[HN Gopher] A revelation about trees is messing with climate cal...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A revelation about trees is messing with climate calculations
        
       Author : bilsbie
       Score  : 247 points
       Date   : 2023-09-30 13:59 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wired.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wired.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Reminds me of this Scandinavian project:
       | 
       | https://innovationorigins.com/en/selected/using-wind-turbine...
        
       | shironandonon_ wrote:
       | Canada had record wild fires in 2023 and now I'm wondering how
       | this effect will snowball.
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | And yet, if we look at the numbers, wildfires are actually
         | nowhere near as bad as they were in the 90's:
         | https://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/data/charts/NFDB_stats_chart.p...
         | 
         | I'd like a ban on people going outside and causing wild fires
         | like we had in 2020 though. That was a good year.
        
           | lazyasciiart wrote:
           | Nope - your chart only shows up to 2021. Wildfires are
           | actually much much worse than the 90s.
           | 
           | "This year's fires have now burned more than double the
           | previous record of 7.1 million hectares torched in 1995"
           | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/mapping-the-
           | scale-o...
        
           | stormbrew wrote:
           | 17.577 million hectares have burned so far this year. If 2023
           | were on that graph it would be a skyscraper towering over
           | every big fire year in the 80s and 90s.
           | 
           | This year is unprecedented. And it isn't even over yet and
           | the fires are _still_ burning.
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | I am too. I think Canadians need to treasure their forests and
         | should be seriously concerned by what's happening. Our current
         | reforestation efforts aren't enough, and they're largely driven
         | to support future logging activity, not restore ecology.
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | If I'm not wrong, Canada had record wildfires in a very curious
         | set of years.
        
           | alex_duf wrote:
           | What so you mean by curious?
        
             | pauldenton wrote:
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-66612781 Need to wait and see
             | if there's any charges brought forward for Arson
        
             | pvaldes wrote:
             | See it by yourself
             | 
             | https://globalnews.ca/news/8045796/canada-wildfires-
             | yearly-t...
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | The interesting graphic is the area burnt by year. If we
               | take the years with more than 3 million hectares burnt we
               | have some "specially hot years" falling over yearly
               | average. This set includes:
               | 
               | 94-95 Crimean referendum to choose between Russia or
               | Ukraine
               | 
               | 98 Russian financial default, start of the Yeltsin demise
               | 
               | Ukrainian presidential elections of 1994, 2004, 2010 and
               | 2014 (but curiously not 2019). Would be specially
               | interesting to check if the wildfires happened after or
               | before the elections.
               | 
               | 2013-2014 Euromaidan. Russia anexionates Crimea. Start of
               | the Dombas war.
               | 
               | 2017 This is an outlier. The year of Voronenkow saying
               | that Crimean annexation was illegal and fleeing the Duma
               | before to be assasinated. The year of Petya also.
               | 
               | We could probably add 2023 to this list at the end of the
               | year
               | 
               | In the country with the second largest expatriate
               | Ukrainian population. Most probably happened by random
               | (and I'm surely cherry-picking) but still a curious chain
               | of events. I assume that the data shown in this graph is
               | correct (I could be wrong about this).
               | 
               | 2020 is also interesting. People at home = no wildfires
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | 91 94 98 03 06 10 12 15 18
               | 
               | 3 4 5 3 4 2 3 3
               | 
               | Help me out, what am I missing.
        
       | chrisdhoover wrote:
       | I've looked at clouds from both sides now
       | 
       | From up and down, and still somehow
       | 
       | It's cloud illusions I recall
       | 
       | I really don't know clouds at all
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | While I believe the link between human activities and global
       | warming have been well-established, I still find the certainty of
       | imminent runaway climate that'll turn the Earth into Venus to be
       | counterproductive. Even if it's true, this message just numbs
       | people.
       | 
       | The fact is that to a certain point the Earth has climate
       | balancing mechanisms that we have little to no understanding
       | about. Why do I say this? Because if it didn't, we would already
       | be Venus. The climate on Earth has ranged from ice to the equator
       | to being much warmer than it is even now. So why hasn't this
       | runaway climate change happened in the last 4 billion years?
       | 
       | Now for a long time the standard retort has been the pace of
       | climate change is different now. Not so. Look at Dansgaard-
       | Oeschger ("D-O") cycles [1]:
       | 
       | > One of the most surprising findings was that the shifts from
       | cold stadials to the warm interstadial intervals occurred in a
       | matter of decades, with air temperatures over Greenland rapidly
       | warming 8 to 15degC
       | 
       | This occurred multiple times over the last 100,000 years.
       | 
       | So rather than focus on this doom and gloom scenario, consider
       | that climate change isgoing to kill a lot of people (through
       | famine, flooding, areas becoming uninhabitable and the upheaval
       | from all the resulting migration). Even then, we as a society
       | constantly make tradeoffs of personal convenience where the cost
       | is people dying. Sometimes a lot of people. Even apart from
       | dying, our society cannot exist as it is without the exploitation
       | of the Global South. We as a society have decided we're fine with
       | people people being paid pennies to work themselves to death in
       | death trap factories to make our lives possible.
       | 
       | It's not surprising that trees seed clouds. You can kind of see
       | this in photos of a jungle canopy (eg [2]). The new part is
       | learning how sophisticated this mechanism is. But I guess it
       | makes sense: clouds reflect light and so it becomes a defense
       | mechanism for trees drying out.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/abrupt-
       | cli...
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.canopyintheclouds.com/
        
