[HN Gopher] Cancer expert given experimental treatments for incu...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cancer expert given experimental treatments for incurable brain
       tumour
        
       Author : femto
       Score  : 158 points
       Date   : 2023-09-20 14:27 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.abc.net.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.abc.net.au)
        
       | Empact wrote:
       | A great example of why to support "Right to Try" laws. Every
       | terminal patient could choose to contribute to our understanding
       | of treatment while also possibly improving their outcome. Through
       | self-experimentation we could dramatically increase the pace of
       | progress.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-to-try_law
        
         | sharkweek wrote:
         | A friend of mine was diagnosed as terminal in his mid 20s (he
         | had a giant mole underneath one of his fingernails that he
         | never got checked out and it was later discovered to be
         | aggressive melanoma that spread all over the place before they
         | were able to amputate the finger).
         | 
         | He was given 12-18 months, so was able to get into a string of
         | experimental treatments. He's the first patient in the world to
         | have tried a few different treatments, and... the best part,
         | he's still alive today turning 40 next year. He still has
         | cancer, and it'll probably get the best of him at some point,
         | but he's stoked to have made it 15 YEARS past his initial
         | terminal diagnosis.
         | 
         | Obviously experimental trials can go the other way too, but it
         | was a risk he was more than willing to take.
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | I'd like to see a limited version that weeds out anything
         | discredited or without a reasonable basis to think it will
         | work.
        
         | dublinben wrote:
         | There is a long and well-documented history of self-
         | experimentation in medical science.[0]
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-
         | experimentation_in_medici...
        
         | BerislavLopac wrote:
         | That is something I don't understand: how is experimental
         | treatment on terminal patiens not allowed, but something like
         | this is: https://arstechnica.com/health/2023/09/musks-
         | neuralink-seeks...
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | I do sympathize. However, my old nextdoor neighbor had cancer,
         | and he lectured me on how homeopathic medicines could get rid
         | of all the "toxins" in our bodies. Naturally, he's dead now.
         | 
         | I think the problem is Scale. These experimental treatments are
         | only available in small quantities. There are many, many people
         | dying of cancer. Are they supposed to open factories for drugs
         | that aren't even developed yet?
        
           | junon wrote:
           | Homeopathy needs to be banned. It's pseudoscience at best, a
           | cult at worst.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | True. I also know someone who went down to Mexico for
             | treatment, unfortunately.
        
               | pnut wrote:
               | Pure Mexican water, what could possibly go wrong....
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | People with nothing to lose make fantastic targets for snake
         | oil fraud.
         | 
         | Principally, I agree with right to try, but I'm not sure what
         | appropriate safeguards would look like.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | Everybody's terrified of the snake oil days, and almost
           | nobody considers the way things were several decades ago,
           | when cancer researchers were allowed to try things on
           | patients without government approval, and we made much faster
           | progress than we did after the FDA clamped down.
           | 
           | For details, see the book _The Death of Cancer_ by Vincent
           | DeVita, director of the Yale Cancer Center and former
           | director of the National Cancer Institute.
        
             | magicalist wrote:
             | For context, though, this was in the early 1960s when
             | basically everything was low hanging fruit, so let's not
             | assume the only variable at work is how much the FDA was
             | clamping down.
             | 
             | https://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2015/12/18/vincent-
             | devita... is a good take on the work (remember when people
             | used to blog?), and includes some good examples in the same
             | stream of cancer treatment history where it's clearer that
             | cancer researchers trying things on patients without
             | government approval is not clearly necessary and certainly
             | not sufficient for advancing the state of clinical
             | practice.
             | 
             | Super interesting history.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | The fruit hung lower back then but now we have taller
               | ladders. We've learned a lot since the 1960s.
               | 
               | That blog entry is interesting but it's based on an
               | article Malcom Gladwell wrote about DeVita's book; the
               | author says he hadn't read the book himself. It does make
               | some good points. I feel there ought to be a middle
               | ground, where physicians are professionally expected to
               | base decisions on good science (rather than "our patients
               | would vomit on the way home if we gave them the effective
               | dose"), but also we don't have government officials
               | prohibiting terminal patients from getting treatments
               | that oncologists think could help them.
        
           | cobbzilla wrote:
           | Let's trade: I'll take your aversion to snake oil salesmen,
           | and you can have my cancer. Deal?
        
             | melling wrote:
             | How about we simply fund more real medical research so we
             | can cure all those diseases that you might eventually get?
        
