[HN Gopher] Toyota Research claims breakthrough in teaching robo...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Toyota Research claims breakthrough in teaching robots new
       behaviors
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2023-09-20 16:30 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tri.global)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tri.global)
        
       | BillSaysThis wrote:
       | This seems pretty cool. But I'm not clear how someone can be a
       | (full-time) professor at MIT and also be a (full-time) vice
       | president at TRI. I've seen this kind of two-job situation before
       | but never understood how it's practical, unless the person works
       | 70+ hours a week.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | You probably still 40 hours week or less, but you're so expert
         | in those fields that your 10 hours of work cannot be replaced
         | by somebody else working full time.
         | 
         | In software engineering terms, you would gladly pay a full good
         | salary and give a good role to John Carmack to work on your
         | projects 6/7 days per month anyway, because he's John Carmack.
        
       | colordrops wrote:
       | I'm pretty ignorant of state of the art robotics and had assumed
       | for years that approaches like this were used, e.g. by Boston
       | Dynamics. Surprising to see that it's a new thing.
        
         | jononomo wrote:
         | Has Boston Dynamics ever done anything other than produce a
         | viral video approximately every 5 years? Mr Beast produces a
         | viral video twice a month.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | "Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion" -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37581866
        
       | galaxytachyon wrote:
       | Ok here it is. An LLM with physical senses. They mentioned sense
       | of touch and I think that is a big deal. You can teach me all you
       | want about a new color with all the text description available
       | and it would be worse than just show me that new color.
       | 
       | In the same way, letting an AI actually touch and interact with
       | the world would do wonders in grounding it and making sure it
       | understand concepts beyond just the words or the bytes it was fed
       | during training. GPT4 can already understand images and text, it
       | should not be long until it takes care of videos and we can say
       | AI has vision. This robot from toyota would have touch. We need
       | hearing and smelling and then maybe we will get something
       | resembling a true AGI.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | Why imitate human senses? AI should be able to reach out and
         | touch radio waves, and interpret their meanings, much how we
         | interpret the meaning behind gusts of wind.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | We can do both, but clearly the senses that mammals have are
           | well adapted for existence on Earth.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _reach out and touch radio waves_
           | 
           | At the point we're describing "touching" massless particles,
           | we might as well say that's what our retinas do. In terms of
           | novel senses, some kind of gravitometric sense would be neat.
           | LIGO-on-a-chip and all.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There's no reason to expect that such advances will get us
         | closer to a true AGI. I mean it's not impossible, but there's
         | no coherent theory or technical roadmap. Just a lot of hope and
         | hand waving.
         | 
         | I do think that this is an impressive accomplishment and will
         | lead to valuable commercial products regardless of the AGI
         | issues.
        
           | mxkopy wrote:
           | "True AGI" is often used in a way that means "human-like
           | intelligence, but faster, more consistent and of greater
           | depth". In that case, knowing that embodied agents are the
           | way forward is quite trivial. We've known for a long time
           | that the development of a human brain is a function of its
           | sensory inputs - why would this be any different for an
           | artificial intelligence, especially if designed to
           | mimic/interface with a human one?
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | That's not the right question to ask. You can construct all
             | sorts of hypotheticals or alternative answers but all of
             | that is meaningless until someone actually builds it.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | > true AGI
           | 
           | What is that? Most humans have general intelligence, but do
           | other apes? Do dogs? A quick google search suggests that the
           | answer is yes.
           | 
           | If that's the case, then this approach may indeed yield an
           | AGI but maybe it's not going to be much better than a golden
           | retriever. Truly excellent at some things, intensely loyal (I
           | hope), but goofy at most other things.
           | 
           | Or maybe just as dogs will never understand calculus, maybe
           | our future AGI will understand things that we will not be
           | able to. It seems to me that there's a good chance that AGI
           | (and intelligence in general) is a spectrum.
        
