[HN Gopher] Universities have disinvested from their presses jus...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Universities have disinvested from their presses just as much as
       their libraries
        
       Author : theoldlove
       Score  : 134 points
       Date   : 2023-09-28 16:52 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.publicbooks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.publicbooks.org)
        
       | sheepshear wrote:
       | I don't think it's fair to say they've disinvested from
       | libraries.
       | 
       | Most of the information is digitized, which has better reach.
       | Books that cannot be digitized yet due to copyright are held in
       | storage until they enter public domain, and you can request
       | chapter scans in the meantime or even check out the physical
       | book. Separate special collections are kept for items whose
       | physical existence is significant. Libraries are being repurposed
       | as study spaces, which campuses otherwise tend to lack. Reference
       | librarians are available online with extended hours.
       | 
       | The overall trend seems positive.
       | 
       | Similar arguments about presses. Mixed media is the future. Some
       | schools invest in various learning platforms and knowledge hubs,
       | sometimes collaboratively. A building doesn't facilitate such
       | variety very well.
        
         | tw4l wrote:
         | Former academic librarian and archivist here. It's true that
         | university libraries are changing their shape, as you say. More
         | study space, fewer physical collections and book purchases
         | (and, in some areas, universities moving toward sharing their
         | physical collections in remote offsite storage and only calling
         | back materials when requested), and much more investment in
         | electronic resources like journal and database access.
         | 
         | It's a complicated issue, but in general library budgets have
         | been consistently shrinking for years/decades, even as the
         | subscription costs for journal access from big for-profit like
         | Elsevier skyrockets. It's even gotten to the point where
         | universities with endowments larger than many nations' GDPs are
         | struggling to afford publisher prices (see
         | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/apr/24/harvard-
         | univ...).
         | 
         | Decreasing library budgets plays into this, but at its heart I
         | think that there's a crisis of purpose as well. By not
         | investing in open access publishing infrastructure themselves
         | and not modifying the incentives for faculty review and tenure,
         | universities have put themselves at the mercy of these for-
         | profit publishers and are suffering for it. It's hard to blame
         | faculty who are vying for one of the ever-diminishing tenured
         | spots for publishing their articles in the best journals they
         | can, regardless of whether they'll be behind a paywall,
         | especially when the bar for tenure keeps getting higher and
         | higher.
         | 
         | So we find ourselves in a situation where universities and
         | public funding agencies are paying academics to conduct
         | research and do peer review, then faculty are giving the
         | results to a for-profit publisher, who then sells access to the
         | work right back to them at an astronomical fee.
         | 
         | I'm hopeful if not optimistic that at some point, universities
         | might choose to break out of the cat-and-mouse game they're in
         | by investing in open access publishing and incentivizing their
         | faculty to use it rather than continuing to feed for-profit
         | publishers' wild profits. I've seen some (too limited) action
         | on the first part of that but pretty much none on
         | incentivization part. Certain funding agencies are starting to
         | require open access publication as a condition of some grants,
         | but the change has been slow.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | For open access journals, why don't professional associations
           | (e.g., of history/physics/etc researchers/professors/etc)
           | organize it, and declare that starting 01 Jan 2026, the Open
           | Journal of Nanoscience will be the prestige publication, and
           | Open Nanoscience Letters will be the second rank (or whatever
           | roles are needed). Would anyone in the professional
           | assocation have reason to object? Would support be
           | widespread?
           | 
           | University presses could handle the implementation (I know,
           | more easily said than done, but they have the expertise).
           | Cost reduction would appeal to university administrations.
           | 
           | People do organize themselves and accomplish things, and with
           | (guaranteed?) savings, (no?) opposition, (wide?) support,
           | this one seems like low-hanging fruit - from my very outside
           | perspective.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | > Most of the information is digitized, which has better reach.
         | 
         | Previously, when university libraries had books and paper
         | journals, anyone could read them. Now, members of the general
         | public are not licensed to read electronic content there.
         | 
         | So digitization has reduced the reach of the content, not
         | increased it.
        
           | sheepshear wrote:
           | Many libraries have computers for accessing the catalog,
           | which now includes all the digital media. You make a good
           | argument for why they should if they don't already.
        
         | atrettel wrote:
         | I have spent a lot of time in university libraries and the
         | disinvestment is often difficult to see unless you are doing
         | deep research or in the weeds.
         | 
         | I should note that I am writing this response as somebody who
         | is a professional researcher and scientist, not as an
         | undergraduate student who needs to find a few references for a
         | term paper. My needs are quite different than others and the
         | library needs to cater to a wide range of people at all levels
         | of research.
         | 
         | Many universities are in fact repurposing libraries as "study
         | spaces" or as "learning centers". This often means dedicating
         | more space to meeting rooms and desks, etc. To get that space,
         | libraries either put the books in storage or quite frankly sell
         | the books, especially books that are not checked out that
         | often. Many of the technical books that I own are former
         | library books. Moreover, even well-resourced government labs
         | (like DOE national laboratories) are selling their books. I
         | know because I have bought some (albeit through a third party).
         | Putting books in storage is the better option, because at least
         | the books are available, but it removes the ability to browse
         | the shelf for adjacent books (a highly underrated research
         | method) and often requires preparation to request books and
         | then wait for them to arrive in a reading room. That said, it
         | is far better to put the books in storage.
         | 
         | The availability of reference librarians is often greatly
         | overstated. A library like the Library of Congress still has
         | excellent reference librarians who often can perform apparent
         | miracles to find difficult to locate information, but at
         | university libraries, if I ask for a reference librarian, I
         | often end up with an undergraduate assistant who does not
         | really know much and cannot help you if you have a specific
         | question to ask about locating something in a particular
         | collection or how to use certain equipment like microfilm
         | readers. Perhaps the undergrad can help other undergrads out,
         | but when I was in grad school I never found this practice
         | helpful when I needed specific information that I was already
         | having difficulty finding.
         | 
         | To summarize, this trend may benefit some people, but it comes
         | at the expense of in-depth researchers and their needs.
         | 
         | I will end by quibbling with that notion that "most of the
         | information is digitized". The problem is that the Internet is
         | so large that you can easily spend your whole life without ever
         | realizing how shallow it really is in a single subject. Only
         | once you go deep in that subject do you realize how much is not
         | yet digitized in the first place. Yes, much information is
         | digitized, but based on my experience, it is not "most". Some
         | day that may change, but for the time being, physical libraries
         | still play an important role here.
        
