[HN Gopher] F-35A has flown from a highway for the first time
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       F-35A has flown from a highway for the first time
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 47 points
       Date   : 2023-09-25 19:34 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thedrive.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thedrive.com)
        
       | dgunay wrote:
       | Isn't the F-35 VTOL capable anyway? Wouldn't it already be able
       | to use most "big enough" paved surfaces to land and take off?
        
         | jstarfish wrote:
         | The article is about the F-35A.
         | 
         | > The U.S. Marine Corps has already shown its ability to use
         | its short and vertical takeoff and landing capable F-35Bs in
         | this way, as The War Zone has previously reported.
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | I think that's specific to the Marine version.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wyldberry wrote:
         | There are 3 models that roughly breaks down like so:
         | 
         | A - Standard runway takeoff, carries the second most amount of
         | fuel B - VTOL, carries the least amount of fuel C - Carrier
         | launched, carries the most amount of fuel.
         | 
         | There are tradeoffs each version makes. The F35 is the plane of
         | the future for NATO and other US allies. Having the _A_ variant
         | able to take off and land from a highway allows (theoretically)
         | you to have the less expensive to maintain A variant and deploy
         | it all over your highway areas (Norway) for example.
        
           | HerculePoirot wrote:
           | > Norway
           | 
           | Sweden.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_90
           | 
           | > Like its predecessor, the Bas 90 system was based around
           | defensive force dispersal of aircraft across many
           | krigsflygbaser (wartime air bases) in case of war, as well as
           | dispersion of the air base functions within the individual
           | bases themselves. The air units would have been dispersed so
           | one squadron (8-12 aircraft) would be stationed per
           | krigsflygbas. The system was a protective measure against
           | nuclear weapons and airstrikes, the purpose being to make it
           | complicated for an opponent to destroy the Swedish Air Force
           | on the ground and thus ensure endurance for the air force in
           | a conflict scenario.
        
       | jacobsenscott wrote:
       | Any highway in Colorado would tear the landing gear off in a
       | second.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | I wonder what the engine does to the road during takeoff. How
       | many times can a road be used this way?
        
       | yawnxyz wrote:
       | Can these planes still land in somewhat icy and snowy weather?
       | The article mentioned drag chutes and arrestor hooks, but I'd
       | imagine a foot of snow being a problem...
        
         | verdverm wrote:
         | Can any plane land in a foot of snow?
         | 
         | i.e. Why would there be an expectation that a military plane
         | would be significantly different in this hypothetical?
        
       | thrill wrote:
       | Shrug. F-4s were doing this in the early 80's.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | On a related note, there's a common MYTH that the US highway
       | system was designed to create sections of roadway suitable for
       | emergency airstrip use:
       | 
       | > [...] no law, regulation, policy, or silver [or] red tape
       | requires that one out of five miles of the interstate highway
       | system must be straight.
       | 
       | [0] https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/mayjune-2000/one-
       | mile-...
        
         | Abekkus wrote:
         | OPSEC is a myth, apparently.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | "It's a myth that the US military is creating a specific
           | taskforce to fend off the Gummy Bears of Mars."
           | 
           | "OPSEC, I getcha."
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | That's an overly specific exclusion.
         | 
         | Highway strip is a real thing, but obviously the US doesn't
         | need 20% of all highways to be useful in this way.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_strip
         | 
         | The stretches that qualify are tracked as useful military
         | assets and worst case alternatives by the FAA, but you need to
         | avoid overpasses etc, not just have a long stretches of strait
         | road.
        
       | bradley13 wrote:
       | Military aircraft landing and taking off from roads has happened
       | forever. The F-35 has now done this. Whoopee. Water is wet.
       | 
       | How about fixing that little problem of not being allowed near
       | thunderstorms? Not till 2027 at the earliest? But it can land on
       | flat, straight roads, so that's something. /s
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | They erect a grounded mast to provide lightning protection for
         | each parked plane. (Source: discussed purpose of said mast with
         | ground crew at Nellis last year).
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > For Baana 23, a section of Finland's Regional Road 551 between
       | the towns of Karttula and Tervo in the southern end of the
       | country has been turned into an impromptu air base.
       | 
       | Regional Road 551 shall now be known as the highway to the danger
       | zone.
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | Someone nearby needs to set up a pirate radio station that play
         | Kenny Loggins in a permanent loop.
        
       | tuna74 wrote:
       | I saw a JA 37 (or AJ 37) Viggen land on a road in the late
       | eighties. It was pretty cool for the 8 year old me!
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | > _Just shutting down complex fighter aircraft can increase the
       | chances that they will have serviceability issues starting up
       | again._
       | 
       | Not very encouraging?
        
         | jstarfish wrote:
         | Police leave the car running for the same reason.
        
           | sn_master wrote:
           | I thought that was to keep the electronics powered up. The
           | 12V battery isn't enough to sustain them for too long.
        
             | doubled112 wrote:
             | A combination of both, I'd imagine.
             | 
             | In my experience (with cars, motorcycles and small boats),
             | once a vehicle is started it tends to stay running.
        