             | m_fayer wrote:
             | There's a wonderful novella by Ed Chiang called "the
             | lifecycle of software objects" that addresses your thoughts
             | exactly. Highly recommended.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Intelligence in general seems to be a spectrum for animals.
             | Future AGI may be on an entirely different spectrum which
             | isn't directly comparable. We won't know until someone
             | actually builds one and we have a chance to evaluate it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | consumer451 wrote:
         | > Ok here it is. An LLM with physical senses.
         | 
         | See: Pieter Abbeel & Jitendra Malik
         | 
         | https://www.therobotbrains.ai/copy-of-jitendra-malik
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Toyota hinting at AGI in 2 years time? Yes, I'm skeptical.
       | 
       | "Siri, make me a sandwich"
       | 
       | "You're out of bread, would you like me to bake some bread and
       | then make your sandwich?"
       | 
       | isn't going to happen by 2025.
        
         | 3seashells wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | I can honestly see this by 2030. Just not reliable or safe
         | enough for a consumer product.
         | 
         | There will be a gap between "can be done reliably in testing"
         | (probably doable by 2030 even in a randomly chosen house that's
         | not part of the test set) and "safe enough for consumers,
         | children, and pets to not get injured by the movements of a
         | robot who is strong enough to lift and carry a 40lb bag of
         | flour or 40lb laundry basket".
         | 
         | That safety gap for "co-working" robots will be _very_
         | difficult to close enough for the CPSC to be satisfied and also
         | avoid expensive class-action or individual lawsuits.
        
         | anticensor wrote:
         | You forgot the sudo: https://xkcd.com/149
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | RemindMe! 2 years
         | 
         | Ah wait, this isn't Reddit. Well anyhow we'll see I suppose. My
         | money would be more on unfreezing and reheating bread instead,
         | dough rising takes too long for practical sandwich creation.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | We already have robots that make sandwiches. And robots that
         | make bread. And robots that order sandwiches and bread. And
         | robots that deliver sandwiches and bread.
         | 
         | So maybe it's not one robot, but 3-4 robots that interface with
         | each other.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | > Our research in robotics is aimed at amplifying people rather
       | than replacing them
       | 
       | Noble, but the reality is that once the genie is out of the
       | bottle it will be used by many MBAs to replace people.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | This rather sound like an inside facing expectations adjustment
         | implying "don't fire assembly workers yet", with Toyota
         | eagerness I'd imagine you'll be either fired on spot for
         | blatantly lying or forced to make it happen by end of the
         | quarter if you'd even suggest that.
        
         | distortionfield wrote:
         | This is FUS. Replacing people with machines is the story of the
         | entire Industrial Revolution, and yet we haven't ever had
         | widespread unemployment as a result. Quite the opposite.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | It won't replace people, it will displace them.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | reidjs wrote:
         | Controversial, but we can look at this as a good thing. If your
         | entire job is simple enough for a robot to do that job
         | shouldn't be filled by a human. However, the human should
         | receive a decent standard of living, regardless of their
         | employment, which may be politically impossible.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | > However, the human should receive a decent standard of
           | living, regardless of their employment, which may be
           | politically impossible.
           | 
           | Not gonna happen.
        
             | xwdv wrote:
             | And not even for political reasons.
        
           | LostLocalMan wrote:
           | > However, the human should receive a decent standard of
           | living, regardless of their employment, which may be
           | politically impossible
           | 
           | They'll get pie in the sky when they die
        
           | Alupis wrote:
           | > which may be politically impossible
           | 
           | Try economically impossible for starters.
           | 
           | Do some napkin math on how much an individual needs to live
           | each month, and then multiply that by how many people you
           | need to support nation-wide. The dollar amounts are
           | staggering, and make our current annual budget (all of it!)
           | look like mere child's play.
           | 
           | We're talking hundreds of billions of dollars every month.
           | It's simply not possible.
        
             | alexb_ wrote:
             | Let's assume the poverty line of $20,000 a year for a
             | household of two people. For approximately 300,000,000
             | Americans, that would make $3,000,000,000/year. That is
             | less than half of our current annual budget (all of it!).
             | It's a staggering amount, but I don't see why you would
             | exaggerate like this.
             | 
             | I'm actually pretty sure if you raised the income tax rate
             | for the top 0.1% and closed corporate tax loopholes, you
             | could get that level of money.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | The poverty line?
        