           | sheepshear wrote:
           | With respect, I think I already addressed your quibble. I
           | acknowledged the backlog of materials yet to be digitized and
           | explained how to expedite it on an as-needed basis.
           | 
           | It's no more burdensome than it would be with more library
           | funding. Storage is always necessary because big universities
           | own several times more books than they could ever hope to
           | shelve in their increasingly crowded campuses. Digging deep
           | into a subject's history can require materials that don't
           | exist in sufficient quantities for every interested library
           | to have one, necessitating inter-library loans at a minimum.
           | 
           | FYI Every online library catalog I've seen has a "browse
           | shelf" feature.
           | 
           | And how many times do you need to be shown how to use the
           | microfilm machine?
        
             | jrochkind1 wrote:
             | > FYI Every online library catalog I've seen has a "browse
             | shelf" feature.
             | 
             | As someone who works in the field, I'm not actually sure
             | what you mean, and am curious. can you point me to an
             | example of a "browse shelf feature" in a library catalog
             | you have used and found helpful? I'm just curious to see
             | what you are finding, and liking.
        
               | atrettel wrote:
               | This is a feature of some online catalogs where it lists
               | adjacent books on the shelf. This is usually done by the
               | call number, so it basically just lets you see what the
               | previous and next call numbers are. Given that the call
               | numbers are usually within some sort of classification
               | scheme, this is a quick way to find related material.
               | 
               | For example, consider this book at the University of
               | Maryland's library:
               | 
               | https://umaryland.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1594752
               | 
               | Scroll down to the bottom to see "Browse the Shelf".
               | Notice that the call numbers are sequential.
               | 
               | The Library of Congress has a similar feature even though
               | only librarians are able to access the stacks:
               | 
               | https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/searchBrowse
               | 
               | I don't mean to come off as dismissive of the feature. It
               | is pretty useful! But I also value shelf access and just
               | being able to dig into a book at a moment's notice.
        
             | atrettel wrote:
             | Fair points, I was just trying to give an alternative
             | perspective, especially since my needs are likely different
             | than others on here. I appreciate the feedback.
             | 
             | I tend to agree that storage is not a bad option, but so
             | many libraries just cannot be bothered and would rather
             | discard or sell materials.
             | 
             | Fair point about the "browse shelf" feature of online
             | catalogs, but I was talking about the ability to just open
             | an adjacent book and just browse through the book itself.
             | Instant access in other words. This is much more difficult
             | if requesting things from storage, though the trick is to
             | request several dozen books at once from storage. That is
             | reasonable at some libraries but others will be greatly
             | annoyed if you do that, due to limited shelf space for
             | holds/requests.
             | 
             | You are right that _I_ do not need to be shown how to use a
             | microfilm machine, but often different libraries or
             | archives have different practices and conventions about how
             | to use their machines, especially for the purpose of
             | preserving the microfilm. Being shown how to use it is more
             | about learning their conventions and practices so that you
             | can continue to have access to their collections later, and
             | also to learn any issues with the machines themselves. For
             | example, some institutions like the Smithsonian require you
             | to wear special gloves when handling microfilm and limits
             | where you can save any scans. Other places are completely
             | free-form, but different machines have different quirks or
             | could be down at the moment. Quirks include blurry images,
             | need to wind the reels in a certain way, slow fast-forward
             | (problem for longer reels), missing parts, susceptibility
             | to nearby vibration, etc. If the undergrad helping you
             | doesn 't even know what a microfilm machine is, I doubt
             | they can truly help you figure out how to get this
             | particular machine working right. I ended up figuring this
             | stuff out myself, but I would have preferred some
             | assistance from a professional to be honest.
        
         | ahi wrote:
         | University expenditures on libraries have been stagnant at best
         | for decades. This includes those "various learning platforms
         | and knowledge hubs." The digitization of collections and
         | repurposing of facilities is driven by cost cutting as well as
         | hampered by it. Archival storage is not cheap (the conditions
         | for special collections drive many librarians to drink) and
         | renovating century old stacks into usable people space requires
         | capital expenditures few libraries can scrape together.
         | 
         | At the same time, Elsevier et al take larger and larger bites
         | out of the budget for those digitized collections. The failure
         | to invest in University presses will only exacerbate this in
         | the long term. Attempts to provide an alternative to the for-
         | profit parasites, e.g. open access platforms, wallow in grant
         | funded misery with budgets considered laughable in the private
         | sector.
        
           | sheepshear wrote:
           | Let's take nanohub.org as an example. It's funded by an NSF
           | grant and everyone can access it for free. A university
           | doesn't need to make any expenditures for their students to
           | benefit from it.
           | 
           | Researchers choose to publish in Elsevier's journals, not for
           | lack of a university press.
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | They need to disinvest from new buildings, "lifestyle" dorms,
       | expensive gyms and amenities, and sports programs (except for
       | schools well-regarded for this).
       | 
       | Tuition inflation is absurd. The goal is to grow learners, not
       | set them back.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | > ... and sports programs (except for schools well-regarded for
         | this)
         | 
         | Those shouldn't be called "universities", then.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | A healthy mind in a healthy body. We should all aspire to it.
           | It's a beautiful thing, to have institutions nurture both
           | athletes and scholars.
        
