[HN Gopher] Could EU force hardware manufacturers to make workin...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Could EU force hardware manufacturers to make working drivers for
       Linux?
        
       Author : opengears
       Score  : 155 points
       Date   : 2023-10-01 17:06 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (old.reddit.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (old.reddit.com)
        
       | 0xDEF wrote:
       | A lot of the innovation in the GPU space and competition between
       | Nvidia and AMD happens at the driver level.
       | 
       | This could be an
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | I'd rather they force them to release documentation instead,
       | documentation which they certainly already have, and which
       | hardware manufacturers used to freely provide.
       | 
       | If they're worried about IP, that's what the patent system is
       | for.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | Of course they could. Will they? Probably not. Should they?
       | Maybe. Do I want them to? Hell yeah. Let's light this
       | firecracker.
        
       | webmobdev wrote:
       | Remember how old electrical appliances used to come with full
       | circuit diagrams to help repair them? That's one way to go about
       | this is - force hardware manufacturers to provide complete device
       | and technical specification (e.g.
       | https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.p...
       | (PDF)) for every hardware they manufacture. This should enable
       | any competent system developers to create the drivers for it, for
       | any software system. (After all, realistically, we cannot force
       | hardware manufacturers to create drivers for every OS in the
       | world).
       | 
       | One major objection we can expect is that sometimes hardware
       | manufacturers deliberately cripple their products through their
       | drivers. This enables them to sell a cheaper version, that is
       | crippled, and a costlier one that isn't. One example of this is
       | Intel and AMD manufacturing a quad-core processor, but selling
       | the same processor as dual-core and quad-core (remember how AMD
       | allowed you to "unlock" extra cores on their processors?). I
       | think NVIDIA also limits some of their graphic card with their
       | drivers, to sell the same hardware at different prices.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | This is why society is screwed.
       | 
       | All these people don't understand the dangers of socialism.
       | History is bound to repeat itself.
       | 
       | The cost of the EU forcing everyone to adopt a standard is that
       | next time a new manufacturer need to enter the market, it will
       | have to cater to the need of the 1% (of which I am part, I'd love
       | to have drivers for linux for everything).
       | 
       | Who is going to benefit from this regulation? The existing
       | players who can afford to support linux: it will be peanuts for
       | them and it will make or break a new broke manufacturer.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | We can make it so that it only applies to the really big or top
         | 5 (say) manufacturers.
        
       | skirge wrote:
       | What I want should be a right and someone forced to provide it to
       | me? Cool, until I'm the one forced to do something, then it's
       | exploitation.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | More likely they would require companies to publish specs
       | suitable for driver authors. I've always thought that companies
       | treating their register configuration and I/O offsets as a trade
       | secret is ridiculous.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | This sounds much more reasonable to me. Banning unnecessary
         | hardware DRM and requiring specs to get published would be a
         | much more effective way to stimulate the market. Forcing
         | manufacturers to publish Linux drivers would probably just end
         | up in low-effort support on either side. The last person I want
         | writing my Linux drivers is someone who doesn't care.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Yeah, you know it would end up with the manufacturers just
           | releasing a binary driver for exactly one point release of
           | the kernel and calling that box checked. Might even just be
           | some NDIS thing where they wrap the Windows driver to get it
           | mostly working.
        
         | msm_ wrote:
         | This. Linked post is a misconception of how EU actually work.
         | They will never "hardcode" something like "linux drivers" into
         | the law. But, in theory, they could write a law like "If you
         | want to sell your device in the EU, you must publish a freely
         | available technical spec with enough level of detail to write a
         | functioning driver".
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | This would not even be something completely new.
           | 
           | It would just revert the market for computer peripherals and
           | interfaces to how it was before the launch of MS Windows 95.
           | 
           | In the MS-DOS days everything was provided with detailed
           | technical information, so you could write your own device
           | drivers, for any operating system.
           | 
           | This ended in 1995, after which most hardware vendors stopped
           | providing documentation and replaced it with MS Windows
           | device drivers.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | Do you realize how much the PC ecosystem sucked back then?
        
               | kichimi wrote:
               | Do you have any point of substance to make here? What do
               | you mean by it sucked, and how does that relate to
               | publishing driver specs?
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Yes, it's a dumb idealistic idea that never worked in
               | practice. Geeks spent forever trying to get crappy
               | drivers working IRQ conflicts fixed, etc.
               | 
               | It wasn't until Windows 95 and WinHec and "Plug and Play"
               | that x86 based PCs became usable for the mass market
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | That was largely hardware issues. In particular without a
               | way to negotiate between drivers conflicts were doomed to
               | happen regardless of who was writing the driver,
               | especially with the relatively small number of resources
               | to pull from.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Maybe, but that's a separate matter from publishing specs
               | that would let someone write a driver.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | How well did that work in the past when for profit
               | companies had a motivation to write good drivers? You
               | think it's going to be a seamless mass market experience
               | _this time_?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | I don't see the connection. Two things appear to be true:
               | 1. In the past, it was common to publish actual specs for
               | talking to hardware. 2. In the past, drivers often
               | sucked. You appear to be claiming that the first thing
               | caused the second, but I can't see any reason for that to
               | follow. It's not like hardware manufacturers couldn't, or
               | indeed didn't, write their own official drivers, and on
               | the other hand there's no reason to believe that a 3rd-
               | party driver written using proper hardware docs wouldn't
               | work well. In fact, it's quite reasonable to suggest that
               | the improvement in quality is entirely tied to overall
               | architecture improvements, mostly (as cousin comments
               | point out) device enumeration standards and possibly OS
               | improvements (preemptive multitasking and memory
               | protection).
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | The days spent trying to get drivers to work and deal with
             | their bugs and conflicts were seriously grim.
        
           | bubblethink wrote:
           | And the ability to use such a driver. Hell, even the spec
           | wouldn't be such a strong requirement as people can reverse
           | them. The issue is usually the firmware and signature checks.
        
         | bpye wrote:
         | This would be my expectation too. Though I'd think you'd need
         | to go one further - hardware manuals AND a license to
         | redistribute any necessary firmware binaries - the latter has
         | been an issue with Nouveau for example.
         | 
         | In fact I think manuals are probably better in a lot of cases,
         | OEM drivers are routinely terrible.
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Drivers... I don't know if I could sign on for that for the
       | following reasons:
       | 
       | 1. The burden it would put on smaller manufacturers and companies
       | (every little regulation adds up), especially difficult
       | considering the comparative lack of qualified developers
       | 
       | 2. Drivers != Quality, Upstreamable Drivers. Making the
       | judgements of Linux maintainers legally binding is a bad idea.
       | Case in point: Apple has Linux drivers internally, they're just
       | not complete or upstreamable. You would be forced to fight the
       | Linux maintainers (and the power trips they already have!) in
       | order to legally sell your product.
       | 
       | 3. If we can force companies to support Linux, why not force all
       | websites to support Firefox? Why not force all desktop programs
       | like Adobe to support Linux? Etc...
       | 
       | 4. What about poor FreeBSD? Serenity OS? That guy who still loves
       | OS/2?
        
         | ohdannyboy wrote:
         | Don't forget TempleOS, lest you be religiously intolerant.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > 3. If we can force companies to support Linux, why not force
         | all websites to support Firefox? Why not force all desktop
         | programs like Adobe to support Linux? Etc...
         | 
         | ...Although I agree that there are questions about required
         | effort and breadth of support and burden to smaller companies,
         | every one of those sound like wonderful outcomes to me.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jraph wrote:
       | I don't think the law being Linux-specific would be right.
       | 
       | But making them release comprehensive documentation / specs and
       | forbidding them from requiring signed firmware would be
       | something.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Please no.
       | 
       | The idea is rooted in idealism, but absolute crap will be
       | produced in reality.
        
       | noobermin wrote:
       | I've swung over the last few years from thinking it's
       | manufacturers' fault to realising that most of the fault here
       | lies with the linux project itself. They're the ones who have
       | normalised constant churn and thus needing to keep drivers for
       | hardware, sometimes many years old, up to date year after year or
       | even month after month. After seeing the churn mentality affect
       | everything mainly spreading from web dev circles to the rest of
       | the ecosystem, it's hard not to identify that trend as having
       | been the norm in the kernel for decades.
       | 
       | I've only come to realise that blaming manufacturers for failing
       | to keep up to date with a constantly moving target was totally
       | unfair.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Yes, ideology has a price.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > I've only come to realise that blaming manufacturers for
         | failing to keep up to date with a constantly moving target was
         | totally unfair.
         | 
         | The intention of keeping the kernel moving and unstable _at the
         | inner layer_ is intentional: it is a negative incentive to make
         | people at least publish documentation, if not outright publish
         | driver source code, in the open.
         | 
         | The userspace-facing layer of Linux has remained very VERY
         | stable over the decades, no matter the consequences [1].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://archive.fosdem.org/2016/schedule/event/design_linux_...
        
