[HN Gopher] Is consciousness part of the fabric of the universe?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is consciousness part of the fabric of the universe?
        
       Author : LinuxBender
       Score  : 68 points
       Date   : 2023-09-30 13:17 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | Especially considering recent advances in the neurosciences, and
       | where they intersect with systems theory (see: Friston), it seems
       | inevitable to conclude that learning systems -- mammalian nervous
       | systems being quite architecturally specialized but nonetheless
       | made of the same stuff as the rest of the universe -- generally
       | experience consciousness.
       | 
       | Note for the layperson: consciousness is not necessarily
       | _awareness_ (modeling sensory perceptions) nor _sentience_
       | (recognizing oneself as an agent) but merely  "subjective
       | phenomenological experience". So the experience may not
       | necessarily be very complex nor even recognized as such by the
       | experiencer, but it is experience nonetheless.
       | 
       | Also worth noting there are a few flavors of panpsychism and some
       | vigorous debate within the sub-sub-field as to which one is most
       | reasonable. I dug deep into this a couple years ago and disagreed
       | with some but not all of Goff's positions.
       | 
       | The argument from him that stuck with me and forms part of the
       | basis of my attachment to panpsychism now is just an application
       | of the scientific method: if we _know_ we are conscious, and we
       | _don 't know_ whether anything else is conscious or not, the null
       | hypothesis states that everything should be considered conscious
       | until proven otherwise.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | > he null hypothesis states that everything should be
         | considered conscious until proven otherwise.
         | 
         | Sorry, no. The null hypothesis is generally assumed to remain
         | possibly true.
         | 
         | So, the null hypothesis states that everything should be
         | considered possibly conscious until proven otherwise.
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | What you pose is just the basis for the question, not a
           | possible answer to it. A null hypothesis must still be a
           | hypothesis, not a subtly vague hedge that doesn't actually
           | posit anything.
           | 
           | It may be that the tools science provides are inadequate for
           | this question in which case the question is ill-posed, but in
           | any case your interpretation of what a hypothesis is, is
           | simply incorrect.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | In reply to both yourself and FollowingTheDao: the concept
             | of a null hypothesis is from the analysis of quantitative
             | data. For either of the null hypotheses posited in this
             | thread, what are the corresponding data?
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | > it seems inevitable to conclude that learning systems ...
         | generally experience consciousness.
         | 
         | I don't think so. There's no reason to assume a nematode or an
         | LLM is conscious. The latter doesn't even have anything to be
         | conscious of.
         | 
         | Ages ago, Minksy has half-jokingly said that consciousness is
         | probably a feedback loop. It makes sense, but it does require
         | the learning system to be able to observe itself in sufficient
         | detail and have sufficient power to model that observation.
         | 
         | The remark about the null hypothesis doesn't make sense. It's a
         | bad practice from NHST (the very model that led to the
         | reproducibility crisis), and is generally assumed to be the
         | hypothesis to test against. It's not the hypothesis we know to
         | be true. And experience informs us that consciousness is not
         | universal, so it's not our best hypothesis about life or
         | matter.
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | > There's no reason to assume a nematode or an LLM is
           | conscious.
           | 
           | It has inputs. It need not necessarily _understand_ them --
           | that is a separate question to that of consciousness. See the
           | note for laypeople.
           | 
           | > It's not the hypothesis we know to be true.
           | 
           | I don't think this is a best-faith response to my comment. If
           | I was unclear I can clarify: in absence of further evidence
           | it's a good starting place. I don't think I implied anything
           | about truth.
           | 
           | > And experience informs us that consciousness is not
           | universal
           | 
           | How is it possible you know this with such certainty? People
           | whose lives and careers begin and end with this question
           | don't have any such knowledge.
        
             | tgv wrote:
             | The best starting point is the one that seems most likely.
             | We've never observed consciousness, not even in people. I
             | (i.e., the first person perspective) can talk to them and
             | get convinced others feel the same, so it's fair to assume
             | most people are conscious (in particular because small
             | children seem to lack this capacity). In higher mammals
             | it's uncertain, and we can't communicate at all with
             | anything else, but observation hasn't revealed much. There
             | is no evidence of consciousness in other animals or dead
             | matter, despite people looking for it. It also wouldn't
             | have any evolutionary advantage for a fly to be conscious,
             | nor does it make neurological sense. A fly's behavior
             | doesn't reveal much thought, how could it ever have a
             | consciousness? Just because it is somewhat capable of
             | learning? It takes us many years to get to the point, and
             | it requires a lot of social interaction, and a lot of
             | understanding. So the starting point is: consciousness in
             | most other species is most likely missing, and certainly in
             | dead matter.
             | 
             | > How is it possible you know this with such certainty?
             | People whose lives and careers begin and end with this
             | question don't have any such knowledge.
             | 
             | It is technically unknown, because there isn't a
             | definition, certainly not an operationalizable one.
             | Assuming consciousness is another physical force makes it
             | fundamentally unknowable. It is the easy way out.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | Simply ignoring the entire field of philosophy of mind
               | and imposing your own definitions is not going to get you
               | anywhere.
               | 
               | Thought is not required for consciousness, only
               | experience. I strongly suggest you read the literature
               | and traditions of thought so you may be more informed
               | about the things of which you speak.
               | 
               | > there isn't a definition
               | 
               | There is, and I quoted it directly above. If you have an
               | issue with the definition I suggest you bring it up with
               | the community that came up with it, namely, professional
               | philosophers. I suspect they already have a precise term
               | for the thing you're referring to as 'consciousness'.
               | 
               | However the most ridiculous part of your reply is this:
               | 
               | > We've never observed consciousness
               | 
               | You have never experienced color? Taste? I consider it
               | pretty important for someone with such strong opinions on
               | the matter to have personal... ahem, _experience_... in
               | it.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | I was really hoping to see descriptions of some experiments being
       | done to test this theory. What is a situation where a photon
       | would act differently if it has consciousness than if it is
       | merely an unthinking artifact of physical laws? Or a berry, or a
       | fish, or a small plastic statue of a dragon, or a bong?
       | 
       | Of course there may also be the problem that experiments that
       | _confirm_ this theory can very quickly lead you down a path to
       | publishing a paper whose tl,dr is  "I think I just confirmed that
       | 'magic' works" and that is _very_ definitely not a route to
       | tenure and /or further funding; Bengston's "The Energy Cure" is a
       | pretty good example of what happens when you start doing that.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | > Bengston's "The Energy Cure" is a pretty good example of what
         | happens when you start doing that
         | 
         | Curious about this. Could you explain a bit more what happened?
         | Thank you
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Take a look at Tom Campbell's current iteration of the double
         | slit. (I am loosely/poorly summarizing). He's predicting that
         | you'll get wave like behavior with an observer at the slit if
         | the recorder for the observer is turned off. The observer is
         | still turned on. Fascinating implications.
         | 
         | Should have results in the coming year. Preliminary reports are
         | encouraging.
         | 
         | He's crowd funded this setup and its ongoing:
         | https://youtu.be/72qVppAoCc8?feature=shared
         | 
         | More in depth:
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OZUqtxdT0QY&pp=ygUYVG9tIENhbXB...
         | 
         | He's got an update from this August but it's just about waiting
         | on labs and universities to complete it.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | I keep on thinking I should get ahold of his book. Oh hey I
           | just checked his site and it's not only on Amazon any more,
           | now a copy is on its way. :)
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | My Big Toe? It's a tedious frustrating slog. His MBT
             | YouTube series from Calgary is much more rewarding at about
             | 1.5x speed.
        
         | choxi wrote:
         | Isn't the measurement problem still potentially linked to
         | consciousness? We don't know why we experience one thing when
         | reality is actually in a superposition of possibilities. It
         | could be that our measurement devices cause quantum collapse,
         | or they too exist in a superposition until we measure the
         | measuring device.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | See Tom Campbell above re new Double Slit experiments, he's
           | addressing your specific issue here.
        