             | whyenot wrote:
             | Maybe it's a "beautiful thing" for some sports, but for
             | contact sports like football, it doesn't lead to a "healthy
             | mind." Instead, it leads to brain damage. CTEs didn't go
             | away just because we stopped talking about them.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Your comment seems sarcastic, but the athletes aren't
             | getting much of the beautiful mind part, few students get
             | the athletic experience, and the institutions are nuturing
             | their TV revenue.
             | 
             | Good intramural sports would serve far more students.
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | I wasn't sarcastic!
               | 
               | point taken though, maybe the choice of sports does not
               | fit the ideal.
        
         | AmericanOP wrote:
         | Parents can't afford to send kids to summer camp so they can
         | save for college which is four years of summer camp.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Georgelemental wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | silenced_trope wrote:
           | Yes, I may be in favor of loan forgiveness if it was for
           | appropriate degrees that the nation actually needs.
        
           | EatingWithForks wrote:
           | I don't know if grievance studies is a cause of tuition
           | bloat. Most of the departments I know to be labeled as
           | grievance studies were founded well before tuition increased,
           | so it makes not much sense to attribute them to increased
           | tuition. The increase in tuition hews much more closely with
           | the decrease in government funding to these institutions,
           | which requires more tuition from students, which means
           | students desires must be catered to... so increased lifestyle
           | luxuries makes sense there...
        
             | Georgelemental wrote:
             | Were they the same size upon founding as they are now? A
             | few activists get their foot in the door, push to hire
             | friendly administrators, who push for more activists, who
             | push for more administrators... Eventually everything is
             | taken over
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | In what world do academics have power over which
               | administrators can be hired? If you really think that
               | some professor in CRT could take over a department, then
               | you just show that you don't have a clue.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | When I went to college in the 90s, the gave us a breakdown
             | of tuition costs. Half the cost was crap the student
             | government wanted.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | That's because tuition was cheap in the 90's.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | It might be naive but I imagine training students to make
             | improvements to weapons systems increases government
             | support of universities and training students to criticize
             | the government decreases it.
        
               | EatingWithForks wrote:
               | Like I said, the founding of such studies predates the
               | increases in tuition. Trying to argue that specific
               | academic studies causes tuition increases by making
               | students mistrustful of government, but only several
               | decades later, needs a lot of evidence for that kind of
               | claim. There are far more direct, closely related
               | situations, like the federal and state governments
               | decreasing funding or the inverted proportion of funds
               | coming from govt/grants vs student-paid tuition via the
               | loan system.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | > _Trying to argue that specific academic studies causes
               | tuition increases by making students mistrustful of
               | government, but only several decades later, needs a lot
               | of evidence for that kind of claim._
               | 
               | Right-leaning politicians are citing "grievance studies"
               | as their reason for not liking universities, so the only
               | stretch in this hypothesis is to think it might have been
               | happening for decades before bubbling to the surface.
               | It's not that it makes students distrustful of the
               | government, it's that it makes politicians ask, "why are
               | we paying them if they're going to make our goals harder
               | to achieve?" I would not be surprised if the protests
               | against the Vietnam war turned the inner view that many
               | held about university faculty, but few expressed it
               | because of the esteem the public held them in at the
               | time.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | This is a totally different claim than what was obviously
               | meant by the first post.
               | 
               | "We are wasting money on these fields" and "these fields
               | piss off reactionaries so they cut our budgets, despite
               | being a tiny portion of the overall budget and not hiring
               | new lines in years" are just totally different.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Whose first post do you mean? My two posts mean the same
               | thing, doing what legislators want would tend to increase
               | funding and doing what they don't like would do the
               | opposite. I guess you could read my first post as being
               | about wasting money if you think criticizing the
               | government is not useful... I guess there are some
               | countries like Singapore out there where that is the
               | case.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Also, the history and English departments don't have big
             | budgets to start with.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | Maybe not the departments directly, but the nonsense they
             | push certainly does. e.g. University of Michigan has 163
             | full time DEI employees.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Like many other things now, from healthcare to midtown
         | Manhattan, it's by the wealthy, for the wealthy, of the
         | wealthy.
         | 
         | The wealthy want beautiful new buildings and a good football
         | team, and a high-touch experience for their kids. They are
         | happy to pay administrators lots of money to deliver on those
         | things.
        
         | Racing0461 wrote:
         | nah, we just need the government to not back student loans and
         | allow it to be discharged in bankruptcy. the system will sort
         | it out from there.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _we just need the government to not back student loans and
           | allow it to be discharged in bankruptcy_
           | 
           | Honestly, start with the latter. See what happens. Maybe
           | include a first-loss provision for schools with an endowment.
        
           | julienb_sea wrote:
           | How is this going to solve anything? Unless the school itself
           | has skin in the loan, currently the only impact of bankruptcy
           | discharge would be on private loan operators (who would
           | probably go under) or on taxpayers who would absorb the loan
           | losses. The schools are getting paid their tuition from the
           | loans immediately, they won't even notice.
        
             | morsch wrote:
             | Presumably the idea is that guaranteed student debt is what
             | enables US tuition levels. The schools will already have
             | been paid, but the next generation of students won't be
             | able to get loans for tens of thousands of dollars -- the
             | lenders will have gone under and nobody else will want to
             | be in that business, so universities will have to lower
             | prices.
             | 
             | I think that's the idea. It sounds rather painful to me?
             | But the status quo is also very weird?
        