               | jstarfish wrote:
               | That's my experience too. Maybe it's a chicken-or-egg
               | problem.
               | 
               | The electronics and lights would certainly drain the
               | battery, but the specific fear was that the car wouldn't
               | _start_ when needed. It was never specified whether that
               | fear was of a dead battery or failed starter, but
               | frequent starts and short trips will deplete the battery
               | in any car...
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I mean it's well known to not turn off an old machine lest the
         | hard-disk not spin up. Same basic idea, no?
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | This has a significant deterrence effect because it means you
       | can't just massively attack all airbases and expect the Air Force
       | to be disabled. Even if you destroy all runways there will still
       | be air units with all manner of destructive weapons in action, at
       | least for a long enough time to massively retaliate in kind.
        
         | rhuru wrote:
         | Isn't this a very common requirement though ? India mostly has
         | Russian planes but most new major Indian highways have several
         | stretched that can be used as runways and Air Force also does
         | test landings from time to time.
        
         | rewmie wrote:
         | > This has a significant deterrence effect because it means you
         | can't just massively attack all airbases and expect the Air
         | Force to be disabled.
         | 
         | I'd be very surprised if being able to land/takeoff from
         | highways wasn't one of the most basic design requirements for a
         | project as massive as the F-35. If highways are already
         | designed to be usable as ad-hoc airfields, it would make no
         | sense at all to design new airplanes to keep them compatible.
        
           | ipnon wrote:
           | Absolutely, that's why STOVL is the defining feature of the
           | F-35B. It's common knowledge where American and allied air
           | bases are, by making them able to base anywhere with modern
           | infrastructure it makes "zerg rushes" untenable. The astute
           | reader will note recent examples of countries with outdated
           | airframes being vulnerable to massive surprise attacks.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Both F-35B and F-35C are the variants that can liftoff from
             | a Carrier (aka: Navy) or WASP-class Assault Ship (aka:
             | Marines) respectively.
             | 
             | F-35A is the one that needs the full runway. This is a big
             | deal, as the F35A has the best performance overall but
             | needs the nicest conditions to launch. If the "hardest to
             | launch" variant can be flown from a highway, then the other
             | two models will do even better.
             | 
             | This is a "steelman argument". We're demonstrating the
             | worst F35 at this job. All other variants will do even
             | better.
        
       | ano-ther wrote:
       | Can anyone explain how this makes a meaningful difference?
       | 
       | In my lay-man's imagination, there will only be a few of these
       | highway airstrips. And they are quite obvious, either from media
       | reports, satellite images or when you drive along them in
       | peacetime.
       | 
       | So the enemy will know and target them like your other airfields.
       | 
       | What am I getting wrong?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Eji1700 wrote:
         | To add to other answers:
         | 
         | The enemy only has so many resources to target your resources.
         | War has been, really for most of history, an economic struggle
         | as much as a tactical one.
         | 
         | If they're planning an attack, they have to decide if the risk
         | is worth the reward. They can't just magically hit all targets
         | (or they can but that's because things go nuclear and hey, none
         | of it really matters).
         | 
         | The more redundancies you have, the more likely you are to stop
         | their attack, or to exhaust their ability to extend themselves.
         | Given the absurd size of most road networks, that's a lot of
         | potential targets to worry about, even if mostly undefended.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | It does not mean it would be meaningful inside the US, but
         | Sweden, now a NATO ally, has had this doctrine and design
         | requirement for a long time. Evidently they think it is useful.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Can anyone explain how this makes a meaningful difference?_
         | 
         | See how Ukraine is using roads to hide its warplanes and site
         | decoys.
        
         | camel_gopher wrote:
         | There's a lot of highway in the US
        
         | Javalicious wrote:
         | I was going to respond to this, only to have found myself at
         | the end of an urban legend (no, there isn't a stipulation in
         | the US to have 1 in every 5 miles straight in the US interstate
         | highway system in order to allow for emergency landing of
         | aircraft: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/landing-of-hope-
         | and-glory/).
         | 
         | I do agree with the other sibling responses, though -- bombs
         | cost money, and there's a lot of roadway that would need to be
         | bombed in order to render entire highway systems unusable. So
         | that's probably where the "win" comes in -- being nimble in
         | takeoff / landing of aircraft locations makes life much more
         | difficult for the enemy.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | This doesn't look like a special part of a highway that's
         | prepared to be an airstrip, but just a stretch of road without
         | any obstacles such as road lighting.
         | 
         | This being Norway, I expect they have quite a bit of that. The
         | country is reasonably large (385,000km2), population density is
         | fairly low (15 persons/km2), so in large parts of the country
         | roads won't be busy and don't need much infrastructure.
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | This is Finland, not Norway, and the landing sites definitely
           | are prepared and marked as such, they are not just random
           | stretches of road.
           | 
           | edit: you can clearly see in satellite images the strip in
           | question here, its significantly wider than the surrounding
           | road and additionally has been recently repaved:
           | https://maps.app.goo.gl/teYJ7wzbTzcfwngB6
        
         | hashmush wrote:
         | Maybe this video about how the Swedish Air Force uses the
         | JAS-39 Gripen helps?
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/eEX8JJ0eXL4 (part of it at around 3m30s)
        
