had to sit through 6 unskippable
               | 10-second ads to tell you the timestamp (2 ads every time
               | I scrub around).
               | 
               | Huh, does uBlock Origin not work for blocking ads on
               | YouTube anymore?
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | I don't use extensions
        
           | manonthewall wrote:
           | I don't know if they -easily- lived up to 70, but it was
           | possible to live to that age for sure :) . death rate of "at
           | birth" and early years was far far higher than now. they
           | certainly lived longer than 30-35 that I hear slung around
           | though. If you lived to 15 or so you could easily live to
           | 50-60. Although those early corpses almost always show
           | infection by parasites and such and not so pretty healing
           | from injuries.
        
         | 6D794163636F756 wrote:
         | I just found him on Friday and lost the weekend. I can
         | definitely say that his passion is infectious and makes the
         | topics far more interesting.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | +1 for Miniminuteman! His shorts debunking flat-earther types
         | is also incredibly entertaining.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jpsouth wrote:
         | His shorts are hilarious too, he has some great mini-debunks of
         | conspiracies.
        
           | Hikikomori wrote:
           | And a multi hour debunk of ancient apocalypse.
        
       | seqizz wrote:
       | You know there is already a conspiracy about its phallus [0]?
       | Which might be broken for unknown reasons.
       | 
       | [0]: https://arkeofili.com/karahantepede-bulunan-insan-
       | heykelinin...
        
         | rationalfaith wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | I read the article and didn't see the 12,000 years (perhaps
       | obscured by countless irrelevant ad overlays) and wondered how
       | does one date stone, since carbon dating is irrelevant for
       | something that didnt stop breathing and eating?
        
         | appplication wrote:
         | One way is to date the deposition of the sediment immediately
         | surrounding the artifact. I don't know exactly how they do this
         | but I recall reading this was the method for some older
         | structures that made the front page a week or two ago.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | It makes me happy that it's possible that future humans might
       | live again on an earth 12,000 years in the future which has
       | cooled again after our civilisation has boiled the planet.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | Pretty sure we haven't yet mastered planetary engineering, bro.
         | "Boiling" a planet is many orders of magnitude bigger than our
         | entire energy budget.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Why would it cool in 12k years? We are loading the atmosphere
         | with carbon sequestered over much longer periods. Some of which
         | even happened in a phase of massive imbalance in the
         | evolutionary "war" between plants and plant consumers: trees
         | had found a way to _never rot_ (be consumed) which is rather
         | tragic for incumbent biological systems but a crazy boost for
         | carbon sequestering.
         | 
         | The problem is not that we produce heat, the problem is that we
         | change the balance point between energy influx from the sun and
         | energy emission to space. That changed balance point will
         | remain changed much, much longer than 12k years. If we don't
         | have a technological miracle, humans 12k in the future will
         | live in tiny habitable zones near the poles.
        
         | hist_thw wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | elesbao wrote:
       | Dudes should bury that back. The exorcist taught us everything we
       | needed about status with hard-ons.
        
       | caprock wrote:
       | The last couple of pictures, of the eyes and the bird, are really
       | neat. Gobeklitepe continues to provide interesting results.
       | 
       | It's kind of comforting and exciting that we have so much yet to
       | uncover about the past.
        
         | sakopov wrote:
         | If I remember correctly only a small portion of the site was
         | actually excavated mostly to preserve everything from erosion.
        
         | detourdog wrote:
         | I take great comfort in trying to figure out why these sites
         | were buried. I believe the current understanding is that that
         | were carefully covered with dirt contemporaneously with usage.
        
           | boffinAudio wrote:
           | There is a theory that they were not intentionally buried
           | after all, but rather that the deposits were the result of
           | geological processes .. apparently they've found arrowheads
           | in the deposit layers that demonstrate that the filling
           | material was deposited over hundreds, or even thousands, of
           | years ..
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | That makes a lot more sense to me. Do you have a source for
             | more info. I think that would imply a social collapse that
             | could no longer maintain their infrastructure.
        
               | boffinAudio wrote:
               | Both the Miniminuteman and "The Prehistory Guys" channels
               | on Youtube have featured more details on an analysis of
               | the covering layers of Goebekli Tepe - you might want to
               | check those channels out for more details.
        
       | imchillyb wrote:
       | It's almost comforting to know that 12,000 years ago humans were
       | essentially sending random people dick-pics. All the passersby
       | got a dirty little airdrop to the eye holes.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | Graham Hancock has entered the chat
        
       | blorpypig wrote:
       | There is no overstating just how absolutely wrong in almost every
       | dimension possible most of the posters on this site are. It's
       | distilled ignorance mixed with the arrogance of an annoying 8
       | year old.
       | 
       | Hacker News is the worst "tech" site that exists.
        
         | gt2 wrote:
         | Please enlighten us! I'll be people would overlook the tone of
         | your comment if you just said something constructive along with
         | it (I hope you do).
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | I'm sensing an overabundance of pareidolia in this story.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | > featuring a lifelike facial expression
       | 
       | Notice that, although it was a completely alien culture in a very
       | far away time, before agriculture and writing, we still know what
       | a lifelike facial expression looks like.
       | 
       | Many things vary from culture to culture. Facial expressions, at
       | least many of them, are consistent across humanity. If someone
       | stubs their toe or tastes something delicious, you'll know
       | without words.
       | 
       | Look up 'human universals' in anthropology, evolutionary
       | psychology, and in other fields. Donald Brown (see below) gives
       | some opinionated background here, including a literature review
       | (of Brown's own writings, and more):
       | 
       | https://literary-universals.uconn.edu/2017/06/25/human-unive...
       | 
       | The seminal book is _Human Universals_ by Donald Brown:
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/humanuniversals0000brow/
       | 
       | (I don't know how fully accepted it is; there seems to be at
       | least some disupte over Brown's theories.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | verbify wrote:
         | How many of these universals are shared with other mammals
         | (especially apes)?
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | Some universals are certainly shared with other creatures,
           | and it's not even restricted to mammals. From one article:
           | 
           |  _Take, for example, social facilitation or the notion that
           | organisms tend to perform better on simple tasks in the
           | presence of observers. Although disagreement about its innate
           | origins exists (Do-Yeong and Junsu 2010), social facilitation
           | has had supportive evidence in humans in a natural setting
           | (Michaels et al. 1982), cockroaches (Zajonc et al. 1969), and
           | macaques (Dindo et al. 2009)._
           | 
           | (I don't know about facial expressions, though the fact that
           | I don't know means little - I've just read a bit about it.)
           | 
           | There are other universals among non-human species, not
           | shared with us, such as 100+ discovered for chimpanzees.
           | 
           | Source: Reza Ziai, "Cross-Cultural Universality". In Todd K
           | Shackelford, Viviana A Weekes-Shackelford, eds. _Encyclopedia
           | of Evolutionary Psychological Science_. Springer (2021)
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I don't think any other species has the set of facial muscles
           | humans do. Cats seem inscrutable because they have very few;
           | dogs seem more understandable because they can move their
           | eyebrows.
           | 
           | I think the non-human animal with the most facial expressions
           | is the chimpanzee, but even then it is much less expressive
           | than a human in this regard.
           | 
           | Various mammals have (non-facial) macroexpression somewhat
           | similar to humans, such as excitement, curiosity and fear.
           | Many non-mammals such as birds, fish, and some reptiles can
           | express fear to some extent.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | As other commenters said, cats are far from inscrutable.
             | But a lot of their expressiveness comes from their tail and
             | ears, two modalities that humans happen to lack.
        