       | curation wrote:
       | No.Consciousness is the remainder left over after the creation of
       | the universe. It is not fabric-like but more like an impossible
       | kernal that, like reality, cannot ever be finalized.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | I think it's useful to think in terms of what we are conscious
       | _of_. Meaning, that there is a subject and an object of
       | consciousness. For example, I'd argue that qualia is not an
       | inherent part of consciousness, it's merely something we are
       | conscious _of_. It's plausible that qualia are inner workings in
       | our brain that our brain is itself perceiving, and thus is
       | conscious of. What I think confuses people is that we are also
       | conscious of our consciousness. That doesn't need to mean that
       | the subject and the object of consciousness are the same in that
       | case: it could also mean that the "of", i.e. the arrow between
       | subject and object, is itself an object of consciousness. Now,
       | it's very plausible that this "of" arrow in general is not a
       | simple arrow, but rather a complex graph or network. Given the
       | complexity of the brain, there is certainly ample space for
       | myriads of such arrow-networks. The Buddhist conception of no-
       | self can be taken as there being no singular conscious subject.
       | Instead, there are really just the "of" arrows, which partially
       | form a self-recursion by partially pointing to each other, and
       | this structure is what forms the apparent "self".
       | 
       | Put slightly differently, there is no consciousness without the
       | objects of consciousness, without the things we are consciousness
       | _of_. At the time, we manifestly can't get a grasp on the subject
       | without making it an object of consciousness. Or rather, we would
       | be completely unaware of it if it wasn't also an object. From
       | this one may conclude that what actually exists is only the "of"
       | relation, and that the conscious subject is really just formed
       | out of those.
        
         | MaxBarraclough wrote:
         | > It's plausible that qualia are inner workings in our brain
         | that our brain is itself perceiving, and thus is conscious of.
         | 
         | This seems circular. Why would those inner workings not
         | themselves give rise to consciousness, in the way you suppose
         | second-order workings of the brain do?
         | 
         | > we are also conscious of our consciousness. That doesn't need
         | to mean that the subject and the object of consciousness are
         | the same in that case: it could also mean that the "of", i.e.
         | the arrow between subject and object, is itself an object of
         | consciousness.
         | 
         | Those are two different things, no? You can think about your
         | consciousness, or you can think about your ability to think
         | about your consciousness.
         | 
         | > Now, it's very plausible that this "of" arrow in general is
         | not a simple arrow, but rather a complex graph or network.
         | Given the complexity of the brain, there is certainly ample
         | space for myriads of such arrow-networks.
         | 
         | Meaning what? You're describing a different graph, I don't see
         | how it bears on the simple one we started with.
         | 
         | > we manifestly can't get a grasp on the subject without making
         | it an object of consciousness
         | 
         | Again this seems circular. If you think about consciousness,
         | then by definition the thing you're thinking about is
         | consciousness.
         | 
         | > we would be completely unaware of it if it wasn't also an
         | object
         | 
         | Same again. If you aren't thinking about consciousness, then
         | consciousness isn't currently something that you're thinking
         | about. I'm not seeing the point here.
         | 
         | > what actually exists is only the "of" relation, and that the
         | conscious subject is really just formed out of those
         | 
         | I'm not convinced. Our ability to be conscious of our
         | consciousness is of no particular relevance to the deeper
         | question of how consciousness arises. Many animal species
         | clearly have some form of consciousness, but are probably
         | incapable of the sort of abstract reasoning needed to be
         | conscious of their consciousness. I'm skeptical of any theory
         | whose starting point is the human ability to do so.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | > Why would those inner workings not themselves give rise to
           | consciousness, in the way you suppose second-order workings
           | of the brain do?
           | 
           | I don't think that "consciousness" exists other than in the
           | form of "perceiving inner workings". (That's basically the
           | point I was trying to make. And that "perceiving" itself
           | constitutes "inner workings", and is thus partly subject to
           | itself.) In that sense, there is nothing that arises. I'm one
           | of those who don't think there's a hard problem of
           | consciousness. My impression is that, for the most part, it's
           | the recursivity that leads us to believe there is something
           | extra there which really there isn't.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | reilly3000 wrote:
       | Psychology, and specifically DBT practitioners seem to have the
       | belief that consciousness is at odds with emotions, and that one
       | must struggle to access their own consciousness. There is the
       | emotional, intellectual, and 'wise' minds, and then you, with
       | agency to give credence towards one or another. To be an observer
       | of your thoughts... while this may lead to healthy outcomes, I've
       | found the model disturbing. Who is that agent making that
       | decision, and what makes it distinct and authoritative?
        
         | hn72774 wrote:
         | I'm not an expert but I think there's a distinction between
         | self awareness and consciousness.
         | 
         | To be an observer of your thoughts, feelings, and emotions is
         | not a practice that's limited to DBT or psychology. It has
         | roots in Eastern spiritual practices.
        
       | gchamonlive wrote:
       | I have been imersing myself in this subject and the gist of what
       | I got is that consciousness collapses under the reductionist
       | process currently employed in the scientific method.
       | 
       | Moreover, the very framework in which the current scientific work
       | is done might well be just an emergent data structure used by
       | what we understand as consciousness to navigate whatever the
       | objective reality is in a way that is simpler and more effective
       | than having to access quantum states and particle trajectories
       | through senses.
       | 
       | That being said, I think that there is something intrinsically
       | insufficient in language itself to describe this wholistic
       | relationship between consciousness, qualia and the perceived
       | world. My take is that for anything to be communicated through
       | symbols it has to undergo a reduction process which is essential
       | to the flow of information to occur, otherwise you would have to
       | communicate the entire universe at once, which is just
       | impossible. You have to reduce reality to a set of symbols for
       | the symbols itself to make sense. That is the whole premise of
       | language, that a word has meaning only when immersed in other
       | words (cow represents a cow insofar it doesn't represent anything
       | else besides a cow).
       | 
       | If this is true, and Godel incompleteness Theorem is essential,
       | then this whole talk might take us closer to representing the
       | experience of consciousness but there might never be a unifying
       | theory, because for that to exist, that has to be a language that
       | represents everything without reducing it to none of its parts, a
       | theory without postulates.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | You have a good grasp on this. Have you looked at Tom Campbell?
         | He has a separate angle than Hoffman but very similar
         | conclusions.
         | 
         | The batshit crazy thing about Tom is that he shows you ways
         | that you can individually experiment and prove through your own
         | experiences the things he's positing. His My Big Toe trilogy
         | goes into all this, but I shudder to recommend it. Tedious
         | slog.
         | 
         | If you really want to prove it to yourself, it's not too hard.
         | This book by Kenneth Daz, "The Last Astral Projection Book
         | You'll Ever Need", is the best way I've found, he's read
         | endlessly and summarized it into a hundred pages.
         | 
         | So far I've rolled out of my body twice now. Floated through my
         | front door and got down my road a fair ways. Fully conscious,
         | able to make choices, full memory after returning to my body.
         | No psychedelics involved. You can't of course talk to anyone
         | about this. My wife knows but she's been naturally OBE'ing
         | since she's a kid.
         | 
         | (Edit, I can't believe I'm not being down voted to oblivion
         | here. Love HN).
        
           | smokel wrote:
           | A thing with Out-of-Body-Experiences is that if you were able
           | to shift outside of your body, then why would you still be
           | constrained to the body of the earth?
           | 
           | If you were able to roam around free of physics, then
           | certainly you would leave not only your human body, but you
           | would have to take account of the earth moving around the sun
           | as well (at breakneck speed, mind you). You'd probably be
           | either a few kilometers inside our planet or up in the air,
           | and then in space, in practically no time.
           | 
           | So, call me unconvinced about OBE's. It's most likely just
           | your mind playing tricks on you.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | The thing that convinced Campbell it was real was when he
             | and a colleague met up during them and recounted the shared
             | experiences after. I'm not that motivated to go to the moon
             | but people said that's no big deal to do that.
        
           | czbond wrote:
           | I've been interested for some time in Astral, thanks for
           | mentioning it. I've had very intelligent, credible people
           | suggest it is possible. Similar for remote viewing
           | 
           | In the crux of Tom's argument - what can one prove via
           | Astral?
        
           | fishtacos wrote:
           | If I could, I would. Most of what you wrote is anathema to
           | evidential scientific conversation. If you've got no evidence
           | for it besides the subjective, then it's not provable.
           | 
           | I've no idea who Tom is, so I followed up on what you wrote
           | and believe I have enough of a glimpse to see he's a crackpot
           | theorist. Being a physicist doesn't abscond one of the burden
           | of proof. Apparently he's been cooking up a new double slit
           | experiment for the past decade+.
           | 
           | Yeah... OK... let's not even get started on falsifiability.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | Yeah all fair critism, except that experiment is involved
             | and it does take that long to get rigerous results.
             | 
             | You can actually do this. Takes about ten or so tries over
             | a few weeks for most. I haven't tried to fly like a bird
             | yet. Hopefully I'll get to experience that next.
        