               | alexb_ wrote:
               | https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/federal-poverty-
               | level-fp...
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | So you are saying we're going to doom an entire
               | population to poverty, provided courtesy of the
               | government?
               | 
               | I know you're trying to make a point, but let's be
               | realistic. That's never going to fly... and it's wrong to
               | even think people are going to be ok submitting to
               | technology and the government overlords for a life filed
               | with poverty.
        
             | 14 wrote:
             | Not possible with a capitalistic system in place but
             | definitely possible. We would still have the same resources
             | being produced possibly more if robots are more efficient
             | at the jobs. But of course robots will initially be used to
             | rake in more cash for their owners. Later we will get Star
             | Trek way of life where things hold less value because we
             | will easily produce more then we need and stop trying to
             | sell everything.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | > robots will initially be used to rake in more cash for
               | their owners.
               | 
               | And as long as regulators maintain a competitive
               | marketplace, the plummeting in costs to operate a
               | business will result in lower prices. Labor is the
               | largest cost for most businesses, and businesses that
               | take advantage of new automation typically use it to
               | undercut their competitors prices.
        
             | GeoAtreides wrote:
             | 1.3% of US workforce is employed in farms. 1.3% grows the
             | food for the rest of the 98.7% of the population. Add a
             | couple of percents for transport and distribution and you
             | probably have around 5% needed for food (maybe less if it
             | excludes meat and processing).
             | 
             | It's simply very possible.
             | 
             | https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-
             | statistic...
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | You're only adding up half of the equation. On the other
             | half, your nation's productivity has skyrocketed due to
             | plummeting labor costs.
             | 
             | Lets say that robots cut US 'labor' costs in half -- from
             | about 10 trillion to 5 trillion. Add in a 5 trillion dollar
             | tax on robot labor and you've got about 14,700 per capita
             | to spend. And costs for businesses don't change.
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | So we replace full time employment with $14.5k annually?
               | And people are supposed to survive on that, and celebrate
               | the ushering in of tech?
               | 
               | Someone working an entry level fast food job earned
               | vastly more than that per year.
               | 
               | Let's redo your math using realistic numbers and then we
               | can see what's possible or not.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The per capita number was just for scale. I didn't mean
               | that you'd distribute it on a per capita basis. Obviously
               | you'd want to use a mechanism distribute it to people who
               | need it.
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | > I didn't mean that you'd distribute it on a per capita
               | basis
               | 
               | You have to, otherwise you assemble a perverse incentive
               | to not be productive or work. We want _less_ of that as
               | it is, not more.
               | 
               | Working doesn't just mean "working for the man", it can
               | be anything productive that results in income. Such as
               | making and selling paintings, music, whatever.
               | 
               | However, there cannot be a reality where _choosing_ to
               | not work rewards you with as much or more than those who
               | actually work. We also cannot have a system where people
               | choose to peruse fruitless endeavors simply because they
               | enjoy them, and then still get government payments. Yet,
               | the system you propose will be just that -  "I need it
               | more because I'm poor - I'm poor because I choose not to
               | work".
               | 
               | The money used to pay these people is complex, but it is
               | not "free" and is largely supported by the working class.
               | We cannot build incentives for the working class to stop
               | working and subsist entirely off government payments
               | (which come from the rest of the working class, leading
               | to a downward spiral for any such program in terms of
               | costs to the nation).
               | 
               | So realistically, the numbers for some sort of UBI are
               | far, far greater than most people admit in these debates
               | (as all-things government tend to be).
               | 
               | Additionally, if the tax equals the original labor, then
               | there is now a negative incentive for businesses to adopt
               | technology and replace employees as well. Employees are
               | more flexible than a robot, for instance, so if costs are
               | equal the human is the better value from the perspective
               | of most businesses (some excluded such as maybe
               | manufacturing).
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | No, the labor participation rate in the US is less than
               | 2/3 already, because people like children, retirees, and
               | the disabled exist. Distributing money to people who
               | would lose jobs to automation would never be a per-capita
               | exercise, anywhere.
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | You miss the point. The system you propose builds an
               | incentive for _more_ people to not work, not less.
               | 
               | Your system falls apart if more and more people decide
               | not doing anything at all is a worthy trade off for a
               | reduction in annual salary.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Yes, in today's labor market it would.
               | 
               | But that's not the scenario that is being entertained
               | here.
               | 
               | We're talking about a hypothetical future world in which
               | robots with AGI are capable of performing basic labor.
               | Incentivize a human all you want, they will _never_ be
               | able to compete in a labor pool where their competition
               | has no rights and will work 24 /7.
               | 
               | That being said, a handout is not the best way to use
               | that money anyway. What it should be used for are
               | stronger safety nets and public services, along the lines
               | of what already exists in western nations.
        