             | Racing0461 wrote:
             | > taxpayers who would absorb the loan losses
             | 
             | that's no different than what we have no. we don't need
             | everyone going to college especially to major in history of
             | tampons type degrees.
             | 
             | the end goal is for loan companies to decline people who
             | won't be able to repay their loans given the expected value
             | of their degrees. (Your future earning potential is the
             | collatoral for your loan).
             | 
             | For people that want to "expand their horizons", they can
             | go watch khanacademy on youtube.
        
               | imchillyb wrote:
               | Your mentality is why so much of the world is set back
               | centuries from the USA.
               | 
               | That's the old Brit way of thinking, and we sent that
               | packing over a century ago.
               | 
               | I'd thank you to not return us to the 'good old days.'
        
           | silenced_trope wrote:
           | This is what really gets me about loan forgiveness.
           | 
           | I'd be in favor if it was only for people who pursue certain
           | degrees that we need. But going to party schools? Going for
           | the cliche "underwater basket weaving" degree? The money
           | being funneled into building a new pool and rock climbing
           | wall for one of the dorms?
           | 
           | No, no, and no!
        
         | throwing_away wrote:
         | > The goal is to grow, not set back.
         | 
         | If you're a university, the goal is to fill up your university
         | with satisfied customers and increase revenue.
         | 
         | If you're a student, the goal is to form social networks that
         | you can later use to help in business.
         | 
         | If you're a politician, the goal is to increase college
         | attendance rates.
         | 
         | If you're a hard-line right winger, the goal is actually to set
         | undesirable groups back, but that's a pretty fringe position.
         | 
         | If you just want to learn and grow, you should avoid the
         | university system entirely.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | I don't know why you're being downvoted, every word of your
           | comment is the truth.
           | 
           | The purpose of higher education in the US to create a market
           | for student loan debt and generate revenue for states. The US
           | is a capitalist society, and education is not a right, it's a
           | privilege, and student loan debt is a billion dollar
           | industry. We saw how the states nearly rioted over the
           | possibility of being denied the revenue from student loan
           | interest if it was forgiven. Believing education is about
           | educating people is about as naive as believing hospitals are
           | about healthcare, or houses about shelter. All of it is
           | entirely about profit, debt and tax revenue.
           | 
           | So much of how the US works (or doesn't work) makes perfect
           | sense when you realize this. Education, business, tech,
           | government, the media, pop culture - it's all grift, top to
           | bottom. It's all carnies and frauds and sociopaths working
           | angles and trying to squeeze you just a little harder to wet
           | their lips with one more drop of your lifeblood.
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | _If you 're a hard-line right winger, the goal is actually to
           | set undesirable groups back, but that's a pretty fringe
           | position._
           | 
           | Based in recent history, most recently on spending cuts in
           | the proposed house spending bill, this appears to be well
           | within the mainstream of the Republican party.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | I'm not supporting the GOP, but we are $33T in debt with
             | interest rates rising dramatically. We're probably in a
             | perilous position. We need to cut back and raise taxes.
             | 
             | FWIW, I'm well aware the GOP has also contributed greatly
             | to that debt.
             | 
             | https://www.usdebtclock.org
        
           | vehemenz wrote:
           | It's a shame you didn't learn about the teleological fallacy
           | in your philosophy classes when you attended university.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I went to school to learn what they were teaching in class
           | and I did actually learn it.
        
           | EatingWithForks wrote:
           | > If you just want to learn and grow, you should avoid the
           | university system entirely.
           | 
           | I disagree with this. The university system is really good
           | for exposure, assuming that people who are attending the
           | system actually take advantage of the exposure. e.g. I was
           | able to take dedicated lessons in multiple languages,
           | artistic mediums, theories in various fields, by experts in
           | each field. Many of these experts were presenting their work
           | for free outside of lessons, and often times provided free
           | food and drink to boot! Also, because my institution was
           | larger, we often had scholars travel here to present their
           | various works and even little get-togethers where multiple
           | scholars from multiple fields collaborated and presented
           | work. For free! With free food and drink!
           | 
           | I can't get a single dedicated language instructor for my
           | life nowadays, it's bullshit apps or stuff oriented towards
           | children only. Same if I wanted to learn the basics of, say,
           | a performance art, or painting. The best system I have
           | nowadays for learning is mostly hacker spaces and maker
           | spaces, but they're specialized in what they can teach me and
           | don't often have the kind of dedicated experts "office hours"
           | or anything like that.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | You may find it worthwhile to reach out to local community
             | colleges, because once you're "in the group" you can find
             | people doing various things, and they're often not
             | advertising, but will be willing to take a bit of cash on
             | the side.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | I'm sorry for derailing this thread, but am curious. Have
               | any of you used services (e.g. classes, study groups) at
               | the local community college? How does it work out when
               | you're a decade beyond your graduate program? I miss a
               | lot of aspects of the university system but have a full-
               | time job and a life now (sadly.) I've been thinking of
               | taking classes and networking at some of our really well-
               | rated community colleges but I'm not sure what the
               | experience is like.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | I'm sure it heavily depends on local circumstances, but
               | for whatever it's worth, I badly fucked up my first
               | attempt at going to four-year right out of high school
               | due to mental health reasons and ended up doing two years
               | at LA City College before going back. It may have been
               | mostly the Biology and Chemistry departments, but the
               | quality of student there was still the highest of any
               | school I've ever taken classes at, and that includes
               | Georgia Tech, which is typically regarded as a top 10
               | engineering school. The reasons were somewhat peculiar
               | and specific, but the fall of the Soviet Union in the
               | late 80s left a whole lot of immigrants from former
               | Soviet Republics fleeing the collapse and most of them
               | ended up in LA. We had a whole lot of former engineers,
               | scientists, and medical doctors who came to the US only
               | to find their foreign credentials were not honored by US
               | institutions and they had to start completely over. They
               | utterly destroyed our curves thanks to all of the
               | knowledge, dedication, and discipline they already had
               | compared to an average 19 year-old.
               | 
               | Heck, even my Bio 101 professor was abnormally brilliant.
               | She'd been a researcher at Harvard Medical School who
               | worked on highly experimental treatments in a ward full
               | of terminal patients and just finally burned out from
               | being around so much death all the time, so there she was
               | in Los Feliz three blocks from Scientology world
               | headquarters teaching at a community college, probably
               | the hardest class I've ever had to take.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | As the other said, it really depends on the college. The
               | one near me is more technical oriented and has a number
               | of programs basically designed to train people for
               | employment at local factories.
               | 
               | If you avoid the standard college classes, you get a
               | pretty wide cross-section of the people in the community.
               | Math 101 is mostly going to be college-age kids.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | It really depends upon the community college and class.
               | 
               | You tend to have some younger screw-up, unmotivated
               | students, especially at entry level classes; some younger
               | students that are there for economic or other reasons;
               | some older students going back to school for life
               | reasons; and then some older students who are
               | intellectually curious and doing it for enrichment.
               | 
               | What the make-up of a class, and the resultant culture
               | is, is a crapshoot. But it can be outstanding.
        