         | eep_social wrote:
         | Sorry but your claim is that Linux is the driver of churn?!
         | That's a wild thought.
         | 
         | Hard for me to imagine how Linux could be more responsible that
         | the incentives of capitalism, eg planned obsolescence, the race
         | to the bottom, and consumer demand for more and better cameras,
         | storage, etc.
        
           | noobermin wrote:
           | I didn't claim that it birthed it but that the same issue I
           | see in the unsustainability in software today is literally
           | the norm in the kernel. If it's bad in one domain, perhaps
           | it's reasonable to question its value in the other.
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | Look at the realtek drivers made by realtek. Reconsider.
        
         | caeser wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | If the hardware is not too insanely complex, until there is a
       | maintained and properly written open source driver with public
       | hardware programming documentation for some OS, a working linux
       | driver will probably follow if this hardware has a pertinent
       | meaning.
        
       | gumballindie wrote:
       | That would be amasing, and should happen. If you sell hardware
       | you should include all documentation, code and support needed to
       | use it.
        
       | doikor wrote:
       | Why should EU give preference to Linux over any other operating
       | system?
       | 
       | A much more EU "style" directive would be to force the companies
       | to release enough of the specs so anyone can write the driver if
       | they want to.
        
         | mnd999 wrote:
         | A much more EU style directive would be to force all operating
         | systems to use the Linux 5.1 kernel.
        
           | diego_sandoval wrote:
           | A much more EU style directive would be to force all
           | operating systems to ask on every boot: Do you consent for
           | this OS to store files on your hard drive?
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | No, the EU version of that would be requiring OSs to ask
             | before using a disk, and certain proprietary OSs deciding
             | to spam the user with requests on every boot until they
             | consent - at which point suddenly the OS can magically
             | remember _that_ preference - and then pretending that the
             | law forced them to do that even though it said no such
             | thing.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | That's also fine.
        
       | chx wrote:
       | _facepalm_
       | 
       | Whoever asked this have not considered for one second what would
       | it mean in a way that can be put into legislation to "make
       | drivers that work equally in linux, windows and even macOS". This
       | is an incredibly, incredibly difficult topic. How would you
       | phrase and likely measure "equality" here? I have no clue how to
       | answer this even in layman terms. Perhaps someone would need to
       | create and maintain a test suite covering all class of
       | peripherals covered by the legislation and mandate this test
       | suite passes. But even that would not cover performance. Much
       | good does it to you if the video card tests pass unaccelerated.
       | 
       | And then the way this question is put forward also shows this
       | person is not at all familiar with how the EU works. The EU does
       | not have laws in the very first place. It does not. But that
       | aside, the amount of study and coordination that goes into
       | creating or amending an existing directive is just monumental.
       | You would need a strong, compelling need to go through a multi
       | year process, costing many millions of euros. In this case, the
       | need was crystal clear: "these new obligations will lead to more
       | re-use of chargers and will help consumers save up to 250 million
       | euro a year on unnecessary charger purchases. Disposed of and
       | unused chargers account for about 11 000 tonnes of e-waste
       | annually in the EU". How many EU consumers are even affected?
       | Because mobile phone chargers, these days, affect everyone (above
       | the age of three or some such).
       | 
       | Here's a quote from the relevant USB C legislation:
       | 
       | Stakeholder consultations
       | 
       | The following consultation activities were conducted between May
       | 2019 and April 2021 in order to assess potential areas for
       | revision and the impacts of the suggested policy option in
       | various areas:
       | 
       | - an inception impact assessment (2018-2019) targeted citizens,
       | consumer associations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs),
       | manufacturers' associations, and individual manufacturers;
       | 
       | - a public consultation (2019) targeted member states, citizens,
       | consumer associations, NGOs, manufacturers' associations, and
       | individual manufacturers;
       | 
       | - two consumer surveys (2019 and 2021) targeted citizens;
       | 
       | - a stakeholders survey (2020-2021) targeted Member States,
       | citizens, consumer associations, and manufacturers;
       | 
       | - targeted interviews (2021) targeted consumer associations,
       | environmental associations, market surveillance authorities,
       | NGOs, manufacturers' associations, and manufacturers;
       | 
       | - expert group meetings targeted consumer associations, Member
       | States, market surveillance authorities, NGOs, manufacturers'
       | associations, and manufacturer
       | 
       | And all of that was to survey compelling to use an existing, well
       | understood, already ubiquitous standard.
        
       | viktorcode wrote:
       | There's absolutely no legal basis for it. EC technically may risk
       | it and then lose in court.
        
       | loup-vaillant wrote:
       | They don't necessarily have to: there's another, more
       | comprehensive hammer they (or the US for that matter) could use:
       | disallow vertical integration.
       | 
       | Force hardware vendors to _only_ sell hardware. If any software
       | that can be changed remotely or by the user is off limits. Even
       | firmware. Conversely, software vendors can _only_ sell (or freely
       | distribute) software. For vendors from abroad, don 't go extra-
       | territorial, just force them to chose: either they only sell
       | hardware in the EU, or they only sell software. Intel and
       | microsoft would have no problem. NVDIA might complain very
       | loudly. Apple would likely have to split itself.
       | 
       | Now the complicated part is how to define a company. We don't
       | want a single company to just split itself into 2 legal entities
       | that work so closely together they might as well be the same
       | company.
       | 
       | Do that, and you'll get much better than device drivers for _one_
       | free OS. You 'll get the necessary specs required to make it work
       | on _all_ OSes. Even better, the user-facing hardware interface
       | will start to matter, and there will be some selection pressure
       | to drive the more complex ones, or the non-standard ones, out of
       | the market. (Won 't be ideal, I can see a particular over-complex
       | architecture win out, similar to x86, but at least there won't be
       | that many left, so writing a driver for most devices will
       | actually be possible).
        