         | tspike wrote:
         | To be a bit flippant, the last thing our species needs is
         | amplification- we are plenty loud, thanks.
        
         | 3seashells wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | anticensor wrote:
           | Business administrators are needed, even in a worker-owned
           | socialist business, even if just to enforce the worker
           | decisions.
        
       | stuckinhell wrote:
       | This seems like world changing technology, I can't believe these
       | robots can learn complex motions just by watching a teacher.
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | They don't learn by watching. That would be another
         | breakthrough entirely. They learn only by physically completing
         | the task under the complete control of a puppeteer. Still very
         | cool though.
        
       | lbussell wrote:
       | If I had to guess, we're less than 5 years away from seeing real-
       | life C-3PO.
        
         | edgarvaldes wrote:
         | Considering that C-3PO waas verbally very competent, but
         | somewhat clumsy, I agree. Even the "old" Boston Dynamic robots
         | are more agile than 3PO.
        
         | jononomo wrote:
         | If I had to guess, we're over 50 years away from seeing a real-
         | life C-3PO -- hopefully before I die. I think self-driving cars
         | are even further away than that, however.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | As long as you don't mind the extension cord.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | I'll step over an extension cord all day long if it's
           | powering a robot that does the laundry and the dishes and the
           | house cleaning for me.
        
         | seanr88 wrote:
         | I would disagree. All of what we are seeing from this latest
         | surge in AI is essentially jumped up predictive text. To get to
         | C-3P0 there is a whole additional layer of Intelligence needed.
         | C-3P0 can make plans and execute those plans. This latest wave
         | cannot reason about the world, it does not know or understand
         | the world it just assembles words (and here motions) in a way
         | that we value. It is not planning anything.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | That's the easy part. Making high level plans is trivial
           | compared to the fine motor control and dexterity and sensing
           | necessary to do things like turn a T-shirt inside out or
           | install a fitted sheet or crack an egg or whatever. If you
           | give me a robot with all the fine motor skills necessary for
           | all the steps to cook a meal but no planning capability
           | whatsoever, I'll have that robot cooking your dinner within a
           | year.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | I think you're giving C3PO too much credit for the bumbling
           | idiot he usually is when on screen. Well aside from
           | calculating the odds of successfully navigating an asteroid
           | field, but I'm sure GPT 4 will let you know what that is just
           | as easily, as well as translating any language into any other
           | language which is supposedly 3PO's whole schtick.
           | 
           | Also:
           | 
           | > can make plans and execute those plans
           | 
           | https://github.com/antony0596/auto-gpt
           | 
           | > cannot reason about the world, it does not know or
           | understand the world it just assembles words
           | 
           | They can reason a surprising amount given that they only work
           | with text. With vision/actuation encoding there's potential
           | for far more. Remember, it doesn't have to be smart or
           | conscious as long as it gets the job done with cold hard
           | statistics while just appearing as such. A submarine does not
           | swim but crosses the ocean just the same.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | > as well as translating any language into any other
             | language which is supposedly 3PO's whole schtick.
             | 
             | To be pedantic, language is only half the job, as a
             | protocol droid it's C3POs job to understand _social_
             | protocols, ie etiquette, and knowing what one culture might
             | misunderstand about another and smooth over any faux pas, a
             | task that requires considerable empathy and attention to
             | subtle emotional cues.
             | 
             | i'm very curious to know what it would take to turn a
             | language model designed to respond to prompts, and create
             | something that can proactively interrupt a situation - to
             | realize when it has something to contribute, and keeping
             | its virtual mouth shut otherwise.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | C3PO is a translator droid that is basically stupid at
           | everything else (other than math or facts listing, as he's a
           | robot).
           | 
           | So yes, I think he seems a reasonable target.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | This sounds like LoRA but for robotics, am I teaching this right?
        