               | EatingWithForks wrote:
               | I do, but I would argue that local community colleges is
               | still most certainly in the "university system", just
               | another tier/flavor of it. I would consider participating
               | in community college activities to be participating in
               | academic institution style activities that also happen at
               | universities.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Yah- I don't think they're disagreeing with you, but just
               | suggesting that CCs and other adult education may be a
               | practical way to scratch the itch that you described.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | > I can't get a single dedicated language instructor for my
             | life nowadays, it's bullshit apps or stuff oriented towards
             | children only. Same if I wanted to learn the basics of,
             | say, a performance art, or painting. The best system I have
             | nowadays for learning is mostly hacker spaces and maker
             | spaces, but they're specialized in what they can teach me
             | and don't often have the kind of dedicated experts "office
             | hours" or anything like that.
             | 
             | Exactly. I'm fairly knowledgeable about my STEM
             | specialization but in university I had access to great
             | language learning and exchange programs, top-notch
             | political science and philosophy departments, architecture
             | departments, etc. I remember bumming around in philosophy
             | seminars not because I was a philosophy student (though I
             | did take some philosophy classes) but because I found it so
             | interesting. As long as I didn't increase the grading
             | burden on any of the grad students/professors, everyone was
             | happy and the quality of instruction I received was
             | fantastic. In the real world the closest I have is books I
             | read or MOOCs where a lot of people are in it to get a
             | certification or a badge of completion rather than just
             | marinate in ideas.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | A press can be one way for a smaller University to have an
       | outsized impact. For example I read books about Spaceflight and
       | the University of Nebraska Press has a great series called
       | "Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Spaceflight" which I have
       | read many of:
       | 
       | https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/series/outward-odyssey-a-p...
       | 
       | If you look here they have many other series on all sorts of
       | topics:
       | 
       | https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/series/
       | 
       | I also often end up read books by other University presses.
        
       | gamepsys wrote:
       | I just went through my bookshelf. While there were many authors
       | that were professors, there were few books published by a
       | university press. Are university presses a professors' first
       | choice when it comes to publishing?
        
         | noelwelsh wrote:
         | Most of my technical books are from a University press. Random
         | examples:
         | 
         | * SICP: MIT Press
         | 
         | * Modern Compiler Implementation in ML: Cambridge University
         | Press
         | 
         | * Creating Symmetry: Princeton University Press (https://press.
         | princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691161730/cr...)
         | 
         | It really depends on the nature of the book. If it's a first-
         | year undergrad text that is likely to be purchased by thousands
         | of students, a publisher like Addison-Wesley will be
         | interested. If it's solidly mass market applied tech, like
         | "Master Javascript in 32 Seconds" or something, someone like
         | O'Reilly or Manning will probably take it. If it's more niche
         | and technical it's likely to be a University press.
         | 
         | University presses do publish some absolute bangers. Creating
         | Symmetry, for example, is an absolutely beautiful book
         | combining maths and art. MIT has a great series on game design.
         | Cambridge is very strong in machine learning and maths.
        
         | IKantRead wrote:
         | Wow, that's interesting because some of my favorite books are
         | from university presses, often smaller ones (but MIT Press,
         | Cambridge and Princeton are pretty well represented).
         | 
         | I do find that my philosophy and critical theory books are the
         | ones that more heavily come from university presses. In general
         | the humanities tend to have stronger presence in the university
         | presses (largely because books, not papers, are the publication
         | format of choice for those areas).
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | Well, if you go to grad school in humanities, or otherwise have
         | more professional academic pursuits, you slowly end up
         | submitting your home bookshelf to a huge takeover of very plain
         | spines with small font.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | The market for university presses is almost entirely other
         | university libraries, potentially other professors, and the
         | exceedingly rare specialist.
         | 
         | But when you need tenure, and you need to get published,
         | they're the 1000x more willing to publish you than one of the
         | major popular presses.
        
           | robotresearcher wrote:
           | Plus textbooks. Some of which sell in volume, like SICP
           | mentioned above.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | They also do academic reviews in ways that popular presses
           | don't. If you are a history professor, a book published by
           | Penguin isn't going to look as good in your tenure packet as
           | a book published by Oxford.
        