         | osigurdson wrote:
         | In practice, what fines would hardware manufacturers be held
         | liable for for any bugs in their specifications? How do we
         | conclude that, yes, a hardware manufacturer hasn't lived up to
         | the regulation? Perhaps the operating system is "using it
         | wrong". Do governments have entire departments running tests on
         | these devices?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | That's in part why I didn't propose that we force
           | manufacturers to specify their products, but simply make sure
           | that if they don't, nobody would want to use their product.
           | Who would buy a CPU they don't know the ISA of?
           | 
           | Forcing the separation between software and hardware
           | companies may be more stringent, but it may be simpler to
           | enforce, and likely even more effective at making sure the
           | hardware is humanely specified than direct regulation would
           | be.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Sounds great - there's just one problem: The desktop
         | applications will still almost entirely be written for Windows.
         | Or MacOS. Or Android.
         | 
         | So yay, you can buy a device... and 99% of people will install
         | the same OS on it that it would have originally come with
         | anyway. What's the point here?
         | 
         | You'd have to say desktop apps must support all competing
         | operating systems. But, hah, good luck with that.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | The hope is that hardware interfaces harmonise to the point
           | where writing a new OS becomes actually possible. Right now
           | it's not, there simply is too much diversity, and that's
           | before we talk about all the quirks in hardware APIs vendors
           | currently hide under the software rug. Then maybe, just
           | _maybe_ , we could start some real competition on the OS
           | space.
           | 
           | Even if that doesn't happen I would be happy with the end of
           | vendor lock-in.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | You'd have to define "hardware" in a rather interesting way for
         | that to have any hope of working.
         | 
         | Consider any sort of user-facing device (say, an electronic
         | toy, or a music performance device, or for that matter, even a
         | phone). These are all _aggregates_ of hardware made by other
         | companies. Yet they are also hardware. Being unable to develop
         | such devices along with the firmware that runs them would make
         | it more or less impossible to develop them at all. So where
         | does  "hardware" stop and "device" start?
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | Let's say one wants to make hardware made of 3 pieces of
           | hardware that talk to each other. They may need to write
           | firmware to do that. At a first approximation, I would say
           | one of the following should apply:
           | 
           | Either the firmware can be modified by the user, or remotely,
           | in which case it should not be shipped.
           | 
           | Or it is an implementation detail of the communication
           | between the 3 pieces of hardware, not reasonably modifiable
           | without returning the whole thing to the factory, in which
           | case that firmware is actually part of the 3-piece hardware,
           | and _can_ be shipped.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | But it is often _both_. Just because it is essential for
             | proper operation and therefore an implementation detail,
             | doesn 't mean it cannot be updated.
             | 
             | Even a device as trivial as a keyboard, mouse, or SSD drive
             | has firmware which can be updated. Shipping them without
             | firmware would be completely ludicrous, and you'd basically
             | buy a fancy brick. Hell, you need to flash firmware onto it
             | in the factory to make future updates by the user possible!
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | I know no other way to say this. But this idea is just dumb.
         | The entire value proposition would be worse for everyone.
         | Software and hardware integration is what makes a product
         | better.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > Software and hardware integration is what makes a product
           | better.
           | 
           | ... Except for the times when it makes things worse.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | And when would that be?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | I suppose I should say _forced_ integration; ex. see the
               | recent nonsense with Hue deciding you need an account to
               | control your local lightbulbs, which isn 't a problem
               | with third party apps. I'm generally skeptical of
               | vertical integration because of lock in, but if it's not
               | forced it's less obviously bad.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | If only adults had agency to make their own decisions
               | about _lightbulbs_ without depending on the government...
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | What decision would those adults make? The vendor changed
               | the deal after the sale.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | If only adults had the agency to make their own decision
               | about how to deal with corporate malfeasance.
               | 
               | Like back in the good old days when lynching was an
               | option. /s
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | You realize that said lynching was very often
               | institutionalized and encouraged by local authorities? Do
               | you think corporations were the ones doing the lynching?
               | 
               | Even in the context of the extreme hyperbole of this
               | entire comment chain, your analogy is pretty extreme and
               | does not make sense. Jim Crow laws weren't stopped by
               | regulation, they were stopped by dismantling government
               | enforced rules.
               | 
               | And yes, it might sound crazy but individuals can
               | actually decide what light bulb to buy or what computer
               | to buy. And thinking so isn't even remotely libertarian
               | or hyper capitalist. We aren't talking about labor rights
               | or healthcare or other very asymmetric power imbalances.
               | People just like to buy computers and devices that nerds
               | and euh, let's say, activists dislike or ideologically
               | disagree with. It doesn't make them sheep, or stupid, or
               | ignorant.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Yes because choosing which light bulb to use is analogous
               | to lynching.
               | 
               | You realize it was the government that enforced Jim Crow
               | laws, against miscegenation, and "sodomy" (ie non
               | heterosexual sex).
               | 
               | Not to mention the "War on Drugs", civil forfeiture and
               | using eminent domain to take away private property to
               | give to another company.
               | 
               | I can much easier choose which corporation to use than
               | the government.
               | 
               | And looking at some of the ideas on this submission, I
               | damn sure don't want some internet geeks deciding what
               | products I can use and how they are made.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | The lightbulbs were changed _after sale_ , consumer
               | choice is irrelevant here.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | > _either they only sell hardware in the EU, or they only sell
         | software. Intel and microsoft would have no problem._
         | 
         | Intel has microcode.
         | 
         | Microsoft has Xbox which I'd guess would have issues getting
         | game releases if excluded from a decent-sized market.
         | 
         | Also. My phone (hardware) came with an OS (software) already
         | installed. As do other pre-assembled computers.
        
         | chme wrote:
         | I get you in principle, but the company should still be allowed
         | to sell hardware with some default software installed, because
         | if I had to search for someone on the internet that wrote
         | software for my specific smart TV, washing machine or whatever
         | this becomes much more painful.
         | 
         | I would rather see a 'right to repair' extended to software
         | bundled. Any device or software that can connect to a network
         | or can be interfaced with in any way is prone to security (or
         | any other) bugs, which the customer should have the right to
         | fix themselves, because they bought it, and in order to do so,
         | the company needs to hand out the source code and documentation
         | for all their devices.
         | 
         | Also about vendor writing Linux drivers, you probably don't
         | want them too, there are already vendor board support packages
         | (BSP) out there that enabled their hardware on Linux, but those
         | are overwhelmingly abysmal in quality.
         | 
         | What you rather want is for vendors to upstream their driver
         | into the kernel, so that it is properly integrated, doesn't
         | break the hardware of others and has a high quality, but that
         | process is not something you can regulate and force.
        
           | thomastjeffery wrote:
           | Of course your hardware would come with software installed!
           | That software would simply be _written by_ a separate
           | company.
           | 
           | We already do this! HP didn't write Windows, but they sure as
           | hell sell laptops with Windows preinstalled.
        
         | vegetablepotpie wrote:
         | I like this idea because it's incredibly American. If we're
         | going to go full on free-market, we might as well live up to
         | those principles.
         | 
         | There is precedent for this idea, in 1948 the Supreme Court
         | forced the film studios to give up exhibition (theaters) with
         | the paramount decision. This enabled the rise of independent
         | film, and audiences benefited from more choice.
         | 
         | If you try to do this legislatively the Apples and the NVidias
         | of the world will hire an army of lobbyists and storm Capitol
         | Hill. But it might be to their benefit. After the breakup of
         | Standard Oil, John Rockefeller became _richer_ because
         | competition forced out the less efficient portions of his old
         | business from the market.
         | 
         | It's true that it could temporarily degrade the _user
         | experience_ of some people, but that's a small price to pay.
         | People who give up liberty for safety, deserve neither liberty
         | nor safety.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | There are so many flawed analogies here it's hard to know
           | where to start. How will it make my everyday experience
           | better as an Apple customer without the integration of
           | software and hardware between my Mac, iPads Watch, Airpods
           | and phone?
           | 
           | Windows laptops are worse in every vector than MacBooks. No
           | consumer is asking for this.
           | 
           | So you want to degrade the user experience for "freedom" by
           | giving the government more power???
        
             | webmobdev wrote:
             | > * How will it make my everyday experience better as an
             | Apple customer without the integration of software and
             | hardware between my Mac, iPads Watch, Airpods and phone?*
             | 
             | "Open Standards" - There is no reason that your Mac or
             | iPhone should _only_ work with other Apple products through
             | closed and proprietary standards. With adoption of open
             | standards, all devices (irrespective of their manufacturer)
             | can offer a decent integrated experience.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Yeah and that works out well with Android and Bluetooth.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Yeah, it did. Your point?
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | You can seamlessly share standard Bluetooth devices
               | between 5 devices just by pairing it to one like I do
               | with my iPhone, iPad, Watch, MacBook and AppleTV and it
               | automatically switches?
        
               | tonoto wrote:
               | "seamlessly". I've had trouble between just an Apple-
               | branded mobile phone and their branded all-in-one
               | computer when it comes to the Apple-branded wireless
               | headphones. The ping-pong between active sound
               | channel/device had me disable the "seamless" handover, as
               | it were a subpar experience for me. Better to manually
               | decide which device that actively "owns" the channel.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Yeah. Multipoint connection has been a part of the
               | Bluetooth spec since 4.0. Compatible devices will connect
               | to anything available nearby and negotiate audio to
               | whichever device pressed 'play' last. No iCloud mumbo-
               | jumbo required, it was smoother than the Airpods
               | experience when I was using it.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And how many "multipoint" devices support an unlimited
               | number of devices? I currently have 2 AppleTVs, a
               | MacBook, iPad, an iPhone and an Apple Watch all paired to
               | my AirPods .
               | 
               | What's the pairing process like? Mine is just - sign into
               | iCloud and my AirPods show up.
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | I have JBL headphones currently paired with Samsung
               | phone, tablet, Intel NUC running Ubuntu and MacBook Pro
               | running macOS. No problem, no cloud login necessary.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | That's still less than the 6 devices I have..
        
               | happymellon wrote:
               | Isn't that literally the point. Crappy drivers and no
               | hardware documentation?
        