             | tanepiper wrote:
             | As someone who spends a lot of time closely with dogs, and
             | recently raised a little of 6 spaniels - dogs "talk" via
             | their facial expressions and can make sounds beyond just
             | barks.
             | 
             | My pet theory is that women bonded with dogs first through
             | an ability to have a mutual understanding with non-verbal
             | communication, and we most likely observed them and could
             | "talk" to them in their own ways - something that has been
             | lost as we turned dogs from inter-species partners to
             | enslaved commodities.
             | 
             | We're slowly starting to rediscover it.
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | That sounds weird. Do you think male humans don't
               | communicate non-verbally?
        
               | ido wrote:
               | Why women specifically? Or did you mean humans?
        
               | hnbad wrote:
               | Probably extrapolating from the debunked pseudoscience of
               | "women were gatherers, men were hunters", which fuels 90%
               | of present evopsych nonsense.
               | 
               | For those unaware: prehistorical "hunter-gatherer"
               | societies likely did not have strong divisions of labor
               | and there is no evidence to suggest such a universal
               | division across gender lines. Quite the opposite,
               | actually. Turns out when you hunt large mammals in a
               | group, the statistical physical advantages men have don't
               | really matter all that much and women in turn aren't
               | inherently better at child rearing (which historically
               | was a group activity shared by the entire tribe).
        
               | someuser2345 wrote:
               | > Turns out when you hunt large mammals in a group, the
               | statistical physical advantages men have don't really
               | matter all that much
               | 
               | Even if women and men are equal in their hunting skill,
               | it would still make evolutionary sense for women not to
               | participate in the hunts. Hunting large mammals is
               | dangerous, and men are more disposable than women. If a
               | tribe loses most of its men, it can still survive since a
               | single man can impregnate multiple women. Whereas if a
               | tribe loses most of its women it is far more likely to
               | die out.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | That isn't debunked, how ridiculous. It's true not all
               | men were hunters, but that doesn't mean that there was an
               | equal share of women among the hunters. They travelled as
               | a group and everyone gathered, but men went out to get
               | the kill.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | This is attested in the Neolithic records, I suppose?
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Anyone making sweeping statements that applies to all of
               | hunter gatherer society is almost certainly wrong about
               | at least a few cultures. We're talking 1-3 million years
               | worth of human society and cultural evolution.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Anthropological studies of (some of the few remaining)
               | contemporary hunter-gatherer societies don't show the
               | presumed division of labor (or several other presumptions
               | either, like pervasive hinger, or the amount of time
               | spent on food collection) written up by 19th century
               | European naturalists.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | I think we share a very similar disgust response to other
             | primates primarily and some other mammals as well including
             | dogs.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | Fear and anger on the face of a human and a wolf are very
               | similar. Include body language in general and the
               | similarities expand. If a mammal drops its head, widens
               | its eyes and its ears pull back (yes humans do that too),
               | its time to look for escape, or a weapon.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | I don't think cat faces are all that much less expressive
             | than dog faces. They have a wide variety of facial
             | expressions, including surprise, irritation/anger,
             | happiness, playfulness, anxiety/fear, disgust, and so on -
             | and that's not including at cat body language, especially
             | tail movements.
             | 
             | Our cat has perfected the guilt-tripping innocent stare.
             | She stands beside her food bowl looking _almost_ blank.
             | This somehow communicates a combination of infinite sadness
             | and disappointment, blended with child-like hopefulness.
             | 
             | It's very effective.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | I suspect the most effective for pets is a perfect blank
               | slate onto which the owner can project whatever they
               | want.
        
               | manonthewall wrote:
               | have you ever owned and been inseparable from a pet? you
               | absolutely can interpret their moods and you can find
               | papers on it if you like, they do have expressions and
               | body language. It may not be the same as humans
               | necessarily but it is there if you care to research it.
        
               | cm2012 wrote:
               | Once you know cats (or probably any other advanced
               | animal) you can read their emotions like a book. Lots of
               | people don't know how to read cats though.
        
             | sdiupIGPWEfh wrote:
             | > Cats seem inscrutable because they have very few; dogs
             | seem more understandable because they can move their
             | eyebrows.
             | 
             | What's wild is that we're apparently directly responsible
             | for the eyebrow thing in dogs. As in we literally bred the
             | feature into them.
             | 
             | - https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1820653116
             | 
             | - https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dogs-
             | eyeb...
             | 
             | - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/17/science/dogs-eyebrows-
             | evo...
        
           | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
           | Showing teeth, universally means aggression. In humans, it's
           | for showing you are happy, or excited.
        
       | pelorat wrote:
       | That's not what I consider a "realistic human statue" ?
        
         | didgetmaster wrote:
         | 'Recognizable' seems much more appropriate than 'realistic' in
         | this case.
        
         | mcpackieh wrote:
         | Can you think of any artistic depiction of a human from that
         | era that is more detailed? Humans in cave paintings are
         | basically stick men.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | Sash and tassel Gwion Gwion rock paintings are ~ 12,000 years
           | old and pretty detailed for "shadow drawings" *.
           | 
           | They're more than just stick figures, they detail ceremonial
           | costumes quite well.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings
           | 
           | * Dating the spectrum of paintings is broad.
           | Experimental OSL dates from a wasp nest overlaying a tassel
           | Gwion Gwion figure has given a Pleistocene date of 17,500 +-
           | 1,800 years BP. The academic community generally accepts
           | 5,000 BP for the end of the artistic style. If the date
           | ranges are correct, this may demonstrate that the Gwion Gwion
           | tradition was produced for many millennia.
        
           | dwd wrote:
           | Stick figure cave paintings are paleolithic graffiti. If you
           | think artists find it hard to scratch a living these days,
           | you're not going to find much support for following your
           | passion when there is hunting, gathering and defending
           | against predators to do.
           | 
           | But if a sharman (assuming it is a statue for their deity)
           | has the time, then there's no reason it couldn't be perfectly
           | proportioned. It's not like hand-eye coordination has
           | suddenly evolved; it would more be access to better tools
           | than a piece of flint to bang on some softer rock.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | > If you think artists find it hard to scratch a living
             | these days, you're not going to find much support for
             | following your passion when there is hunting, gathering and
             | defending against predators to do.
             | 
             | You seem to seriously overestimate the average workload of
             | prehistoric communities (or underestimating the average
             | workload of present day individuals). Also I don't think
             | the concept of making "a living" transfers to gift
             | economies. Nor do you need to spend 16 hours a day every
             | day "being an artist" to develop remarkable artistic skill.
             | Strict division of labor is a fairly recent development
             | that in its present form stems from industrialisation
             | requiring work to be split into discrete processes to
             | enable automation.
        
         | ftxbro wrote:
         | On hacker news everything is 0% or 100%.
        
           | ta8645 wrote:
           | I see you're playing the 100% end of that range, by claiming
           | that "everything" conforms to your insight.
        
         | moomoo11 wrote:
         | That's what people looked like back then.
        
           | andrewstuart wrote:
           | Weird that people don't understand evolution.
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | Me too. Why does the title claim realism when the article it
         | points at doesn't? The article only claims a realistic facial
         | expression.
        
         | d1l wrote:
         | In that time there is relatively little figurative art of
         | humans. Rarely seen in cave painting, etc. The nearest would be
         | the Venus figurines but they don't typically show facial
         | features or internal anatomical details. It's a major major
         | find bro.
        
           | manonthewall wrote:
           | I don't understand why it is so radical though. Even when I
           | was a bored kid I could pick up a stick and whittle out a
           | face not to far from what was in the article with a decently
           | sharp knife and some time. Doesn't seem like a huge jump to
           | do it in stone if the stone is easy enough to shape with a
           | harder stone/mineral...
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | I suspect it's more a problem about longevity of the
           | artifacts, rather than lack of talent or knowing one can pick
           | up some mud and form a shape.
           | 
           | They had very similar general intelligence and talents as us,
           | at that time, and tens of thousand of years before. Today,
           | it's not terribly hard to find artistic kids who can mold
           | extremely good faces, ponies, or whatever else they choose,
           | from a lump of play dough. I assume artistic people existed
           | then too, with comparable talent and frequency, unless there
           | was some catastrophic non-artist pruning that happened very
           | very recently.
        