         | docandrew wrote:
         | It's easier to "raise awareness" than pick up litter or dig
         | holes and plant trees.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | I don't think there's any climate model that turns Earth into
         | Venus. That's just doomer rhetoric that you see online without
         | any citation.
        
       | bch wrote:
       | I believe it was this phenomenon and more discussed in the CBCs
       | _The Nature of Things_ "What Trees Talk About".[0] Well worth the
       | time to watch.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/what-trees-
       | talk-a...
        
       | Sniffnoy wrote:
       | Why is this an archive link? The original article is still up;
       | indeed, it's from yesterday:
       | https://www.wired.com/story/a-revelation-about-trees-is-mess...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've changed the URL now from https://web.archive.org/web/2023
         | 0930090902/https://www.wired....
         | 
         | Submitters: " _Please submit the original source. If a post
         | reports on something found on another site, submit the latter._
         | " - https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | It's fine to post archive links in comments but in general not
         | as top-level submissions. If you've googled around for a
         | current rendition of the article and have satisfied yourself
         | that there really isn't one out there, then it's ok - but
         | otherwise please post the original URL and include an archive
         | link in the thread if you want to.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Archive links stand a better chance of continuing to work over
         | time.
        
         | naavis wrote:
         | To get around the Wired.com paywall. They only let you read a
         | limited number of articles for free.
        
       | hgghxfbgyvd wrote:
       | Ironic that you can synthesize these hydrocarbons from petroleum.
       | Burn 10,000acres of forest, replace it with chemicals made from a
       | barrel of oil sprayed into the atmosphere.
        
       | paisawalla wrote:
       | A great HN feature would be a link to a chatgpt chat, with the
       | contents of the article loaded into the context, summary already
       | generated. Some of these articles are five sentences of
       | interesting information, hidden among five paragraphs of forced
       | human interest.
        
       | steve_adams_86 wrote:
       | I find this stuff absolutely incredible. I've been learning
       | recently about this phenomenon being known, but not understood.
       | 
       | The most obvious indication was that logging leads to less rain,
       | so it seems as though trees actually cause rain.
       | 
       | One theory was that turbulence in the air above forests could
       | trigger precipitation, and while that might still be a factor,
       | this explanation is very clean and easy to understand.
       | 
       | This is awesome in any case. I've been wanting to use the "trees
       | cause rain" point in discussions about forestry and hydrology,
       | but had to be careful because we only had correlations as far as
       | I knew. This doesn't fully solve that, but certainly helps
       | explain and create a causative link.
       | 
       | Also just incredible how evolution works. Of course trees cause
       | rain, haha. I wonder if other plants such as grasses in vast
       | plains have their own tricks to seed rain, or if their strategy
       | is surviving drought extremely well. It's all cool either way.
        
         | meristohm wrote:
         | Trees are a collection of straws into the ground, sucking up
         | water with negative pressure due to evaporation through the
         | leaves. It's cool that there are cloud-seeding chemicals
         | released as well.
         | 
         | Forests smell and feel much better that clear-cut spaces, I
         | know that much. I'd rather the USDA and Forest Service adopt
         | more-sustainable logging practices, for leased land especially
         | (where the economics equation currently favors clear-cutting),
         | like the Menominee in northern Wisconsin.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | i've also wondered how much energy is absorbed by trees, I
           | know on a 100 degree day the coolness of a shady grove well
           | outcompetes the shade of a simple picnic shelter
        
             | Avshalom wrote:
             | there's a couple things going on there. Photsynthesis isn't
             | absorbing much its ~1-2% efficiency (so mostly just waste
             | heat) but plants are mostly water which has a high heat
             | capacity so it warms slower than a kiln dried wood
             | structure. Wood/bark is also way less reflective than
             | concrete and (living) plants respond to heat by opening up
             | pores and letting water evaporate out of them (basically
             | sweating) which can lower the dry bulb temperature
             | (especially if there's any breeze).
        