               | krick wrote:
               | It is a great idea, but with a caveat: communism is a
               | great idea too, and pretty much in the same sense. I can
               | say that about most of the propositions in this thread.
               | 
               | I, as a user (and a vim-user, may I add), would like it
               | very much if all the software and hardware in the world
               | would be fully open, customizable, community-maintained.
               | I, as a manufacturer, am less keen on that idea. So, to
               | make it happen, every manufacturer has to be _forced_ to
               | make that happen. So, literally, we are stepping farther
               | from the open market and killing some personal freedom
               | under a promise of a bright happy future.
               | 
               | And the realness of that promise is as questionable, as
               | the means necessary to achieve the goal. As I've said,
               | personally, I'm very excited about that promise. But it
               | really is just a promise, and if it can be fulfilled is a
               | very, very big question.
               | 
               | Ultimately, nobody really sells hardware or software.
               | Everybody sells user-experience. It is very obvious in
               | Apple's case, but it is always true. It's easy to forget
               | that when you are choosing the cheapest light bulbs on
               | the market, because the user-experience of having
               | electric light in your house has been sold to you so long
               | ago, there are so many basically identical products that
               | the only apparent difference to you is the price. Now you
               | perceive GPUs (or bluetooth, or whatever) as light bulbs.
               | But at some point selling a GPU or a light bulb was quite
               | similar to selling a novel iSomething. The seller had to
               | explain to you, not so much what iSomething is, but _how_
               | iSomething makes your life better. And if the technology
               | that makes this promise of the user-experience a reality
               | is hardware, software or just exceptional marketing --
               | really is just details.
               | 
               | So, as much as I hate that my fitness-watch is basically
               | a spying device and I don't even own the data it produces
               | (and I mean, I really hate that), I don't feel like
               | forcing Garmin to open-source the firmware is the right
               | thing to do. Maybe I would support some more forceful
               | moves to make the generated data my property, but even
               | here the line is blurry. But forcing them (and better
               | think: you, as a manufacturer) to make _something other_
               | than you wanted to make -- ...why the fuck should I? Who
               | decides what is that common standard I don 't want in my
               | product, but I have to, to be legally allowed to sell
               | that? I think, I just like the idea of personal freedom a
               | bit too much to support that. I'd much prefer Garmin just
               | losing to competition that chooses open firmware, than
               | legally forcing them to produce anything they didn't want
               | to produce.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _How will it make my everyday experience better as an
             | Apple customer without the integration of software and
             | hardware between my Mac, iPads Watch, Airpods and phone?_
             | 
             | Perhaps that's the wrong question. Perhaps "making my
             | everyday experience better as a customer" is not the be all
             | end all.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Thinking you know better than customers is a classic.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So now you want the government to pass laws that make
               | consumer experience worse?
               | 
               | Maybe _that_ will cause the "Year of Linux on the
               | Desktop" to happen.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | Mandating open standards is not the same thing as 'making
               | consumer experience worse'.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So everything that any company designs should go through
               | a committee before it's introduced and become parts of a
               | standards body?
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > How will it make my everyday experience better as an
             | Apple customer without the integration
             | 
             | Perhaps you should ask the inverse - how good would your
             | experience with Apple be, if there were no open standards
             | paid for by someone else, and fought for by someone else?
             | 
             | You wouldn't even have GPS and navigation. You would not
             | have HTML or the open web. Before we fought for video
             | codecs compatibility you could not even get a video that
             | was recorded on a Device A to reliably play on Device B.
             | The phone would be almost useless.
             | 
             | The people that argue this, they only take from the commons
             | and never give back.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I think you should look up the history of h.264 and see
               | who is in the patent pool...
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | You should go even further and check the video playback
               | experience on apple machines, when divx was all the rage
               | and apple had just a sorrenson video 3. And yeah, full-
               | screen playback was a qt pro feature, paid extra.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Or you can go even further back when Microsoft was caught
               | stealing QT code because they couldn't do video
               | competently themselves and Apple could (circa 1995).
               | 
               | And every Mac geek knew how to work around it either via
               | free third party software or just using AppleScript
               | 
               | https://osxdaily.com/2007/01/30/play-quicktime-movies-
               | full-s...
        
             | fooker wrote:
             | What if by letting this anti-competitive monopolies
             | survive, we are getting future better 'everyday
             | experiences' killed in their cribs?
             | 
             | Large companies routinely buy out startups, kill their
             | products, and absorbs the teams.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Well, we have three examples of well resourced companies
               | that weren't able to compete in the smart phone market -
               | Microsoft, Amazon and Facebook.
               | 
               | You really think a little startup is going to be able to
               | do hardware at scale?
               | 
               | Was it big bad Apple that killed all of those phones or
               | maybe it is just consumers made a choice using their own
               | free will?
               | 
               | You really think that the startups didn't have "being
               | bought by a big company" as an exit strategy in the first
               | place?
               | 
               | Out of all the companies that YC has funded (1000+) only
               | six have ever gone public.
               | 
               | Were all the little companies that Apple acquired to
               | integrate into their phone in an alternate universe going
               | to create a phone?
        
         | gigatexal wrote:
         | What if we allow hardware manufacturers to create software to
         | run their hardware but open the schematics and make the
         | hardware hackable such that others can run software they want?
         | That seems like a decent compromise because there's very little
         | margin in hardware alone and if you force hardware makers to go
         | that route pretty soon there won't be any because they'll all
         | have gone out of business.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | unix_fan wrote:
         | This would be terrible for specialized hardware, such as
         | assistive technology. Open source software doesn't really exist
         | for it because there is simply no interest.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | We could carve out exceptions for specific niches. Ugly, but
           | could work.
           | 
           | Who says the software has to be open? It would be better for
           | sure, but companies may be interested in selling software for
           | assistive technologies.
           | 
           | Interest may go up if the barrier to entry lowers.
           | Undocumented hardware is quite the turn off.
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | rather than "disallow vertical integration", start with
         | "disallow lock-out". By all means, vertically integrate as much
         | as you want but it should not be illegal for someone to take
         | your hardware and use it for another purpose that you have no
         | say in, or write and run software using your hardware without
         | you having a say in that.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | Yeah, someone on that Reddit thread said it right - force the
           | companies to publish documentation for the interfaces. Let
           | the hackers write the drivers without painful, slow and
           | error-prone reverse engineering.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | It would be more prudent indeed to just force hardware
           | vendors to release the specs, and it would be even more
           | prudent still to just disallow lock-out. I would start there
           | like you suggest.
           | 
           | I do suspect however that we'd miss out on many benefits if
           | we don't go all the way the way to disallowing vertical
           | integration eventually. It's also something I rarely see
           | spoken of.
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | We live with such an extreme amount of vertical integration
         | today that people actually believe it is benefiting them.
         | 
         | Every time I see an Amazon delivery truck, part of me dies
         | inside.
        
         | askonomm wrote:
         | Well that world would suck immensely, with horrible integration
         | between hardware and software like exists right now outside of
         | the Apple world. Case in point: can you copy text on your
         | phone, and paste in your computer (and vice versa), seamlessly
         | as if it were the same device, without any configuration, hacks
         | or programs needed? Things like that are amazing and I'd never
         | give up. And I'm sure most people wouldn't want to give this up
         | either just because Linux fanboys want to.
        
           | ta8903 wrote:
           | KDEConnect lets you sync your phone keyboard, even with
           | Windows. And Apple could let you sync your clipboard to non-
           | iOS devices too, they just block arbitrary features unless
           | you buy into their entire ecosystem.
        
             | askonomm wrote:
             | I did mention without installing a program, and without any
             | configuration.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | What is KDE Connect? Which incidentally runs equally well on
           | other desktops and even windows.
           | 
           | https://userbase.kde.org/KDEConnect
           | 
           | Also gsconnect can provide integration with gnome.
           | 
           | https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1319/gsconnect/
           | 
           | KDE Connect is a project that enables all your devices to
           | communicate with each other. Here are a few things KDE
           | Connect can do:                   Receive your phone
           | notifications on your desktop computer and reply to messages
           | Control music playing on your desktop from your phone
           | Use your phone as a remote control for your desktop
           | Run predefined commands on your PC from connected devices.
           | See the list of example commands for more details.
           | Check your phones battery level from the desktop
           | Ring your phone to help finding it              Share files
           | and links between devices              Browse your phone from
           | the desktop              Control the desktop's volume from
           | the phone
           | 
           | Also you can read and reply to messages on your Android phone
           | by navigating to messages.google.com without installing
           | anything
           | 
           | Firefox and I presume chrome let you push tabs from one
           | machine to the other or with forefox simply pull up a list of
           | tabs currently open on the other device.
           | 
           | Unified remote also gives you a great remote for our
           | multimedia pc.
           | 
           | Basically every email service abd chat app has good
           | integration between desktop and phone.
           | 
           | Mpd and mafa lets me easily listen to my music
           | 
           | Calibre and calibre companion let's me easily sync my books
           | 
           | I doubt one person making these things would make them better
        