         | whartung wrote:
         | > What am I getting wrong?
         | 
         | That in combat, it's never that simple. It seems like that,
         | seems like the enemy has 100% information, or is 100% capable.
         | And it's not (nor are we).
         | 
         | Everything is muddy, nothing is guaranteed to work, the
         | environment is unforgiving, people react differently under
         | stress. We, they, everyone KNOW this and it still doesn't work.
         | 
         | So, you plan, you test contingencies, develop capability, even
         | if they're never used.
         | 
         | In Germany, they had plans to use shopping centers as ad hoc
         | aircraft bases. Knock large holes into the store front (they
         | tend to not be load bearing), shove out all of the shelves and
         | what not with a bulldozer, clear the parking lots of cars and
         | lights (bulldozers work well for this as well). Boom, instant
         | hangar and tarmac.
         | 
         | But that's just it, just warplans. Think tanks thinking through
         | potential problems and ways to solve them. They also had
         | warplans to blow up dams to wash over a teeming Soviet advance.
         | Seems, in the large, to be a bad idea. But, on the other hand,
         | consider the events and thinking going on when someone chimes
         | in "Hey, maybe we should blow up the dams...".
         | 
         | Combat is very messy. No plan survives first contact. Just ask
         | the Russians.
        
         | thunderbird120 wrote:
         | There are few air bases but many sections of highway which are
         | long and straight enough to take off from. Targeting all of
         | them with expensive precision munitions is totally impractical.
        
           | Telemakhos wrote:
           | How clean does a runway have to be for an F-35 to take-off
           | from it? I remember a lot of internet grief over the idea of
           | shipping American fighters to Ukraine, on the grounds that
           | the F-16 and other American fighters were designed only for
           | pristine runways. Low air intakes of the sort Americans favor
           | would ingest debris that would damage the engines, so runways
           | have to be absolutely clear. The MiG-29, on the other hand,
           | has auxiliary air intakes above the wing for taking off on a
           | poorly maintained airstrip. So, does the F-35 need specially
           | cleaned highways?
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | FOD is something to avoid when operating aircraft,
             | everywhere. Meaning clean is clean enough, and if it isn't
             | an emergency landing strips are prepared (basic
             | maintenance, personal facilities, fuel...)
             | 
             | Regarding Ukraine, if it is internet grief, it is fair to
             | assume it is wrong.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | I thought this was a VTOL aircraft so runway length should
           | not be such an issue.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | The F-35A variant doesn't do VTOL.
        
             | akajla wrote:
             | The article references the F-35A which is the conventional
             | take-off/landing variant whereas the VTOL variant is the
             | F-35B.
        
             | thunderbird120 wrote:
             | The article references the F-35A which is a conventional
             | take off and landing aircraft (CTOL). The F-35B is the
             | short take off and vertical landing (STOVL) variant. The
             | F-35B belongs to the marines is capable of using extremely
             | short and improvised runways and this has been part of its
             | operational concept for quite a while[1]. For an
             | expeditionary force that kind of thing is important.
             | 
             | The F-35A is a bit different in that its a normal air force
             | fighter. This is just proving that if push comes to shove
             | it can be operated out of improvised bases.
             | 
             | [1]https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/f-35b-just-
             | touched-dow...
        
             | eschneider wrote:
             | VTOL takeoff usually reduces payload vs a more normal
             | takeoff.
        
         | janosdebugs wrote:
         | There's a lot more highway than airstrip length. According to
         | Wikipedia[1], Finland has 78,141 kilometres (48,555 mi) of
         | highways. That's a whole lot of runway to destroy.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads_in_Finland
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | It's tricky to put airstrips out of service (for long),
         | especially if the one looking to do the attacking doesn't have
         | the ability to meaningfully contest the airspace there, as
         | would be the case for most if not all adversaries an F35 might
         | have.
        
       | nonethewiser wrote:
       | Why is this so important if it has vertical takeoff?
        
         | giobox wrote:
         | Only the F-35"B" variant has this, if I remember correctly. The
         | F-35A doesn't.
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | A is normal takeoff/landing
           | 
           | B is vertical takeoff/landing
           | 
           | C is carrier takeoff/landing
        
         | Telemakhos wrote:
         | F-35B is the VTOL variant.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | thejteam wrote:
         | The A variant of the F35 doesn't have vertical takeoff.
        
         | nand4011 wrote:
         | In addition to what the others have said, the F-35B is more
         | properly a STOVL aircraft: Short Take Off, Vertical Landing. It
         | can't take off vertically with a useful combat load.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | this version doesn't have vertical take off.
         | 
         | Also, in my understanding, B variant doesn't have vertical take
         | off too, it has short take off and vertical landing. It can do
         | vertical take off, but burns too much fuel that way for any
         | useful mission.
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | Even the F-35B doesn't actually do vertical takeoff in practice
         | (though it's capable of doing so IIRC), it does vertical
         | landing and short take-off. Going straight up uses a LOT of
         | fuel.
        
       | bouncycastle wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
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