               | Buttons840 wrote:
               | They way you sell it, I gotta say, even if it's all
               | imagination I want to try it.
        
             | gchamonlive wrote:
             | I think maybe the only thing separating the guesswork
             | involved in producing things like the amplituhedron is the
             | fact that they are able to reproduce results in space-time
             | that we can understand and verify. However, if this is true
             | that we perceive space and time through the evolution of
             | senses that are bounded by fitness functions unrelated to
             | the real world, then the only verification method could
             | deceive us.
             | 
             | Maybe other expressions that don't match our observations
             | might not be entirely invalid, they might just represent
             | different emergent worlds not unlike the one we perceive
             | through our senses. Maybe they could map to these
             | transcendental or mystical experiences, I don't know, only
             | guessing here.
             | 
             | In any case, it serves us well to have untainted clarity in
             | our objectives. If we intend to create abstractions that
             | correlate to the real world and help us create tools that
             | somehow explain or help manipulate the perceived reality
             | (which I believe is the only reasonable goal), then
             | falsifiability and proof in this sense is essential, and I
             | have to agree with you.
        
               | fishtacos wrote:
               | Separating this question from the rest of the
               | conversation:
               | 
               | Do you think it's plausible we live in a simulated
               | existence? If so, how? If not, why not? (very broad
               | questions, am aware; simply wanted to get an input on
               | your perspective).
        
               | gchamonlive wrote:
               | It's plausible, even probable, given the arguments layed
               | out in Nick Bolstrom essay "Are you living in a computer
               | simulation?".
               | 
               | I used to think the question that should preclude this
               | one is if the universe is even able to host a simulation
               | of itself, but given that we know it is probable we live
               | in a perceived reality that not only is separated from
               | what we think as objective reality, that this perceived
               | reality is, for the sake of survival, a much simplified
               | version of the objective reality, then it isn't
               | impossible that a base objective reality might harbor
               | countless simulations not unlike the one we possibly live
               | in.
               | 
               | This is however an interesting experiment in a way to
               | guide moral decisions when we encounter technological
               | leaps, like if we ever develop the capability of
               | producing an ASI. I don't think, however, that these
               | considerations are falsifiable, because we can't just
               | "break out" of our possible simulation to see what is
               | what. What might that even mean? Would we be able to tell
               | if we broke out of our simulation? It breeds all sorts of
               | speculations that at the end of the day adds very little
               | to the overall discussion.
               | 
               | What I personally think is that there is something to be
               | perceived and explored ousite of the realm of human
               | concern, in the silence of the absence of the endless
               | chatter of the cognitive consciousness, that is hard to
               | experience and hard to describe, even though it is
               | accessible to everyone, maybe in the form of a question,
               | like "what is really keeping you from experiencing the
               | dharma body of the Buddha?".
               | 
               | I know this is all really esoteric and mystic, but I am
               | really trying very hard to maintain a certain level of
               | philosophical scrutiny here, if only whoever reads this
               | might give me the benefit of the doubt. All in all this
               | is my take on the subject and I hope I don't disappoint
               | you too deeply.
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | > what is really keeping you from experiencing the dharma
               | body of the Buddha
               | 
               | What makes you think dharma body is more real than Santa
               | Claus?
        
               | gchamonlive wrote:
               | If you think quality is real then you probably saw the
               | dharma body's reflection already. It is as real as all
               | the ghosts we perceive with our consciousness mind knife.
               | Gravity, light, music... are they real? Why? Because they
               | affect the world we perceive in meaningful ways? Then why
               | is Santa not real when it manifests itself in the holiday
               | every year? If the idea of the spaghetti monster makes
               | you fast every fortnight it has a real impact on you, the
               | same way that believing earth was the center of the
               | universe influenced the people around Galileo at the time
               | until he proved it was a meaningless ghost.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | I have a hard time thinking that its simulated, like we
               | are stuck inside a computer in Tron. But I do believe
               | what we interact with is not the essence, its only a
               | small part of everything else that underlies, that we
               | just can't sense is there.
        
               | polishdude20 wrote:
               | Yeah it seems like what others see as a simulation , you
               | can also see that as just the limit of what we currently
               | know. Like, there are things we don't know. In one
               | hundred years, we will find out more and that will now be
               | part of our base reality. Just because there are things
               | we don't know doesn't mean they're part of some objective
               | outside reality. They're just not discovered yet.
        
           | gchamonlive wrote:
           | I think it is because this is the few times where mysticism
           | and science meet and wrestle. How to communicate something
           | inherently transcendental without talking about this inward
           | journey through consciousness? It might take sometime to
           | separate fact from fiction, but at this point we are in,
           | untethered exploration is essential.
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | > If you really want to prove it to yourself, it's not too
           | hard.
           | 
           | Perhaps.
           | 
           | But proving it to _anyone else at all_ is a hell of a leap in
           | difficulty from there.
        
           | dbsmith83 wrote:
           | Have you ever conducted a simple experiment to prove you were
           | not just lucid dreaming? It is a pretty easily falsifiable
           | claim
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | That's something I wonder myself. I need to do a few more,
             | maybe up to fifty before I have enough subjective data to
             | be certain. What is this experiment to prove I'm not lucid
             | dreaming? You can put your fingers on your nostrils and
             | blow through fingers in lucid dream, irl the air stops, but
             | in OBE, you might not have a full body. One time I did,
             | other time I was just like a shadow, half formed. Really
             | weird.
             | 
             | There's a progression I've experienced which I don't think
             | is something a lucid dream is characterized by. Got a hand
             | out, fell out and quickly went back because it scared me.
             | Got out and couldn't see and gave up. Got out and out the
             | front door and that freaked me out. Then finally a half
             | mile down the road.
             | 
             | My next journey I'm going to go farther in my area to
             | places that I've never been and see what they compare to on
             | a fully conscious visit.
             | 
             | One thing that shocked me though was going through my front
             | door. At the time in the OBE I thought this isn't the same
             | front door, particularly the stained glass. Then I went and
             | looked at it in real life after and I realized my OBE
             | recollection was more accurate than my previous knowledge
             | or memory of it.
        
               | blacksqr wrote:
               | >What is this experiment to prove I'm not lucid dreaming?
               | 
               | For decades magician and debunker of supernatural claims
               | James Randi placed a new object on his dining table every
               | month, and offered a million dollar prize to anyone who
               | could tell him what the current object was. Of course the
               | prize was never claimed.
               | 
               | Ask a friend down your block to put something on their
               | dining table. Do your OBE thing and write down what you
               | saw. If you're right you'll have proven you're not lucid
               | dreaming and be world famous for demonstrating the
               | reality of psychic phenomena.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Yeah I could try something like that. Maybe even stick a
               | playing card that I don't look at somewhere.
               | 
               | I don't really care about proving this to anyone else. My
               | main reason is to try to talk to my daughter I lost last
               | year. Been really hard...
        
               | sohamssd wrote:
               | A simple experiment would be to have someone else write
               | down a number on a piece of paper while you weren't in
               | that room, have you do your OBE thingy and then
               | accurately tell that number several times.
        
               | Buttons840 wrote:
               | Even just once would be near proof, assuming care was
               | taken to ensure the secret didn't "leak" somehow. Maybe
               | have an open-minded neighbor put a sticky note on the
               | wall by his bed. If you find the number, you'll know it's
               | real.
        
               | Engineering-MD wrote:
               | I mean you could ask someone to leave a note (maybe a
               | couple of random sentences or a password) somewhere that
               | you have never seen. Go read it when OBE then when back
               | in your body write it down and then get your friend to
               | compare the note you wrote to the original.
        
               | lend000 wrote:
               | You can see what's going on on your roof perhaps? I'm
               | very interested in the subject and spend a lot of time
               | meditating but have yet to experience anything one might
               | consider mystical, outside of the use of psychedelics.
        