             | ggreer wrote:
             | KDE Connect requires both devices to be connected to the
             | same network, which means you have to connect your devices
             | to the same VPN if you're on a wifi network with client
             | isolation (most public wifi). If you're away from wifi,
             | you'll have to configure one of the devices to be an access
             | point and join everything else to that device.
             | 
             | Apple's clipboard/handoff/continuity automatically works as
             | long as the devices are within wifi/bluetooth range.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | This is a good point and a good reason to propose an
               | improvement to KDE Connect but users point was that
               | integration would be awful if not done by the same party
               | and it seems to my eyes to be pretty good despite one
               | being created by a party with literally a billionth of
               | the resources of the other.
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | Really your example serves as disproving your point, without
           | the hardware walled garden there could be nothing to prevent
           | apple to distribute the software to copy-paste from-to
           | multiple devices
        
             | lnxg33k1 wrote:
             | Ah just forgot to add to the point, its possible to copy
             | paste from mobile/desktop with kconnect that is open
             | source, its not that bit of a deal that requires special
             | hardware
        
           | tincholio wrote:
           | Not only copy/paste, but have notifications shared both ways,
           | use your computer as a phone laptop, use the phone as a
           | trackpad/mouse, and much more. It just works.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | the_third_wave wrote:
           | Yes, that works if I want it to, e.g by running KDE Connect
           | (which works outside of KDE). Works on Linux, Android,
           | Windows and even on Apple-things in case you need to escape
           | the walled garden...
        
             | askonomm wrote:
             | Sounds like it needs a special program and configuration,
             | which is not needed on Apple devices. Also, KDE Connect
             | needs both devices to be in the same network - which is not
             | needed for Apple devices. My phone can be on 5G, and my Mac
             | can be on wifi. Or they don't have to connected to a
             | network at all.
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | > Sounds like it needs a special program and
               | configuration, which is not needed on Apple devices
               | 
               | How else would it work across different devices? Apple
               | devices can not connect to e.g. Android devices without a
               | 'special program and configuration' nor can they do so
               | with Linux or Windows or whatever other devices.
               | 
               | > Also, KDE Connect needs both devices to be in the same
               | network - which is not needed for Apple devices
               | 
               | KDE Connect and other similar tools work fine over a VPN
               | which is the preferred solution for such setups. You can
               | choose which VPN you want to use, OpenVPN and Wireguard
               | are two popular choices. Here again that VPN can be used
               | to connect disparate devices - Linux, Windows, Android,
               | Apple-things, whatever. Apple devices only talk to other
               | Apple devices which is far more restrictive.
               | 
               | If you are a happy camper in the walled garden then
               | things are good for you. I prefer the freedom of camping
               | in the wild even if that means I may have to build my own
               | fire and cook my own food since it enables me to go where
               | I please without being held back by that wall and without
               | having to pay the ferryman. To each his own I guess?
        
               | askonomm wrote:
               | > How else would it work across different devices? Apple
               | devices can not connect to e.g. Android devices
               | 
               | I was talking about Mac and iPhone having seamless
               | integration - something I have not noticed of any other
               | ecosystem. I have not been able to share clipboards with
               | an android and a PC (Win and Linux) without installing an
               | app, or doing some other hacky things. The integration,
               | while possible, doesn't exist by default. It's not
               | seamless. It doesn't _just work_.
               | 
               | > KDE Connect and other similar tools work fine over a
               | VPN
               | 
               | I don't want to use a VPN? I want to use my regular home
               | wifi or phone network, like a normal person.
        
           | jksk61 wrote:
           | Literally never needed to copy text from smartphone to pc (or
           | viceversa). At best anyone needs to sync between photos, docs
           | or stuff like that. For that you just need a sync on the
           | cloud like Dropbox, Drive, Box, and so on (also never heard
           | of bluetooth for small files?)
           | 
           | moreover, apple's software is generally very buggy.
        
             | phumberdroz wrote:
             | Never typed a 2FA code from the phone to the computer?
             | 
             | Just copying them on the iPhone and pasting them on the mac
             | is super convenient.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | On android you can view your sms messages at
               | messages.google.com allowing you to easily copy and paste
               | it
        
               | askonomm wrote:
               | Yeah, can also view email on both phone and computer
               | since forever ago - this is not even remotely similar to
               | the shared clipboard of an iPhone and Mac, where you
               | don't need to open any links or programs, install
               | anything, configure anything - you just copy on
               | phone/computer and then instantly are able to paste on
               | phone/computer.
        
               | beebeepka wrote:
               | I never felt like syncing my devices besides steam cloud
               | saves. Too much convenience makes me uncomfortable.
               | Especially if it means mixing corporate and personal
               | stuff.
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | Why would this be an issue? Under the proposed model, the
           | vendor for phone software can be the same vendor for desktop
           | software.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Well that world would suck immensely, with horrible
           | integration between hardware and software like exists right
           | now outside of the Apple world.
           | 
           | Why? The hardware people at companies like NVIDIA or Apple
           | already _have to_ write detailed documentation for their
           | stuff anyway so that the software people can do their side.
           | 
           | Assuming they do a good enough job at writing documentation
           | and testing their hardware, it should not be a problem for
           | Linux developers to write appropriate drivers. Hell there are
           | a very few select people able to write high quality drivers
           | even with zero documentation (see Asahi Linux).
           | 
           | The only ones in trouble would be the vendors of crap SoCs
           | who ship extremely buggy hardware and make up for the lack of
           | QA in software quirks instead.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | Every year, Apple releases new hardware and software in
             | tandem. How long does it take Android manufacturers and
             | Windows manufacturers to take advantage of the latest OS
             | features?
             | 
             | How are those Android updates working out compared to
             | iPhones?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > How long does it take Android manufacturers
               | 
               | Way way too long, but to be fair a huge part of the issue
               | are carriers and their insistence to pack the phones full
               | of bloatware that needs to be tested against each update.
               | 
               | > and Windows manufacturers to take advantage of the
               | latest OS features?
               | 
               | Windows device manufacturers tend to do what Microsoft
               | demands of them.
               | 
               | > How are those Android updates working out compared to
               | iPhones?
               | 
               | Samsung is fairly decent, although I'd be happier if
               | they'd ... consolidate their lineup a bit and instead
               | offer longer availability for spare parts.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Fairly decent? The iPhone 5s from 2013 just got an update
               | and it's the carriers is a poor excuse. Apple runs on the
               | same carriers.
               | 
               | Google's first party phones don't have third party bloat
               | ware and still have a piss poor history of updates
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | And guess why? Because ~3-ish years used to be what the
               | SoC vendors provided as BSP support timeframe, and there
               | was no mandate that they open up their specifications.
               | Most don't even care about following the legal minimum
               | aka provide the kernel and bootloader source code,
               | especially not all these fly-by-night gongkai "brands".
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So it's what happens when hardware and software is not
               | integrated...
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | No, it's what happens when there is no competition in the
               | SoC vendor area. Apple and Samsung don't sell to external
               | customers, NVIDIA doesn't do much with Tegra outside of
               | the Switch and automotive, Broadcom doesn't do much in
               | mobile SoCs (and from what the Raspberry Pi community
               | learned hard, their chips are utter dogshit which is how
               | RPi got started after all - they used surplus crap that
               | Broadcom wasn't able to sell), which leaves Qualcomm as a
               | sole supplier for the "high end" and Mediatek/Rockchip
               | for bottom-of-the-barrel crap. There used to be Annapurna
               | Labs as well, QNAP used their SoCs for a while, but I
               | think they stopped selling to externals as well as they
               | were bought up by Amazon and now only do Graviton which
               | are Amazon exclusives.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And yet Apple uses Qualcomm chips and manages to update
               | 10 year old phones.
               | 
               | It couldn't possibly be your premise is flawed could it?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > And yet Apple uses Qualcomm chips and manages to update
               | 10 year old phones.
               | 
               | For modems, yes, but only because there's _even less_
               | competition in that area (which is why they bought Intel
               | 's mobile modem business, but failed to produce a viable
               | design in all the years since).
               | 
               | They've been running their own SoC designs since the
               | iPhone 4 era in 2010.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So now it's the severe lack of competition that allows
               | Apple to support phones for a decade but stops Android
               | manufacturers?
        