             | d1l wrote:
             | A statistical review would show that you are almost
             | certainly quite incorrect.
             | 
             | Also, the "they" you refer to is "us".
        
           | Syntonicles wrote:
           | I haven't seen much art from that era either and was pretty
           | surprised to see the statue. However looking into it, I'm
           | even more surprised to learn of the Venus of Brassempouy.
           | 
           | I've heard that much of the ruins from Ancient Greeze were
           | likely brightly colored and painted. I can't help but wonder
           | if the Venus I mentioned had been painted as well. It's
           | possible that they did have detailed faces, and that they
           | simply weren't sculpted.
           | 
           | I'm the furthest thing from an expert of course.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | We're talking anthropology here, not art criticism. It's
         | leagues more realistic than anything we've uncovered. Something
         | like the bronze charioteer which is incredibly vivid and
         | accurate is made nearly 10,000 years later than this one.
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | It has all the parts...
        
         | dwd wrote:
         | I maybe wasn't expecting Bernini level of realism, but
         | "Augustus of Prima Porta" is around 2000 years old which
         | greatly predates Renaissance tooling.
        
           | empath-nirvana wrote:
           | This predates that statute by at least 7,000 years or more.
        
             | Telemakhos wrote:
             | It's kind of mind-blowing that we're three times closer to
             | the Romans than the Romans themselves were to Gobekli Tepe.
             | Gobekli Tepe is as much older than the pyramids, as the
             | pyramids are themselves old.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | I beg to differ- how does that not look exactly like us
         | 
         | https://i0.wp.com/themindcircle.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/...
         | 
         | From the better link someone posted below:
         | 
         | https://themindcircle.com/new-gobeklitepe-and-karahantepe-fi...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | INTPenis wrote:
         | Yeah I was expecting something like a greek statue with very
         | realistic human features, but I guess this is still astounding
         | since other statues of the time are even less anthropomorphous.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | We have a fairly good idea of how sculpture evolved in the
           | past 5,000 years or so. By 2500 BCE, the Egyptians had
           | already mastered realistic sculpture:
           | 
           | https://www.mfa.org/gallery/masterpieces-of-egyptian-
           | sculptu...
           | 
           | But this discovery is a whopping 7,500 years older. It would
           | have been inconceivably ancient to the pyramid builders too.
        
             | voldacar wrote:
             | Those statues clearly show some development, but I wouldn't
             | say the Egyptians had mastered realistic sculpture. There
             | is clearly still some kouros-like stylized anatomy here,
             | especially visible in the standing figures. Compare to http
             | s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polykleitos#/media/File:Doryph...
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | It's of course difficult to say how much of the perceived
               | non-realism was simply about cultural aesthetic
               | preferences with regard to style. Especially given that
               | the statues that have survived are those with special
               | cultural or religious significance.
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | The non-realist aspects were definitely tied to cultural
               | and religious signifiers.
               | 
               | There's actually a fascinating case where Egyptian
               | artists were briefly allowed to abandon the established
               | style and adopted a quite different one during the so-
               | called Amarna period:
               | 
               | https://artsandculture.google.com/usergallery/amarna-
               | period-...
               | 
               | Much of the art became almost caricatures with elongated
               | features, but there was simultaneously a realist tendency
               | where portraits of royalty were suddenly allowed to have
               | a likeness. The famous Nefertiti bust is from this era.
               | 
               | It seems clear to me that the artists' skills was not the
               | limitation, but the permitted range of expression was
               | quite narrow until this rebel pharaoh unleashed the
               | short-lived style revolution.
        
         | z500 wrote:
         | More like anatomically correct.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _That 's not what I consider a "realistic human statue" ?_
         | 
         | the HN title is wrong, TFA says "realistic facial expression".
         | Of course, it's neither a realistic facial expression, so all
         | the comments are still valid. Carry on.
        
         | quasarj wrote:
         | And the face is fucking missing!!
        
       | dinkblam wrote:
       | better link with less and less offensive ads:
       | 
       | https://arkeonews.net/new-discoveries-in-gobeklitepe-and-kar...
        
         | amphitheatre wrote:
         | Thank you. What a garbage website OP linked to...
        
           | 8bitsrule wrote:
           | Better and more images though.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | OK, we changed to that from https://themindcircle.com/new-
         | gobeklitepe-and-karahantepe-fi.... Thanks!
        
       | cjohnson318 wrote:
       | I wonder how long ago our ancestors forgot about this settlement
       | and it was lost, and how many times it was rediscovered through
       | the ages. I bet Homer knew of or had heard of some ancient sites
       | that were either never memorialized in a poem, or poems never
       | survived to modern times.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | It's honestly staggering to think about how much didn't survive
         | because it was made of wood or clay. And the oral history of
         | our species that is forever lost. Just staggering.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I find it more staggering that anything survived (with a gap
           | before being rediscovered). It's just funny to think about
           | the set of circumstances that might lead to things being
           | left, forgotten, and buried, isn't it?
        
           | imchillyb wrote:
           | It's even more staggering to think how much didn't survive
           | due to conquerors, demolitions, fires, and intolerance.
        
         | mcmoor wrote:
         | Xenophon already writes about sites that are already old and
         | forgotten by his time
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | There was 4x the amount of time between Gobekli Tepe and
           | Xenophon as there was between Xenophon and right now
        
           | cjohnson318 wrote:
           | That's very interesting! I imagine a bunch of bored
           | Victorians have already dug everything up and thoroughly
           | wrecked the provenance of everything.
        
       | MilStdJunkie wrote:
       | Yet more astonishing finds from the PPNA! Contemporaneous or even
       | earlier than the Balikligol statues, but the piece and its
       | expression is far beyond it. Each time I think I won't be
       | surprised by another Turkish find and yet . .
       | 
       | Looking at the oldest finds on a world map, I can't help
       | wondering what sort of finds are in those areas less developed -
       | or more wrought by internal violence - were those places to
       | suddenly be easy to roam for archeologists. If Iran were as
       | accessible as Germany, who knows what the equivalent of the
       | Hohlenstein Lowenmensch would be? The events of the early 21st
       | century (can and will) cast a long shadow in the scholarship.
        
       | khole wrote:
       | The recent excavations unearthed a painted wild boar statue, a
       | human statue, and a vulture statue. All statues are new gateways
       | to understanding pre-historic art and culture.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | Not being snarky but the big deal is we're pushing back the
         | line (read: year / era) dividing pre-history from history.
         | These discoveries became history now, yes?
        
           | biorach wrote:
           | Nope.
           | 
           | > Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period
           | of human history between the first known use of stone tools
           | by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of
           | recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory
           | 
           | The big deal is that these art works are far more
           | sophisticated that anything else we have seen so early.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | This is one common definition of the term history, but it's
             | not a very good one and largely relegated to outdated
             | encyclopedia entries rather than describing how
             | professionals investigate history. It's very poor as a
             | technical definition. For instance, does "history" in an
             | area start when someone writes something, or does the
             | writing have to survive to the present day? Does only one
             | person need to write, or does it need to be socially
             | widespread? Does it have to be full writing or does
             | protowriting count? Do we have to be able to read the
             | writing? Do partial readings count? These ambiguities
             | weren't issues back when it was being used as a criterion
             | for "civilization" ala childe, but that time has long since
             | passed.
             | 
             | Today, it's best to ignore all these difficult and largely
             | unnecessary questions by simply using a descriptive
             | definition where "history is the human past".
        
               | hotnfresh wrote:
               | IDK, seems fine, ambiguities and all. Not everything has
               | to be, or can be, math or formal logic to be useful for
               | communication.
        