             | polishdude20 wrote:
             | Easy. Have someone go to the other room. OBE yourself into
             | that room and see how many fingers they're holding up.
             | Confirm if you were correct.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | Great take. Alan Watts described the issue pretty eloquently:
         | 
         | > It's beyond all categorization whatsoever, and so the
         | Upanishads say, "all we can say of it positively is the
         | negative." Neti neti; 'it is not this, not that.
         | 
         | The above was specifically referring to "god", however it's
         | pretty much the same concept. Anything we can symbolize is
         | effectively not the ineffable thing that we want to represent
         | with the symbols
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | But humans are _special_. They have to be special. Right? Not
       | just what happens once nematodes evolve to survive better.
       | Otherwise, why are we here?
       | 
       | It gets worse for this kind of philosophy as machine learning
       | gets better. Machine learning is a rather simple operation
       | replicated a huge number of times, fed with lightly filtered data
       | about the world. As you add more units and feed in more raw data,
       | it gets smarter.
       | 
       | Now we have a clue about how intelligence really works, and it's
       | upsetting some people.
        
         | badrabbit wrote:
         | You are confusing accurate automation with intelligence. And I
         | suspect you haven't thought too deeply about consciousness.
         | Intelligence and consciousness are not the same, chicken have
         | consciousness and dream.
         | 
         | The classic childish confusion of how vs what is also something
         | to be wary of.
         | 
         | Imagine a program in a computer figuring out it is made out of
         | instructions and bits and bytes, that's how its world works but
         | what exactly is that program? Information? A bunch of complex
         | logic gates? An encoding of logic according to the conscious
         | intent of the programmer? Are programs really at the end of the
         | day a representation of human intent?
         | 
         | Much in the same way, this complex piece of software that we
         | are and our limited awareness of our world such as
         | understanding quantum mechanics (like the program understanding
         | bits and instructions) is just describing how things are not
         | what we, the consciousness (not the one ones) ultimately are.
         | 
         | I suspect a lot of the quantum weirdness might be humans
         | looking at the equivalent of "transistor current" , at such a
         | low level that meaning is obscured where at a higher level
         | things just work in bits represented by low/high volage
         | (digital), without minding specific voltage sampling (analog).
         | Just my unfounded speculation though.
        
       | BasedAnon wrote:
       | What's the deal with these things being lumped in with physics?
       | This isn't physics this is just regular philosophy with some
       | scientific sounding language. I feel like this is people reaching
       | for religion but not wanting to admit it to themselves.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Conscious awareness appears to be a fundamental aspect of the
         | universe -- as fundamental as the four known fundamental forces
         | -- and physics is concerned with describing the laws of the
         | universe.
         | 
         | How could consciousness _not_ be lumped in with physics, from
         | this perspective?
         | 
         | It doesn't matter whether consciousness pervades the universe
         | in a form of panpsychism, or is emergent out of interactions we
         | already understand. Fluid mechanics is emergent too, in a sense
         | -- that doesn't put it outside of physics.
        
           | some_furry wrote:
           | > Conscious awareness appears to be a fundamental aspect of
           | the universe -- as fundamental as the four known fundamental
           | forces -- and physics is concerned with describing the laws
           | of the universe.
           | 
           | Why do you believe this to be true?
           | 
           | If it's a self-evident observation, try explaining it to me
           | like I'm 5.
        
             | jemmyw wrote:
             | Funny because the whole argument does work better if you
             | imagine the proponents are 5. "I'm special therefore the
             | universe must care about me and my thoughts"
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Sure, ELI5: the only things we actually know are from our
             | conscious experience. Everything else we have to logically
             | infer from those conscious experiences. Literally
             | everything is built upon our conscious awareness. We have
             | direct experience of our conscious awareness before we can
             | even do physics to determine the four fundamental forces at
             | all.
             | 
             | To clarify, consciousness isn't just _a_ fundamental aspect
             | of the universe -- for our human minds, it 's _the most_
             | fundamental aspect.
             | 
             | If you want to take this to an extreme:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism
        
               | fatfingerd wrote:
               | You've just demonstrated the anthropic principle.
               | Intelligent contemplation requires a lot of things so we
               | will see them and can see them as fundamental, but they
               | might be obscure in the universe.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle
        
               | some_furry wrote:
               | That's an interesting philosophy, but I don't see how
               | consciousness is implied by the standard model or the
               | current investigations into physics beyond the standard
               | model.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | It isn't. It still has to be integrated with it, that's
               | the whole point. We don't know how gravity is implied by
               | the standard model either, but we still know it's there.
               | 
               | The point is that, at the end of the day, it's still
               | necessarily going to be physics.
        
               | some_furry wrote:
               | I'm not a philosopher. I did study physics in college.
               | 
               | I do not see it necessary for consciousness to be as
               | fundamental as electroweak interactions and so on. In my
               | mind, it's perfectly possible for consciousness to be an
               | emergent property of a complex system that itself is not
               | conscious in any meaningful way.
               | 
               | Look at other examples of this; i.e. tensegrity.
               | 
               | To conclude that consciousness is as fundamental as
               | bosons or gravity needs a _lot_ of evidence.
               | 
               | Since you said so definitively that you believe that
               | conclusion is true, I was hoping you had specific
               | evidence on hand.
        
               | mindok wrote:
               | How can you conceive of bosons or gravity without
               | consciousness? How can you possibly prove objective
               | reality through the filter of subjective consciousness?
        
               | some_furry wrote:
               | It doesn't matter how I conceive of anything. They
               | existed for billions of years before I came around.
               | 
               | Even if, like, I take a solipsistic approach to life,
               | objective reality has a sort of object permanence to it
               | that's more stable than e.g. my dreams. So even if
               | everything is a hallucination, the mechanism for
               | preserving the information is the closest to "real" I can
               | identify.
               | 
               | And from studying the things we call real, we understand
               | physics. And from physics, I see nowhere that
               | necessitates consciousness at a super low level.
               | 
               | Care to cite and explain the specific mechanisms that I'm
               | not aware of that do necessitate it?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Not the parent commenter, but perhaps this helps:
             | 
             | 1. Some people believe that conscious awareness exists on
             | top of physics. I.e., something happens and conscious
             | awareness notes that it happens. Here there is a flow of
             | information going from physics to (our) conscious
             | awareness. But not necessarily in the other direction.
             | 
             | 2. The above (1) is not likely to be the true. We discuss
             | conscious awareness in this physical world. Hence physics
             | "knows" that conscious awareness exists, and thus there is
             | at least also a flow of information in the other direction.
             | 
             | One might go further, and start questioning whether it is
             | physics that does not really exist, and only our conscious
             | awareness exists ...
        
               | some_furry wrote:
               | What about physics implies consciousness?
               | 
               | I've often heard some hand-wavy remarks about quantum
               | physics, but they're largely unconvincing.
               | 
               | For example, a wavefunction will collapse because we use
               | e.g. photons to measure a particle as it enters one of
               | two slits. It's the act of measurement, not the
               | introduction of a conscious mind, that causes the
               | collapse. So that doesn't track.
        
           | yongjik wrote:
           | Fluid mechanics might actually be a good analogy. We know
           | that fluid mechanics happens, and it's entirely made of
           | already known physical interactions, yet the phenomenon is so
           | complicated that it deserves to be its own field of study.
           | 
           | On the other hand, asking something like "Is viscosity a part
           | of the fabric of the universe?" would be meaningless, because
           | viscosity is not a property of any elementary particle or
           | force. The complication arises out of how those groups of
           | particles interact with each other.
           | 
           | At least, with fluid mechanics, there's a good physical
           | abstraction that reduces real world phenomena into partial
           | differential equations which work surprisingly well. When it
           | comes to consciousness, we can't even ask "What's the
           | consciousness per gram of this substance?" and I doubt such a
           | question will become meaningful any time soon.
        
         | bradleyishungry wrote:
         | I think the neuroscientists who question why a first-person-
         | perspective happens in the brain generally assume it comes
         | about from the physical formation of electromagnetic fields.
         | Most don't believe there's some unexplored part of the universe
         | that forms it, just that its something to do with the
         | structure. So its still physics, just not pseudoscience.
         | 
         | I am certainly not well versed on the field though and have
         | only read a paper on the topic, and it could have been bad
         | science, but I did find it informative when I read it.
         | 
         | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.7676...
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | It's a shame to see so many comments engaged in this kind of
         | pseudoscience. There's no evidence that consciousness is
         | anything other than a state arising from the physical processes
         | in our bodies. I'm open minded to hypothesis that are
         | potentially testable, but people keep just repeating the
         | implausible.
         | 
         | I also hate that I keep reading that consciousness, or anything
         | else, is a universe "hack" which is several levels of stupid.
         | From the language level, you cannot apply that word to a non
         | engineered system with no purpose because it implies subverting
         | the purpose.
        