               | nani8ot wrote:
               | Apple has an interest in keeping their devices alive,
               | since they can make money of the store and services.
               | Android manufactures want you to throw the phone away and
               | buy a new one.
               | 
               | Since manufacturers didn't demand long support, Qualcomm
               | didn't provide updates for their SoCs. This meant
               | Fairphone couldn't support their phones even if they
               | wanted to, which is why they used am automotive chip in
               | their new phone -- which is nearly the same as a phone
               | chip except the 13 years of updates.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | > Apple has an interest in keeping their devices alive,
               | since they can make money of the store and services
               | 
               | Isn't that the free market working the way it should
               | without government interference?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The problem with an unregulated free market is that
               | eventually one or two companies get so dominant that it
               | is virtually impossible to challenge them as a
               | competition, especially in fields that require immense
               | amounts of money to break into. One might even argue that
               | the end game of capitalism is to acquire a monopoly,
               | which one can then use to extract rents as one feels free
               | to do, or just keep milking locked-in customers (like IBM
               | and Oracle are).
               | 
               | It took _Apple_ , flush with cash from iPhones and iPods,
               | a decade worth of work to create a SoC able to throw
               | punches at eye level with Intel and AMD, which themselves
               | grew to the unholy duopoly over decades. Chipmakers have
               | it even worse: TSMC has all the cards, Samsung and Intel
               | have completely fallen behind with no chance in sight
               | that they'll match TSMC any time soon. All the other
               | competition has gone bankrupt or stopped at lesser nodes
               | because they couldn't keep up the pace.
               | 
               | There's no disrupting that, not even if you are an actual
               | nation state.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So guess what happened when the EU forced browser choice
               | in Windows? It had no long term affect on the market
               | share.
               | 
               | Geeks just always hate when normal people make their own
               | choices using their own free will.
               | 
               | Every failure that you cited were well funded companies
               | who failed to execute. Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft
               | failed trying to introduce phones.
               | 
               | The market worked as it should - poor execution led to
               | failure.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Lame excuses, Google could do the same as Microsoft with
               | PC standards and OEM legal obligations.
               | 
               | They have chosen not to.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Agreed. Google has gone down the drains just as well on
               | all fronts... the thing is, once again, there is no
               | viable competition left since Microsoft gave up. The
               | various Linux phone projects are extremely niche stuff,
               | Blackberry and Symbian are long gone, and Google seems to
               | be happy coasting along on mediocrity and billions of
               | dollars in Play Store revenue.
        
               | thomastjeffery wrote:
               | That wouldn't change at all. The newly separated software
               | company would get appropriate hardware specs and
               | prototypes during the same timeline they do today (as a
               | vertically integrated branch of Apple).
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So instead of working together , the software team would
               | work in isolation and then when they are finished they
               | deliver to the hardware company and keep going back and
               | forth? Yeah that's going to work out real well. Let's
               | just look how well it work for Android.
        
             | pandaman wrote:
             | Have you wrote drivers? Writing a driver off documentation
             | is: a) very hard, how do you debug anything without JTAG
             | ports and simulators? and b) not correct on principle
             | because the documentation is not the hardware, there are
             | errata in the hardware so what documentation says is not
             | always what the hardware does and there are mistakes in the
             | documentation for the same outcome.
             | 
             | >The only ones in trouble would be the vendors of crap SoCs
             | who ship extremely buggy hardware and make up for the lack
             | of QA in software quirks instead.
             | 
             | I.e. the every single vendor currently on the market...
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Writing a driver off documentation is: a) very hard,
               | how do you debug anything without JTAG ports and
               | simulators? and b) not correct on principle because the
               | documentation is not the hardware, there are errata in
               | the hardware so what documentation says is not always
               | what the hardware does and there are mistakes in the
               | documentation for the same outcome.
               | 
               | I agree with you, no system (particularly not something
               | as complex as an entire SoC) is free of bugs.
               | 
               | > I.e. the every single vendor currently on the market...
               | 
               | And yet, we have Apple, whose hardware quality alone is
               | good enough for a dedicated team to reverse engineer and
               | write drivers for, with _almost zero_ documentation
               | available.
               | 
               | The problem, as I expanded below, is the complete lack of
               | competition in the SoC space. Everyone gets away with
               | mediocrity because the largest players in town (Apple and
               | Samsung) refuse to sell their chips to externals. The
               | result is that the mobile ecosystem _as a whole_ suffers,
               | because that is what happens in markets where entities
               | get too large.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | >And yet, we have Apple, whose hardware quality alone is
               | good enough for a dedicated team to reverse engineer and
               | write drivers for, with almost zero documentation
               | available.
               | 
               | Apple own software is pretty janky, my current MacBook
               | cannot bring up GPU after sleep about once a month and
               | needs a reboot to begin drawing GUI correctly again, used
               | to be dying completely waking up before it was fixed
               | couple OS updates back. My previous MacBook could not
               | stay on WiFi for more than a couple hours straight, never
               | had been fixed.
               | 
               | Also, reversing an existing working driver is different
               | from writing a driver from scratch. In one case you just
               | need to repeat the functionality, produce the same
               | outputs for the same inputs, the quality of hardware is
               | orthogonal here since it's already worked around in the
               | existing driver. It's orders of magnitude easier than
               | writing the thing from scratch.
        
             | pca006132 wrote:
             | 1. Hardware companies need some software to test their
             | product, so this will be wasting their effort.
             | 
             | 2. Good documentation and testing is probably not as common
             | as you think.
             | 
             | 3. It takes a huge amount of effort to write high quality
             | drivers by reverse engineering. The thing about Asahi Linux
             | is that the hardware does not have many variants, but there
             | are a lot more different hardware for PCs.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | > 2. Good documentation and testing is probably not as
               | common as you think.
               | 
               | Not to mention that documentation != the actual behavior
               | of the card. both nvidia and AMD release a ton of day-one
               | driver fixes for new games being released that provide
               | stability and sometimes double-digit performance gains
               | over a pre-patched driver. The only way this works in a
               | disintegrated ecosystem is if game devs become pros at
               | creating driver bug workarounds.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > The only way this works in a disintegrated ecosystem is
               | if game devs become pros at creating driver bug
               | workarounds.
               | 
               | They _already are_ , they have to because that is the
               | reality on mobile games. IIRC the devs of Real Racing (or
               | another Android car race game) made a blog post on that.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > 1. Hardware companies need some software to test their
               | product, so this will be wasting their effort.
               | 
               | They can also open source their testing bench code. The
               | only ones who have to be afraid are those who don't care
               | about quality. "Sunlight is the best disinfectant" also
               | applies here - I'd really like to be able as a consumer
               | to choose the product that demonstrates the better
               | engineering!
               | 
               | > 2. Good documentation and testing is probably not as
               | common as you think.
               | 
               | Oh, I'm aware of that, and the consequences of that are
               | becoming more and more dire as electronic waste from
               | defunct companies or unsupported and unsecure devices
               | piles up, together with hacked IoT devices causing mayhem
               | on the wide Internet in botnets.
               | 
               | It's high time for that to stop.
               | 
               | > 3. It takes a huge amount of effort to write high
               | quality drivers by reverse engineering. The thing about
               | Asahi Linux is that the hardware does not have many
               | variants, but there are a lot more different hardware for
               | PCs.
               | 
               | So what? Ordinary PC hardware at its core still conforms
               | to decades old standards that can be used as a fallback.
               | Given a sufficient supply of beers, coffee and pizza,
               | every CS student worth their money can throw up a basic
               | graphical OS that runs on any mainstream (i.e. non-
               | embedded) x86 system. Input, output (video, serial,
               | audio, keyboard, mice, accessories) and storage _all_
               | have standardized interfaces - the only thing that does
               | not is networking.
               | 
               | There is no reason at all to say that the ARM world can't
               | standardize on basic components or at least interfaces.
               | Apple can - their UART implementation, according to
               | rumors, dates back to the early iPod/iPhone days, while
               | Samsung has something like five or six completely
               | different implementation, and Mediatek and all the other
               | SoC vendors run their completely own stuff.
        
           | gray_-_wolf wrote:
           | > Well that world would suck immensely
           | 
           | Maybe.
           | 
           | > Case in point
           | 
           | But this does not really support your statement no? What you
           | described seems to me SW only functionality no? And if in
           | requires any special HW (BT? I have no idea how it works
           | under the hood), why does it need tight integration? I do not
           | see a technical reason why Android and Windows could not
           | provide the same feature out of the box, despite neither the
           | Google nor Microsoft making the HW.
        