       | rcarr wrote:
       | This is getting pretty close to how I think we get to the general
       | purpose humanoid robot. This is how I see it playing out:
       | 
       | - You have your Boston Dynamics style humanoid robot at the job
       | site, lets say it's a bricklayer for the purposes of this
       | example.
       | 
       | - You have a human somewhere offsite in an open room with an
       | omnidirectional treadmill floor, and cameras and depth sensors
       | positioned all around the room. They're wearing a Hollywood style
       | motion capture suit and have a VR headset on so they can see what
       | the humanoid robot sees through their cameras.
       | 
       | - The human then acts as they would on site, walking up to the
       | pile of bricks, picking them up, placing them etc. The robot
       | moves in real time on the job site, mimicking whatever action the
       | human performs. I don't know if you'll need props to do this
       | properly or if the muscle memory from years on the job will be
       | enough for the humans to get the motions right.
       | 
       | - You log all the data. You then have someone watch through the
       | video stream, labelling each action that is being performed.
       | 
       | - You run it all through a machine learning algorithm, until you
       | get to the point where you can just send the architectural plan
       | to the robot and essentially say "Build this wall for me".
        
         | Lemmi wrote:
         | In short term perhaps but not long-term.
         | 
         | I believe they will send out a team to digitize the job site.
         | 
         | The team will then create a digital twin.
         | 
         | The architect will map everything into this twin.
         | 
         | The computer system will simulate the build steps.
         | 
         | Robots will be brought onto the job site and get a finetuned
         | model (if necessary) and will build it automatically.
        
           | mortureb wrote:
           | No, long term we somehow get something magical like LLMs that
           | swoop in and magically pull off these tasks.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | None of that. We get LLM on the jobsite and it tells worker
             | how it's done.
             | 
             | Often nothing as cheap as humans in terms of energy
             | consumption. I doubt LLMs will beat that energy
             | consumption.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | Yes, it's called reinforcement learning.
        
         | 0xbeefcab wrote:
         | The first 3/4 points were all almost exactly from the 2008
         | movie Sleep Dealer to the point where I thought you were
         | referencing that
        
           | rcarr wrote:
           | Never heard of it before, any good?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | And yet, as far as I know we don't even have mature
         | implementations of this even for machines with much courser
         | movement whose movement are controlled by a loose physical
         | mapping to the human operator's movements. Things like
         | excavators with dual joystick controls.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | This is precisely how Comma and Tesla do self driving.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | irtefa wrote:
       | The prospect of robots able to manipulate liquids, cloth and
       | other tricky materials shows how dexterous they're becoming.
       | Major milestone. Exciting stuff!
        
       | kelseyfrog wrote:
       | Wake me up when a robot is the one teaching the other robots. The
       | bottleneck in requiring human instructors makes this basically a
       | no-go for me.
        
         | dpeckett wrote:
         | In the linked TRI video they hint they are working on building
         | generic dexterity models. If that proves possible, maybe
         | oneshot/fewshot learning of dexterous behaviors isn't
         | farfetched.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Once a robot is trained, it's training dataset can be copied to
         | other pretty quickly? So that's 'one robot teaching another'.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | I don't see any breakthrough here. I think it's simple marketing:
       | "We're among the first using a variant of LLMs to enhance robotic
       | behaviors."
       | 
       | The first pancake sequence starts with the pancake half off the
       | baking surface and in danger of falling to the floor. So the
       | device _pushes_ the pancake back onto the baking surface. Good
       | enuf if the pancake is  "stiff" (already cooked and rigid). So
       | hope you like your pancakes well-done!
       | 
       | And the pancake-flipper doesn't _flip_ the pancake - it slides
       | the spatula under the pancake and then, just like a robot,
       | rotates the spatula until the pancake drops. In any case,
       | fuggeddabout  "eggs over easy".
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Pretty fumble-fingered robots they were using. All you needed for
       | industry up til now.
       | 
       | Now the can learn, quickly, perhaps a more dexterous robot with
       | flexible digits etc will become the norm.
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | OK, so those nice safe real world jobs? AI is after them too
       | now...
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _those nice safe real world jobs?_
         | 
         | "American manufacturers use far fewer robots than their
         | competitors, in particular in Taiwan, South Korea and China"
         | [1]. And specialized manufacturing is in a permanent skills
         | shortage. More automation may boost employment and wages for
         | blue-collar workers. Particularly if such kit enables new
         | entrants to challenge incumbents.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wsj.com/economy/american-labors-real-problem-
         | it-...
        
