[HN Gopher] The tomato was thought to be poisonous in late-1700s...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The tomato was thought to be poisonous in late-1700s Europe (2013)
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 20 points
       Date   : 2023-09-24 17:26 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | It's obligatory to note this when it comes up: tomatoes are in
       | the nightshade [1] family. The greens and fruits of many
       | nightshades are poisonous.
       | 
       | The obvious kinship is probably best demonstrated visually.
       | 
       | The common tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gc5_tomatoes.jpg
       | 
       | The currant tomato, also edible and close wild relative of the
       | tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium):
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botanisk_tidsskrif...
       | 
       | Belladonna, toxic (Atropa belladonna):
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atropa_belladonna_...
       | 
       | Datura, toxic (Datura stramonium):
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Datura_stramonium_...
       | 
       | Mandrake greens and flowers, toxic (Mandragora autumnalis):
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mandragora_autumna...
       | 
       | Mandrake fruit, toxic:
       | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mandragora_autumna...
       | 
       | I have only a layman's interest in botany so I lack the
       | vocabulary to describe it well. But a tomato plant has the
       | overall structure of a datura plant, bushy, similar stalks,
       | similar pattern. The leaves look a lot like belladonna, datura or
       | mandrake. The flowers look like diminutive mandrake flowers. The
       | fruit looks a lot like mandrake fruit.
       | 
       | If I had never heard of tomatoes, the close family resemblance
       | would make me very reluctant to eat one.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | The snakeberry (also a nightshade) --
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara -- has fruits
         | that look almost identical to a tomato, and while not deadly...
         | incredibly uncomfortable and bitter.
         | 
         | I came across these on a trek in the woods, and thought they
         | were wild tomatoes at first. Fruit looks identical. But of
         | course, I knew never to eat a nightshade. It's not surprising
         | that Europeans thought tomatoes were poisonous. Nightshades are
         | no joke.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | More Nightshades:
         | 
         | Aubergine (or 'Eggplant'), Solanum melongena [1]. It is edible
         | but does contain a relatively high amount of Nicotine just like
         | its relative:
         | 
         | Tobacco (Lat. _Nicotiana_ ) [1] - also a Nightshade and
         | probably the one with the largest body count of them all.
         | 
         | Chili pepper (Lat. _Capsicum_ ) [3] which also belong to the
         | Nightshade family.
         | 
         | Quite a large and useable family even if some of its members
         | are better left alone...
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggplant
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco
         | 
         | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper
        
         | tomohawk wrote:
         | Yes, and while many people can eat them just fine, many others
         | experience health issues when eating tomatoes or other
         | nightshades. The connection between eating the tomatoes and the
         | health issues is not very obvious, and many people suffer for
         | years before figuring it out. A family member had arthritic
         | pain which got quite a bit better when they went gluten free,
         | but it wasn't until they got off of certain plant families that
         | things cleared up.
        
           | genter wrote:
           | Tomatoes and other nightshades have lectins in them, (along
           | with wheat).
        
       | jschveibinz wrote:
       | I love Italian food. But even though the cuisine is known for
       | tomato sauce-based dishes, those recipes didn't really exist
       | until the 17-18th century regionally and 19th century in general.
       | 
       | Pasta was introduced to Italy earlier than tomatoes, but the
       | toppings were pretty strange compared to today's tastes.
       | 
       | https://www.trafalgar.com/real-word/history-pasta/
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | I'm surprised they didn't notice this effect from other acidic
       | foods.
        
         | 6nf wrote:
         | Like what?
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | There's so many. Vinegar, citrus fruits..
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | It had to do with the materials used in the utensils.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _The tomato was feared in Europe for more than 200 years (2013)_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29131410 - Nov 2021 (182
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Tomato Was Feared in Europe for More Than 200 Years_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13052405 - Nov 2016 (8
       | comments)
        
         | zerojames wrote:
         | Thank you for posting the Related sections, Dan!
        
       | mcpackieh wrote:
       | > _Some researchers credit Cortez with bringing the seeds to
       | Europe in 1519 for ornamental purposes._
       | 
       | I really doubt they (particularly the Spaniards) weren't eating
       | tomatoes from the start. The confusion emerged later, the premise
       | of all Europeans thinking that tomatoes were poisonous is wrong;
       | _some_ of them did but others did not.
       | 
       | Related popular food myth: Lobsters being gross. Lobsters were
       | known to be delicious by Mediterranean people since Roman times.
       | The premise of lobsters being disgusting poor people food
       | developed much later, in America, when immigrants from inland
       | regions of Europe encountered lobsters for the first time, had no
       | cultural background with them, and prepared them poorly.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | Tomatoes aren't exactly the nicest looking of plants either.
        
           | mcpackieh wrote:
           | I don't know about that, anything red looks tasty to me. When
           | I was a kid I tried to eat holly berries before they were
           | smacked out of my hand. Of course not all tomatoes are red,
           | but I assume at least some varieties back then were.
        
       | zdragnar wrote:
       | Nightshade plants are funny. Apparently, repeated exposure to
       | poison ivy can make you also react to cashews- my dad had to stop
       | eating them for quite awhile after he'd had a few particularly
       | bad exposures a few years in a row.
       | 
       | Aside from the notable tomato and potato, there's also cashew,
       | eggplant, tobacco, chili and bell peppers, gooseberry, goji and
       | huckleberries, and a few others.
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | Nightshades are members of the Solanaceae family.
         | 
         | Huckleberries are not nightshades. You are confusing the garden
         | huckleberry (solanum nigrum) with the actual huckleberry, which
         | is a member of the Heath family (Ericaceae). Actual
         | huckleberries are incredibly difficult to grow and only grow on
         | mountains. The garden huckleberry is a tomato relative that has
         | similar looking fruits and some say a similar taste and is
         | easier to grow. Hence the name.
         | 
         | Cashews are also not nightshades. Cashews are members of the
         | cashew/mango family. All plants are highly allergenic. Many
         | people have cashew problems, and many many people have
         | reactions to the outer skin of the Mango. Poison Ivy is in the
         | mango/cashew family. They are part of the Anacardiaceae family.
         | 
         | Gooseberries... you are thinking of the cape gooseberry. The
         | cape gooseberry is a nightshade. Real gooseberries are members
         | of the currant family Grossulariaceae. Gooseberries are very
         | distinct from a cape gooseberry. The two plants are actually
         | not very similar looking at all. Cape gooseberries, like many
         | nightshades, grow in a husk (like a tomatillo). Real
         | gooseberries do not.
         | 
         | The rest are indeed nightshades.
         | 
         | Sorry for the pedantry, but these are all very different
         | plants.
        
       | matthewtse wrote:
       | Not just in late-1700s Europe.
       | 
       | I spent years pursuing a cure for chronic illness, and at one
       | point I crossed paths with a homeopath of sorts. Among other
       | things, she gave me a fairly strict diet, and I still remember
       | one sentence: "No tomatoes. They're poisonous nightshades."
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | That's still a thing among the folks who adhere to a paleo
         | diet: no dairy, no nightshades, no grains, no legumes. I
         | believe the theory is that they are all recent additions to the
         | human diet (Neolithic) and therefore more like to cause
         | problems.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-09-24 23:01 UTC)