             | slim wrote:
             | the most probable cause is patents
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Sounds like we clear abuse of patent law.
               | 
               | > Non-obvious is a requirement for patent protection that
               | literally means your invention is not obvious to someone
               | who is in the same industry. A new invention needs to be
               | unexpected or surprising and cannot be anticipated by
               | looking at the existing technology or prior art.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | > Case in point: can you copy text on your phone, and paste
           | in your computer (and vice versa), seamlessly as if it were
           | the same device, without any configuration, hacks or programs
           | needed?
           | 
           | Circumstantially, yes. I am a KDE user though, on GNOME you
           | _do_ have to install a little app for it.
        
           | oynqr wrote:
           | With those preconditons, it doesn't even work on Apple
           | devices.
        
             | vesrah wrote:
             | What do you mean? This is what Universal Clipboard does.
        
               | alphager wrote:
               | Pretty sure you had to configure both devices for it to
               | work.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | No, just sign into both of them with your iCloud account
        
           | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
           | > Case in point: can you copy text on your phone, and paste
           | in your computer (and vice versa), seamlessly as if it were
           | the same device, without any configuration, hacks or programs
           | needed?
           | 
           | I am guessing that AirDrop, Sidecar, etc have absolutely
           | nothing to do with hardware-software integration, and have >=
           | Layer 3 implementations. KDE Connect and Microsoft My Phone
           | are competitors.
        
             | vanviegen wrote:
             | Exactly. Apple could have made this work across other
             | platforms (Windows, Android, Linux), but chose not to. KDE
             | Connect, for example, runs on quite a few platform,
             | including all popular ones.
             | https://kdeconnect.kde.org/download.html
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Why should Apple be forced to write software for
               | competing platforms?
        
               | webmobdev wrote:
               | It doesn't - it only needs to support open standards.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So does that mean Apple can't release anything until it
               | goes through a standards body?
        
               | hooooopa wrote:
               | Scarface, Apple doesn't love you back.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Well neither does the government. At least Apple doesn't
               | have _guns_ to force me to do what it wants.
               | 
               | How hard is it for you not to use Apple products? Are you
               | incapable of using your own free will?
               | 
               | Between Apple and the government, guess which one has the
               | power to take away your free will?
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | What open standard covers shared clipboards across
               | devices?
        
               | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
               | I suppose that loops back to the premise of the linked
               | article (which is IMO absurd).
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | I generally think any company with a >10 billion (2023
               | US) dollar valuation should be forced to do things that
               | may not directly benefit them but benefit society. Having
               | to publish open specifications for all their proprietary
               | integrations is a pretty easy, relatively low-cost
               | example.
               | 
               | How to make this work in practice is a really interesting
               | question. Community and employee representatives on the
               | board would be a good start. But I think just having the
               | requirement that open specifications be made available,
               | and writing that into legislation, would be great.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Oh god, talking about design by committee. Why not just
               | cut out the middle man and let the government take it
               | over and come up with "5 year plans"
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | If a company doesn't want at least some element of that,
               | the solution is very simple: drop below a USD $10B
               | valuation by spinning off parts of the company. Note that
               | I said TEN BILLION DOLLARS. A "decacorn". That is an
               | _unfathomable_ amount of money. If you 've created a
               | company worth that much you've won at capitalism.
               | 
               | If governments had a good track record I'd advocate for
               | that. No need for strawmen like five year plans, I think
               | competition is a wonderful thing.
               | 
               | My underlying, strong belief is that corporations are
               | legal fictions created primarily to benefit society,
               | Milton Friedman's philosophy notwithstanding.
        
         | kanbara wrote:
         | terrible idea.
         | 
         | people buy apple products precisely because of how integrated
         | they are. this idealism and desire to force companies to
         | support everything (as much as i want gaming on mac/linux and
         | drivers for things supported) is the single most dangerous idea
         | that would completely ruin the user experience for millions.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > people buy apple products
           | 
           | People used to buy cocaine toothache drops and give them to
           | children to get them to shut up. People used to send babies
           | by post. Just because people like something doesn't mean it
           | doesn't have terrible effects. [1]
           | 
           | > single most dangerous idea
           | 
           | I mean, sure after guns, drugs, superbugs, global nuclear
           | war, climate change, super-plague produced by synthetic
           | biology...
           | 
           | 1 - https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-
           | family/coca...
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | > _this idealism and desire to force companies to support
           | everything_
           | 
           | I'm sorry, where did I proposed we do that? As far as I am
           | aware my proposal would only force Apples to split itself in
           | 2: a hardware company that sells top notch hardware (so top
           | notch in fact that even the hardware interfaces are as clean
           | and slick as an iPad's case), and a software company that
           | sells a top-notch integrated software suite on whatever
           | hardware they chose to support (and no other hardware).
           | 
           | This idea that Apple's hardware is somehow better because
           | they don't publish their spec sounds incoherent to be honest.
           | As is the idea that their software is better because it runs
           | on company hardware. If there's still a company selling good
           | hardware, one can still write good software for that
           | particular hardware.
           | 
           | So... forcing hardware companies to support all software?
           | Nope, though publishing their spec does automatically provide
           | some level of support for arbitrary software. Forcing
           | software companies to support all hardware? No more than they
           | do now, possibly even _less_ : hardware vendors will be
           | incentivised to harmonise their respective interfaces to
           | appeal to a maximum number of software vendors, so software
           | vendors will be incentivised to support a relatively limited
           | set of interfaces.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | Why split the company? What does that do?
        
