[HN Gopher] What if Planet 9 is a Primordial Black Hole? (2019)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What if Planet 9 is a Primordial Black Hole? (2019)
        
       Author : nequo
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2023-09-28 14:53 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | rishav_sharan wrote:
       | I always had a layman pet theory that Planet 9 is a BH, and not
       | just any BH one but the one who's supernova remains seeded the
       | solar system with heavier elements. Sort of like old grandpa
       | blackhole looking after his/her small kid.
        
         | sojuz151 wrote:
         | But the normal black holes have a mass greater than the sun
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Sorry, but no.
         | 
         | A supernova-born black hole (
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_mass_black_hole ) would
         | be far more massive than the sun - so the entire solar system
         | would obviously revolve around it, not the sun.
         | 
         | Also, the birth of such a black hole _is_ a supernova explosion
         | - which would not leave any solar-system-forming remains
         | kicking around nearby.
        
           | ballenf wrote:
           | Question from ignorance: if the planets are "moons" around
           | the sun and the sun rotates around P9, how would we know?
        
             | codesnik wrote:
             | relative speed against other stars is very much detectable
             | by red and blue shift of light. We would definitely know if
             | sun revolves around something, meanining changes its
             | direction.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | I think we'd see the paralax being all weird as well.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Yes, and I suspect the parallax anomalies would have been
               | noticed a few decades before the redshift / blueshift
               | anomalies:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_parallax_method#His
               | tor...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift#History
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | I read the title as Plan 9 and I think it holds up.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Make it a black hole but very big and the 2001 book gets even
       | spookier
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Planet 9 is Pluto.
        
       | nameless912 wrote:
       | Edit: the original comment I wrote was dumb and needlessly
       | critical of an article I barely skimmed while on an airplane at 1
       | AM. That's my bad.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ryanmcbride wrote:
         | dw bud I didn't read the paper either
        
         | seiferteric wrote:
         | It's not an article, but a scientific paper exploring the idea.
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | It's a research paper, complete with a mathematical analysis.
         | Take a gander. It's not "non-journalism."
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | There is nothing weird about this paper, the math works, and
         | primordial black holes (which is a astronomical term, not just
         | a plain English descriptor) are not the thing you're clearly
         | thinking of given your rant.
         | 
         | Checking to see if outer planetary motion can be explained in
         | terms of PBH and working out the math as part of that is
         | perfectly normal astrophysics, and good science. Read the
         | paper, it's perfectly fine =)
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Launch a probe already! If the anomaly is a planet, ~you've
       | discovered a new planet~ If the anomaly is a black hole, then
       | ~you've discovered a local black hole~ If there is literally
       | nothing there, use the probe for interstellar science.
        
         | andbberger wrote:
         | planet nine is not the eye of the universe
        
         | MaxikCZ wrote:
         | Any singular probe would needed to know where to go searching.
         | Any scanning instruments it could carry we can build and use
         | better at Earth (soon Moon [1], fingers crossed). Your idea
         | would require a swarm, an array, with Earth as a centre piece,
         | effectively forming search beam rotating outwards.
         | 
         | I agree tho, #LaunchTheProbe #NASA
         | 
         | [1] -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope
        
         | chaps wrote:
         | "literally nothing there"
         | 
         | 1. Space is big.
         | 
         | 2. Space is REALLY big!
         | 
         | 3. This thing would be tiny.
         | 
         | 4. This thing would be invisible.
         | 
         | Combine these four together and you'll quickly realize just how
         | difficult even scoping out the probe's requirements and such
         | would be. Would be cool though.
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | You might be interested in Ed Witten's paper about this exact
           | problem:
           | 
           | "Searching for a Black Hole in the Outer Solar System",
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14192
        