           | BasedAnon wrote:
           | >There's no evidence that consciousness is anything other
           | than a state arising from the physical processes in our
           | bodies
           | 
           | Actually this is backward, "I think therefore I am". There's
           | no reason to believe consciousness is a state arising from a
           | physical process, our experience of consciousness precedes
           | our experience of sensory input and therefore the physical
           | world.
           | 
           | There is more evidence for the reality of consciousness than
           | there is for the physical world, in fact we know for a fact
           | that our understanding of the physical world is aberrational.
           | 
           | edit: evidently alot of empiricists aren't very happy with
           | this comment hahaha
        
             | orwin wrote:
             | No. Or rather what do you mean?
             | 
             | We are able to track down and physically explain (thanks to
             | MRI) the sentation, the objective part of consciousness
             | (Chalmers's 'easy problems of consciousness'). That really
             | exist and we can prove it (or we have an idea about
             | experiments to run to prove it)
             | 
             | I suppose here you're talking about the subjective
             | sentation, the phenomenal experience, the 'hard problem',
             | and you reference the 'cogito' not because you are a
             | dualists, but because you truly think Descartes was right
             | on this point (and this point only, the rest was extremely
             | weak).
             | 
             | I will argue that you're wrong. There is absolutely no
             | evidence to the cogito, at most billions of anecdata from
             | homo sapiens who all have similar brains and reactions!
             | 
             | Some people believe subjective experience do not really
             | exist [0][1]. A simple explanation would be: if we are
             | somehow able to predict, by pure observation of predictable
             | physical reactions, how an organism will act and react,
             | including the fact that he will believe in a subjective
             | experience, then we do not need to think subjective
             | experience really exist. This is merely a tool for our
             | bodies to create a sense of self unique through time,
             | created from our own continuous perceptions, to allow our
             | brains to strategize and avoid dangers.
             | 
             | [0]https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-02071-y
             | 
             | [1]https://github.com/keithfrankish/articles/blob/master/Fr
             | anki...
        
             | jemmyw wrote:
             | There are plenty of reasons to believe it's physical. I
             | mean, in some ways I can't believe I'm having to write
             | "there are no ghosts" to a technically minded community.
             | 
             | If consciousness was not physical then where is it? Why
             | would it switch on and off with physical changes to brains?
             | Why would you be able to get altered states of
             | consciousness with chemicals, disease and age? Why would be
             | be able to marry some conscious activity with MRI scans?
             | 
             | There's quite a few bits of evidence to suggest it's
             | physical even if we don't know how it works. There doesn't
             | appear to be any evidence of another... what is a non
             | physical process anyway? Surely there's only two options:
             | the physics we know and the physics we don't know?
        
           | orwin wrote:
           | I think consciousness emerge from physical processes. Imho
           | consciousness is necessary to have a sense of self, and
           | especially of self through time. This imply any living being
           | capable of improvising new strategies (not randomly through
           | chance and genetic lottery) is 'conscious' in the same sense
           | that we are.
        
           | kklisura wrote:
           | > It's a shame to see so many comments engaged in this kind
           | of pseudoscience.
           | 
           | You have Roger Penrose [1] interested in link to say between
           | consciousness and physics [2]. Would you consider that to be
           | pseudoscience?
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose
           | 
           | [2] https://nautil.us/roger-penrose-on-why-consciousness-
           | does-no...
        
             | jemmyw wrote:
             | I have watched and read his opinions and yes, he has, in my
             | opinion, veered into pseudoscience. It's not exactly
             | without precedence for an established and respected
             | scientist to go all philosophical with age.
             | 
             | I would put his current position somewhere like "I really
             | want free will to be true therefore..." rather than an
             | observational approach.
        
             | VirusNewbie wrote:
             | Penrose, like it or not, has developed a fairly rigorous,
             | if not flawed hypothesis that is quite a stark contrast
             | between many philosophers who espouse such ideas as pan
             | psychism.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | Yes, Roger Penrose, despite his extraordinary career and
             | contributions to science, has more recently been engaging
             | more in this type of pseudoscience.
             | 
             | It can and has happened to other extraordinary minds as
             | well - Linus Pauling, one of the forefathers of quantum
             | chemistry and molecular biology, but also a promoter of
             | vitamin C as a panacea in his later years.
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | I think that there is such a groundswell of articles about
           | 'consciousness', right now, is because of the surge in AI and
           | GPT.
           | 
           | If this is true. >"state arising from the physical processes"
           | 
           | Then nothing prevents silicon from eventually also being
           | 'conscious'.
           | 
           | Carbon or Silicon, they are both a physical processes.
           | Electrical potentials.
           | 
           | So the section of population that just can't abide that AI
           | could be 'conscious' are finding all these more esoteric
           | arguments about the universe being 'consciousness', quantum
           | something or other, etc... To find 'some spark' in the human,
           | some metaphysical argument, to keep us special.
        
             | orwin wrote:
             | Agree. I'll also say it's a lot further away than your
             | comment implies. Once ChatGPT4 can add metonymy by itself
             | in a random discussion, talking about consciousness in
             | silicon can be interesting.
        
             | jemmyw wrote:
             | > Then nothing prevents silicon from eventually also being
             | 'conscious'.
             | 
             | I would agree except "nothing we know" because we still
             | don't know how consciousness works.
        
         | baz00 wrote:
         | It's down at the bottom of the stack.
        
         | cscurmudgeon wrote:
         | I hate that most education systems don't teach that physics has
         | its roots in philosophy and some of the most rigorous recent
         | math stems from philosophy (Godel) leading to vacuous
         | gatekeeping comments like this.
        
           | BasedAnon wrote:
           | I'm well aware the physics is just 'natural philosophy', that
           | doesn't make it anymore reasonable to start using it as the
           | tool for metaphysics. It's a clear category error, like
           | trying to use food chemistry to elucidate cognitive
           | psychology in a literal sense.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Chemistry has its roots in alchemy, but that doesn't mean
           | alchemy deserves to be treated with the same respect and
           | seriousness as chemistry.
           | 
           | Medicine has its roots in witchcraft but that doesn't mean
           | witchcraft deserves to be treated with the same respect and
           | seriousness as medicine.
           | 
           | Astronomy has its roots in astrology, but that doesn't mean
           | astrology deserves to be treated with the same respect and
           | seriousness as astronomy.
           | 
           | Philosophy isn't physics, and philosophy doesn't deserve to
           | be treated like physics. The premise that panpsychism - which
           | is essentially the basis for all animist and shamanic
           | religions (the belief that all things have an innate mind or
           | will) should be treated as a peer to relativity or quantum
           | mechanics is absurd.
           | 
           | I mean, quoting directly from TFA:                   Part of
           | the appeal of panpsychism is that it appears to provide a
           | workaround to the question posed by Chalmers: we no longer
           | have to worry about how inanimate matter forms minds because
           | mindedness was there all along, residing in the fabric of the
           | universe. Chalmers himself has embraced a form of panpsychism
           | and even suggested that individual particles might be somehow
           | aware. He said in a TED Talk that a photon "might have some
           | element of raw, subjective feeling, some primitive precursor
           | to consciousness."
           | 
           | We're to take seriously, as a scientific claim, that
           | individual particles are aware and have feelings. That when a
           | ball rolls downhill, it's because the ball _wants_ to roll
           | downhill. That when it rains, it 's because Mother Earth
           | weeps. It isn't gatekeeping to reject such nonsense, it's
           | simply garbage collection.
        
             | heavenlyblue wrote:
             | Citations needed
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Citations needed for what? The last 5000 years of human
               | history? The individual developmental history of every
               | branch of philosophy and science, their relationships and
               | the iterative models of reality each developed over the
               | centuries? You need citations to prove that witchcraft,
               | astrology and alchemy do not provide valid models of
               | reality?
               | 
               | No, do that yourself, if you're so inclined.
        
           | rvba wrote:
           | I thought physics has its roots in mathmatics, but those
           | religious articles never show any equations.
        
             | BasedAnon wrote:
             | We can construct an analytical language to interrogate
             | these claims, but that wouldn't change the underlying fact
             | that it is not physics or math.
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | Godel was a logician, which is practically mathematics.
           | "Philosophy" includes everything from that to stoned Berkeley
           | undergrads convincing each other that getting stoned must
           | have been what led humans to develop consciousness from other
           | apes
        
           | calibas wrote:
           | It's not just physics, all of modern science is built upon
           | empiricist philosophy.
        