               | biorach wrote:
               | look, you can quibble all you want about how the rest of
               | the world is misusing a word, but at the end of the day
               | you're in the minority here.
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | Not nope :)
             | 
             | By definition recorded history - as recorded in this art
             | work, which are artifacts of history - is being pushed
             | back.
             | 
             | The big deal is we over-estimated what we thought we knew
             | about the past and that over-confidence is being humbled.
             | And because of that the definition of pre-history needs to
             | be updated.
        
             | late2part wrote:
             | Names don't constitute knowledge.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFIYKmos3-s&t=1s
        
       | tonyvince7 wrote:
       | Graham Hancock must be feeling vindicated
        
         | Eumenes wrote:
         | I liked this article headline: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-
         | and-radio/2022/nov/23/ancient...
        
         | AlertGooble wrote:
         | He's too caught up in the impact theory when, clearly, it's the
         | sun.
        
         | anon-3988 wrote:
         | I feel like there's way too many discoveries of ancient
         | civilization dated 10-15k years ago to not think that "some" of
         | his ideas must have some truth to it.
         | 
         | Obviously I understand that he might have exaggerated a lot of
         | it.
        
         | mvdwoord wrote:
         | I visited a small archeological site on Corsica yesterday. This
         | got us talking about this stuff which led to my gf asking to
         | watch the gobekli tepe episode of ancient apocalypse last
         | night.
         | 
         | Just after, as I was checking hn, this article was dropped.
         | Same thing went through my mind.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | I don't know if he is yet, but it must at least be a bit of a
         | point in his favour.
         | 
         | I've no idea if his theory is true, but it would be _so_ cool
         | if it was.
        
       | sshaginyan wrote:
       | I wouldn't trust anything out of Turkey.
        
       | anon-3988 wrote:
       | It always sounded strange to me when I learnt in high school that
       | the "earliest" civilization had rock structures, ziggurats,
       | temples and the like. It gives an impression that human suddenly
       | that converged together at some point, decided to have priests
       | and kings, and construct large structures for no practical
       | worldly reason.
       | 
       | Take the discovery of fire. It is not like some ape suddenly
       | discovered fire and suddenly learnt how to cook. It probably took
       | thousand of years of "consistently being able to create fire"
       | before realizing that it can be used for cooking. The ability to
       | create fire also implies that the prehistoric human was already
       | able to think of risk/benefit. Since fire is obviously dangerous
       | it leads me to think that they already have some sort of
       | culture/philoshopy. Critical thinking cannot exist in a vacuum
       | i.e. they have to had to used it for other purposes as well.
       | 
       | This is obviously unscientific and extremely speculative, but I
       | just think that these things cannot exist in a vacuum is all.
        
       | potas wrote:
       | What freaks me out is how the hands are depicted on the statue.
       | It's eerily similar to the Moai statues of Easter Island [1]. I'm
       | not sure what to make of it.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://web.stanford.edu/~siegelr/easterisland/IMG_3485%20le...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | derefr wrote:
       | Is there some way that we could "scan the Earth" to find other
       | long-buried sites like Gobeklitepe?
       | 
       | Would it be possible to do something from imaging satellites --
       | something akin to ground-penetrating radar / laser range-finding
       | / ultrasound -- that might not be good enough for much, but which
       | _would_ be  "just good enough" to find any other gigantic cities
       | with walls built of dense stone, hidden under 10-50ft of dirt or
       | sand?
        
         | Lukeas14 wrote:
         | Yes they've been doing lidar scans throughout central america
         | to detect ancient Mayan pyramids and cities that are hidden
         | under foliage. They've identified thousands of structures but
         | other factors have limited their ability to unearth them (# of
         | archaeologists, funding, politics).
        
           | derefr wrote:
           | Yes, lidar is great and all for what it does, and will
           | definitely find us many new sites; but lidar just detects
           | structures that cause raised areas (i.e. plants growing up
           | and over the structures) rather than detecting structures
           | hidden _within_ a flat plane of fill-in medium like dirt
           | /sand, the way Gobeklitepe was hidden. Lidar wouldn't have
           | found Gobeklitepe.
        
         | paganel wrote:
         | > Is there some way that we could "scan the Earth" to find
         | other long-buried sites like Gobeklitepe?
         | 
         | The Brits had started a Lidar survey of most of their country a
         | few years ago, I'd say 2015-2016, but I'm not sure if that
         | information is entirely accurate and, if it is accurate, I'm
         | not sure how far they have got with it (what if all the cuts
         | made to spending money on stuff that is not seen as essential).
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | https://environmentagency.blog.gov.uk/2015/09/18/laser-
           | surve...
           | 
           | Browsable map:
           | https://houseprices.io/lab/lidar/map?ref=TQ7237355141
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Very cool, thanks for the links!
             | 
             | I'm jealous in a positive way that the Brits have managed
             | to do that. There was some talk about trying to emulate
             | them when it comes to some archaeological sites here in
             | Romania, but apart from a couple of tries/mappings nothing
             | systematic has been implemented.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | GP radar _should_ work, as long as the artifacts are of a
         | material sufficiently different from the earth on top of them
         | for the interface to cause a radar echo. I've no idea what
         | exactly counts as sufficiently different " though.
        
       | pachico wrote:
       | Honest question. How do young-earth creationists react to these
       | news?
       | 
       | We don't have many in Spain, despite being quite a religious
       | country, and I'm always intrigued.
        
         | svpk wrote:
         | Generally young earth creationists don't believe modern dating
         | methods are accurate. Explanations for why they wouldn't be
         | accurate vary. But as an example, in my understanding carbon
         | dating is based on a presumption that atmospheric ratios of
         | stable and unstable carbon isotopes have remained constant over
         | time. But how do we know that to be true?
         | 
         | Generally the different kinds of dating methods are also
         | calibrated against one another, so then you get a feedback loop
         | of false conclusions verifying other false conclusions. And
         | then of course you get various points of data that could
         | contradict dating methods. One that was mentioned to me
         | recently is that a plane was found buried under several hundred
         | feet of ice. Presumably if it wasn't obviously an object from
         | the last century it would have been dated to be much older. So
         | goes the argument.
         | 
         | Anyway, I'm not an expert on dating things or young earth
         | creationism but the Tl;dr is that they don't believe the dating
         | method used to claim it's 12,000 years old is accurate.
        