               | luma wrote:
               | Would evaporative cooling due to transpiration have a
               | significant impact?
        
               | nostromo wrote:
               | Trees also act as thermal sinks. They transfer surface
               | heat down into their roots, where it is cool underground.
        
               | eep_social wrote:
               | More precisely, the temperature underground is very
               | stable. At 8-12 feet there is little to no variation over
               | the course of a year. So in a cold season it will be
               | warmer underground than ambient (this is why foundations
               | are dug "below the frost line") while the opposite is
               | true during a warm season.
        
               | sampo wrote:
               | In infrared, green leaves are more reflective than bare
               | soil or concrete.
        
         | imjonse wrote:
         | They aren't called rainforests for no reason :)
        
           | magneticnorth wrote:
           | I had always assumed that causality ran the complete other
           | direction! Rain -> happy plants -> big trees draped in ferns
           | and vines and mosses.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | trees basically perform cloud-seeding by releasing micro-
         | droplets of oils into the air
         | 
         | "climate: a new story" by charles eisenstein is a great
         | resource on an alternative understanding to climate change then
         | simply "CO2 bad", which he presents as a red herring to
         | ecosystem destruction
         | 
         | conventional wisdom is apparently "fair weather leads to more
         | biomass" when the reality might be "more biomass leads to fair
         | weather" as every ecosystem acts as a chemical and energetic
         | buffer
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | This is really interesting to consider, and I hadn't before.
           | It lends a lot more potential weight and credibility to the
           | idea that rewilding plains (for example), thus increasing the
           | biomass there, would have significant climate benefits. This
           | falls deep into the "We can't know that" category, but I'm a
           | fairly large proponent of leaving more land alone and letting
           | nature do what it does. At the moment, economic activity like
           | grazing cows seems like it could be a net negative since it's
           | clearly harming the environment while also preventing natural
           | landscapes from establishing, which could have significant
           | ecological benefits.
           | 
           | The idea that biomass can bring stability and better
           | conditions is certainly supported by my aquarium experience,
           | though it's a closed system. If you limit the number of
           | species, water parameters will swing all over the place. Add
           | more species (particularly plants and micro flora/fauna), and
           | the water becomes clearer and cleaner. Add some small
           | crustaceans, snails, or other animals which love algae and
           | it'll get even cleaner, and their populations will self-
           | maintain quite well. Add some tiny fish and they will live on
           | the algae, micro fauna, offspring of the shrimp, etc. These
           | systems work well, but they need a huge amount of plants and
           | tiny creatures, bacteria, and small animals to groom and
           | maintain things. Without them, it'll crash and swing all over
           | until just about everything is dead.
           | 
           | If we imagine the world as a giant aquarium where we inhibit
           | the micro flora and micro fauna, bacteria, and other
           | balances, it certainly seems possible that restoring this
           | would improve all kinds of factors like water and air
           | quality.
        
             | runsWphotons wrote:
             | If you graze animals the right way you can also increase
             | biomass/help the ecosystem.
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | Not really true.
               | 
               | https://newrepublic.com/article/163735/myth-regenerative-
               | ran...
               | 
               | https://grist.org/climate-energy/cattle-grazing-is-a-
               | climate...
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25138
               | 
               | https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/grazed-
               | and-co...
               | 
               | https://plantbasednews.org/news/environment/george-
               | monbiot-r...
               | 
               |  _"So any story that says it's good to be farming these
               | livestock, it's good to be eating these livestock, is a
               | story which justifies among the most devastating
               | processes on Earth," he said. "It is climate science
               | denial."_
               | 
               |  _Monbiot linked this denial to the interests of major
               | corporations like McDonald's, General Mills, JBS, and the
               | Murdoch Network, who he says have "backed and weaponized"
               | the idea that grazing cattle is environmentally
               | beneficial. "The story is false," he said. "When you make
               | a grand claim such as this one, that livestock can
               | mitigate climate change, either you produce the evidence
               | for that claim or if you cannot produce the evidence you
               | withdraw the claim. The evidence has not been produced,
               | the claim does not stand."_
        
             | eep_social wrote:
             | > aquarium experience
             | 
             | Is this the Walstad Method?
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | Grasses (Poaceae) catch dew easily and move it towards its
         | center. Most plants sometimes release water drops also (see
         | guttation)
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Without exploring the question of why, it makes sense from an
         | evolutionary biology point of view that trees (forests, really,
         | as trees with extensive root systems tend to be pretty drought
         | tolerant) would attract rain. They require it to survive and
         | thrive in the long run
        