               | ogogmad wrote:
               | How does throwing more money at the problem help? How you
               | spend it matters. Otherwise you're just setting it on
               | fire.
        
               | melling wrote:
               | No one said "throw money at it mindlessly". I said "fund
               | more real medical research"
               | 
               | I'm a little busy to explain it for the 100th time. Can
               | you do a little research instead of putting words in my
               | mouth?
               | 
               | There was a time when scientists thought HIV would never
               | be curable. https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Health/5th-person-
               | confirmed-cured...
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | ballenf wrote:
           | - Registration of alternative treatments with contact info
           | (registered business address, etc.). Prevent fly-by-night
           | hucksters from hiding in the dark.
           | 
           | - Require disclosure of ingredients
           | 
           | - Require disclosure of tests for contaminants
           | 
           | - Require disclosure of adverse advents
           | 
           | - Have a standardized form for all of the above. Kind of a
           | "truth-in-lending" document but for alternative treatments.
           | 
           | - Allow licensed doctors more freedom to administer
           | alternative treatments without fear of license loss, so long
           | as patient consent is received. This could be allow weeding
           | out of some of the actual snake oil, but would add cost.
        
             | zaptrem wrote:
             | I'd suggest adding:
             | 
             | - Cannot charge patient for treatment.
             | 
             | That way nobody can actually sell snake oil.
        
               | finite_depth wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | And apply medical trial standards. And everyone benefits,
               | evem treatment isn't successful there are research
               | results to work with.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | You can get rid of "with nothing to lose" and your statement
           | would still be accurate. Sure, do the best you can to protect
           | people, but give them the agency to make their own choices.
        
           | nazka wrote:
           | I guess by over regulating it on both sides. Companies
           | shouldn't be able to use weird methods and ethics with these
           | laws. And we can have the right to try but we will have to go
           | through a lot of process to really make it happen. Not just
           | sign here and we are done. Bureaucracy "nightmare" can be a
           | good filter here for once.
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | An important societal consideration, but for those patients
           | we need to remember that at the end of the day, they still
           | have nothing to loose.
           | 
           | Let's improve law enforcement and punishment for Snake Oil
           | sellers and presume good faith in all other instances.
        
           | thegrizzlyking wrote:
           | Many forms of snake oil(herbal supplements etc) is already
           | allowed. Real medicine is what is being denied.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | Why are safeguards necessary? They're going to die anyway,
           | letting them try literal snake oil isn't hurting anything.
           | 
           | Let people make decisions for their own bodies.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | But it is enriching snake oil salesman, which lets them
             | spend more money to convince people who _aren 't_ dying to
             | spend money on their bullshit.
             | 
             | Look at the bigger picture - it doesn't matter if it's just
             | this person doing whatever they want with their body if
             | it's a net negative for society as a whole. Society
             | shouldn't accept any externality just because someone
             | thinks cuckoo fraud "science" will work when it won't.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | _Why are safeguards necessary? They 're going to die
             | anyway, letting them try literal snake oil isn't hurting
             | anything._
             | 
             | Unless they were so enamored with the snake oil treatment
             | that they ignored a legitimate treatment that have been
             | effective.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | If there's a legitimate effective treatment available,
               | they're no longer terminal cases, are they?
               | 
               | I suppose you could hypothesize someone refusing
               | treatment until its too late _then_ trying the snake
               | oil...
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | This article is about a doctor with incurable cancer who
               | was able to find a experimental treatment that so far
               | seems to be helping. If instead he had been focusing on
               | magic magnetic bracelets with no hope of helping, he may
               | have not have tried this science based treatment.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | janpieterz wrote:
             | Fair, but there's already a lot of medical related
             | alternative treatments and activities that cause people to
             | give up on more established practices and causes real harm.
             | Currently the laws allow for the government to stop a lot
             | of that. I don't like it, but don't know a solution that
             | would work, people are extremely vulnerable in these
             | situations.
        
               | eggy wrote:
               | The established practice of encouraging blanket COVID
               | boosters to otherwise healthy five-year-olds probably
               | tilts more towards harm than the benefit side of things.
               | And the boosters are not like the flu shot. They are for
               | something that has already been circulating. The seasonal
               | flu shot is a projection of what strain(s) may circulate
               | come flu season. And COVID is year-round.
               | 
               | Prosecute snake oil salespeople, and allow people agency
               | to make their own decisions.
        
               | janpieterz wrote:
               | Where's that boundary between snake oil and "freedom of
               | choice, but alternative" though? That's the tough part
               | here right? It's subjective, not in it's ultimate truth
               | but in it's experience by everyone.
        