           | orwin wrote:
           | When a philosophy has enough proofs and credibility, it
           | becomes a science. Also, I do not think you can call logician
           | philosophers. Lewis Carroll wouldn't.
           | 
           | Agree that the gatekeeping is a bit much, but doesn't
           | warranted a swipe imho.
        
             | BasedAnon wrote:
             | >When a philosophy has enough proofs and credibility, it
             | becomes a science
             | 
             | I completely disagree with this notion of science. To me
             | science is the practice of analysing findings from
             | controlled experimentation and then deriving predictive,
             | reproducible and falsifiable hypotheses.
        
               | saled wrote:
               | Why do you think that collecting evidence from
               | experiments leads to truth though? What about the process
               | gives you certainty?
               | 
               | What evidence is important to making progress and what
               | evidence is irrelevant?
               | 
               | What does progress in understanding an area look like?
               | Why should we undertake it?
               | 
               | These are questions of philosophy, no experiments can
               | answer them.
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | For anyone interested in learning more about this I would
       | recommend advait vedant.
        
       | nico wrote:
       | > many phenomena that can't be inferred from the goings-on at the
       | microscopic level, it is nonetheless a real, emergent feature of
       | the macroscopic world. He offered the physics of gases as a
       | parallel example. At the micro level, one talks of atoms,
       | molecules and forces; at the macro level, one speaks of pressure,
       | volume and temperature. These are two kinds of explanations,
       | depending on the "level" being studied
       | 
       | Putting aside the issue of consciousness for a moment, this is
       | actually a great insight
       | 
       | I wonder if something like this should be applied in
       | physics/astronomy to solve the whole dark matter issue
       | 
       | At a "micro level", we can talk about planets, stars and gravity,
       | but maybe at a "macro level", those concepts stop being useful to
       | describe the behavior of the universe, and different models might
       | be needed
        
         | mikhailfranco wrote:
         | No, it's not a great insight - unless you have not studied
         | physics before.
         | 
         | It's the standard context for thermodynamics (macro) and
         | statistical mechanics (micro) explanations. Sometimes called
         | _coarse-graining_ and _fine-graining._
         | 
         | For dark matter there are 3 potential levels:
         | 
         | - _micro_ would be be new dark subatomic particles (WIMPs), or
         | sterile right-handed neutrinos in the Standard Model (see
         | Turok);
         | 
         | - _meso_ is macroscopic clumps of those particles (dark stars)
         | /OR/ no micro, but dark conventional matter objects, like naked
         | black holes, neutron stars or brown dwarves (MACHOs), or
         | perhaps just lots of dust;
         | 
         | - _macro_ would be the truly cosmological state of the whole
         | universe (a stat mech theory over the micro /meso). Think dark
         | matter fluids, and phase changes to dark superfluids, that
         | might have MONDian effects on gravity at the galactic level -
         | _and beyond!_
        
           | nico wrote:
           | So according to you, nothing that anyone has discovered
           | before is a great insight?
           | 
           | Now, regarding the dark matter issue, maybe there are more
           | levels that models can be separated in. It seems overly
           | simplistic to separate the whole immensity of the universe in
           | only 3 levels
        
             | mikhailfranco wrote:
             | It was a great insight by Boltzmann, and his intellectual
             | heirs.
             | 
             | But that was _circa_ 1877, around 150 years ago. It is not
             | a great insight today. Please keep up.
        
               | nico wrote:
               | You mean it's not a novel insight to you
               | 
               | It's still a great insight, regardless of who is
               | remembered in history for coming up with it first
        
               | dbsmith83 wrote:
               | It _was_ a great insight, but now it is common knowledge
        
               | mikhailfranco wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | nico wrote:
               | Says the troll that has nothing to add to the
               | conversation except crapping on other people's ideas
               | without actually saying anything insightful at all. Well
               | done
        
               | Kerb_ wrote:
               | Not gonna lie, GPT accusations, especially
               | unsubstantiated GPT accusations, should be automatically
               | flagged. There are better ways to disagree with a user,
               | better ways to report GPT written spam comments, and
               | better ways to shut down a conversation that you don't
               | want to have.
        
         | boringuser2 wrote:
         | That's not a novel insight, it's a standard way of
         | interrogating systems at various levels and has been in common
         | intellectual discourse for some time now.
        
           | meristohm wrote:
           | Novel to them, and that's okay; I don't assume anyone knows
           | everything. Your content is helpful in clarifying that this
           | insight has been novel to many others already.
        
             | boringuser2 wrote:
             | That's a bit of a problem when you're presenting yourself
             | as someone who knows anything at all.
        
           | nico wrote:
           | So? What's your point? That it can't be used for anything
           | else because some people, including you, already knew about
           | it, hence it can't be applied in novel ways?
           | 
           | Btw, no one said it was a novel insight
        
             | boringuser2 wrote:
             | The problem is that every concept is novel to someone that
             | doesn't know anything.
        
             | mikhailfranco wrote:
             | It's not a great insight for you today, or a recent
             | workshop on consciousness.
             | 
             | It is ~150 years old and it's a well-known foundation for
             | all current discussion of _emergence_ in general, and
             | consciousness in particular.
        
       | ducharmdev wrote:
       | I was not expecting panpsychism to pop up on HN. Years ago I
       | explored the topic out of curiosity; at first it seems pretty
       | absurd, but you can find some interesting discussions and
       | insights about it. At the very least, it can encourage you to
       | think differently about consciousness, and perhaps even question
       | some of your own assumptions about consciousness.
        
       | swader999 wrote:
       | Donald Hoffman and Tom Campbell are interesting YouTube forays in
       | this area.
        
         | zzzmarcus wrote:
         | and Bernardo Kastrup.
        
         | choxi wrote:
         | I watched Hoffman's Lex Fridman interview, it sounds like his
         | idea is that our perceptions are like a user interface that
         | abstracts reality so we don't perceive reality as it actually
         | is.
         | 
         | Isn't that well accepted already? We know we don't sense
         | everything, and our brains give us a highly compressed version
         | of the senses we do have. But none of that matters when we use
         | tools like cameras or microphones because they're not
         | constrained the way our senses are.
         | 
         | Is there anything more to his idea than that?
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | Yes that's a fair take. He has done a lot of work to show
           | that these perceptions couldn't have evolved to see the truth
           | or see objective reality. He has a lot of rigorous math and
           | simulation data on this angle.
           | 
           | He goes further than this but has less proof so far. Says
           | consciousness is fundamental, not physical reality, not
           | quantum world. Says that these are projections that eminate
           | from something more fundamental.
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | I see little in common between Hoffman's interface theory of
           | consciousness and merely stating that our minds filter out
           | (lossily compress, etc.) information about reality. Hoffman
           | appears to effectively suggest Kantian idealism: by claiming
           | that perceived time-space and phenomena in it are more like
           | icons on a screen, a representation of some abstract network
           | of conscious agents, he takes a stab at the hard problem and
           | turns materialistic understanding of causality ("neurones
           | fire, therefore I think") on its head ("I think, and it
           | manifests itself as neurones firing"). Rather than filtering
           | information about some external reality, minds _are_ reality,
           | whereas perceived time-space is a product of them filtering
           | /compressing information about themselves.
           | 
           | Idealism of this sort is quite different from and has farther
           | reaching implications than sticking to materialistic monism
           | and likening our brains to meaty computers that have to
           | filter out input about supposedly objectively existing space-
           | time that they are a product of.
        
       | randallsquared wrote:
       | This has the feel of Michelson's assertion in the 1890s that all
       | the principles had been discovered. LLMs and AGI seem poised to
       | give us a huge and expanding space in which to discover how
       | consciousness works, and predeclaring that _nothing_ will be
       | found seems like a voluntary mistake.
        
         | MaxBarraclough wrote:
         | > LLMs and AGI seem poised to give us a huge and expanding
         | space in which to discover how consciousness works
         | 
         | How?
         | 
         | My own intuition is that LLMs will contribute precisely nothing
         | to the philosophy of consciousness. Philosophers have been
         | considering the consequences of intelligent machines for some
         | time.
        