         | xctr94 wrote:
         | I've been reading agroforestry and permaculture books for a
         | while -- I'd love to get into farming --, and this has been
         | known for ages.
         | 
         | Even if not fully understood, it's well known in agro that
         | trees raise the humidity level of an area and create micro-
         | climates that increase the amount of rain (e.g. of doing nut
         | trees in a valley).
         | 
         | I think... modern agriculture just forgot/ignores ancient
         | knowledge.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | Without a doubt, and it's well known in urban planning and
           | landscaping too. But in a discussion about why industry might
           | be harmful, not having facts to back yourself up makes your
           | case effectively irrelevant. Even pointing to countless
           | reforestation projects with heaps of positive precipitation
           | and hydrological data is no help; as long as the mechanism
           | isn't clear, people who want to maintain business as usual
           | will not listen.
           | 
           | So, information like this is a huge help and a step towards
           | having a more crystallized picture of why forests are crucial
           | to hydrology.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Terpenes from trees also produce OH which converts methane to
           | CO2. No idea whether this has a big effect, but I find it
           | fascinating.
        
           | brnaftr361 wrote:
           | I bet there's folk tales that parallel it with angry forest
           | spirits, too. Explaining the unknown with
           | anthropomorphization.
        
           | philipov wrote:
           | Are you telling me the _Rain Follows The Plow_ folks were
           | actually on to something?
        
             | mooreds wrote:
             | Solid joke :) .
             | 
             | Unfortunately, you typically don't plant trees with a plow.
        
           | aeroman wrote:
           | The increase in humidity is actually a different effect -
           | evapotranspiration from trees is included in climate models
           | (along with their response to increasing CO2 concentrations)
           | [0].
           | 
           | The effect in this article is more to do with the
           | particulates that form from the chemical emitted from trees.
           | The article doesn't make it clear, but an increase in tree
           | particulates (known as aerosols) would actually cause less
           | rain.
           | 
           | Almost all cloud droplets form on an aerosol particle, so the
           | cloud droplets in a cloud with more aerosols are on average
           | smaller (as the water is spread out over more droplets).
           | These smaller droplets take longer to grow large enough to
           | form rain, an effect which is thought to decrease the amount
           | of precipitation in some regions (although by a small
           | amount).
           | 
           | This effect is also included in climate models, but the
           | sources of aerosol (such as from trees) are more uncertain
           | [1], producing the uncertainty in future climate projections.
           | 
           | [0] - https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/4/677/2011/gmd-4-67
           | 7-201...
           | 
           | [1] - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12674
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | local humidity levels is just transpiration, which yeah in a
           | valley trapping the humidity can create rain but that's not
           | the same as this cloud seeding mechanism.
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | Modern agriculture didn't forget. It chose differently
           | because quantity is the only measure of success. Trees
           | causing rain has to be substantially less efficient in the
           | short term than irrigation.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | Matches what Richard Dawkins calls "the extended phenotype"
         | 
         | From wikipedia (
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Phenotype ):
         | 
         | "Dawkins develops this idea by pointing to the effect that a
         | gene may have on an organism's environment through that
         | organism's behaviour."
        
         | lukas099 wrote:
         | Re: grasses surviving drought, I believe they do this by having
         | extremely deep roots (likely among many other adaptations).
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | StewedHarry wrote:
         | You should read the extended phenotype by Richard Dawkins if
         | you haven't already
        
         | InSteady wrote:
         | >but had to be careful because we only had correlations as far
         | as I knew
         | 
         | Sooner or later we need to throw caution to the wind when it
         | comes to advocating for behaving more conservatively towards
         | the environment and climate. If we have to wait until we have
         | ironclad proof that we shouldn't be wrecking things, we are A.
         | allowing our caution to be permissive of recklessness, and B.
         | creating a situation similar to the asymmetry of spreading
         | bullshit -- it takes far longer to prove something is harmful
         | than it takes to switch over to some other equally (or more)
         | destructive practice.
         | 
         | Sorry, I'll step off my soapbox now. Not even sure if you were
         | discussing these things in the context of conservation.
         | 
         | It is indeed really cool stuff! The natural world continues to
         | throw surprise after surprise at us, and the more we learn the
         | more it looks like it really is Fern Gully operating in the
         | wilds of our wonderful earth.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, grasses do seem to put off some smell at times,
         | including preceding a heavy rain. To me, they don't seem as as
         | heady and "luscious" like the rich floral terpenes from a
         | forest (then again I'm from the PNW, so I haven't spent as much
         | time in the grasslands). I wonder if it is more soil bacteria
         | that the grasses are in symbiosis with that do the heavy
         | lifting in terms of rain seeding. Neat to wonder about.
        