         | fhd2 wrote:
         | Might just take a while for it to be economical for lots of
         | jobs. The amount of humans is increasing, the amount of natural
         | resources, different story.
        
         | valine wrote:
         | There's no real dignity in work that can easily be done by a
         | robot. A lot of these jobs make people miserable anyway, maybe
         | we shouldn't be fighting so hard to keep them.
        
           | GedHawk wrote:
           | All Labor has Dignity
        
             | valine wrote:
             | Does it? If I pay you to move rocks back and forth in a
             | field does that work have dignity?
             | 
             | Making someone work a job that could be done cheaper and
             | faster by a robot doesn't benefit anyone. You're destroying
             | economic value and wasting the worker's time.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Yes, in the same way as a work-out in the gym has dignity
               | and value. In the gym you're just moving some metal
               | chunks up and down, but that work has tremendous physical
               | and mental effects on the person doing it.
        
               | valine wrote:
               | Unless you're a professional athlete no one is going to
               | pay you to work out. It has no value for society.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | What are you talking about? Society? The benefit is to
               | the person working or working out.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | This seems like a perception thing. Like the person
               | moving rocks might be extremely grateful just to have a
               | job. The mentally disabled, ex-cons, and other people who
               | have been overlooked for work for many years all likely
               | experience a sense of dignity in being paid to work.
               | Perhaps they even delude themselves into thinking moving
               | rocks is somehow useful or necessary.
               | 
               | I always found it weird that outsiders need to dictate
               | what dignity is, since it is an internal state/feeling
               | about own actions.
               | 
               | I'm not against automating high toil (the definition from
               | the Google SRE book) jobs. But people will find dignity
               | in their hobbies if they can't find it at work. If they
               | can't find dignity there, they have been failed by
               | society.
        
               | topkai22 wrote:
               | Well over 50% of workers report being satisfied with
               | their job. Automation eliminating jobs people are
               | satisfied or happy with is almost certainly a loss the
               | workers, even if it is an improvement overall.
               | 
               | I say this as someone who knows he has been directly
               | responsible for eliminating dozens of jobs through
               | automation. Not all the people affected had lives were
               | improved by the job elimination, even if I truly believe
               | our solution made far more peoples lives better and was a
               | win overall.
               | 
               | --- Edits for typos
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | We're back to the recurring question: what economics model
           | will work without workers?
        
             | belter wrote:
             | None. There will be an economy of Robot consumers and Robot
             | producers.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _what economics model will work without workers?_
             | 
             | Without _labour_? None. Without human workers? All of them.
             | That said, everything we label the humanities has plenty of
             | runway apart from automation.
        
               | edgarvaldes wrote:
               | Capitalism without human workers? How?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Capitalism without human workers?_
               | 
               | Humans only own and consume while robots (functionally,
               | the capital of this economy) provide the labour. Everyone
               | is a founder, but instead of co-founders and employees,
               | you just command a team of AIs and robots. You're still
               | trying to innovate and provide a product, as are others
               | to you. But nobody is selling labour _per se_.
        
               | jprete wrote:
               | Leaving aside the convenient assumption that AI will take
               | every job except CEO...this sounds insanely competitive
               | and most people don't have it in them to do this.
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | _Everyone is a founder_
               | 
               | Surely you mean the top 1%, who have the capital to
               | invest into robots?
        