           | randallsquared wrote:
           | Philosophers have largely only been able to run thought
           | experiments. While those can help clarify what we know, any
           | apparently new knowledge generated thereby has to be
           | confirmed by physical experiment. Physical experiments on
           | human consciousness can only be done in very limited ways
           | without ethical issues -- we don't have the technology to
           | press the pause or undo buttons for human brains, and we
           | don't have direct access to the full state of the brain.
           | Assuming we develop (apparently) conscious minds on our
           | current trajectory, there will be opportunities to run
           | experiments in parallel, have real controls, and AGI
           | researchers will, hypothetically, be able to self-introspect
           | all the way down to the most basic level.
           | 
           | You may object that there's no way to _really_ know that
           | another mind is conscious, and that no volume of physical
           | evidence will prove it, and that will continue to be true
           | even as we learn how it all works, in the same way that
           | solipsism is both fully irrefutable and essentially ignored
           | by anyone who wants to know more about how the world works.
        
             | notamy wrote:
             | > Assuming we develop (apparently) conscious minds on our
             | current trajectory, there will be opportunities to run
             | experiments in parallel, have real controls, and AGI
             | researchers will, hypothetically, be able to self-
             | introspect all the way down to the most basic level.
             | 
             | If a hypothetical AGI is truly believed to be conscious,
             | how could it ever possibly be ethical to experiment on such
             | a thing?
        
               | randallsquared wrote:
               | Consent plus the ability to reset make it at least
               | possible to respect ethics in such experiments, unlike
               | with biological organisms.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Exactly. Consciousness is about _qualia_ -- the color of red,
           | the texture of sand, and so forth. It 's _awareness_.
           | 
           | There's nothing we know now that suggests consciousness has
           | anything whatsoever to do with intelligence.
           | 
           | We are _aware_ (or conscious) of our intelligent trains of
           | thought (at least up to a certain point), in the same way we
           | 're aware of a pain in our knee. We are conscious of watching
           | ourselves weigh the pros and cons of a decision we have to
           | make. But there's nothing whatsoever to suggest that
           | consciousness plays a role in intelligent thought itself, at
           | least not yet.
           | 
           | We know that we ourselves are both conscious and intelligent,
           | but it's entirely possible that's a total coincidence.
        
       | jasfi wrote:
       | I suspect so. But we need a way to find out what it's made of and
       | measure it. It seems to be very elusive in that regard.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | The purpose of Goff's choice for the title of his book _Galileo
         | 's Error_ is explained in the introduction: that Galileo
         | limited science to only things that are quantifiable, and
         | completely ignores qualitative factors. Note the common
         | etymology with the word _qualia_. Some way to expose evidence
         | of consciousness to external observers may be necessary or it
         | may be impossible given the apparati that science currently
         | provides.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | It is quite clear, from his own work, that Goff is just
           | casting around to find something about science and the
           | scientific method which might account for a belief (that
           | consciousness is not a physical phenomenon) that he has come
           | to by other means. This view is intrinsic to a doctrine of
           | "Russellian Monism" which asserts that the physical sciences
           | can only talk of the relationship between entities, and not
           | their intrinsic natures.
           | 
           | How Goff hopes to discover anything substantive about
           | supposed intrinsic natures that do not reveal themselves by
           | participating in relations, or how they can account for
           | consciousness apparently being causal in the physical world,
           | has not been revealed to us by him, or anyone else.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | Maybe some things are just inmensurable
         | 
         | Consciousness is not even well defined, in that sense it is
         | ineffable
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | Individual consciousness: self aware, memory, can make
           | choices and remember.
        
       | emmender1 wrote:
       | suprised that cs peirce is not brought into this debate. he
       | provided a coherent (almost scientific) theory of consciousness -
       | sadly, he remains a forgotten philosopher due to his fragmentary
       | writings.
        
       | DFHippie wrote:
       | "Asserting that consciousness is fundamental and ubiquitous does
       | nothing to shed light on the way an experience of blueness is the
       | way it is, and not some other way. Nor does it explain anything
       | about the possible functions of consciousness, nor why
       | consciousness is lost in states such as dreamless sleep, general
       | anaesthesia, and coma." -- Anil Seth, from the article
       | 
       | This bit -- "nor why consciousness is lost in states such as
       | dreamless sleep, general anaesthesia, and coma" -- begs the
       | question. We don't actually know that consciousness is lost in
       | these states, just that people report no memory of consciousness
       | when emerging from these states. This is a fact about memory, not
       | consciousness.
       | 
       | And this comes back to the basic problem of consciousness: we
       | have no test of it other than personal report. If you assume that
       | anything that does not tell you it is conscious is not conscious,
       | then you're left with consciousness being an emergent property.
       | Somehow Bob was without consciousness and now he has it again!
       | What changed? But you don't actually have proof of this, it's
       | just an assumption. And a reason to be suspicious of it is that
       | it is a flattering and convenient assumption. It means many
       | things and beings have no moral valence. You can leave them out
       | of your ethics. Arguably it isn't consciousness but suffering or
       | pleasure that is relevant here, but consciousness is a necessary
       | ingredient. "That lobster looks like it suffers when it is
       | plunged into boiling water, but it isn't conscious, just a
       | zombie. I can do what I want with it."
       | 
       | It seems to me the Occam's razor solution is not that
       | consciousness is an emergent behavior. The modeling of the world
       | in neurons is a physical thing that we can measure, and replicate
       | in software. But with this we haven't gotten any closer to
       | explaining why sensation is associated with some such models and
       | not others, that there are two states: consciousness and
       | unconsciousness. The added bit that Occam's razor trims away is
       | the assertion that there are two states, not just the one
       | observed state: consciousness. Panpsychism -- or cosmopsychism or
       | whatever -- is the Occam's razor solution.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | > Panpsychism -- or cosmopsychism or whatever -- is the Occam's
         | razor solution.
         | 
         | Occam's razor (the choice of the most parsimonious explanation)
         | does not apply until you have candidate explanations, and at
         | this point we don't have any. Simply supposing that
         | consciousness is fundamental in some way is no more of an
         | explanation than, say, simply supposing it to be an emergent
         | phenomenon in certain complex physical systems.
        
         | wafer_thin wrote:
         | very astute and interesting point about memory. It occurs that
         | memory is a fundamental component of the consciousness we all
         | know and love. There would be no ability to even register
         | "blue" without memory, there would just be moments in time
         | where there was stimulus, each packet of info having no bearing
         | on the last, and thus completely new and novel
        
       | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
       | My running conspiracy theory is that qualia is actually some kind
       | of jailbreak on physical reality. Enough of the systems I've seen
       | in real life are leaky at their edge cases that I wouldn't be
       | totally surprised if even the ones I consider most fundamental
       | are too.
        
         | lagrange77 wrote:
         | Leaky in what sense? Got an example?
        
         | passion__desire wrote:
         | I remember one philosopher giving an analogy
         | 
         | "If material world is like 3 points of a triangle then
         | consciousness can be as inscribed circle"
        
         | boringuser2 wrote:
         | This is called metaphysics and generally isn't substantive by
         | definition.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | If consciousness is "the state of being awake and aware of one's
       | surroundings" then it depends on dualism, ie, this and that.
       | 
       | Is the fabric of the universe dual or non-dual? If it is non-dual
       | it can have no consciousness. Because the universe would be able
       | to see a "non-universe".
       | 
       | IMHO, consciousness arises out of the universe via the creation
       | of duality by the human mind.
       | 
       | The fabric is unknowable and that frustrates scientists so they
       | make up theories like panpsychism. But is it really just the same
       | sort of anthropomorphic delusions that they have always suffered
       | from. "If I am aware, then so the universe." Guess what, we are
       | not Gods, we are humans.
       | 
       | Adding that consciousness is just when my brain compares a new
       | sense object with an already brain encoded sense object (memory).
        
         | nico wrote:
         | Unfortunately we will never truly know, as the only way we can
         | experience the universe is through our consciousness, in that
         | sense, from a human perception perspective, the universe and
         | our consciousness are inextricably intertwined and any theory
         | or explanation we try to come up with is just our own
         | subjective observations
        
           | mikhailfranco wrote:
           | No, there is another way (perhaps the only way) to find some
           | objective knowledge - by the interaction of many
           | consciousnesses. This is the scientific method.
           | 
           | Comparison of experiences, with agreement, or refutation, can
           | produce more reliable knowledge than any individual. See
           | Popper, Lakatos, _et_ many _al_ that you seem unaware of.
        