         | mlinhares wrote:
         | Kinda matches the destruction caused by humans beings in the
         | countryside in northeastern Brasil as well. Most of the trees
         | for the somewhat arid climate were felled and droughts that
         | were every 20 years started to become more and more common
         | until now it's an eternal drought where very little actually
         | grows as it barely rains.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | It's fun also because this relationship is explicitly & deeply
         | embedded in some north american indigenous ecologies, maybe
         | others. We've been confidently dismissing it for generations.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | Doesn't this seem obvious on its face? Any given tree harnesses
         | a tremendous amount of moisture. And it's constantly
         | "breathing." Why _wouldn't_ a preponderance of trees affect
         | ambient moisture (and, by extension, clouds)?
        
       | gmuslera wrote:
       | Messing with very complex systems and expecting that random odds
       | benefit instead of doom you and all mankind is a bad bet.
       | 
       | And this kind of things gives another hint on how complex the
       | system is, how many players influence and are influenced by it,
       | including not even suspected ones.
       | 
       | We should take into account things that we don't know that we
       | don't know when betting big.
        
       | Modified3019 wrote:
       | If you've ever been among dense conifers trees, you'll have
       | noticed a mostly blue-ish but ranging from grey to purple haze
       | (like the smoky mountains, or Pacific Northwest).
       | 
       | That's the terpenes (and other VOC, "volatile organic compounds")
       | that the trees emit. These react with ozone, creating compounds
       | that scatter blue light.
       | 
       | I am not certain, but I believe this fog helps plays a role (in
       | combination with specific needle microstructures and density) in
       | the formation of water condensation on conifer needles, which
       | they can absorb, either via drip or more directly when it
       | collects toward the base of the needles. The exact capability
       | will depend on the species.
       | 
       | This chemical fog also acts as a communal defense against many
       | pests and pathogens, isolated conifers are more vulnerable
       | without it.
        
         | steanne wrote:
         | this effect is also the source of the name for the blue ridge
         | mountains.
        
       | makeworld wrote:
       | > so we can fix our climate models.
       | 
       | Is there any indication if this discovery will improve or worsen
       | the current outlook? It doesn't seem like the article points in
       | either direction.
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | and humans mostly do the opposite, air pollution is preventing
       | rain, sometimes it can fall the week-end when pollution is lower
       | 
       | For me the "value" of a tree is extremely high, as well as
       | plants, insects, worms.., humans values are the bottom of this
       | scale, just after mosquitoes
        
         | czbond wrote:
         | > humans values are the bottom of this scale, just after
         | mosquitoes
         | 
         | Aren't us humans almost exclusively a net negative, except for
         | a small few? Meaning in most cases to Earth, it's best we
         | didn't exist? We create pollution, waste, consume large amounts
         | of resources that are only a net benefit _in some cases_ to
         | humans.
         | 
         | Now in a cosmic sense, maybe the Universe gains by having life
         | - but who knows
        
           | pauldenton wrote:
           | Has any other life form on Earth protected another life form
           | on Earth from extinction? It seems like other life is
           | spending 0 effort maintaining the environment, preventing the
           | extinction of other species that are considered competitors
           | for limited food and limited space.
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | The species that evolved in conjunction with those
             | ecosystems don't have to put effort into maintaining those
             | ecosystems. They do it automatically.
        
             | czbond wrote:
             | While I don't disagree with these points, wouldn't this
             | mean some small number like 0.0000001% of all of us humans
             | over humanities entire existence are not a net negative?
        
           | 11235813213455 wrote:
           | Totally, the other animals that also have negative footprint
           | are pets, farming animals due to their food and care
           | 
           | All other animals are autonomous and participating in the
           | ecosystem
        
           | docandrew wrote:
           | 65 million years ago an asteroid hit the earth, making untold
           | species extinct and causing unimaginable climate change in
           | the span of a few hours. Now, with humans on earth with
           | telescopes and rockets and space-facing radar, we might stand
           | a chance if it happens again. I'd say that counts for
           | _something_.
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | I don't have the source, it was a few years ago, but there is a
         | positive correlation between particulates and precipitation;
         | however it can take several days for the effect to reach
         | maximum "signal" and due to the movement of air masses the
         | actual precipitation can happen some distance (possibly
         | thousands of miles) from the source of particulates: if it
         | rains (or doesn't rain) on the weekend for you, that might have
         | some correlation to location of the source of particulates in
         | your area.
         | 
         | A related effect would seem to be low sulfur fuel reducing
         | ocean cloud cover (compared to previous fuel). I just saw an
         | interactive map of a study using aircraft cruising altitude to
         | impact cloud formation a few days ago.
        