               | influx wrote:
               | Their body, their choice.
               | 
               | Steve Jobs probably killed himself by his medical choices
               | but that's what he wanted to do.
               | 
               | Should we have strapped him in and forced him to get
               | conventional medicine?
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _Steve Jobs probably killed himself by his medical
               | choices but that's what he wanted to do. Should we have
               | strapped him in and forced him to get conventional
               | medicine?_
               | 
               | No, but we could have regulated transparency of
               | "nontraditional medicine" and any fraudulent claims the
               | people he was listening to were making.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | Walgreens sells homeopathic products on the shelf right
               | next to real medicine.
               | 
               | The NHS and German public health systems pay public money
               | for homeopathic fake remedies.
               | 
               | (To their credit the NHS has reduced the practice.)
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | This can be effective; a lot of medicines have
               | experimental evidence saying they don't work, because
               | they aren't better than placebo, but the reason for this
               | is that the placebo works too.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | Or they can kill your baby:
               | https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/01/fda-confirms-
               | toxicit...
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | I'm going to take this as a naive question and answer it
             | with an example.
             | 
             | Andrew Wakefield et al published a paper based on a small
             | number of participants. they effectively preyed upon
             | desperate parents to assert that MMR caused autism.
             | (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9500320/)
             | 
             | When people are desperate, its very easy to get them to do
             | stuff thats very bad for them.
             | 
             | The problem is that in some cases that "very bad" thing
             | might actually be quite good.
             | 
             | For example adding chlorine to water, on the face of it, is
             | a fucking stupid idea. However along with proper
             | sewage/sanitation, its responsible for most of the extended
             | lifespan we enjoy in the west.
             | 
             | It is a grey area between doing good, through taking
             | informed risks, and using shortcuts that require desperate
             | people to take extra ordinary risks.
             | 
             | For example the reason why that vaccine was a massive risk
             | is because the immune response could have just attacked the
             | brain tissue as well as the tumour. And as it is a learned
             | immune response, its super hard to stop it.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | We are discussing specifically in the context of people
               | who are less than a year from death anyway. Risks are
               | irrelevant at that point if the person in question wants
               | to try them.
               | 
               | All of your examples seem to be irrelevant in that
               | context.
        
             | hotpotamus wrote:
             | Why not just kill them and take their money if they're
             | going to die anyway? Then you don't even have to squeeze
             | the oil out of snakes.
        
               | avery17 wrote:
               | Require the treatment be free for the patient. Problem
               | solved.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Who will then pay? Doctors and hospitals eating all the
               | costs doesn't seem likeky. It is not just the drug, but
               | administering it, treating side effects, monitoring etc.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | For experimental treatments, it's very likely. It happens
               | today in many clinical trials.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Yes, as part of trials but for self-selected medication
               | by patients - not sure. The funding sources for trials
               | wouldn't necessarily just extend there.
        
             | fzeroracer wrote:
             | Well, because often said snake oil can be quite toxic to
             | your body and result in a _lot_ of needless suffering. To
             | be honest, most people know that if  'right to try' became
             | a thing it would need to be followed up with 'you waive all
             | rights to a lawsuit' because the moment an experimental
             | treatment resulted in an extremely painful and accelerated
             | death suddenly all of the people being advocates for right
             | to try would sue them out of business.
             | 
             | In this scenario, it's a cancer expert well aware that
             | these treatments could possibly result in the above and is
             | willing to do so anyways.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | > People with nothing to lose make fantastic targets for
           | snake oil fraud.
           | 
           | How much of that is because there's nothing else offered to
           | them, other than snake oil and "have fun dying soon"?
           | 
           | If their entire world is full of hucksters and con men, how
           | can it possibly make things worse to open it up to legitimate
           | research?
        
             | tomsto wrote:
             | Agree. My mother had a very serious form of cancer (she's
             | luckily responded well to treatment) but she was
             | overwhelmed by con men promising hope. Adding legitimate
             | research makes this mix less toxic, not more
        
           | flir wrote:
           | Get at least _n_ medical professionals to sign off on it?
        