             | nico wrote:
             | Which you will never be able to prove because we can never
             | experience anything outside of our consciousness
             | 
             | You can speculate all you want and create as many models as
             | you please, yet you can never know what reality is to
             | anyone else but yourself, nor what reality is outside of
             | your own consciousness
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | Exactly. I do not know why this is so hard to understand.
               | If conciseness was everywhere I would be able to know
               | what someone else's reality is. Since I cannot, there is
               | something separating my consciousness from someone
               | else's.
               | 
               | We create consciousness.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | We do not experience the universe through our consciousness.
           | We cannot comprehend the universe through consciousness.
           | Consciousness is a subset of the universe.
        
             | nico wrote:
             | What I meant is that whatever we experience of the universe
             | (thinking in dualistic terms as us being a separate thing
             | from "the rest of the universe"), then that experience is
             | happening through, or in, our consciousness
             | 
             | And sure, we are technically not separate from the
             | universe, we are very much immersed in, and inseparable
             | from it
        
               | mikhailfranco wrote:
               | Are you really Philosophy TrollGPT?
               | 
               | That is certainly how your utterances appear. All
               | language games, as Wittgenstein might have said.
               | 
               | No more discussion with you, just downvotes, troll.
        
               | nico wrote:
               | If you are not open to discussing any ideas except
               | asserting your opposing view of mine, then who's the
               | troll?
               | 
               | What you are doing is the very behavior that makes HN a
               | toxic place and why so many end up avoiding discussion
               | 
               | You can't control your emotions regarding an online
               | conversation so you lash out and have a meltdown like a
               | toddler, blindly downvoting someone that won't agree with
               | you
        
               | Kerb_ wrote:
               | Saying it again because I'm seeing it again. GPT
               | accusations, especially unsubstantiated GPT accusations,
               | should be automatically flagged. There are better ways to
               | disagree with a user, better ways to report GPT written
               | spam comments, and better ways to shut down a
               | conversation that you don't want to have. And, on a
               | personal level, it really makes it seem like you don't
               | know what you're talking about when you resort to this
               | type of comment, even if your previous statements held
               | some weight.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Say you have photographic memory, you take a big heavy book and
       | read its contents end to end, converting written thought into
       | conscious thought. How is this reaction balanced, if at all? Do
       | thoughts have a mass? Are they able to be expanded infinitely
       | without constraint? Are they even bound by laws like conservation
       | of energy?
        
         | mainpassathome wrote:
         | what if i digitize said book, and write it to a solid state
         | drive? somehow, it doesn't get heavier. Must be a higher power.
        
       | wrftaylor wrote:
       | Unfalsifiable speculation has no place in a publication calling
       | itself "Scientific".
        
         | dbsmith83 wrote:
         | Indeed, this stinks of woo-woo
        
       | nico wrote:
       | > Since Galileo's time the physical sciences have leaped forward,
       | explaining the workings of the tiniest quarks to the largest
       | galaxy clusters. But explaining things that reside "only in
       | consciousness"
       | 
       | Everything we know about anything is mediated through our
       | subjective understanding and perception. Be it mathematical
       | formulas that describe the universe or feelings about something.
       | If you remove people, we don't know what there is, because we
       | have no way of knowing
       | 
       | Sure you can remove some people and have others observe, but that
       | is still mediated by people
       | 
       | We can never truly know anything that we don't perceive ourselves
       | - so it is just impossible to know anything about a universe that
       | doesn't include our perception of it
        
         | bashinator wrote:
         | > impossible to know anything about a universe that doesn't
         | include our perception of it
         | 
         | The optimistic take for me is that this is a fundamental
         | feature of the Universe.
        
           | karmakaze wrote:
           | Sounds true but is it? We can't perceive neutrinos.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | > it is just impossible to know anything about a universe that
         | doesn't include our perception of it
         | 
         | Is this true? What about logical deductions? Can't you use math
         | and logic to know things without perceiving them?
        
           | nico wrote:
           | To me, the quote and your questions seem like different
           | concepts
           | 
           | Regarding your questions:
           | 
           | There is a difference between intellectual knowledge and
           | experience
           | 
           | Sometimes the concept of gnosis is used to differentiate them
           | 
           | So for example, you can read a book about riding a bike,
           | maybe the book is very detailed and tells you everything
           | there is to "know" about riding a bike, but unless you
           | actually ride a bike, you can never "truly know" (experience)
           | what riding a bike is
           | 
           | Now regarding our perception and the universe:
           | 
           | We live in the universe, we are part of it, we can't ever
           | separate ourselves from it
           | 
           | Then how would we ever be able to remove our perception from
           | it? It's impossible to truly know
           | 
           | Of course we can speculate and we can come up with endless
           | ideas, but we can never truly know anything that we don't
           | experience
           | 
           | In that sense, even our ideas are mediated through our inner
           | perception of them
           | 
           | And of course this is my own subjective perception of my
           | reality, as it is all I have
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | > So for example, you can read a book about riding a bike,
             | maybe the book is very detailed and tells you everything
             | there is to "know" about riding a bike, but unless you
             | actually ride a bike, you can never "truly know"
             | (experience) what riding a bike is
             | 
             | This is often asserted, but I don't see any reason to
             | believe it is true. Just like we can picture creatures that
             | have never existed, and even draw elaborate images of them,
             | with enough detail and introspection we can picture an
             | experience.
             | 
             | And even if we really couldn't, this would at best be a
             | limitation of our wiring, there would be no reason to think
             | it's a limitation of any conscious being. After all, a
             | computer is perfectly able to simulate itself and to
             | simulate any input it could receive, so it can clearly
             | simulate any possible experience it could have given enough
             | details. By the same token, the fact that we can't control
             | our optic nerves (nor other senses) as precisely is an
             | accident of our genetic makeup, not some fundamental
             | property.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | Hmm I think we've moved the goal post from "know anything"
             | to "truly know" (whatever that means).
        
       | raydiatian wrote:
       | "Since Galileo's time the physical sciences have leaped forward"
       | 
       | Wow, who is letting high school students write for Scientific
       | American these days?
        
       | leshokunin wrote:
       | I went to a talk by John Cleese, of Monty Python. He made a point
       | about a recent thought that he landed through meditation.
       | 
       | He said he believes less and less that consciousness is in the
       | brain. Maybe it's something external, shared, and our brains work
       | more like a camera, and make whatever is out there our own.
       | 
       | It made an impression on me.
        
         | cassianoleal wrote:
         | Many people arrive at the same idea/perception, be it through
         | meditation and/or with the help of psychedelics.
         | 
         | I think it was Terrence McKenna who described the brain as an
         | antenna that tunes in to a certain band of the universal
         | consciousness, and that's what we consider to be the thoughts
         | of an individual.
         | 
         | More or less same idea, slightly different way of phrasing it.
         | 
         | I believe some buddhist practitioners also have a similar way
         | of thinking.
        
           | wafer_thin wrote:
           | I've wondered about this and whether it might someday be
           | testable. One thing I keep coming back to is the brain's
           | apparent search power: you see a 5s video clip and can recall
           | the show. This means your brain can trawl all your memories
           | of all the movies and shows that you've ever seen, without
           | generating a fraction of the heat energy of search done in a
           | computer. It's pretty weird to think our brains can actually
           | do this without help...
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | The most miraculous thing to me is being thrown into the world
         | as an individual, and I think this idea of a tapped
         | consciousness is meant to reconcile with that. There's the
         | perspective also that it's entirely illusory like the self, but
         | that's not satisfying by itself. Life in other things seems
         | abstracted away, like machines running on electricity, but
         | being _me_ , right now, you can't help but ask things like "why
         | am I in this body and _reduced_ to an individual? How is it
         | that I can experience this, and presumably, others can too? ".
         | It's crazy.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | This is an excellent observation
         | 
         | The idea has been somewhat famously illustrated in the concept
         | of the muse, an external entity or influence that is the actual
         | source of the ideas that we then channel into our reality
         | 
         | Similar also to what Michelangelo once said:
         | 
         | > The sculpture is already complete within the marble block,
         | before I start my work. It is already there, I just have to
         | chisel away the superfluous material.
         | 
         | On a similar vein of the "not in the brain" concept, there are
         | many proponents of the "embodied" consciousness, meaning that
         | consciousness is in the whole body, not just our brain/nervous
         | system (this is also very briefly touched upon in one episode
         | of the AppleTV series Extrapolations)
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | I would posit that human consciousness is not limited to the
         | interior of the skull, nor even to an individual's nervous
         | system.
        
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