         | finneganscat wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | thenobsta wrote:
         | Are there correlation studies on this? I'm genuinely interested
         | in reading about this.
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | Tangent - Earthworms are an invasive species in North
         | America[1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_earthworms_of_North_A...
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | Sort of. Earthworms are a natural species in North America,
           | but in the northern parts of the continent they were wiped
           | out by glaciers ten to twenty thousand years ago.
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-
           | institution/earth...
        
             | goatlover wrote:
             | The entire idea of invasive species is kind of fraught,
             | because organisms migrate over time. Barren volcanic
             | islands will become seeded with life. Past extinction
             | events change the ecological dynamic. Technically, ocean
             | life invaded the land hundreds of millions of years ago.
             | Land bridges open up, continents collide or separate, etc.
             | Humans weren't the only organism to migrate out of one
             | continent onto others.
        
               | croo wrote:
               | And the entire idea of species is kind of fraught because
               | once we were all microorganisms?
               | 
               | No. Invasive species are relatively new to the land, they
               | disturbe the existing equilibrium often without any
               | natural predators to hunt them and they wreak havoc.
               | 
               | Like wild boars in USA. Like rabbits in Australia. Like
               | humans on earth.
               | 
               | Barren islands evolved for tens of millions of years in
               | isolation were all over the world until humans built
               | ships.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | Earthworms is an entire subclass of animals. There are
           | earthworms native of USA. Other aren't.
        
         | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
         | Are you sure it's not the other way around? I remember reading
         | Mondays have the sunniest weather because there's less
         | pollution over the weekend.
         | 
         | And also from the article:
         | 
         | >In the sky, aerosol particles attract water vapor or ice. When
         | the tiny wet globs get large enough, they become seeds for
         | clouds. Half of Earth's cloud cover forms around stuff like
         | sand, salt, soot, smoke, and dust. The other half nucleates
         | around vapors released by living things or machines, like the
         | sulfur dioxide that arises from burning fossil fuels.
        
         | SideQuark wrote:
         | > air pollution is preventing rain
         | 
         | Air pollution also causes more rain, changes rain from shallow
         | to severe, and a large host of other effects. It's not simply
         | "air pollution is preventing rain".
         | 
         | A simple example - for ~100 years mankind has used silver
         | iodide to seed clouds to cause rain. Silver iodide would easily
         | be called air pollution. [1]
         | 
         | Here's google scholar - note the large variety of rain and
         | pollution interaction - and most certainly not as simple or
         | negative as you post [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,15&q=preci...
        
           | 11235813213455 wrote:
           | obviously talking of the common car traffic and related air
           | pollution
        
       | Loic wrote:
       | Not a revelation at all. If you read the work of Francis Halle,
       | it is very well explained. Also the communication between trees
       | through released chemicals during fires.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Hall%C3%A9
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | Here in N. California I've seen it: the coastal forests breath
       | out cloudstuff. When the conditions are right they breath out
       | _something_ that immediately condenses a mist which rises and
       | becomes clouds that drift inland. The trees on each ridge are
       | synchronized so the initial mists are ridge-sized but they grow
       | as they rise.
       | 
       | It's cool that this is getting scientific attention, but really
       | weird to me that this was some kind of revelation. It's plain as
       | day if you just watch the forest.
        
       | archsurface wrote:
       | Does the term "seeding" have two meanings? I understood it to
       | mean dropping particles into clouds to trigger rain. The article
       | uses it to mean using particles to induce cloud formation.
        
         | ffk wrote:
         | Good question! The term is more generic, introducing something
         | to an existing system to begin a chain reaction.
        
       | joelrunyon wrote:
       | Why is this not linking directly to the wired article?
       | https://www.wired.com/story/a-revelation-about-trees-is-mess...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've changed it now.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I read an account a few years ago where an orange juice factory
       | in S. America couldn't figure out what to do with the orange
       | peels. Being filthy capitalist swine, they trucked it out to an
       | arid area that was nothing but scrub, and dumped it.
       | 
       | Fast forward 20 years. It turned into a garden that created its
       | own micro-climate. All sorts of vegetation, including trees, was
       | thriving in it, and the area it occupied was slowly expanding.
       | 
       | It boggles the mind what can be done with the incredible amount
       | of food waste humans generate.
       | 
       | Since then, when I eat an orange, I just throw the peels out into
       | the yard.
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | My city collects food and yard waste. Then sends it to be
         | composted on industrial scale that can handle food scraps. The
         | result is compost that can buy in stores.
         | 
         | I think waste composting should be the standard everywhere. It
         | separates organic waste from landfills where it would turn into
         | methane. Composting produces CO2 but most of the carbon gets
         | sequestered in the soil. I do wonder what should do with the
         | compost when there is a huge supply. Mixing it into farmland to
         | improve the soil might be good idea.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sampo wrote:
       | This 2004 paper "A new feedback mechanism linking forests,
       | aerosols, and climate" in _Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics_ was
       | the first time I read about this.
       | 
       | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/4/557/2004/acp-4-557-200...
        