             | chaps wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing! Some interesting things --
             | 
             | "And one would like to launch hundreds of spacecraft (at
             | least) in different directions so that some would come
             | within dozens of AU of Planet 9, rather than hundreds of
             | AU."
             | 
             | Their example of a neat-but-good-luck project could
             | actually achieve the goal is [1]. The spec requires ground
             | lasers that's powered by a 1GW nuclear power plant for
             | propulsion. And, "According to The Economist, at least a
             | dozen off-the-shelf technologies will need to improve by
             | orders of magnitude." [2]
             | 
             | [1] https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3 [2] ht
             | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot#Technica.
             | ..
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | I think we would be able to detect it. We can navigate
           | spacecraft with high accuracy.
           | 
           | If you can get a spacecraft somewhere in the vicinity of a
           | black hole of decent mass (like a 10km asteroid equivalent)
           | we could probably detect changes in trajectory of the
           | spacecraft from the gravitational attraction.
           | 
           | Or, here's an idea, blow out a tonne of radar chaff in the
           | vicinity of the black hole and watch for how it disperses via
           | radar.
           | 
           | We could also try detecting Hawking radiation that a BH
           | should generate, though that might be pretty faint (I have
           | not done the math).
        
             | chaps wrote:
             | Friend, let me repeat: Space is BIIIIIIIIIIIIIIG.
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | What if we create a time loop, launch the spacecraft in a
               | random direction, and reset the loop if nothing is found?
        
               | chaps wrote:
               | We might just find it after 390.03 years!
        
         | codesnik wrote:
         | launch where exactly?
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | That's the key, you absolutely need to design a probe where
           | gravity is the guidance system. My take is a primary probe
           | containing hundreds of hyper reflective microprobes, which
           | scatter for billions of miles into space. After a few
           | decades, the primary probe locates where the majority of
           | mircoprobes went, and now you steer the primary probe into
           | Planet 9's gravity well.
        
             | smitty1110 wrote:
             | I think you're underestimating the area you need to search.
             | See the wiki page[1]. There's so much space to look near,
             | you need a much better guess before you can send any
             | probes. A 9k year orbit, that starts at 340 AU, and has a
             | lot of uncertainty in all the parameters, just leaves too
             | much volume to check naively. And that doesn't even get
             | into the fact that there's not enough light out there to
             | feasibly find probes from their reflections.
             | 
             | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | 303uru wrote:
       | It would be cool, it would also be insanely hard to pin down. It
       | would be about the size of a grapefruit but 5-10x the mass of the
       | Earth. And it's way-way-way out there. Oh, and it's basically
       | invisible. But, if we could find it, pin it down, and send out a
       | probe imagine the science we could do!
        
       | ricardo81 wrote:
       | Given that a huge amount of mass in the universe is unaccounted
       | for with current models, the idea of masses unaccounted for like
       | this surely are still reasonable possibilities.
        
         | didgeoridoo wrote:
         | This is called the MaCHO (massive compact halo object)
         | hypothesis, and it's pretty close to dead based on the evidence
         | we've been able to collect.
        
           | empyrrhicist wrote:
           | It wouldn't have to be the main explanation for dark matter
           | though to still be a phenomena. I agree that the evidence is
           | pretty clear that it's not the main driving factor.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Yes, and there are different levels of "close to dead" with
           | this one being in a very much dead one...
           | 
           | But still, every hypothesis for explaining dark matter is
           | close to dead right now. Theoreticians reopening closed cases
           | is a good thing.
        
           | jquery wrote:
           | Only "dead" in the sense it can't explain all the missing
           | matter.
        
             | bashinator wrote:
             | I like Occam's razor as much as anyone, but it really is
             | starting to seem like there might be more than one cause of
             | the phenomenon called dark matter. My understanding is that
             | WIMPs (weakly-interacting massive particles) are in trouble
             | too, as the LHC has failed to produce them in the expected
             | energy regimes.
        
               | chorsestudios wrote:
               | Or perhaps it is more evidence that a variant of MOND
               | theory is responsible for our observations and there is
               | no dark matter.
        
               | slowmovintarget wrote:
               | No current MOND theories account for the state of our
               | observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background, or the
               | ratios of "things" left from nucleogenesis. The biggest
               | gotcha for MOND is there's no way to reverse the
               | direction of gravity, which would be needed to explain
               | large scale structures without dark matter. (With dark
               | matter, you see things moving toward where the matter is.
               | Absent dark matter, you see things moving away from where
               | matter is, because there is only ordinary matter.)
        
               | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
               | MOND theories _are_ dark matter theories. They posit
               | explanations for the observed behaivor, that behavior _is
               | dark matter_.
        