         | geff82 wrote:
         | The reason I got to know my grandmother and that she lived
         | until I was 26 is that in the 70s she took part in such a trial
         | when she was terminally ill.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I don't think it takes being a cancer researcher to know that an
       | experimental treatment is riskier and could actually shorten your
       | life. I get that some people need a lot of guidance/counseling to
       | understand what the risks might be, but there are plenty of
       | people capable of understanding the risks. Even for routine
       | procedures people are rarely informed of the risks. Sure, they
       | might get an Epic printout, but most skip or skim it and fhe
       | doctor doesn't explain everything. Look at how many women are
       | later surprised that the pill could increase their risk for
       | breast cancer, gliomas, etc because it's colloquially known as
       | being low risk with the benefit of not being pregnant. If you
       | start reading off all the risks and truly getting people to
       | conceptualize the probabilities, it would take too long and scare
       | too many away.
       | 
       | If I'm terminal, hand me a packet and let me sign up for the
       | experiment. If not, I might be buying/renting/borrowing some lab
       | equipment, probably to an even bigger self risk (radioactive boy
       | scout haha).
        
         | bloaf wrote:
         | I read a post a while back by a guy who claimed to be managing
         | a long term condition he had via homemade blood monitoring and
         | pills containing something that earlier trials had shown were
         | effective at managing the condition (I don't think it was
         | diabetes, but it had a similar flavor to treating diabetes with
         | something other than insulin.)
         | 
         | He explained that he eventually went blind in one eye because
         | he had miscalculated the dose of something in his pill and
         | eventually OD'd on it.
         | 
         | My reaction to the story was: "This is fantastic. More people
         | should be doing this." (Obviously not the going blind part.)
         | 
         | What I do want is for it to be more widely recognized that we
         | _have in fact_ reached a point where it is possible for people
         | to make their own blood tests, identify promising treatments in
         | the scientific literature, and make their own medicine. I can
         | 't help but think that if that guy had been sharing his
         | treatment with a like-minded community, someone else may have
         | caught his dosing error.
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | Regarding treating diabetes with something other than
           | insulin, it should be pointed out that there are several
           | types of diabetes, and not all of them should be treated with
           | insulin.
           | 
           | Type 2 diabetes for instance should be treated with fasting
           | in most cases. It's not a popular treatment, probably because
           | doctors tend to prefer to push pills down your throat, and
           | also because fasting is scary, but it is way more effective
           | than anything else out there.
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | > that there is no blood brain barrier and historically
       | conceptualised
       | 
       |  _as_ historically conceptualized?
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | IMO this is an example of how cancer needs to be attacked. We
       | need an army, not a pharmaceutical company.
       | 
       | We need an army of biology lab workers that can do these bespoke
       | attacks, perhaps enabled by software-generated compounds and
       | formulae. I really don't want to say AI, but maybe even AI.
       | 
       | Once we get the manual labor approach largely solved, then
       | iterate on efficiencies.
       | 
       | Immunotherapies seem to be "the answer". The issue is that they
       | are a very complicated answer, to a complicated disease (cancer
       | is actually thousands of genetic damage diseases under one
       | moniker).
        
       | dpeckett wrote:
       | Interview with Professor Scolyer and his colleague Professor
       | Georgina Long https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blPsZ1eTxzE
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | One anecdote about experimental cancer treatment: Expect the
       | unexpected.
       | 
       | My mother had uterine cancer. As it progressed, she entered a
       | study and took experimental drugs.
       | 
       | The cancer spread to her spine, which is highly unusual for
       | uterine cancer. Because it's unusual, her oncologist went into
       | denial and didn't treat her appropriately.
       | 
       | I remember listening to the oncologist say "it can't be spinal
       | cancer, that doesn't happen" while I could see that the
       | infectious disease expert was humoring the oncologist and
       | checking my mom for spinal meningitis.
        
         | lainga wrote:
         | What is to be done about the strong individualistic element -
         | some might say liability - among doctors in Western medical
         | systems?
        
           | fidotron wrote:
           | AI, unironically.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Exactly - deviate from the established protocol and you open
           | up legal risks, possibly get fired from your practice (since
           | most are big companies now and not individuals or partners),
           | etc.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | The irony was that the infectious disease expert checking my
           | mom was very Chinese, both in appearance and accent.
           | 
           | If she (infectious disease expert) had the "western" "strong
           | individualistic element," she might have pulled the
           | oncologist aside and said, "look..." (If she hadn't already
           | done that, but was merely seeing my mom so her oncologist
           | could save face.)
           | 
           | The real issue is mindset and maturity. These issues happen
           | in all cultures.
        