       | nuc1e0n wrote:
       | Wow. I consider myself pretty open minded but the idea that trees
       | are releasing chemicals to seed clouds with is more amazing than
       | I could've envisaged.
        
         | jokoon wrote:
         | Are you french and is envisage an English word?
        
           | deadletters wrote:
           | It is, in fact
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | I wonder if this is industrializable as cloud seeding tech?
        
           | liquidpele wrote:
           | I mean... Why not just industrialize the planting of trees
           | for that? The damn things are practically free...
        
             | dopidopHN wrote:
             | Yeah. Thanks for sanity.
             | 
             | I react the same to "we should build drone to pollinate our
             | food if bees are sick."
             | 
             | Poorly re-inventing the wheels is silly.
        
         | ChatGTP wrote:
         | Same it's absolutely beautiful.
         | 
         | Makes you realise how amazing the natural world (everything
         | pre-industrial times) is.
         | 
         | I'd absolutely love to go back 300 years and smell the forests
         | and dive over pristine reefs.
         | 
         | Anyway this has given me more motivation than ever to restart
         | my guerrilla gardening efforts, planting trees in abandoned
         | farmland in my locale.
        
           | unsupp0rted wrote:
           | Beavers building dams is the amazing natural world.
           | 
           | Humans building dams is a sin against the natural world.
        
             | glhaynes wrote:
             | Some of the most unreligious people I know are also the
             | most bought-into the idea of a nature/humans dichotomy.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | What if you told them that indigenous people pre-
               | colonization sometimes built dams, dikes and aqueducts,
               | and made use of irrigation?
        
               | badpun wrote:
               | Indigenous people pre-colonization had in many cases
               | pretty advanced civilizations going on, with decent-sized
               | cities etc.
        
               | glhaynes wrote:
               | A lot of those same people seem to treat indigenous
               | people as outside of being touched by the "original sin"
               | that the rest of us are.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | The original sin of farming, or hierarchy, or city
               | dwelling. Problem is that the dividing line between our
               | hunter-gatherer ancestors and civilization are murky and
               | spread out over millennia, and across the planet in
               | varying degrees.
        
             | ChatGTP wrote:
             | Except your injecting all this into the conversation right
             | ? I never said it's "wrong" for anyone to build a dam. I'm
             | saying I'd like to see a world without mega dams, is that
             | ok ?
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | If beavers got as good as we did, they'd be wrong too.
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | We live in Mordor and have the ring.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | It's almost like scale is a quality of its own.
             | 
             | Dropping a snowball on you might tick you off.
             | 
             | Dropping an avalanche on you, and you probably won't have
             | much to say.
        
               | ChatGTP wrote:
               | Very correct.
               | 
               | A world with co2 emissions from fire stick farming is a
               | whole different game to what we've done in the last 100
               | years.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | > I'd absolutely love to go back 300 years
           | 
           | It'd be fun if you could time travel and do it for a few
           | days. I really doubt you'd want to live in that time forever.
        
             | volkk wrote:
             | unrelated to the broader tree discussion, but i find this
             | comment incredibly indicative of the type of forum this is.
             | only with engineers do you have to state your point and
             | enumerate through all edge cases around how your idea can
             | be interpreted even though GP PROBABLY didn't mean go back
             | and live there until the end of his life. But even so,
             | that's a derailment of the entire discussion anyway. You
             | always have a person that needs to point out something
             | inane like that which ends up causing a tangent discussion.
             | On a forum, it's fine, you have threads, you can just
             | ignore it and move on, but a lot of meetings & real
             | conversations end up this way. there has to be a name for
             | this because I want to call it something and then coach
             | people out of it
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | +1 on coaching people out of it. Very well put
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > On a forum, it's fine, you have threads, you can just
               | ignore it and move on
               | 
               | Yet we're on a forum, and you're not taking your own
               | advice?
        
               | volkk wrote:
               | > On a forum, it's fine, you have threads, you can just
               | ignore it and move on,
               | 
               | I should note that ^ -- but it also proves my point.
               | Digressions have gravity. And now this digression has
               | created a complete fork of the original intended post.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Well that's how conversations go, coach. One thought
               | leads to another, sometime tangentially.
               | 
               | Don't worry, I'm done here now.
        
               | nuancebydefault wrote:
               | HN comments are often a web or at least some thick
               | threads of tangents. On most forums tangents are
               | downvoted and labeled offtopic in capitals.
               | 
               | In HN comments on the other hand those side tracks are
               | mostly encouraged, I think that is a good thing.
        
               | colineartheta wrote:
               | This is so true.
        