       | pndy wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21078068 - 4 years ago, 346
       | comments
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23993716 - 3 years ago, 119
       | comments
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28167058 - 2 years ago, 153
       | comments
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | And it's still grasping at straws. The idea of a PBH as planet
         | 9 itself is somewhat sound, but this particular paper assumes
         | not just a significant population of MACHO dark matter, but
         | also an additional WIMP-like particle DM that would produce a
         | detectable signal. Is it theoretically possible? Yes. Would it
         | be amazing to find evidence for it? Of course. Is it likely to
         | happen? No. And we probably won't get a conclusive answer to
         | this either way until we can easily send probes outside the
         | solar system or at least have enormous telescopes on the moon's
         | surface. Until then this topic is mostly an easy path to
         | publishing papers to get tenure.
        
           | ToDougie wrote:
           | Question for you -- how do we protect enormous telescopes on
           | the moon's surface?
        
             | andrewflnr wrote:
             | Probably pretty similar to how JWST is protected, which is
             | to say not at all, but with enough redundancy to take a
             | couple hits.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Why do you mess around on the surface of the moon when
               | something free floating can be much larger with light
               | construction?
        
               | huthuthike wrote:
               | You can't just make something free floating bigger and
               | bigger without introducing new issues. In particular, as
               | objects get larger in zero gravity, it becomes harder to
               | dampen oscillations. The lighter the object is the more
               | problematic these oscillations become. You also run into
               | issues with thermal expansion.
        
               | pyinstallwoes wrote:
               | Can you expand the oscillations part? I find that
               | interesting.
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | Basically, things that are bolted tightly onto 73 million
               | million million tonnes of rock tend not to flop around
               | very much. It's a near-perfect "momentum sponge".
               | 
               | Things in virtual freefall that can flex (and everything
               | can) do so in response to forces (e.g. thrusting, but
               | also heat stresses, say), and will continue to do so if
               | they start unless you take care to damp them and dump
               | them into heat. There's nowhere for the vibration to "go"
               | unless you design one in. Sometimes the structure of the
               | craft itself has enough damping for practical purposes,
               | especially when you take care to isolate large vibration
               | sources (the ISS has a Sorbothane damper for the
               | treadmill, for example), but when your big floppy (i.e.
               | light) mirror surface has to stay put on a nanometre
               | scale, it's not so simple.
               | 
               | It's a bit like the difference between a tuning fork
               | glued down flat to a table and one hanging from a string.
        
               | pyinstallwoes wrote:
               | By any chance do you know the history of these solutions
               | and what what went before understanding this or was it
               | already calculated and known far in advance of needing to
               | account for it?
               | 
               | In the sense of building things that last in space.
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | I don't know specifically. I imagine that a lot of the
               | concepts came from naval architecture (sloshing of fuel,
               | water and cargo has sunk many ships through the ages, for
               | example, as well as hull resonances called "springing")
               | then aviation (e.g. "flutter", where the wings oscillate,
               | has destroyed planes) and space and missiles (again with
               | the fuel sloshing, and other modes like pogo oscillation
               | where the vibration feeds back into the engines and self-
               | reinforces). Some concept of it also in civil
               | engineering: the Tacoma Narrows bridge is the canonical
               | example.
               | 
               | Fundamentally they're all somewhat similar in that
               | there's a flexible and/or sloshing thing that doesn't
               | have a huge mass to hand. Spacecraft deployed in space
               | usually have smaller forces on them (no air or water and
               | the engines are stopped) but are also much flimsier due
               | to being ultra-light. Telescopes are even worse as even a
               | tiny vibration can ruin the usefulness of the optical
               | paths.
        
               | chaps wrote:
               | Objects have a resonant frequency and will jiggle in
               | strange ways. The larger the object, the larger the
               | possible jiggles. The larger the jiggles the larger the
               | destruction.
        
               | pyinstallwoes wrote:
               | Are you saying any object in space will naturally be
               | resonating with itself at some frequency or that by
               | proximity and interaction to another object it may cause
               | resonance on another and therefore cause it to jiggle in
               | strange ways.
               | 
               | Thanks!
        