         | waterheater wrote:
         | svpk's comment aligns with my own understanding. Also, some
         | young-earth creationists may say that God created the earth
         | with age. If you ask them why God did that or where they find
         | such information in the Bible, they'll either say it's part of
         | God's plan or be silent.
         | 
         | Another interesting place where young-earth creationists
         | provide physical theories for biblical events is the Flood.
         | Many ancient cultures have flood myths, some talk of a global
         | deluge in the distant past, and few cultures attempt to derive
         | a physical explanation for the massive flowing of water.
         | 
         | Though less popular today, some young-earth creationists
         | interested in physical explanations (who also almost always
         | have some theories about the Flood) hypothesized the existence
         | of a "vapor canopy", which served as the source of the flood
         | waters. Essentially, the vapor canopy was a water shell which
         | surrounded the earth. The floodwaters came when God caused the
         | vapor canopy to collapse. Now, this hypothesis fails to
         | withstand a small amount of physics inquiry; the earth's
         | gravitational forces would naturally collapse the shell, and
         | the water's shell would make the earth's surface too dark to
         | sustain life. Yet, they're not bad people, just misguided.
         | 
         | Since we're on this topic, there's one physical theory for a
         | global deluge which is my personal favorite from a scientific
         | standpoint. We know the earth has a crust and mantle. The crust
         | is like a hard shell around the mantle, while the mantle acts
         | like a viscous fluid. The mantle is thought to be magnetic [1].
         | One interesting and obscure field of research is
         | magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), or the study of the dynamics of
         | magnetic fluids. The geodynamo effect [2] proposes that the
         | earth's magnetic field arises from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
         | effects in the mantle.
         | 
         | Now, let's say the earth experiences a magnetic pole flip.
         | Presumably, the earth's magnetic field will collapse for some
         | period of time before returning in a reversed configuration. At
         | some point during the flip, the field collapses completely.
         | During that collapse, the MHD forces in the mantle are
         | eliminated. The precise effects are unknown to us, but perhaps
         | the crust then experiences a sudden rotational deceleration.
         | Conservation of momentum says that the earth's oceans will
         | slosh across the surface of the planet. Once the earth's
         | magnetic field returns, the oceans gradually calm again, but
         | much of the earth's surface has now been washed by a tsunami
         | spanning all oceans.
         | 
         | From a purely theoretical standpoint, I like the scientific
         | plausibility of this theory to explain the deluge, particularly
         | because there's no need for the magical invention of a water
         | source. However, there's still issues, like the precise cause
         | of the earth's magnetic pole flip. If the pole flip is caused
         | by, say, the Sun, then we need to know why and if the Sun's own
         | electromagnetic field induces the MHD forces in the mantle.
         | (MHD forces cause magnetic fluids to flow, which, short of
         | additional information, would imply the Sun may cause the earth
         | to rotate via MHD, which, according to a quick web search, is
         | not the scientifically-accepted rationale for the earth's
         | rotation.)
         | 
         | [1] https://www.geoengineer.org/news/magnetic-field-found-in-
         | ear...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978AnRFM..10..435B/abstra...
        
       | victor106 wrote:
       | I am always curious to know how they determine the date of
       | historical artifacts? Anyone here can throw some light?
        
         | smilespray wrote:
         | One technique is radiocarbon dating:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating
         | 
         | EDIT: For artefacts made entirely out of stone, you can date
         | objects in the sediment around them to get an approximation.
        
           | phero_cnstrcts wrote:
           | But that only works for organic material. Not stone.
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | The article says there were traces of pigment that could be
             | dated. There are other techniques related to the layers of
             | sediment or other clues. I think with a site like this they
             | don't need to date every object. If they can gather enough
             | data points they know when the site was in use. It's
             | technically possible that the statue stone is older and was
             | brought to the site and we might never know, but it's just
             | highly unlikely.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | I think the "highly unlikely" part is pure speculation.
               | 
               | If the stone in TFA gets buried when _our_ civilization
               | collapses, the stone would now probably date to 2020 AD
               | instead of whatever it should have been.
        
             | LennyWhiteJr wrote:
             | There is organic matter buried in and around the site that
             | can be used to date the point at which it was filled in.
        
         | theduder99 wrote:
         | whatever fits the agenda
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | kcplate wrote:
         | Brilliant
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | Could do worse.
        
       | bluehorizon2 wrote:
       | It feels like the significance of this is lost on many people.
       | 
       | My understanding is that complex things like statues were not
       | supposed to be possible 12,000 years ago. I think it's supposed
       | to be more like 6000 years ago. The fact that it has been carbon
       | dated to 12,000 tears should means that we have to rewrite the
       | theories on the start of human civilization.
       | 
       | These statues needed to be carved out of tools and the
       | educational techniques for carving it off stone and the social
       | structure to support art were not supposed to exist at this time.
       | This is pretty huge in terms of figuring out the birth of human
       | civilization.
       | 
       | And the fact that the same site also has these huge stone
       | megaliths that also weren't supposed to be possible and were also
       | dated to 12,000 years so just solidified the idea that our
       | current theories are completely wrong.
        
         | hnfong wrote:
         | > My understanding is that complex things like statues were not
         | supposed to be possible 12,000 years ago. I think it's supposed
         | to be more like 6000 years ago.
         | 
         | Recently I keep wondering whether people have thought about
         | this from a statistical perspective.
         | 
         | Like, if I suddenly find a dead rat in my kitchen, what should
         | I think about it? Should I consider that maybe I have had a
         | pest problem for months or possibly years, or should I consider
         | this as "we found evidence for rats existing in my house for at
         | most one day"?
         | 
         | It seems archeology takes the "evidence based" approach and
         | refuses to calculate the expected probability of more stuff
         | being discovered that's older/more impressive using the fact
         | that we are discovering (mostly) random stuff buried in the
         | ground.
         | 
         | What are the chances that the stuff we dug up are not the
         | pinnacle of human civilization back then, and merely an average
         | object? If people 3000 years from now dug up a brick from a
         | rural village, should they infer that we only know how to build
         | brick houses and not skyscrapers? What are the chances of
         | digging up remains of a skyscraper?
         | 
         | I have so many burning questions lol
        
           | stainablesteel wrote:
           | this is a great analogy
           | 
           | its why i love graham hancock and everything he talks about,
           | its so exciting to think about the great achievements of all
           | the human civilizations that have come about in the 200-300k
           | years that humans have been around
        
           | fecal_henge wrote:
           | You could look at multiple points and try to generate a
           | distribution of when this kind of activity happened. You
           | might find that the number of points results in a pitifully
           | poor confidence level in an expected probability though. Not
           | enough rats and not enough kitchens.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Pretty big error bars on any estimations, with the low number
           | of samples. But yeah, I wonder if anyone has tried to give a
           | confidence interval for "tech level over time".
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | There is no way to calculate that, since current finds are
           | not random digs. Archeologist search where they have reasons
           | to think something of interest can be found.
        
         | tralarpa wrote:
         | > I think it's supposed to be more like 6000 years ago
         | 
         | There is also the Urfa man, dated 9000 BC:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urfa_Man
        
         | mcphage wrote:
         | > My understanding is that complex things like statues were not
         | supposed to be possible 12,000 years ago.
         | 
         | Your understanding is not correct.
         | 
         | > The fact that it has been carbon dated to 12,000 tears should
         | means that we have to rewrite the theories on the start of
         | human civilization.
         | 
         | It does not. Gobekli Tepe has in general, but I don't think
         | this specific find does.
        
         | beezlewax wrote:
         | Do you need special tools to do this though? Or just one rock
         | that's harder than the other one?
         | 
         | That said I used to make "tools" out of sticks and rocks as a
         | child playing outdoors. Why do we think people didn't have
         | tools or the capacity to invent them 12000 years ago?
        
         | asvitkine wrote:
         | How does carbon dating work on a statue?
         | 
         | Wouldn't it be dating the underlying material (i.e. the stone),
         | which presumably predates the actual carving of the statue out
         | of that material?
         | 
         | Edit: I guess if it was buried, they date the organic material
         | around it.
        
           | p-e-w wrote:
           | > How does carbon dating work on a statue?
           | 
           | It doesn't, and the stone itself is typically hundreds of
           | millions or even billions of years old.
           | 
           | However, many ancient artifacts are found buried in the
           | ground, and it is often possible to carbon-date organic
           | material in the soil surrounding the artifact, which produces
           | an estimate for when it was buried. This is typically
           | combined with historians' estimates for when the culture that
           | presumably produced the artifact flourished, though
           | uncertainties of several millennia remain in some cases.
        
             | tephra wrote:
             | In some cases you can also use luminescence dating[0],
             | which can tell you the last time a mineral was exposed to
             | sunlight.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | There's very little, if any, carbon in stone.
           | 
           | They dated the charcoal in layers settled about the statue:
           | 
           | https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2016/06/22/how-
           | ol...
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | A common statement was brought up in my history classes:
         | 
         | "humans of the past were often as resourceful, if not more
         | resourceful than we are, they simply had less opportunities
         | than we do today."
         | 
         | If you put yourself in the place of your ancestors. Who you
         | are, you could probably figure out a way to make a statue. It
         | stands to reason that someone a bit smarter (or more motivated)
         | than you or I could also figure it out without our modern day
         | tools.
         | 
         | Human ingenuity is astounding and I love the idea that past
         | humanity was just us without iPhones.
        