         | Telemakhos wrote:
         | It really depends on the field. On my shelf, things are pretty
         | much just Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press,
         | Harvard University Press, Princeton University Press, Routledge
         | or De Gruyters. Oxford is very prestigious in the field of
         | these books, and a professor seeking to publish a book would
         | likely prefer Oxford.
        
           | hotnfresh wrote:
           | Yeah, OUP and Harvard are all over my shelves, among others.
           | 
           | It's a lot easier than many folks suppose to reach the bottom
           | of what the Internet has on a lot of topics--people toss
           | around phrases like "all the world's knowledge" and, oh boy,
           | is that ever not true--and IME the next step is very often a
           | few books from university presses.
        
             | gamepsys wrote:
             | I wish there was a better way to search all of the
             | published books for relevant information.
        
         | allturtles wrote:
         | University presses have less reach than a popular press, but
         | the flip side of that is that they are willing to publish works
         | only of interest to an academic audience. If you want to reach
         | a wide audience, then, no, you don't want to publish in a
         | university press. However if you want to publish a detailed
         | study on a niche subject, no popular press will want to touch
         | that. That's what the university presses are for. e.g., here's
         | a title I came across at Princeton University Press, "A Velvet
         | Empire: French Informal Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century."
         | Just based on the title, there's no way some place like Penguin
         | Random House is going to even look at that manuscript.
         | 
         | The same author may approach different publishers depending on
         | their intended audience. e.g. Daron Acemoglu published
         | "Introduction to Modern Economic Growth" with Princeton but
         | "Why Nations Fail" with Crown (a division of Penguin
         | RandomHouse).
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | The production of scholarship is table stakes for any org
       | claiming to be a university.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | In modern America... `sed 's/production of scholarship is table
         | stakes/production of passably-competitive NCAA football and
         | basketball teams is table stakes/'`
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | It is so strange that donors and alumni can put pressure on
       | schools to fire coaching staff in athletics programs to make
       | schools perform better. Yet when it comes to the administrative
       | bloat and waste alumni don't hold their schools to the same
       | standard. Like academic degradation is something no one cares
       | about.
        
         | godzillabrennus wrote:
         | Athletic programs can make serious money for a school
        
           | manicennui wrote:
           | Why does this matter if most of the money is going to the
           | sports program and tuition remains unaffordable?
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Serious, _directly measurable_ money for the school. If I
           | graduate with a degree and that degree gets me a career that
           | goes exceedingly well and I become a 10 or 100-millionaire,
           | and donate money for a lab to the university, that 's not
           | exactly trackable to that one really good professor.
           | Meanwhile, the coach who won the big game is well known.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | This is so silly. We make our educators beholden to
             | businesspeople who run sporting arenas so we can still
             | charge our kids tens of thousands of dollars to spend 4+
             | years of their life on something that has maybe a 50%
             | chance of paying itself back over time.
             | 
             | Meanwhile other countries just fund public education and
             | subsidize tuition. _shrug_
        
               | Ylpertnodi wrote:
               | Sadly, several persons in non-US countries are rubbing
               | their hands with jealousy, thinking about the US system.
               | To some, it's a thing to be admired.
        
           | UweSchmidt wrote:
           | Automatic comment whenever univerity athletic programs are
           | brought up. "It makes money", with the implication
           | "..therefore it is all good" not even spelled out.
           | 
           | The original intent was to offer a well-rounded education
           | that includes physical activity. Healthy body healthy mind.
           | Nerds who are also in shape. This concept is lost by creating
           | a pro athlete caste within a school, students more respected
           | for their success on the field than in the classroom. Maybe
           | sports is truly subsidizing academics, but then again if 280
           | Million are spent on this
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQIGwxsVv1E, is there enough
           | institutional focus on academics?
           | 
           | Ok correct me if I'm ignorant on this topic but give me more
           | than that oneliner that I've read a couple times before.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | When you're working as a donor, administrative bloat is who
         | you're working with.
         | 
         | But many big donors only care about how the school does
         | athletically. They don't care about the education side - and in
         | fact, if they could figure a way to ditch that "cost center"
         | they would.
        
           | internet101010 wrote:
           | A lot of people misinterpret the term "cost center" mean an
           | area of a business that only spends money (e.g. marketing
           | department) but that isn't what it is at all. Probably
           | because it has the word "cost" in it.
           | 
           | A cost center is simply a vessel through which money moves.
           | Revenue, expenses, inventory, etc. all go through cost
           | centers. Sure, the professors' salaries go through a cost
           | center. So does tuition and royalties from TV networks.
        
             | blindhippo wrote:
             | This is true in an accounting sense, but generally speaking
             | most people are referring to the definition of "cost-
             | center" as a business unit that does not generate revenue
             | directly, in contrast to a "profit-center" which does.
             | 
             | This isn't a misinterpretation, it's just a different
             | definition of the term based on context.
        
             | CSMastermind wrote:
             | Is marketing a good example? I feel like the whole point of
             | marketing is to generate revenue for the business, albeit
             | indirectly.
             | 
             | Maintenance on your building, IT infrastructure, etc. are
             | more of what I think of. The "cost of doing business".
             | 
             | Basically, things you need to have for the business to
             | function but spending more on them won't generate you more
             | revenue, sales, etc.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | > the whole point of marketing is to generate revenue for
               | the business, albeit indirectly
               | 
               | With varying levels of indirection that's true of nearly
               | all things a company does, though. When IT fixes some
               | sale person's laptop that will have a direct positive
               | impact on that person's sales, and thus on revenue.
               | Spending too little on those IT people would have lost
               | you revenue, conversely spending more might lead to more
               | revenue.
               | 
               | In the end it's all a framework any company can apply as
               | they want. You are right that a marketing department is
               | much more likely to be judged by the company's revenue
               | (attributed by department as much as possible), while
               | maintenance or IT support is unlikely to be judged by
               | that criteria. But imho that's mostly because it's really
               | difficult to judge building maintenance by their
               | contribution to revenue, not because it doesn't make
               | sense to do so if you had the data.
        