               | smokel wrote:
               | A word for this might be "pedantic".
               | 
               | (You were asking for a name, but I am trying to be
               | pedantic here.)
        
             | ChatGTP wrote:
             | Have you ever seen The Truman show ? Your comment reminds
             | me of that movie.
             | 
             | I said that I want to visit. Not stay forever.
             | 
             | On the other hand, I'm not sure what it is but people seem
             | to always have to point this out. Actually seems like it's
             | a more common thing to say nowadays. It comes across as
             | insecurity to me.
             | 
             | "You wouldn't want to go back to simpler times they are
             | just awful, run along now..."
        
             | dopidopHN wrote:
             | Let's wait 20 years and re-assess.
             | 
             | For context I live in US city that everyone knows, and the
             | talk of the town is "when will our tap water will become
             | brackish, and for how long?"
             | 
             | Fun times ahead. Not sure the appeal of the industrial time
             | will stand.
             | 
             | Edit : the when is a matter of days / weeks. Not years. (
             | salt of the gulf goes up the river )
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | 300?
           | 
           | You mean closer to 30,000 years right?
           | 
           | Humans have been shaping the world with fire for a long time.
        
             | ChatGTP wrote:
             | No 300 would be fine. I'm ok with fire stick farming, it
             | makes forests beautiful, visit North Western Austalia
             | during the dry season if you want to see a truly beautiful
             | landscape shaped by indigenous fire stick farming.
        
       | eachro wrote:
       | Yishan Wong's startup Terra
       | formation(https://www.terraformation.com/) is trying to tackle
       | climate change with this more or less as the underlying thesis.
        
         | galangalalgol wrote:
         | I love forests, any sort, but reforestation the right way, as
         | Terra seems to support, takes more time than some are saying we
         | have. The wrong way becomes the right way when it is all you
         | have time for. Iron fertilization of oceans is promising for
         | albedo already, if we can efficiently synthesize these terpenes
         | in the right ratio to seed clouds perhaps that would buy some
         | time.
        
           | eachro wrote:
           | It's probably fine to have some solutions that operate on
           | different time scales than the other proposed solutions that
           | others are trying.
        
           | jonhohle wrote:
           | More time than we have for what?
        
             | ako wrote:
             | The effects of global warming to have disastrous effects on
             | humans.
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | Fortunately humans are adaptable and in many parts of the
               | world already living in conditions significantly hotter
               | than predicted in the medium term (50-100 years).
               | 
               | I'm much more concerned about the cure being worse than
               | the disease when it comes to novel methods of affecting
               | climate. Plant trees, replace coal/oil with nuclear and
               | solar, keep up on forest maintenance, etc.
        
               | ako wrote:
               | I'm sure you are aware that there's way more going on
               | than just a slight increase in average temperature
               | (otherwise maybe ask the people on maui, greece or canada
               | if they like their slight increase in temperate), but I
               | agree that we should be careful with any radical cures.
        
           | czbond wrote:
           | @galangalalgol can you expand on "if we can efficiently
           | synthesize these terpenes in the right ratio to seed clouds"?
           | 
           | It is too early for me to grok, and coffee hasn't kicked in
           | yet
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "that would buy some time."
           | 
           | Or mess things further up, in a way no one did foresee.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | I think financing and assisting reforestation projects is a
         | worthwhile thing to work on, but selling carbon credits
         | directly enables harmful behavior that more than offsets any
         | potential benefits. I wish it were possible for this company to
         | be funded by government grants or the UN or something like
         | that.
        
           | lukas099 wrote:
           | Even if carbon credits do absolutely nothing else, at least
           | they impose a cost on carbon release.
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | Carbon credits are so incredibly cheap, and in most cases
             | completely voluntary, that I genuinely don't believe they
             | have impacted anyone's behavior. Companies and individuals
             | that buy credits either were already planning on reducing
             | their emissions (so in the best case the credits are
             | useless), or don't want to reduce emissions and are using
             | the credits for PR purposes to delay any actual reduction
             | and call themselves "net zero".
             | 
             | Even when they're legally mandated, most credits are
             | completely unverifiable (what ratings agency will be able
             | to certify that a tree you sponsored will last 100 years).
             | It is actively harmful to allow someone to say that since
             | they paid $10 to plant a tree that may or may not absorb a
             | ton of carbon over the next century, that offsets the
             | literal ton of carbon that they just emitted yesterday (and
             | made a lot more than $10 off of). Just tax the carbon and
             | put the proceeds towards ecological restoration, that
             | accomplishes the same thing without letting anyone falsely
             | claim they have offset their emissions, and allows the
             | government to set the price to something meaningful.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-09-30 23:01 UTC)