         | p-e-w wrote:
         | > My understanding is that complex things like statues were not
         | supposed to be possible 12,000 years ago.
         | 
         | Huh? The Venus of Willendorf[1] is _twice as old,_ and to my
         | eye displays a higher degree of artistry than the statue shown
         | in the article. Several such Venus figurines have been found in
         | central Europe.
         | 
         | Compared to the intricacy of the Venus' limestone carving, the
         | statue from the article looks downright crude. The idea that
         | it's "not supposed to be possible" to make something like that
         | 12,000 years BP is ridiculous, and I can't imagine where you
         | might have got that impression. Yes, the new statue is life-
         | size, while the Venus is a figurine, but that doesn't
         | necessarily make it any more difficult to manufacture (possibly
         | easier, in fact).
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf
        
           | permo-w wrote:
           | look, if you take the two things in isolation, then you may
           | have a point. the Venus is certainly a more beautiful
           | artistic piece
           | 
           | but you're trying to argue that an 11cm tall figurine with no
           | facial features is a civilisational achievement on par with a
           | massive 'temple' complex full of metres-high sculptures,
           | reliefs and symbols that would require significant societal
           | organisation and advancement: protection, education, food
           | surplus, likely division of labour. decades of work at least
           | 
           | the Venus of Willendorf could indicate some of those things,
           | but it equally could have just been made by one especially
           | advanced human
        
             | bazoom42 wrote:
             | Nobody is arguing that. You are wildly fighting strawmen.
             | 
             | But the claim that "complex things like statues" were "not
             | possible" is clearly BS.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | No it isn't, and a small figurine is specifically not a
               | statue
        
             | p-e-w wrote:
             | > the Venus of Willendorf could indicate some of those
             | things, but it equally could have just been made by one
             | especially advanced human
             | 
             | Hundreds of such figurines have survived to the present
             | day, so _tens of thousands_ must have been produced. They
             | used materials transported over 1000+ kilometers. Clearly,
             | those were made by a large-scale network of artists
             | learning from one another, part of a pan-European culture -
             | not by a random genius doodling around, otherwise they
             | wouldn 't be so similar to each other.
             | 
             | It's also pretty obvious from looking at the figurine that
             | this wasn't the artist's first work. They probably had to
             | make hundreds such statuettes before achieving this level
             | of detail, so they were likely at least part-time
             | professionals.
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | Venus of Willendorf is quite small, and not especially life-
           | like, but similar large statues have been found in the area
           | before, from around the same time (12kya ago). It's not even
           | a unique find, and fits reasonably well(ish) in established
           | chronology and progression (insofar that's possible for pre-
           | history). Pretty much everything the previous poster said is
           | wrong.
        
             | runsWphotons wrote:
             | its not as lifelike as i hoped when i opened. not a
             | Michelangelo.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | The Lescaux cave paintings from 17K YA are remarkable. A
               | prehistoric Sistine:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qApjgI8Dbk8
        
               | Fluorescence wrote:
               | IMHO it's more interesting and a greater achievement than
               | lifelike. To me it's an expression of fertile abundance
               | that shows more intention, more imagination, more desire
               | to communicate, more understanding of form and humanity
               | than a straight depiction would.
        
               | runsWphotons wrote:
               | i think it looks like what you would make if you werent
               | as skilled, didnt have the right rock, or the tools that
               | were as good as later sculptures. but its still neat.
        
               | boppo1 wrote:
               | As an illustrator who has also done some non-negligible
               | sculpting, this kind of stuff is so much easier than
               | 'lifelike realism' that it's not even close.
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | The problem is, how do you distinguish between "lacked
               | the skills or tools to make a true life-like statue" and
               | "intentionally made something more abstract"?
               | 
               | When I played guitar I liked doing noisy high-distortion
               | stuff because I could play bad guitar and still make it
               | sound kind of okay (to my ears anyway).
               | 
               | Not saying that everyone who plays this type of music is
               | a bad guitar player, because many aren't, but some are.
        
               | quietbritishjim wrote:
               | It reminds me of Oliver Sacks' excellent book _The Man
               | Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat_.
               | 
               | It contains descriptions of several real cases of brain
               | damage, including someone who literally made the mistake
               | in the title of the book. He could still see but was
               | increasing struggling to synthesise understanding of
               | objects from the lines and patterns, culminating in that
               | particular confusion (as he was getting up to leave a
               | consultation with Sacks, he tried to grab his wife to put
               | on his head).
               | 
               | This person was an amateur painter, and his paintings
               | were getting increasingly abstract as his condition
               | worsened. The funny thing is, critics would comment that
               | his art was improving in subtly and insight. In reality,
               | he was losing his grasp of object coherence.
        
           | ricardobeat wrote:
           | NAA, but I think what you're missing is that this Venus
           | statue is something a single person can carve on their own
           | time, anywhere.
           | 
           | Carving a 2-ton statue in-place requires much better and
           | larger tools, and some kind of social organization that
           | values that activity and protects the site.
        
           | maratc wrote:
           | What I think you might be missing is that Venus could be a
           | pet project of a single person, done in their free time over
           | some period.
           | 
           | The statues, especially in the context of the greater site,
           | could not be made by one person -- many people should be
           | working there for quite a long period of time, while
           | physically staying in the place. Since they were working on
           | the temple complex, (a) they could not be themselves
           | participating in hunter-gathering activities (and we think
           | human societies were engaged with that at the time); and (b)
           | someone else should be providing them with the food, clothes,
           | tools, and everything they need -- implying there was some
           | sort of a social structure (aka civilization).
           | 
           | This is what I think GP meant when saying "not supposed to be
           | possible 12,000 years ago".
        
             | thelittleone wrote:
             | The artist had a vision to build a human like figurine and
             | that one day, future beings would debate its origin on some
             | magic communication system.
        