             | lainga wrote:
             | Alright, point taken...
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | borbulon wrote:
         | I'm sorry to hear about your mother. I have cancer, and I've
         | definitely gotten a few "we've never seen _x_ happen with _y_
         | drug, " but they've always been ready to accept that I'm just
         | in the 0.00001 percentile or whatever that this happens to.
         | They've never tried to treat me for something else, they
         | believed that what was happening, was happening.
        
       | zeku wrote:
       | That's amazing, I hope this works as it seems promising!
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | Bespoke, patient-specific, genomic treatments: they'll ask how
       | deep are your pockets. I am reminded of Lance Armstrong beating
       | cancer.
        
         | stvltvs wrote:
         | Lance had testicular cancer which is highly treatable, but I
         | take your point in the general case.
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | This story is Australia, pretty sure we have fairly good
         | subsidised access to even these kind of things (once they've
         | gone through all the trials). I know a few people who have had
         | targeted treatments for cancer who aren't incredibly well off,
         | never did ask about the cost but I'm pretty sure they wouldn't
         | have the means to access it in the US system.
        
       | desireco42 wrote:
       | He is a doctor and he gets the life saving treatment... the
       | plebes can die in pain and up till recently they didn't even
       | being allowed medical marihuana...
       | 
       | I am really happy for the guy, but like others mentioned,
       | everyone should be able to choose what they want to do...
       | 
       | Steve Jobs died because he refused treatment... so let us
       | commoners have the same luxury
        
         | cancerhacker wrote:
         | Steve Jobs died because he initially refused rational
         | treatment, then he aggressively pursued conventional treatment
         | (liver transplant). The initial refusal thing is common - in my
         | case, I refused to believe the symptoms (bloody stool) I had
         | were something that needed to be dealt with.
         | 
         | In both our cases, neither of us had any qualifications to make
         | a determination of treatment, and doing our own research
         | wouldn't have helped. (I'm sure the Big Turmeric Cartel would
         | have something to chime in with (one of the common "it'll cure
         | you" paths.)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > He is a doctor and he gets the ... plebes can die in pain ...
         | 
         | Back in low-drama reality - "experimental" medical treatments
         | have a very long, ugly history of failing to work, or of making
         | the patient's condition even worse. And "the researchers were
         | really _trying_ to help the people... " has often been untrue.
        
       | adamredwoods wrote:
       | >> But the pair said it was too early to say whether those
       | scientific results mean a better prognosis for Professor Scolyer.
       | 
       | He had surgery and they are not sure if the immunotherapy drug
       | will work. Best of luck to him.
        
       | dpeckett wrote:
       | Thus continuing the long tradition of Australian physicians
       | experimenting on themselves
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Marshall#Career_and_rese...
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I usually downvote (in my RSS reader) articles about cancer
       | because there are just so many of them but YOShInOn has lately
       | shown me a lot of articles about breakthroughs in glioblastoma, I
       | suspect also that one.
       | 
       | It's a tough nut to crack, my thesis advisor passed away from
       | glioblastoma at a relatively young age.
        
       | DrAwdeOccarim wrote:
       | I can't seem to find exactly what kind of treatment he received.
       | Does anyone know the actual scientific description of it?
        
       | kogus wrote:
       | This part confuses me:                 Twelve days after he was
       | given the immunotherapy       drugs, Professor Scolyer had
       | surgery to have       the bulk of his tumour removed.
       | 
       | If they were able to remove the tumor, was it incurable?
       | 
       | Afterwards, they were able to analyze the tissue in the (now
       | removed) tumor to establish that the immunotherapy drug had
       | performed far above anyone's expectations.
       | 
       | That is fantastic news, but it is not my impression from the
       | article that the drug _enabled_ the removal. So by  "incurable"
       | did they mean "only treatable by surgery", or am I missing
       | something?
        
         | mcbain wrote:
         | Some context is that Profs Scolyer and Long have recently had a
         | lot of success with immunotherapy for melanoma used as a neo-
         | adjuvant - that is, before surgery. Start the patient on immuno
         | asap and then excise so the immune system is triggered to
         | potentially clean up anything that has spread.
        
         | tominated wrote:
         | Cancerous tumours will continue to grow if any cancer cells are
         | left - surgery is usually necessary but won't cure it.
         | Glioblastoma are some of the most aggressive brain tumours on
         | top of that.
        