               | killjoywashere wrote:
               | Profit centers directly produce profit. Cost centers may
               | indirectly produce profit but the administration has a
               | fundamentally different view of the assets. To wit: the
               | leadership of a profit center could molest children and
               | the administration would not notice (this is literally
               | the source of countless headlines), while the leadership
               | of a cost center could get staffing slashed if they use
               | too many post-it notes (this is the source of no
               | headlines ever).
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | Sports are very heavily reported on, for many reasons. In some
         | states, a university football coach is the highest paid public
         | sector employee.
         | 
         | Do we _really_ know what else goes on behind closed doors in
         | terms of donor pressure?
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | If you think it's so easy to measure academic bloat, why not go
         | do it? Someone should start an index of wasteful spending by
         | university or something.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | Give me the access to the books and I'll do it.
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | I applied pressure by refusing to donate, and citing
         | administrative bloat as the reason. I know I'm not alone. I
         | doubt they'll listen because the absence of dollars is hard to
         | quantify.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Pannoniae wrote:
       | Do I understand this correctly? Since universities pay through
       | their nose for journal and publisher subscriptions, they don't
       | have money to actually publish books themselves. Is that right?
        
         | operatingthetan wrote:
         | Seems like universities have enough power that they could
         | jailbreak themselves from this situation, right?
        
           | tw4l wrote:
           | They could! They'd have to also change how faculty review and
           | tenure work, to incentivize faculty to publish in alternative
           | open access journals instead of the top (paywalled) journals
           | in their field. Otherwise, faculty will continue publishing
           | with the for-profit publishers even if there's alternatives
           | available.
        
             | elashri wrote:
             | There are a for proft open access journals. In most open
             | access journals, the payment system is just reversed. The
             | author/s pay a huge amount of money as publication fees
             | (usually a couple of thousands) instead of readers (or
             | their institutions) paying for the article or the journal
             | subscription.
        
               | zx8080 wrote:
               | Why would any researcher want to pay it?
        
               | elashri wrote:
               | Most of the time, it is not even up to the researchers to
               | decide that. Open access is usually a requirement by the
               | funding agencies. For example, in the US all federally
               | funded research will be required to be published on open
               | access journals and will be enforced at the end of
               | 2025[1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-
               | updates/2022/08/25/ostp...
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Heck, even the widely hated publishing companies offer
               | open access. It just costs thousands of dollars for an
               | article and tens of thousands of dollars for a book.
        
           | ahi wrote:
           | It's a massive coordination problem. Few universities have
           | the resources, even if central admin had a clue. Even UC
           | Berkeley's fight with Elsevier was a huge undertaking:
           | https://news.berkeley.edu/2021/03/16/ucs-deal-with-
           | elsevier-...
           | 
           | For most, that means collaborating with others. UC system and
           | B1G academic alliance are making moves, but it's herding
           | cats. Even within universities, it's a nightmare of competing
           | interests. How do you convince your faculty to publish
           | through your own press or consortium instead of the higher
           | impact factor journal owned by Elsevier?
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | This sounds like an incredibly easy problem to solve if
             | some people felt like solving it. I imagine that it's some
             | administrators near the top that would block anyone from
             | saying "let's have no-one publish to Elsevier any more"
             | because John from Elsevier takes them on such lovely days
             | out in bespoke locations, staying in boutique hotels.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | Telling tenured professors where to publish is not going
               | to happen. You might entice them with good contracts, but
               | the revenue from most books and articles is very small.
               | The satisfaction and credibility of an Oxford or MIT
               | Press book is worth more than a few thousand bucks to
               | many people.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | Some people seem to believe that all the world's problems
               | are easily solvable if only someone would yell at a lot
               | of other people.
               | 
               | To bring this back to HN topics, anyone have tips on
               | trying to suss out that trait in hiring managers during
               | interviews?
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I don't know why you mentioned yelling. No one is
               | yelling. Undesirable hiring managers are easy to spot:
               | they have poor reading comprehension.
        
               | andrewxdiamond wrote:
               | > This sounds like an incredibly easy problem to solve if
               | some people felt like solving it
               | 
               | If you ignore the hardest part of the problem; getting
               | everyone to agree and coordinate, then yes it's a simple
               | problem to solve! You can simplify any problem like this,
               | just ignore the hard part!
               | 
               | :D
        
               | deepsun wrote:
               | What if a paper was a collaboration between 3
               | universities across the world?
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | "If you don't let our faculty publish in these journals,
               | their publication stats will suffer (fewer citations,
               | lower impact factor) and that will translate into lower
               | rankings for our university."
               | 
               | Bigwigs at universities care about rankings, even if they
               | are basically garbage.
        
               | harimau777 wrote:
               | Publishing in high impact factor journals is a big deal.
               | At the very least, I think that the powers that be would
               | have to implement guarantees that publishing in a lower
               | impact factor campus publication wouldn't hurt a
               | researcher's chances of receiving tenure.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > At the very least, I think that the powers that be
               | would have to implement guarantees that publishing in a
               | lower impact factor campus publication wouldn't hurt a
               | researcher's chances of receiving tenure.
               | 
               | This honestly sounds like something that should be doable
               | by the university.
        