             | p-e-w wrote:
             | > The statues, especially in the context of the greater
             | site, could not be made by one person
             | 
             | Why not? Sculptors sometimes make dozens of sculptures per
             | year, by themselves.
             | 
             | > they could not be themselves participating in hunter-
             | gathering activities
             | 
             | Why not? Hunting and gathering doesn't occupy all of a
             | person's time. I see no reason whatsoever to assume that
             | those sculptures weren't created by part-time artists.
             | 
             | > implying there was some sort of a social structure (aka
             | civilization)
             | 
             | Social structure exists even in apes, and is not at all
             | synonymous with what the term "civilization" is usually
             | taken to mean.
             | 
             | As a sibling commenter has explained, there is nothing
             | substantially new in this archeological find, and it fits
             | well into our existing model of how people lived back then.
             | Claims of an incoming paradigm shift triggered by this find
             | lack any substance.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | > Why not? Sculptors sometimes make dozens of sculptures
               | per year, by themselves.
               | 
               | Sculptors today are stationary and they depend on money
               | (a mark of a civilization) and tools (same) and
               | supermarkets (same) and demand for their work (economic
               | surplus; same). Leonardo da Vinci, if he was a part of
               | hunter-gatherer society (which is mobile), would neither
               | be able to paint nor invent, for he would be busy with
               | gathering (or growing, or hunting) his own food most of
               | his time; he would also not have access to paper or
               | canvas or colors or brushes.
               | 
               | > I see no reason whatsoever to assume that those
               | sculptures weren't created by part-time artists.
               | 
               | As mentioned, hunter-gatherers are mobile at least part-
               | time, because they go from where some food grows today,
               | to where some other food roams tomorrow, to where yet
               | other food swims the day after.
               | 
               | > Social structure exists even in apes
               | 
               | And bees, and ants; but not the kind that allows a big
               | part of a society (capable adults) to engage in
               | activities that are not directly related to gathering
               | food, growing children, or fighting, but creating temples
               | and art. A group of hunter-gatherers can provide for
               | themselves, their children, and maybe their elders or
               | sick (as long as these are mobile). They can even
               | accommodate a leader or a shaman here and there; but not
               | an apparently big group of able adults that do not hunt
               | and do not gather and do not fight and do not move but
               | rather sit in one place and build a temple and statues.
               | 
               | > there is nothing substantially new in this
               | archeological find
               | 
               | Gobekli Tepe have completely changed our view of the
               | development of the human societies, as we have previously
               | believed the first civilization (Sumerians) to be as
               | recent as 5,000-4,000 BCE (or 6-7 kya). This hints at a
               | civilization twice as old as previously believed.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Hunter gatherer's had _a lot_ of free time. Based on
               | studies of the last hunter gather groups, in reasonably
               | fertile area they can spend ~15 hours per week on food
               | and ~15-20 hours per week on domestic chores. That seems
               | similar to us except we exclude tasks like commuting,
               | grocery shopping, cooking, working out, cleaning dishes
               | etc from what we consider 'work'. Thus resulting in a lot
               | more time for hobbies and socializing.
               | 
               | They move around, but would return to the same locations
               | regularly thus potentially spending years in one location
               | over their lifetime. Plenty of time to make dozens of
               | life sized statues.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | matkoniecz wrote:
               | > In reasonably fertile area they can spend ~15 hours per
               | week on food and ~15-20 hours per week on domestic
               | chores.
               | 
               | on what you base this one? (from what I remember this
               | time would not be even to even produce clothes - unless
               | it is for area of world where no clothing is needed?)
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | 1960's studies of the Bushmen one of the last remaining
               | hunter gatherer groups had roughly that much time spent
               | working. They really spent quite a lot of time working on
               | hobbies and socializing.
               | 
               | Processing animal skins is also a lot faster than
               | weaving. Clothing is ~170,000 years old, weaving is very
               | recent by comparison.
        
               | nyrikki wrote:
               | There is a very large difference not being able to
               | produce clothes and not finding clothing that happens to
               | be preserved.
               | 
               | Currently the guesses are 40,000 to 3 million years ago.
               | 
               | These people in this article are just as intelligent as
               | modern humans.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | There are rock art painting depicting details on
               | ceremonial costumes that date back 18,000 years BP, so
               | clothing goes back at least that far.
               | 
               | See: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37733157
        
             | vanderZwan wrote:
             | I fully agree with what you're saying, but I just want add
             | something to your comment in case people might misinterpret
             | this sentence:
             | 
             | > _What I think you might be missing is that Venus could be
             | a pet project of a single person, done in their free time
             | over some period._
             | 
             | Yes, _a single Venus figure_ is likely made by a single
             | person. But the Venus of Willendorf is not unique. There
             | are 200 over known  "Venus figurines" from a period of
             | 300,000 BC to 11,00 BC. So they were a wide-spread
             | phenomenon indicating some form of shared socio-cultural
             | connection among the early humans despite how far we were
             | spread out and how much lower the population density was
             | compared to now.
             | 
             | This is of course tangential to the point you were making.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_figurine
        
         | Fluorescence wrote:
         | Has the statue itself been dated? 12,000 yo is the estimated
         | founding date of Gobekli Tepe not it's last use. Humans like to
         | move things about go through many phases of inhabitation of a
         | place.
         | 
         | How is dating as a science faring in the replication crisis? It
         | seems fraught with incentives for those involved. Discover
         | something 2000 years old and no-one cares but 12,000 years old
         | and you've got a TV career and a book deal.
        
           | tomek_ycomb wrote:
           | The incentives are that the person who discovered the
           | previously oldest <12,000 island that defined their
           | archeological site as the coolest site, tends to fight. That
           | plus 3rd party dating and other solutions. Because sometimes
           | there is not a lot to go off of for dating, I've also seen
           | people complaining that samples aren't always shared. So it's
           | not perfect for sure, but I'm noting there are still
           | incentives in that system
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | I don't even understand what are you on about. The same kind of
         | statue up.to the holding of the genital has been found in the
         | same area in 1993 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urfa_Man
         | 
         | Not even talking of the fact that 25000 years before people
         | were making incredible art at the grotte Chauvet or that around
         | the same time, a 30cm statue was carved in Germany representing
         | an anthropomorphised Lion ans
        
         | blacklion wrote:
         | It is very interesting, that you says about 6000 years ago. It
         | is "calculated" (in the middle ages) age of The Great Flood.
         | 
         | I've read some opinion, that modern European historians, even
         | atheist ones, still "primed" by this number and it skews all
         | our understanding of history and perception of archaeological
         | finds. It is not some random number, but legacy of pre-
         | Renaissance Biblical studies, haunting us to these modern
         | times.
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | What moderne European historians are you talking about?
           | 
           | We know of cities 9000 years old.
        
         | prvc wrote:
         | It's roughly as complex and realistic as other artifacts that
         | have already been discovered on the site.
        
         | kcyb wrote:
         | I think you might appreciate the book The Dawn of Everything by
         | David Graeber and David Wengrow [1]. They dive into the
         | archaeological record and argue precisely that: that the common
         | story of how civilization developed is very wrong, and that
         | complex societies existed before the rise of agriculture,
         | longer than is usually assumed. These findings at Gobekli Tepe
         | appear very much in line with their theory.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dawn_of_Everything
        
         | xbmcuser wrote:
         | It has been my pet theory that human civilizations had advanced
         | a lot more before a some kind of extinction event pushed humans
         | back to 1. Maybe not as technologically advanced as the current
         | civilization but advanced in its own way.
        
           | maebert wrote:
           | It's an entertaining idea, however unfortunately easily
           | proven wrong. The most striking argument against it (or any
           | "Silurian" theory) is that any form of "civilization" in the
           | strictest sense needs permanent settlements that require
           | permanent agriculture, and hence fertilized soil. We should
           | hence be able to find nitrogen rich layers of soil or
           | sediment where prehistoric civilizations resided, but that's
           | just not the case.
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | No one mentioned agriculture though, you're attacking a
             | straw man.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | > not supposed to be possible
         | 
         | Our knowledge of such ancient peoples is so limited and subject
         | to so many filters, that we should hesitate to think of some
         | achievements as impossible. It's just not that black & white.
         | The general pattern of civilizational development could still
         | be broadly correct, with this site just being a notable
         | outlier.
        
         | M4v3R wrote:
         | > My understanding is that complex things like statues were not
         | supposed to be possible 12,000 years ago. I think it's supposed
         | to be more like 6000 years ago
         | 
         | I think your understanding was just incorrect. Here's a video
         | [0] from Kurzgesagt that explains in a nutshell when the human
         | civilisation started (spoiler: as far back as around 20,000
         | years ago, but definitely the case 12,000 years ago, though the
         | boundary is very fuzzy). But also note that even before a
         | proper civilisation started to form people already made art.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWu29PRCUvQ
        
         | unsubstantiated wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | bazoom42 wrote:
         | We know sculptures and cave-paintings much older than this,
         | some made with great artistic skill, so clearly no archeologist
         | would suggest art was "not possible" at this time. Still a
         | significant find and very fascinating.
        
           | boffinAudio wrote:
           | Not to mention, Narwala Gabarnmang pretty much blows every
           | precept about the rise of humankind out of the water.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabarnmung
           | 
           | The birthplace of masonry .. the worlds oldest, longest-
           | running university .. its oldest (still functioning) commons
           | ..
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | It's a stand out site, for sure.
             | 
             | There are more photos than just the single one in the
             | wikipedia link here:
             | 
             | https://landscapeaustralia.com/articles/nawarla-gabarnmang/
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | >The birthplace of masonry .. the worlds oldest, longest-
             | running university .. its oldest commons ..
             | 
             | Pardon my ignorance - what separates this from other sites
             | like Lascaux?
        