         | plorg wrote:
         | What's weird about this article (and maybe about its reception
         | on HN, although it does further some popular narratives on this
         | site) is that if you have ever known someone diagnosed with a
         | glioblastoma you will be familiar with some very positive
         | initial results after surgery, followed within a year by
         | recurrence, 2 or three other experimental treatments, and very
         | likely death within 2-3 years. That's the thing that is
         | incurable, and while I hope for the best for the doctor,
         | there's nothing about this article that suggests something
         | substantially different in outcome from the immunotherapy. I
         | would think we would have to wait maybe a year to really see
         | anything outside the prevailing expectations - he was diagnosed
         | in June.
        
           | isk517 wrote:
           | I didn't get the impression that they were pushing the
           | immunotherapy like a miracle cure, just that when the tutor
           | was removed and biopsied they found evidence that it had done
           | something when the traditional belief seems to be that the
           | blood-brain barrier would have render it useless.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | > If they were able to remove the tumor, was it incurable?
         | 
         | I think with the glioblastomas, you remove 99% of it, and the
         | 1% of tissue that can't be scalpeled out just regrows the whole
         | thing. But if I'm wrong, then the other possibility is that the
         | 1% metastasizes. Either way.
        
           | kogus wrote:
           | OK, so is it like this:
           | 
           | BEFORE: We remove 99%, the other 1% metastasizes, you live
           | for six months
           | 
           | AFTER: We remove 99%, this medicine stops the other 1% in its
           | tracks, you live out the course of your life
           | 
           | ?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | its more:
             | 
             | BEFORE: we remove 99% by surgery, try and get the rest by
             | radiation. outcome poor.
             | 
             | AFTER: we have proved that the immune system is attacking
             | the tumour, this might remove the need for surgery, or
             | means that they don't need to section as much around the
             | tumour to be successful. Or it means that the brain gets
             | attacked by the immune system.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | Solid tumors that can be removed in a big chunk by surgery,
             | are in a sense curable.
             | 
             | The problem is individual cells might fall off and those
             | cells will grow into new tumors in other spots.
             | 
             | Immunotherapy will kill those cells. But if you tried
             | immunotherapy to kill a big chunk of tumor the side effects
             | might kill the patient - think never-ending fever and
             | inflammation.
             | 
             | See you do both, you do surgery to remove the bulk of the
             | tumor, and immunotherapy to vacuum up any lone cells.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | That'll still be poor outcomes for brain tumors whose
               | position makes surgery impossible.
               | 
               | If I'm not mistaken, also there are even a few that are
               | just nearly impossible to cut... remember reading an
               | account of one such that dulled a few dozen scalpels. The
               | introduction of some new cutting tool at the time was
               | encouraging.
        
       | ferfumarma wrote:
       | Where is the poor guy with the cancer on his tongue? He wanted to
       | try an experimental therapy, and said he couldn't because of the
       | FDA.
       | 
       | Can you imagine being in the same situation, and seeing this
       | doctor get "moved to the front of the line"? (Albeit in a
       | different country).
       | 
       | I can't even imagine the frustration one would feel.
        