               | chaps wrote:
               | The latter. Basically [1] but not as exaggerated. Think
               | of things like screws shaking loose over time which leads
               | to structural failure. Plus, no easy means to release
               | that energy like you would when you're attached to a
               | planet.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XggxeuFDaDU
        
               | jpollock wrote:
               | Look into "Chaos Theory", "Control Theory" and "Damping".
               | 
               | In particular, consider how you would damp an undesired
               | movement by a satellite. A naive approach would be to
               | apply thrust in the opposite direction. However, the
               | control can't be exact, leading to thrust -> thrust <-
               | over and over, eventually to the measurement limit of the
               | thruster's control.
               | 
               | With a large mass, it's replaced with a spring, and
               | converted to heat.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping
        
               | pyinstallwoes wrote:
               | Hm, sounds like a fun oscillator algorithm to try for a
               | synthesizer!
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | And torsion effects when trying to move structures or
               | reorient the whole structure.
        
             | dividedbyzero wrote:
             | Make it very modular and have little robots scurry over
             | with a replacement module if one gets hit by a
             | micrometeorite or otherwise fails.
        
               | LASR wrote:
               | Do you play Factorio? I'm not sure how much of that is
               | actually feasible.
        
             | caymanjim wrote:
             | Protect them from what? We have enormous telescopes in
             | space already. The moon is safer than where Hubble and JWST
             | are now.
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | Wouldn't the moon's gravity pull in more material,
               | putting a telescope at higher risk?
        