               | loup-vaillant wrote:
               | I'm not proposing that we split companies. I proposing
               | that no company that sells hardware be allowed to
               | distribute software, and no company that distributes
               | software be allowed to sell hardware. The Apple split is
               | only a consequence of that. As would be the likely end of
               | locked down game consoles, now that I think of it.
               | 
               | What I'm hoping to accomplish with this is: reduced or
               | eliminated vendor lock-in, harmonisation and
               | simplification of ISAs, the ability to support any
               | hardware in any OS, and maybe even the the ability to
               | actually write new OSes and see some real competition in
               | this space.
               | 
               | Note one important component I haven't mentioned: ISA
               | patents should be rendered null and void. Anyone should
               | be allowed to design, make, and sell an ARM or x86 CPU
               | without asking anyone's permission. Or a GPU clone, or a
               | network card clone, etc. Without that we'll just
               | strengthen monopolies, or maybe allow new ones to arise.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | This is a rather amazing comment, I'm astonished by the
               | bald-faced lie that you open your first paragraph with:
               | 
               | > I'm not proposing that we split companies.
               | 
               | Also you, only a couple comments up:
               | 
               | > As far as I am aware my proposal would only force
               | Apples to split itself in 2: a hardware company that
               | sells top notch hardware (so top notch in fact that even
               | the hardware interfaces are as clean and slick as an
               | iPad's case), and a software company that sells a top-
               | notch integrated software suite on whatever hardware they
               | chose to support (and no other hardware).
               | 
               | Which is it, split companies or don't split companies?
               | You can't have it both ways. If you aren't proposing that
               | we split companies then you can't propose we split Apple
               | unless you want to be a pedantic twit and point out that
               | that's just _one_ company and not compan _ies_.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | This is completely impossible with any hardware made in the
         | last 20 years or so.
         | 
         | The problem is that you cannot make a hard distinction between
         | hardware and software. An Intel CPU simply isn't going to run
         | without microcode, and having to get rid of microcode would
         | easily set back chip design by a decade.
         | 
         | Even something as trivial as a _USB cable_ isn 't pure hardware
         | anymore. It has a programmable eMarker in order to advertise
         | its capabilities, so it is also a combination of hardware and
         | software. Everything but completely trivial chips has some kind
         | of computation embedded in it, requiring _some_ firmware.
         | 
         | Chips are complicated and weird. Pretty much nobody writes code
         | which _directly_ interacts with hardware. Even people who write
         | code for embedded microprocessors will use an SDK provided by
         | the chip manufacturer to smooth out the nastiest details. How
         | 's that supposed to work when the hardware vendor can no longer
         | provide any software?
         | 
         | And then there's the question of what exactly constitutes
         | "firmware". Is code in a separate programmable flash chip okay
         | if they hardwire the Write Protect pin? What if the exact same
         | code is stored in programmable space in the MCU itself? Is it
         | fine to place that code in One-Time-Programmable memory? Bake
         | it into the chip during wafer manufacturing? If anything, being
         | able to update the firmware in the field is better for the
         | consumer when it comes to fixing bugs.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > Force hardware vendors to only sell hardware. If any software
         | that can be changed remotely or by the user is off limits. Even
         | firmware. Conversely, software vendors can only sell (or freely
         | distribute) software.
         | 
         | So, I would go buy a smartphone at a shop, and then buy an OS
         | to run on it at another shop? Or would it be allowed for a
         | third party to integrate the two and sell me a working phone?
         | 
         | Also, would "any software that can be changed remotely or by
         | the user is off limits" mean Intel/Samsung/... couldn't sell
         | CPUs with microcode installed, or even write microcode? It may
         | be hard to legally define where the border between "software
         | that's part of the hardware" and "software." lies.
         | 
         | > You'll get the necessary specs required to make it work on
         | all OSes
         | 
         | I don't see how that follows. Software company C could pay
         | hardware company H to build hardware according to specs they
         | give, with the specs under NDA, possibly even forbidding H to
         | sell that hardware design to others than C.
         | 
         | I think banning trade secrets
         | (https://www.wipo.int/tradesecrets/en/tradesecrets_faqs.html)
         | on the interface between software and hardware, rather than
         | splitting companies into hardware and software parts is the way
         | to achieve your goals.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | > _So, I would go buy a smartphone at a shop, and then buy an
           | OS to run on it at another shop?_
           | 
           | Good point, by default you would. Perhaps allowing some third
           | party to bundle the two could be a nice convenience, but then
           | we must make absolutely sure that they never sell the bundle
           | for less than the separate parts, that would be anti-
           | competitive.
           | 
           | Also, I'm sick of paying for a Windows copy I never use. I'd
           | very much like to see the OEM deals Microsoft make with
           | laptop vendors just die.
           | 
           | > _Also, would "any software that can be changed remotely or
           | by the user is off limits" mean Intel /Samsung/... couldn't
           | sell CPUs with microcode installed, or even write microcode?_
           | 
           | Depends whether that microcode can be changed by the user or
           | remotely, or if doing so basically means returning the CPU to
           | the factory. If it can conveniently be changed, that's
           | software, and the actual interface to the CPU is not the
           | final ISA, but how to encode that micro-code to _make_ the
           | final ISA. If however the microcode is etched or locked, then
           | it 's part of the hardware.
           | 
           | Another example would be an FPGA implementation of a RISC-V
           | core: if the bitstream is locked into the NVCM it can no
           | longer be modified, and thus counts as hardware. But if it's
           | in the easily rewritable SPI flash, then it's software, and
           | it can't be bundled with the FPGA itself.
           | 
           | While I'm not absolutely certain my border is the right one,
           | I believe it's at least one that can be fairly easily
           | delimited.
           | 
           | > _Software company C could pay hardware company H to build
           | hardware according to specs they give, with the specs under
           | NDA, possibly even forbidding H to sell that hardware design
           | to others than C._
           | 
           | Correct, some trade secrets need to be banned. Even further,
           | I would void all ISA related patents and copyright.
           | Specifically, cloning the functionality of any piece of
           | hardware should be allowed, similar to how the IBM PC was
           | cloned.
           | 
           | Note thought that splitting the activities is still worth it:
           | when software is bundled with the hardware, we still need
           | exploitable specs. Banning trade secrets doesn't force
           | vendors to disclose them, and even if they do disclose them,
           | nothing forces them to make especially readable beyond
           | regulatory mandate, and nothing forces them to simplify their
           | hardware interfaces. Exposing hardware interfaces to the
           | competition however may provide very strong incentive to
           | improve not only the hardware, but it's programming
           | interfaces as well.
        
         | olliej wrote:
         | So your saying apple would have to stop making operating
         | systems?
         | 
         | Or are you saying Qualcomm would be required to not provide
         | drivers?
         | 
         | This is a super dumb take, like beyond stupid, and I get that
         | it's directed at apple.
         | 
         | Here's the thing: since day 1 apple has been a hardware
         | company, and what makes hardware good or bad is often the
         | software that drives runs it. That goes for every product apple
         | makes.
         | 
         | The idea that you can remove one half of that from the other is
         | beyond stupid.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Yes, and I'd also like hardware and software companies to not
         | have access to my data. E.g. Google should be split into
         | hardware, software, and data companies.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I _really_ like this. Other than an upvote I would very much
         | like to express my support for this idea and I hope someone
         | with connections to the halls of power passes it on, there is a
         | lot of merit to this. It would immediately result in hardware
         | manufacturers having to document each and every input and
         | output of their hardware if they expect any sales at all and it
         | would also do an end run around various monopolies.
         | 
         | Check out the idiocy around Broadcomm's WiFi/Bluetooth drivers
         | on the Mac, it's absolute insanity, there are so many of them
         | that to install Linux on one of the machines with such a
         | chipset you need to copy your drivers from the Mac operating
         | system (if you still have it installed...) in order to give
         | Linux the ability to load firmware onto the devices so that
         | they can work. Three different files iirc.
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | interesting premise, but i ultimately think this would be worse
         | for the tech by forcing them to play in a limited playing field
         | that doesn't have parallel in other businesses, does it?
        
       | danielEM wrote:
       | Any "vendor lock in" practices should be considered as monopoly
       | practices. And anti-monopoly laws are already here in EU. Just a
       | matter of interpretation of what falls to monopoly.
        
       | almatabata wrote:
       | As others have pointed out why single out linux? Why not BSD? And
       | second which linux? 4.14? 5.10? 6.2? Can they release it for
       | linux 2.7 and call it a day afterwards? Supporting linux requires
       | effort and money. How would you go about defining "reasonable
       | effort" at supporting linux. If it breaks every month? every
       | year? Enforcing this simply would turn out to become a nightmare.
       | I think a better approach would look like what jandrese said in
       | this thread. Force them to publish the specs so other companies
       | or individuals can write open source drivers for the hardware.
        
       | the_biot wrote:
       | > being forced to make drivers that work equally in linux,
       | windows and even macOS
       | 
       | That is almost a recipe for drivers built on hardware abstraction
       | layers (HALs), so vendors can use literally the same code on
       | every platform. That, of course, results in a bunch of
       | unnecessary HAL code being added -- unnecessary from the OS point
       | of view, which already has perfectly good hooks for all the stuff
       | a driver needs. That's the reason Linux does not accept HALs into
       | the mainline kernel.
       | 
       | What often happens on Linux is vendors will then move their HAL
       | and drivers into userspace, interfacing with the kernel via a
       | shim instead. This has the side effect of no longer needing to
       | open-source the driver code at all, since it's not linked into
       | the kernel. Look how that works out!
       | 
       | In case of Android, it was literally Google that did the HAL/shim
       | work, giving vendors a pass on open sourcing or mainlining their
       | drivers.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > What often happens on Linux is vendors will then move their
         | HAL and drivers into userspace, interfacing with the kernel via
         | a shim instead. This has the side effect of no longer needing
         | to open-source the driver code at all, since it's not linked
         | into the kernel. Look how that works out!
         | 
         | It doesn't stop anyone else from writing better drivers (i.e.
         | the thing they already do) but decouples things so that people
         | can at least update their kernel while keeping their drivers.
         | So, win-win.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | > Could EU force hardware manufacturers to make working drivers
       | for Linux?
       | 
       | > Why are these companies like intel, Razer, nvidia or AMD..
       | 
       | The question makes no sense. As one of the Reddit comment says:
       | Intel and AMD are among the biggest contributors to the Linux
       | kernel.
       | 
       | The real-world is pretty much powered by millions of Linux
       | machines running on Intel or AMD hardware (for the most part).
       | Try replacing that with Windows servers and their "working
       | drivers" and then we talk.
        
         | nextos wrote:
         | What could work well is forcing manufacturers to release
         | hardware documentation that is sufficiently detailed to allow
         | developing drivers without reverse engineering.
         | 
         | Perhaps forcing them to do so a couple of years after hardware
         | release, so that it does not interfere too much with trade
         | secrets.
         | 
         | This would avoid perfectly functional hardware to go to the
         | landfill because of no further software support, and it would
         | also prevent incredibly time-consuming reverse engineering
         | efforts.
        
           | Vilian wrote:
           | what about releasing the source code of drivers/firmware
           | after the official support ended
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Azure, and all the games being emulated on Proton as means to
         | make SteamDeck a viable product.
        
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