       | paperwasp42 wrote:
       | I applaud these researchers, but I have to admit this quote made
       | my blood boil:
       | 
       | >> "I can only do this because I'm a cancer researcher and
       | clinician and so inherently understand the risks," he said.
       | 
       | As a cancer survivor, and someone who lost a loved one to
       | glioblastoma, I despise this mindset. The idea that us "common
       | folk" aren't intelligent or educated enough to make the decision
       | to join risky trials is maddening.
       | 
       | I fully understand and support this mindset when it's regarding
       | minor diseases. But if someone has 6-9 months to live, and zero
       | chance of survival, I think they have every right to choose to be
       | used as guinea pigs.
       | 
       | I know my relative would have LEAPED at this sort of opportunity.
       | She was given 6-10 months, and was dead by 4.
       | 
       | At the time, there was an on-going trial she was rejected for,
       | because she had a minor preexisting condition, and thus is it was
       | "too risky." I remember her saying that she would rather die in 2
       | weeks and help push science forward, then helplessly linger for a
       | couple more months.
       | 
       | I am hopeful that the rapid development of the COVID vaccine may
       | have flipped a switch in biotech, and may lead to more risky and
       | experimental trials for truly deadly diseases, such as
       | glioblastoma.
       | 
       | If not, I will continue to look to China for hopeful
       | developments. They seem to have more relaxed barriers for trials,
       | and I firmly believe this is one of the reasons their biotech
       | industry is exploding at such a rapid pace.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "I remember her saying that she would rather die in 2 weeks and
         | help push science forward, then helplessly linger for a couple
         | more months."
         | 
         | But then the numbers won't look as good for the drug company.
         | 
         | But yeah, I agree. I wouldn't be surprised if some people with
         | backgrounds in chemistry and stuff start helping others
         | synthesize some of the drugs by sharing knowledge in the
         | future, renting out equipment, etc. Dallas Buyers Club meets
         | Breaking Bad would be interesting.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Same elitist attitude I saw on a recent NYT piece about paid
         | full-body MRIs. "People might find stuff that isn't cancerous
         | and freak out".
         | 
         | OK well, it might also find early stage cancers that show no
         | symptoms until past the point of no return!
         | 
         | MRIs have no side effects aside from the high cost. Even their
         | high cost is reasonably affordable if only done every 5-10
         | years. As long as doctors & patients make rational follow up
         | decisions with the results, it's a net benefit to be able to
         | get these scans every few years to catch early, slow moving,
         | hard to detect cancers.
         | 
         | There are a wide range of cancers there really are no routine
         | screenings for. Yes we screen for what.. breast, colon,
         | prostate, skin.. But what of liver, kidney, thyroid, pancreas,
         | and various others?
         | 
         | We had a close friend discover they had stage 2 cancer found
         | during a CT scan after a routine medical procedure went awry.
         | They were told that had the slip-up not occurred, they would
         | have probably lived another 5-10 years, and not fallen ill with
         | any symptoms until stage 4.
         | 
         | I don't understand the mindset that we should just pretend the
         | tools aren't available to detect things earlier.
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | It's more complicated than that. Misdiagnosis comes with a
           | high cost. What we emphatically do not have is a way to
           | reliably confirm or stage without additional risky
           | interventions, and that's before we even start discussing the
           | mental health implications of misdiagnosis. So as a doctor,
           | it's not about withholding information for the benefit of the
           | patient, it's being aware that for many cancers, in
           | aggregate, they may very well end up doing more harm than
           | good if they screen for it.
        