               | DrBazza wrote:
               | Correct. A large hill/small mountain's worth of debris
               | hits the Earth every year. That includes micrometeorites
               | that without an atmosphere, would pepper the Earth's
               | surface.
               | 
               | It's also the reason why any Moon base would be buried
               | under layers of regolith to protect it. Glass domes on
               | the moon are sci-fi fantasy.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | Since the moon is tidally locked, the side facing Earth
               | and its far more massive gravity well would experience
               | vastly less debris. It'd be a boring place to build your
               | glass domed moon base, but I don't think it would be
               | completely infeasible. Especially if it was built in a
               | depression in the landscape, the approach angles would be
               | greatly limited.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The ISS gets hit with micrometeorites pretty regularly,
               | without any regolith to protect it. Micrometeorites make
               | correspondingly micro holes, which in said glass dome are
               | patchable.
               | 
               | A 2mm hole in a Soyuz docked to the station was fixed
               | with a bit of Kapton tape and some epoxy, and was
               | detected by a _very_ small pressure drop in the crew
               | spaces.
               | 
               |  _Larger_ rocks are more of a problem, but quite rare.
               | Your dome is much more likely to get smashed by someone
               | mixing up the pedals in a rover.
               | 
               | https://www.livescience.com/how-many-moon-meteorites
               | 
               | > "if you pick a square kilometer patch of ground, it
               | will be hit by one of those pingpong-sized meteoroids
               | once every thousand years or so"
               | 
               | We've landed in visibly quite smooth areas; for example:
               | https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasa2explore/48299974871
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | That's not really how gravity works. Gravity is time-
               | symmetric, so it doesn't have the kind of "sucking"
               | behaviour that vacuum cleaners or river valleys on Earth
               | have.
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | Gravity doesn't suck, but it does exert a force. It's
               | called a gravity well for a reason :)
               | 
               | Hence my question.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | So....the telescopes aren't at higher risk?
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Depends where you put it. You have to consider the
               | trajectories of the material that could pose a threat.
               | Rule of thumb: if the orbital configuration hasn't
               | changed for a few thousand years, look at the craters.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | It's the state of physics today.
           | 
           | Einstein was able to predict how light was bent around the
           | Sun and Eddington confirmed it right away, it was like Babe
           | Ruth pointing to the stands and hitting a home run.
           | 
           | The lag between a phenomenon being predicted or model sped by
           | theoreticians and actually observed is getting longer and
           | longer in fundamental physics, I mean neutrino oscillations
           | were hypothesized in 1957. The fact that you can't get a
           | Nobel prize posthumously means a theoretician might never get
           | a Nobel in fundamental physics ever again. So they've got to
           | do something speculative like this to have a possibility of a
           | legacy unless you are Ed Witten and can convince people you
           | are a genius without any appeal to experiment whatsoever.
           | 
           | It does point to a programme of observations to try to catch
           | P9 in a gravitational snare and look really hard in that area
           | with all kinds of telescopes and has the double prize of
           | possibly finding non gravitational evidence for DM.
           | 
           | Personally I think interstellar travelers would use FFPs as a
           | resource but the question of how a civilization that lives on
           | an FFP (imagine something like Pluto cut up into small
           | (5000km) ringworlds) finds the next one seems pretty tough to
           | me.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | Except, I've never heard of Ed Witten and I'm pretty sure
             | people had heard of Einstein during his lifetime.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | I didn't recognize the name but figured he was the guy
               | who came up with M-theory, and sure enough, that's him. I
               | believe the point here is achieving a legacy within the
               | academy, not being known in pop culture. I think there's
               | a lot of ambivalence about his influence, but it's
               | definitely been large. His papers revealing how the whole
               | superstring thing can be constructed in a way that
               | doesn't blatantly contradict observed reality diverted at
               | least a generation of theorists into the search for the
               | holy grail of a theory of everything, but because we have
               | no means of experiementally probing anything at the
               | scales involved, it has also turned a generation of
               | physicists into algebraic topologists largely divorced
               | from experimental practice.
               | 
               | You can think of him maybe like the Velvet Underground of
               | physicists. They never achieved much popularity
               | themselves, but virtually every rock band of the past 40
               | years that has gotten popular cites them as an influence,
               | and many artists would rather have that as a legacy than
               | popularity. Similarity, I think a lot of physicists would
               | rather be well known and influential to other physicists
               | rather than becoming the next Michio Kaku or someone else
               | who shows up on television a lot.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | In fundamental physics there are few very hard problems
               | that are unambiguously real problems of which I would
               | name: (1) what is dark matter? (2) what is the mass of
               | the neutrino? (3) why is there so much matter in the
               | universe and not so much antimatter? (4) Quite a few
               | strange things about very high energy cosmic rays
               | (Notably 2 is not "physics beyond the standard model", it
               | is "a missing piece of the standard model")
               | 
               | A lot of other questions might not really be "real" in
               | various senses like: it's interesting to speculate that
               | the interior of a quantum black hole is entirely unlike a
               | classical black hole but you're not going to have anyone
               | take a look and come back and tell us and we can just
               | speculate if something kills you at the apparent horizon
               | or not (so many bad ideas including the idea there is an
               | "information paradox" come out believing the classical
               | picture of the black hole interior which is probably just
               | wrong), the "hierarchy problem" and various allergies to
               | fine tuning are really human preferences or things like
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous_magnetic_dipole_m
               | ome...
               | 
               | where between the experimental errors and the possibility
               | that theorists aren't quite doing the math right and that
               | the answers to 1-4 might account for any difference (I
               | wouldn't be surprised it is if 1-4 _have the same answer_
               | )
               | 
               | The experiments for (1) and (2) are devilishly hard,
               | there are accelerator observations of CP violations that
               | are a line on (3), but the cosmic scale of (3) and (4)
               | imposes its own difficulties.
               | 
               | Really there are a lot of grad students chasing a
               | moderate number of postdocs who hope to get one of very
               | few permanent positions and out of it all there is a tiny
               | amount of glory to be had.
               | 
               | Condensed matter physics lacks the cosmic difficulties
               | but it isn't dramatically better. How superconductivity
               | works in cuprates
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-
               | temperature_superconducti...
               | 
               | is still quite mysterious after 35 years. I would name
               | check Mark Newman as a standout in the "complex systems"
               | area but the real accomplishment he made in my mind
               | wasn't finding an explanation for "universal" power laws
               | in complex systems but instead proving we didn't know
               | what we were doing when we plotted our statistics on log-
               | log paper and drew a line... And he published about that
               | _in a statistics journal_ not a physics journal but it 's
               | OK because the paper is in arXiv anyway.
        
               | codethief wrote:
               | > I didn't recognize the name but figured he was the guy
               | who came up with M-theory
               | 
               | As it so happens, he's also the guy behind this paper:
               | "Searching for a Black Hole in the Outer Solar System",
               | https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14192
               | 
               | :-)
        
               | philipov wrote:
               | Wow, really? You've never heard of Ed Witten?
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | I have never read or heard the name in my 50+ years of
               | life. I haven't googled him, so I still have no idea who
               | he is.
        