               | h0l0cube wrote:
               | AGI will claim the novelty of 'innovation' from humans
               | too
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _AGI will claim the novelty of 'innovation' from humans
               | too_
               | 
               | One, sure, we can expand the hypothetical envelope to
               | infinity. That wasn't the question.
               | 
               | Two, I'm not sure. Human preferences need not be
               | rational. Given the choice, many would choose the flawed
               | work of a human versus the synthesized product of an AGI.
               | 
               | Three, if we have an AGI that can do everything humans
               | can do we've rendered the question irrelevant. There is
               | no "economy" anymore because everything can be centrally
               | measured, produced and dispatched. By the AGI. (Or it can
               | destroy us.) Either way, we return to production and
               | consumption of non-AI work products being purely
               | voluntary.
        
             | bulbosaur123 wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | I don't think that's the issue.
           | 
           | The issue is training humans fast enough to stay one step
           | ahead of the robots and the LLMs.
        
           | randomdata wrote:
           | > A lot of these jobs make people miserable anyway
           | 
           | A lot of these jobs also make people happy, though. That is
           | why the loss of manufacturing in particular was such a blow
           | to Americans. People love manufacturing - to the point that
           | having small-scale manufacturing facilities in one's garage
           | so that one can keep on manufacturing things on the weekend
           | is a dream of many.
        
           | willio58 wrote:
           | "There's no real dignity in working to make a living." FTFY
           | 
           | /s But seriously, while I think humans will always find some
           | meaning in work, there will come a day when that work is no
           | longer required. Or at the very least, work will look so
           | different that it will be unrecognizable to us currently. I
           | think "work" will look more and more like "art" in the year
           | 4000 for example.
           | 
           | The idea of a person sacrificing some of their time to enrich
           | the person at the top of a company already sounds bad, but we
           | all accept it must happen so we can afford to live. But when
           | robots and AI takes over labor in a significant way, what
           | will be left for those humans that remain? And let's say we
           | converge on something like a universal basic income to fix
           | this, where will humans find meaning?
        
             | jononomo wrote:
             | Thinking about the year 4000 isn't interesting. Thinking
             | about the year 2100 is interesting.
        
               | p1esk wrote:
               | Thinking about the year GPT-5 is released is interesting
               | (likely 2024).
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | I was a huge supporter of UBI for a while, but now I think
             | money is going to become kind of meaningless at some point
             | (the more we print the less it's worth, and UBI policies
             | would struggle to keep up with the inflation they drive)
             | 
             | I'm leaning more towards socialized housing, food, health
             | care, and public transporation now, at least for the
             | basics.
             | 
             | Everyone should be able to at least meet their minimal
             | basic needs without depending on their economic relevance
             | (which isn't a given for many people over the next 100
             | years). People who want more than the essentials (a house
             | with larger bedrooms, equipment for their hobbies, travel
             | accommodations) can find paid work in positions that still
             | require a human touch.
             | 
             | And if there aren't enough jobs available for everyone who
             | wants one, then start reducing the standard work week from
             | 40 hours, until everyone who wants can find work.
        
       | eachro wrote:
       | As far as I understand, getting robots to do reasonable things
       | when faced with out of distribution experiences is super hard.
       | How do they manage this?
        
       | NalNezumi wrote:
       | Cool to see Russ Tedrakes recent work! His online course
       | Underactuated Robotics is a very good course to get a grasp on
       | the complexities faced in robotics.
       | 
       | It's exciting to see someone with a bit more deeper knowledge
       | than "Flex tape slap LLM on robotics" featured here, which is
       | majority of Robot Learning work upvoted on HN.
       | 
       | There's more to it than just language learning to be solved
       | before we can have proper embodied agents in the chaotic real
       | world.
        
       | treespace8 wrote:
       | This looks impressive. Much more than even the Boston Dynamics
       | demonstrations.
       | 
       | Flipping a pancake is extremely difficult because each pancake is
       | different. I know that these videos must be cherry-picked but to
       | be able to train a Robot to do this just by demonstrating feels
       | like a massive leap.
        