               | jasonfarnon wrote:
               | Remember that many of the decision-makers are academics
               | with great publishing records. They succeeded at the game
               | and don't want to rules to be changed.
               | 
               | Also, just practically, the journals help a lot in
               | assessing candidates. Even in fields just adjacent to
               | mine, I might trust an endorsement by a good journal over
               | my own judgments. Often I know the work of the editors
               | there and value their judgment. Chasing after highest
               | impact factor journal publications has its problems, but
               | I haven't seen better proposals.
        
             | tiahura wrote:
             | Seems right up the AAU's alley.
        
             | tivert wrote:
             | > It's a massive coordination problem. Few universities
             | have the resources, even if central admin had a clue.
             | 
             | We should all just mercilessly mock Harvard and its ilk,
             | because they have the resources to do pretty much
             | _anything_.
             | 
             | https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-
             | lis...
        
         | ahi wrote:
         | Yes, and it's a death spiral since the university presses
         | could, in theory, provide some competition. Can't/Won't invest
         | in alternatives => lower competition for the parasites =>
         | higher subscription costs => less resources to invest in
         | alternatives.
         | 
         | Academic libraries and publishing are effectively being
         | privatized and will be dominated by ever more rent-seeking. I
         | don't see this getting turned around unless universities
         | dictate to their faculty where they can publish, i.e. stop
         | subsidizing their competition.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | I don't think the major universities - the ones that could
           | have publishing houses that matter - are too broke to be able
           | to keep the publishing house running.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | So wait, if that's true, is the article at hand here
             | mistaken, or in bad faith?
             | 
             | Also, isn't the case that it is mostly the "major"
             | universities that have their own presses in the first
             | place?
        
               | Finnucane wrote:
               | This is the current membership roster of the AUP:
               | 
               | https://aupresses.org/membership/membership-list/
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | Depends on what you call major. But it certainly isn't
               | just Oxford, Harvard, and the like. Pretty much all US
               | "University of X" (where X is a state) have their own
               | presses.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Yeah, and see, I'm not claiming that the University of,
               | say, Wyoming, has the money to keep their own press
               | running. But the Ivy League, Stanford, MIT, and the
               | like... they definitely do.
        
               | hiddencost wrote:
               | They usually cap the number of books they publish a year.
               | Artificial scarcity makes their imprimatur more
               | desirable.
        
         | Finnucane wrote:
         | From a bugeting perspective that is not quite how it works.
         | Journal subscriptions come out of the libraries' budgets. I am
         | a production editor at a uni press, and our budget is a
         | separate item that is not affected directly by the library's
         | problems. But we do have our own budget that we are expected to
         | make. There is some endowment money--we have a fund
         | specifically earmarked to help offset production expenses. We
         | use it to subsidize some titles that we want to be able to
         | offer at something like 'trade' prices but would otherwise be
         | too expensive. Otherwise we are expected to cover our expenses
         | through sales and other income streams like subrights. Heck,
         | the university even expects us to pay for maintenance on our
         | building.
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | I wonder how much this is related to incoming revenue changes
       | from books or publications of their own.
        
       | I_am_uncreative wrote:
       | I'm a PhD Candidate and was very disappointed to find out that my
       | university no longer does printed copies of dissertations. I
       | really wish they did.
        
         | robotresearcher wrote:
         | You can get it printed and bound yourself for your bookshelf,
         | plus one for your mom and one for your advisor if they are
         | interested. At my grad school we had to arrange that ourselves
         | using the prescribed service, and deliver the finished books to
         | the university. I don't recall it being super expensive.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I wonder if we'll live to a time when you have to go to
           | Staples for your diploma...
        
       | cultofmetatron wrote:
       | Libraries need to change. most people go to the library to use
       | the computers. what if we expanded the role of libraries to be
       | places for autodidacts to learn and practice new skills? imagine
       | a library full of maker equipment. 3d printers, sewing supplies,
       | wood/metal working equipment. the modest government investment
       | would be paid back 10 fold in the amount of innovation an
       | individual would be able to accoplish.
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | I think libraries function well in their original purpose. When
         | I visit the library the computers are mostly empty and there
         | are lot of people there - reading and browsing books. I think
         | the death of the book is overhyped by people with a vested
         | interest in technology. (Disclaimer: I have a vested interest
         | in technology)
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | That's already the model for a lot of libraries. They are all
         | "learnings commons" now. Sometimes there are "maker spaces" or
         | whatever attached to it, for tool use. They can be next to each
         | other but don't have to me (who wants to study next to a table
         | saw anyway)
         | 
         | I think libraries are adjusting fine to accommodate these
         | needs. Really, the most important building in any educational
         | institution is still the library, even in 2023. What libraries
         | fail (start failing (?)) at is their archival responsibilities.
         | And apparently, from the article, their publishing
         | responsibilities too.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Finnucane wrote:
         | The problem for academic libraries is they hold a lot of
         | material that is not readily available online. There is some
         | effort being made to fix that, but it takes time, effort, and
         | money to get archival material online (I've worked on a couple
         | of these projects myself).
        
         | jkaptur wrote:
         | My local library is already exactly this. It's great, but they
         | get no credit for it.
        
         | i_am_jl wrote:
         | That's a good description of what my library does these days.
         | Did a big doubletake at the row of printers the first time I
         | saw 'em. They also lease out bigger tools (I borrowed a leaf
         | blower and a string trimmer) and WiFi hotspots. I borrowed an
         | cheap electronic drum kit (which convinced me to buy my own),
         | and I'm on the waitlist for a steel tongue drum.
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | I'm fairly certain that our local library has a 3d printer.
         | They are definitely trying to take on different ways for people
         | to learn and gather information, but wood/metal working
         | equipment seems like it would be a liability nightmare.
        
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