[HN Gopher] Copyright liability for generative AI pivots on fair...
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       Copyright liability for generative AI pivots on fair use doctrine
        
       Author : hhs
       Score  : 22 points
       Date   : 2023-09-25 15:57 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.bloomberglaw.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.bloomberglaw.com)
        
       | flangola7 wrote:
       | Existing media paradigms will not be around for very long, for
       | better or worse. Intellectual property exists because high
       | quality film, music, books, and more, require labor and resources
       | to produce. Within a few years quality media of any type will be
       | so plentiful and abundant it be as cheap as dirt.
       | 
       | No one today hires elite guards to protect a 50kg bag of salt...
       | but at one time we did.
        
         | thatoneguy wrote:
         | This is about as believable as a cryptobro saying "fiat
         | currency will not be around for very long, for better or
         | worse".
         | 
         | You can't produce genuinely new things with a human point of
         | view based on lived experience with generative AI and there's
         | no reason to expect that will be happen in the near future.
         | Humans care about human stories and they care most about novel
         | stories, not chewed-over already-told stories.
         | 
         | That said, with any luck we'll just get back to typewriters and
         | film photos and we can shut the internet down for everything
         | but email and Wikipedia. To do otherwise would leave thoughts,
         | hopes and dreams open for consumption by software expressly
         | designed to use them against their creators.
        
       | amanaplanacanal wrote:
       | This whole analysis seems weak. Fair use is a defense once it has
       | been decided that there has been infringement, and it's not
       | obvious that there is infringement.
        
       | tivert wrote:
       | > Importantly, the court focused on the "highly transformative
       | purpose" of Google's use of this material--that Google was
       | transforming many diverse copyright-protected books into a new,
       | useful search mechanism that didn't compete with the underlying
       | works.
       | 
       | It's pretty obvious that generative AI should fail that test;
       | _because the whole point is to compete with the underlying
       | works,_ and the technology is marketed and understood that way.
       | It doesn 't have the same defense as Google Books, because that
       | is so crippled with copyrighted works that it cannot be used as a
       | substitute for the books it's searching.
       | 
       | I mean a lot of people are hyping ChatGPT as a replacement for
       | Wikipedia (which is was obviously trained with), and image
       | generators as replacements for stock imagery (and there are
       | documented cases of those reproducing recognizable watermarks:
       | https://photutorial.com/stable-diffusion-watermarks-investig...).
       | 
       | Also generative AI systems aren't people, so I think it's totally
       | fair to not grant their operators rights by analogy to something
       | a human would do.
        
         | nbened wrote:
         | I think the reproduction of recognized watermarks is hilarious.
         | 
         | I could see some kind of trend emerging as a competition to
         | replace the watermarks as closely as possible to the real thing
         | without it actually being the real thing just for the joke, an
         | argued original work. Kinda like Nathan For You's Dumb
         | Starbucks becoming some viral hit just by changing one word,
         | could see some bored anti-establishment dudes following a
         | similar path.
        
         | Aerroon wrote:
         | But the AI model itself does not compete with those works
         | though. You have to use the AI model _with additional input_
         | and substantial compute resources to potentially generate a
         | work that competes.
         | 
         | You don't read wizardlm.ggml instead of Hobbit.txt.
        
         | brigadier132 wrote:
         | > because the whole point is to compete with the underlying
         | works
         | 
         | I don't see how this is the case and if it hinged on that, how
         | is it different from a book citing another book. That book
         | competes with the book it's citing.
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | >> because the whole point is to compete with the underlying
           | works
           | 
           | > I don't see how this is the case
           | 
           | If it wasn't the case, what's the point of these models
           | getting billions of dollars thrown at them? What's the actual
           | sales pitch for using them in the economy?
           | 
           | > and if it hinged on that, how is it different from a book
           | citing another book. That book competes with the book it's
           | citing.
           | 
           | One of the obvious differences is these models _don 't cite
           | their sources_. Even if you can get them to generate
           | something that _looks like a cite_ , it's not a real cite of
           | the works the model actually used.
        