         | sashank_1509 wrote:
         | Flipping a pancake was done in 2010. What looks impressive for
         | humans is easy for robots and vice versa:
         | https://youtu.be/W_gxLKSsSIE?si=HDyNXe1Ys_eFXiVU Another case
         | in point: robot juggling was done in 1990s and to date we do
         | not have a robot that can open any door reliably like a human.
         | Kind of like Moravecs Paradox
        
           | LostLocalMan wrote:
           | To be fair it is far more complex for a robot to grip a
           | spatula and use that spatula on a griddle than to use dynamic
           | motion to flip a pancake in a pan.
        
             | GlenTheMachine wrote:
             | Ehhh.
             | 
             | Solving any one problem with robotic manipulation isn't all
             | that hard. It takes a lot of trial and error, but in
             | general if the task is constrained you can solve it
             | reliably. The trick is to solve *new* tasks without
             | resorting to all that fine tuning every time. Which is what
             | Russ is claiming here. He's training an LLM with a corpus
             | of one-off policies for solving specific manipulation
             | tasks, and claiming to get robust _ad hoc_ policies from it
             | for previously unsolved tasks.
             | 
             | If this actually works, it's pretty important. But that's
             | the core claim: that he can solve _ad hoc_ tasks without
             | training or hand tuning.
        
         | irtefa wrote:
         | Yes! In layman's terms: is the most efficient way to train
         | these robots by showing them billions of videos of how it's
         | done?
        
           | GlenTheMachine wrote:
           | Almost certainly not. Because the sense of touch is an
           | important part of the problem and that data isn't present in
           | videos.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Not just touch but proprioception. Robots in human
             | environments will have to be better at proprioception than
             | 98% of humans. If I bump into you it's typically anything
             | from annoying to a meetcute. I'm a pretty big guy, but if
             | you had to chose me to step on your foot or somebody else,
             | it's probably me you want, because I will shift my weight
             | off your foot before you even know what happened (tai chi)
             | because you will barely notice.
             | 
             | If instead your choice is your high school bully or a
             | robot, well for now pick the bully. Because that robot
             | isn't even being vicious and will hurt more.
        
       | martin_henk wrote:
       | Google kuffner
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Website isn't loading for me, but found the video on the Toyota
       | research youtube:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-CGSQAO5-Q
        
       | electrondood wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents._ "
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
         | Twitter still is the public townsquare. Nobody does
         | announcements or breaking news on threads or IG.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | JamesBarney wrote:
         | Standard of living increases are made 1 job loss at a time. It
         | sucks, we should supports people's transitions, but I don't
         | think we should hold back progress.
        
       | anuvrat1 wrote:
       | For anyone interested, here[0] is the YouTube channel of Russ
       | Tedrake, which has:                   - 6.4210 (2023) Robotics
       | Manipulation         - 6.8210 (2023) Underactuated Robotics
       | 
       | [0](https://www.youtube.com/@underactuated5171)
        
       | reportingsjr wrote:
       | This sounds similar to some of the work that google has done,
       | such as PaLM-E: https://blog.research.google/2023/03/palm-e-
       | embodied-multimo...
       | 
       | Very exciting times in robotics!
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | This looks way better than PaLM-E because the robots they're
         | using are more capable and the tasks much more complex. And
         | they're doing the behaviors at the same speed a human does them
         | while puppeteering the robot. The PaLM-E demonstrations were
         | all shown in sped-up videos because they are agonizingly slow
         | in reality.
        
       | Fleusal wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | Dr. Ruth might have some ideas what other skills robots should
       | learn.
        
       | UberFly wrote:
       | That shot of it spreading goop on bread was amusing. This video
       | feels like an Onion production to me for some reason.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | nico wrote:
       | I wonder if giving cars a sense of touch is what will ultimately
       | be the key to enable full autonomous driving
       | 
       | Are there any cars out there that have something like a sense of
       | touch and with it can sense the road or things that they crash
       | into?
        
         | jpadkins wrote:
         | I think cars already have a sense of touch with the road with
         | traction control sensors.
         | 
         | For everything else isn't touch too late, especially at high
         | speeds? the point is to avoid the crash.
        
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