               | nyssos wrote:
               | One of the most significant living physicists, and the
               | only one to have won a Fields Medal (arguably the most
               | prestigious award in mathematics). Known for Chern-Simons
               | theory, contributions to AdS/CFT, and of course M-theory,
               | among many other things. Physicists breaking out into
               | mainstream culture for anything other than popsci is not
               | really a thing that happens anymore, but he's extremely
               | well-known among academics.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | Has he predicted anything that has ever been observed?
               | Because in my layperson's eyes that's the difference
               | between math and theoretical physics.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Predicting a truly novel observation is rare, and has
               | always been rare. Mostly what physicists do is clarify
               | our understanding of things we've already observed, and
               | extend techniques to handle cases that are more difficult
               | to calculate than the cases that are presently considered
               | tractable. For every one coulomb's law or socks-cling-to-
               | stuff-after-drying effect there are a million papers
               | about figuring out how to calculate the electrostatic
               | fields of various configurations.
               | 
               | The vast majority of what theoretical physicists do is
               | "just math" except that unlike math, it's aimed at a
               | problem posed by nature rather than a problem imagined up
               | on the basis of what seems most interesting.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | I haven't either.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | And yet we can't escape debating this. Each time this is posted
         | we get sucked in.
        
           | pyinstallwoes wrote:
           | Do thoughts/ideas have inertia?
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | They create reality.
        
               | pyinstallwoes wrote:
               | That contemplation definitely has layers to it.
        
       | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
       | For what it's worth, a primordial black hole Planet 9 is the plot
       | of Stephen Baxter's new book, "Creation Node," which was released
       | about a week ago. (Well, it's the seed of the plot, and then
       | things take a few turns. It's an interesting book!)
       | 
       | As an aside, it takes the first visitors about 30 years to reach
       | it, and they've got better tech than what's available to us
       | today. It's pretty far out.
        
       | wawwow wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | readyplayernull wrote:
       | Shouldn't this imply that many star systems also have small
       | blackholes orbiting them, even in between other planets? Just
       | like we found that there are many other earths. If something is
       | possible it will happen again and again in the vast Universe.
        
         | lyind wrote:
         | Every inhabited system should have a stellar trash can nearby.
         | :D
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | This is a very "dense" paper. So: if dark matter is something
       | that annihilates itself, that's a two-particle interaction, so
       | its macroscopic rate scales as density squared r2. If there's a
       | black hole in the solar system, the dark matter halo immediately
       | surrounding it would be compressed far denser than around a
       | normal object, so it'd have a much brighter annihilation signal.
       | Nothing's known about dark matter annihilation. They speculate,
       | if its cross section is large enough, this annihilation could be
       | observable by gamma-ray telescopes like Fermi or the upcoming
       | CTA. And that would distinguish a black hole from something else.
       | That's all I could understand. It'd be a discovery of a solar
       | system black hole, and new dark matter physics, two-for-one.
       | 
       | I'm curious what math led to that funny exponent in eq.(5): r(r)
       | ~ r^{-9/4}.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | > or the upcoming CTA
         | 
         | I'm guessing this refers to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_Telescope_Array ?
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | Just a thought, if a black hole that close were discovered
         | there would be another space race to get there. It just sounds
         | so cool to the politicians (who've seen the movies) that any
         | scientist would have no problem convincing them to loosen the
         | purse strings.
        
           | cgriswald wrote:
           | For reference, if it exists, it's _closest_ approach to the
           | sun is more than six times farther than Pluto's furthest
           | approach and it took New Horizons nearly a decade of travel
           | time to reach Pluto. A probe would be a decades long project.
           | Sending humans would be effectively impossible.
        
             | pierat wrote:
             | > Sending humans would be effectively impossible.
             | 
             | I can think of PLENTY of billionaires to send :)
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | Do we even have a guess where it is right now? The orbit is
             | huge, so the search area is ginormous, even if we would
             | know approximately where in its orbit it would currently
             | be.
        