               | boffinAudio wrote:
               | Literally, 10's of thousands of years.
               | 
               | Gabarnmang is older, and has been _continuously occupied_
               | and in use, with only a break in occupation on the order
               | of 50 years, last century, when it was  "forgotten about"
               | by the caretakers, in order to protect it ... only to be
               | re-discovered recently (this century).
               | 
               | It is a truly extraordinary site and I personally
               | consider it the holiest of all human sites, ever. More
               | holy than any other - in constant use as a school and
               | commons, for 10's of thousands of years of human
               | existence, containing an extraordinary collection of art,
               | both ancient and contemporary ... probably one of the
               | most important collections of human art, ever.
               | 
               | If Australians had any decency they'd immediately sever
               | ties with the British and make this site the seat of
               | their new sovereign - its that powerful a record of human
               | civilization, imho.
        
         | TheGRS wrote:
         | All those thoughts were going through my head as I was reading
         | it, and I'm not like a history major or anything. Modern humans
         | biologically have been around for a pretty long time so I've
         | often wondered if civilizations existed where we simply haven't
         | found their artifacts, maybe because they didn't produce or
         | value them at the time.
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | Yup - if you are thinking about what the story was in about
         | 1978...
         | 
         | Since then there's been a big change from the idea cities were
         | the only locus of culture and technology to a view that nomadic
         | peoples were able to create significant ritual art, technical
         | knowlege, and complex cultures. Of course the view from the
         | 19th and early 20th C's was significantly informed by the need
         | to justify all the genociding of nomadic peoples ("it's for
         | their own good").
         | 
         | The idea I've heard recently is that agriculture grew out of
         | nomadic people encouraging the food plants that they would be
         | looking for in a years time by planting selected seeds and then
         | going off to the next area, over time this led to crops that
         | were more and more adapted as food stuff and this then enabled
         | settled agrarianism. Places like Gobeklitepe are thought to be
         | the ritual centers of nomadic cultures doing this sort of per-
         | agricultural precession. I have read (no expert) that are
         | similar sights in the southern united states where (now
         | genocided) nomadic people used to come together and conduct
         | major rituals which required significant communal investment
         | and co-ordination.
         | 
         | Civilization with no cities... who'd have thought?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Clearly it's aliens who made them with laser tools /s
        
       | mcpackieh wrote:
       | There must be so much more underground in that region waiting to
       | be discovered. For instance less than ten miles south is the town
       | of Kisas, about which wikipedia says: _" It is built on top of an
       | old archaeological mound (hoyuk) which has not been excavated
       | because it lies completely under the town."_
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1sas,_Haliliye
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | And what may have been destroyed and will forever be forgotten.
         | 
         | This region is only a couple miles north of Raqqa, which was an
         | ISIS stronghold only a couple years ago, and they destroyed
         | innumerable historical artifacts.
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | People seem to assume that realistic art is a sign of artistic
       | "progress" and sophistication. But is it really so?
       | 
       | People in prehistoric times must have been the most skilled stone
       | carvers ever. This was the technology of the era. What they might
       | have lacked in tooling they surely had in craftmanship and
       | available time.
       | 
       | Is it a case of not being able to carve something more realistic
       | or not _interested_ in doing do?
       | 
       | Maybe confronted with the later artistic fashion of emulating
       | reality (started in Ancient Greece and ended in the early 20th
       | century) they would retort:
       | 
       | Why waste your time reproducing something that already exists?
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | Carved in what sense?
         | 
         | Making art has more to do with how you think than how you
         | coordinate your hands.
        
         | avar wrote:
         | > People in prehistoric times must have been the most skilled
         | stone carvers ever.
         | 
         | Look up CNC stone carving, the ancient have nothing on us.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | Look up Kailasa Temple and show us a CNC equivalent one piece
           | carving of that scale.
        
       | dizhn wrote:
       | In local media photographs of the statue is lacking a penis. I
       | hope it's a photoshop job and not actual severing.
        
       | an-allen wrote:
       | I think whomever this statue represents, would get a cosmic kick
       | out of people, 12000 years into the future, appreciating the
       | majesty of his phallus.
        
         | rokkitmensch wrote:
         | Hopefully he'd also find it amusing that the press release
         | absolutely refuses to mention what he's grinning about wiggling
         | at the future.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | It looks like it's saying that Death is a wanker.
         | 
         | I wonder if it was deliberately humorous, which would add
         | another dimension.
         | 
         | I know that the Incas had statues that were basically hardcore
         | pr0n. I'm not sure the reason. Probably fertility stuff.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Everyone likes porn, some are just ashamed of it? And
           | apparently they weren't?
        
           | PepperdineG wrote:
           | It would be funny if it was the prehistoric equivalent of the
           | city of Dog River putting up a sign saying "Wullerton Sucks!"
           | It could for instance represent a foreigner with the statue
           | saying certain foreigners are wankers.
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | I feel like comedy is so cultural that there are a number of
           | artifacts that are jokes, but we'll never, ever know.
           | 
           | Like this thing - maybe it's mocking someone? Who knows.
        
             | hnbad wrote:
             | It's nearby a relief that is literally some guy stroking
             | his cock with his other hand resting on his stomach. For
             | all we know this was just the work of a very dedicated and
             | very horny artist.
        
           | tanepiper wrote:
           | Archaeologist: "This amazing find represents us understanding
           | early humans and their ties to the seasons and fertility"
           | 
           | [8000 years earlier]
           | 
           | "Man": "Yea, so Gary over there cut down my favourite Olive
           | tree so I commissioned this huge statute of a dick to let him
           | know how much I hate him"
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | It's always funny to me how some people will go out of their
           | way to avoid acknowledging that historical people may have
           | liked sex or even been queer.
           | 
           | My favorite example is that of two Roman men apparently
           | living together as a household and having items with very
           | graphic depictions of sexual acts between men. They were
           | obviously two very heterosexual men (maybe brothers) and the
           | depictions of men ravaging each other's buttocks were
           | probably a fertility or sports thing.
           | 
           | I may be wrong but I don't believe that the reason that
           | bathroom stalls are frequently adorned with crude sketches of
           | penises is "fertility stuff" either rather than just "lol
           | dicks" and I don't think it's a stretch to extrapolate from
           | this to prehistory.
           | 
           | There's a very real possibility that this is just a 12,000
           | year old "realistic human statue" of some bloke double-
           | palming his stiffy (which according to the article is
           | incidentally near a relief of another bloke presenting his
           | stiffy one-handed with the other hand on his stomach). Yes, a
           | two meters tall statue takes quite a bit of effort and
           | suggests more than one person being involved in the process
           | but that shouldn't be surprising.
        
             | dsign wrote:
             | :-)
             | 
             | It is said[^1] that the God of the Jews ravaged Pompeii
             | because of polarized views on the matter of sexuality. A
             | bit later, they won the war for the heart of Western
             | culture. So, yes, those bros had those statues and
             | depictions for the sake of fertility and sports, and our
             | modern occidental brains[^2] will keep glitching when told
             | otherwise.
             | 
             | [^1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haP5MoLyWGw
             | 
             | [^2] In case you feel tempted to say those Western values
             | have always been universal:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phallus_paintings_in_Bhutan
        
       | solardev wrote:
       | Seems like graphics have gotten a bit better since then
        
         | kshacker wrote:
         | CSS (Cosmetic Self-Care and Surgery) has come a long way over
         | the millennia
        
       | quasarj wrote:
       | Am I high? The face is completely missing in the pictures, what
       | is this nonsense about a "lifelike" facial expression?
       | 
       | That's a lifelike penis, at least.
        
         | burtonator wrote:
         | Yeah... rock hard!
        
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