             | brigadier132 wrote:
             | > If it wasn't the case, what's the point of these models
             | getting billions of dollars thrown at them?
             | 
             | This is a digression. There are use cases other than
             | creating competing books, do I need to actually list them
             | out?
             | 
             | - Turning unstructured text into structured data.
             | 
             | - Summarizing news
             | 
             | - Sentiment analysis
             | 
             | - Semantic search
             | 
             | - Helping people write research papers
             | 
             | and more.
             | 
             | How do any of those compete with fiction or non-fiction
             | books?
             | 
             | > One of the obvious differences is these models don't cite
             | their sources.
             | 
             | Do I need to cite the math textbook that I used to learn
             | algebra when I write a book on calculus?
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | Did you miss the "generative AI" in the headline? All the
               | examples you list are general applications of NLP's, not
               | of generative AI. Your argument would be similar to
               | defending nuclear missiles by listing all the good things
               | that a nuclear power plant can bring.
               | 
               |  _Do I need to cite the math textbook that I used to
               | learn algebra when I write a book on calculus?_
               | 
               | Yes, you do, if you put verbatim snippets of those
               | textbooks in your own work.
        
               | kuchenbecker wrote:
               | My opinion means very little, but AI like to see a
               | solution that preserves generative AI progress while
               | giving incentives to use licensed content.
               | 
               | E.g.
               | 
               | "The burden of proof when republishing the output of AI
               | generated content is on the person publishing the
               | generated content. All unlicensed sources must be cited
               | in a public searchable index."
               | 
               | With this, if you're a company and you accidentally use
               | the output of Generative AI you have liability if the
               | work is infringement.
               | 
               | This gives companies an incentive to have licenses for
               | their content but doesn't strictly prohibit ~linking~
               | sourcing from publically available content.
               | 
               | This will also allow the industry to use publicly
               | viewable content to push the boundaries of generative AI
               | in a research capacity without fear of liability.
               | 
               | A person could tell a sufficiently advanced generative AI
               | trained on licensed data to recreate something under
               | copywrite by just describing it. You would not be able to
               | publish that output.
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | > All the examples you list are general applications of
               | NLP's, not of generative AI.
               | 
               | I think you are being purposefully obtuse.
        
               | tivert wrote:
               | > This is a digression. There are use cases other than
               | creating competing books, do I need to actually list them
               | out?
               | 
               | Are the generative models crippled to only be able to do
               | those things?
               | 
               | And some of the things you list are _also_ likely to be
               | in direct competition with the original works (e.g.
               | "Summarizing news.") I believe "AI" generated news sites
               | are already a thing (e.g. plagiarizing/summarizing
               | original news articles, so another party can generate ad-
               | revenue from them).
               | 
               | > Do I need to cite the math textbook that I used to
               | learn algebra when I write a book on calculus?
               | 
               | No, because I previously said: "...generative AI systems
               | aren't people, so I think it's totally fair to not grant
               | their operators rights by analogy to something a human
               | [mind] would do."
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | > the whole point is to compete with the underlying works
         | 
         | AI doesn't compete just compete with "the underlying works"
         | though; it competes with _all_ works, even works that weren 't
         | in its training set. So the type of "competition" you're
         | describing is incidental, and not connected to the AI's use of
         | any particular copyrighted work it was trained on.
         | 
         | I don't know whether that makes a difference under existing
         | law, but I'd argue that it should.
         | 
         | I'd also argue copyright/fair use shouldn't even come into
         | play, since AI models do not (typically) contain copies of the
         | works they're trained on in the first place (except in cases of
         | over fitting), but that's a completely separate issue.
        
           | sheepshear wrote:
           | This is a weird argument. You can violate someone's copyright
           | as long as you compete with other people too?
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-25 23:02 UTC)