             | MaxikCZ wrote:
             | Given such a scientifically interesting object so close to
             | us, I can't imagine any other reality than massive world-
             | scale spending to not just "get there first", but first to
             | perform other low-hanging publicity stuns (think first
             | space walk, first moon landing). The fact you _can't_ even
             | land there is a massive accessibility boost. The thought is
             | so exciting. The understanding of physics would be destined
             | to leapfrog, distinctively changing humanity, and nature.
             | 
             | Can anyone imagine something concrete?
        
               | dpe82 wrote:
               | Related; it's instructive to learn that a significant
               | motivation behind the Apollo program was its national
               | defense implications: https://youtu.be/xZFnTBSRKcg?t=137
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | First man to die by black hole?
        
               | yellowapple wrote:
               | "First human to experience spaghettification firsthand"
               | would be quite the honor, I suppose.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | > I'm curious what math led to that funny exponent in eq.(5):
         | r(r) ~ r^{-9/4}.
         | 
         | Renormalization.
        
       | autokad wrote:
       | planet 9 is Pluto
        
       | naikrovek wrote:
       | aren't papers supposed to advance scientific knowledge?
       | 
       | this seems to be a paper describing something that could be true,
       | probably isn't, and doesn't advance science as a whole at all.
        
         | mxkopy wrote:
         | it's arxiv chill
        
           | nequo wrote:
           | The paper got published in Physical Review Letters in 2020:
           | 
           | https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.
           | ..
           | 
           | It advances scientific knowledge by providing a testable
           | prediction. The prediction can be used to collect data and
           | determine whether there indeed is a black hole orbiting the
           | Sun beyond Neptune.
        
       | bifftastic wrote:
       | It would suck
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | "clever joke" aside: why? Primordial black holes are a rather
         | completely different category from super-massive black holes,
         | with masses theorized as small as a single plank mass. Not a
         | lot of sucking happens when PBH are involved.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | Wouldn't a Planck mass black hole have evaporated
           | immediately?
        
             | aldousd666 wrote:
             | Yes it would have. Planck mass black holes aren't even
             | mentioned in this paper, I'm confused as to where this came
             | from. PBH = 'primordial black hole' meaning formed at the
             | beginning of the universe, not Planck Mass Black Hole,
             | which, you're right, would have evaporated instantly.
        
             | TheRealPomax wrote:
             | Things are weird when dealing with Planck quantities, so
             | "almost certainly", but only almost. The main point was
             | that PBH are generally small and look nothing like what
             | people think of if they've only heard of black holes from
             | popular science and sci-fi.
        
               | short_sells_poo wrote:
               | I suppose given the enormous force gradients around even
               | a basketball sized black hole, it could potentially be
               | turned into one of the most efficient ways to convert
               | matter into energy by building an accretion disk around
               | it?
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | If you get the timing right, you could just shoot those
               | at the enemy near the speed of light, and they would
               | explosively decay right as they arrived. If the mass was
               | low enough, they'd be effectively invisible, wouldn't
               | they? Screw antimatter bombs, these would be pretty
               | horrific. Instead of kilograms' worth of matter-to-energy
               | conversion, you could have hundreds of tons worth. Wonder
               | what that would be in megatonnage?
        
           | horsellama wrote:
           | Fig1 in the paper shows the exact size of the PBH: > FIG. 1.
           | Exact scale (1:1) illustration of a 5M[?] PBH. Note that a
           | 10M[?] PBH is roughly the size of a ten pin bowling ball.
        
         | harha_ wrote:
         | Yes it's a joke, but in fact it would be like winning in
         | lottery, once again, to have a black hole this "close" to
         | earth.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I am convinced it is not a planet.
       | 
       | It is the gravitational drag of a moving solar system moving
       | around in a spiraling milky way galaxy around a theoretical black
       | hole in the center.
        
         | ToDougie wrote:
         | https://binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/ We're in a binary star
         | relationship with
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | "The alternative explanation advanced by the Binary Research
           | Institute is that most of the observable is due to solar
           | system motion, causing a reorientation of the earth relative
           | to the fixed stars as the solar system gradually curves
           | through space (the binary theory or model)."
           | 
           | Glad to know there is a similar theory being proposed.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | I love precession and ancient knowledge, thank you for that
        
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