             | mathieutd wrote:
             | I don't understand this logic at all. How can more
             | information be bad? If you see a mass that looks very
             | likely to not be cancer, for which the cost of further
             | investigation is higher than the likely benefit, then the
             | rational patient will agree not to investigate further. I
             | don't see how more information can be bad unless you assume
             | that the patient is an idiot or irrational.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Both human nature and the legal system can be very
               | hostile to "we didn't investigate anomaly A, B, C, D, E,
               | ... in the patient's scans and test results, because none
               | of them seemed likely to be worth the costs of doing so".
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | Because further investigation is dangerous. So you see a
               | mass which has an a posteriori probability of being
               | cancer of 1%, but the investigation causes serious
               | complications in 2% of cases, then the decision to
               | investigate is not clear cut. The additional information
               | has not only not helped but has led to additional stress.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | Not all further investigation needs to be surgical. A
               | mass that is found can be observed in decreasingly
               | frequent ultrasounds or some other imaging and surgically
               | investigated/removed only if found to be growing or
               | passed a concerning size threshold.
               | 
               | A doctor jumping straight to invasive procedures seems to
               | be a mix of poor risk management and rarity of this type
               | of medical imaging.
               | 
               | My doctor for example, pointed out that actually in some
               | East Asian countries, there are routine annual imaging
               | tests done that pick up some of the types of cancer we do
               | no screening for.
               | 
               | To me the reason we don't in US is simply how medical
               | care is paid for - employer provided insurance, and some
               | actuarial calculation that on the insured pool they'd
               | spend more money on imaging than they'd save on high cost
               | stage 4 cancer care. Personally I'm happy to advocate
               | more for myself, even if it costs money.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | Do you have any experience of cancer staging or medical
               | imaging? It certainly sounds like you don't.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | Yes. This to me is the same line of thinking as "in a
               | meta study, wearing a helmet makes bikers more reckless
               | and prone to injury so it's actually safer to be
               | helmetless". No, actually it's safest to wear a helmet
               | AND not become reckless.
               | 
               | So similar approach here - its safer to get the imaging
               | AND remain rational in evaluating results & next steps.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Exactly. You could even have the option of contributing
               | your MRI scans to academic research so that future
               | identification of cancer improves, and set up a happy
               | feedback loop.
               | 
               | The scary truth is modern western medicine is primarily
               | optimized to extract revenue while reducing spending and
               | improving patient outcomes is merely a side effect of
               | that process. Even in places such as the UK NHS it's all
               | about not finding out things we don't want to know so we
               | don't have to spend money dealing with it.
               | 
               | This is why I look forward to when we can replace doctors
               | (not nurses) with AI.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _The scary truth is modern western medicine is
               | primarily optimized to extract revenue_
               | 
               | MRI scans are a fantastic source of revenue, as are
               | treatments for things that don't actually need to get
               | treated. Reducing those things are actually doing the
               | opposite of the motivation you're claiming.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Those raise revenue. Actual spending involves effort
               | which cannot be easily industrialized, and is only done
               | to maintain the prestige of the industry.
               | 
               | This is why getting tested for something which results in
               | endless prescriptions is done enthusiastically while a
               | test for something which might find something which
               | requires them doing actual work provokes the sort of self
               | serving concerns expressed elsewhere.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _This is why getting tested for something which results
               | in endless prescriptions is done enthusiastically while a
               | test for something which might find something which
               | requires them doing actual work provokes the sort of self
               | serving concerns expressed elsewhere._
               | 
               | You'll have to be more specific because right now this is
               | just handwaving. What kind of "actual work" are you
               | referring to?
               | 
               | It's generally actual medical researchers, who will
               | neither get revenue or have to do actual work, who are
               | objecting to excessive testing without patient outcome
               | benefits.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | > You'll have to be more specific because right now this
               | is just handwaving. What kind of "actual work" are you
               | referring to?
               | 
               | Anything that isn't completely reduced to an industrial
               | process. i.e. we want to have a simple no-effort
               | repeatable billable outcome for this or we won't do it
               | and will claim doing so is counter productive or
               | dangerous.
               | 
               | > It's generally actual medical researchers, who will
               | neither get revenue or have to do actual work, who are
               | objecting to excessive testing without patient outcome
               | benefits.
               | 
               | And they're doing the establishment's dirty work by doing
               | so.
               | 
               | To provide a concrete example, I'm in Canada, and my
               | other half had to pay for private MRI and ultrasound
               | scans to identify a lump that she was laughed out of the
               | room by three successive doctors for claiming she had.
               | The MRI got her finally referred to a surgeon that
               | announced he'd never seen anything like it, removes it,
               | end of story.
               | 
               | That's far from an isolated case. I know people in the UK
               | that literally died from these antics.
               | 
               | At one point I was invited to the opening of some medical
               | simulation centre, and the speeches were enlightening.
               | Two things stay with me: tests in India demonstrated that
               | qualified doctors were no better than unqualified doctors
               | except when the qualified doctors were told some of the
               | patients were faking as part of an experiment and they
               | are being observed, but mainly "I read a study that
               | showed ~5-10% of people in US hospital are there because
               | of a medical mistake from a previous visit, so I laughed
               | and commissioned an equivalent study to show how much
               | better we are in Canada, except for us it was >15%". The
               | person telling that story was rightly disgusted. Those
               | are not numbers for a profession that respects patients
               | in the slightest.
               | 
               | You will forgive people with actual experience on the
               | receiving end of this nonsense for thinking that maybe
               | it's not actually setup to provide the assistance it
               | claims to provide, and is primarily for the
               | aggrandizement of those engaged in the rituals.
        
           | DrJaws wrote:
           | that have a reason, as it's been demostrated by a lot of
           | metastudies you can find on cochrane that there is usually
           | much more worst outcomes and long term effects on the broad
           | of the population when misdiagnosed by overdiagnosing than
           | just simply saving an extra 0.01% (not real number)
           | 
           | the same reason of why for example now there is an advocacy
           | to end yearly mammograms on older woman, because the number
           | of them saved by that practice is inferior to the ones that
           | are misdiagnosed and then put under other unnecesary medical
           | practices that end up hurting more by unnecesary practices on
           | a lot of them that would have never developed a cancer or
           | under pressure to the ones that no one will be able to save
           | no matter how sooner they got the diagnostic.
           | 
           | infinite constant and unnecesary medical tests is not the way
           | for now, maybe in the future, but not now.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | Isn't this more a product of relative rarity of this type
             | of imaging & average doctor not knowing how to react
             | properly other than escalation?
             | 
             | Not ever spec on an image should mean cutting someone open
             | or blasting with radiation.
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | Full body scans have quite some history. If they were
           | effective at routine preventive detection, the NHS would
           | deploy them in a flash, because its cheaper right?
           | 
           | The problem is the false positive rate is >> catching unknown
           | bad things.
           | 
           | its the same with breast cancer in the UK there is a 3.1%
           | false positive rate. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-
           | information/publications/sta... which requies follow ups. Now
           | as breast surgery is reasonably uncomplicated (source: wife
           | did breast surgery in training) its not _much_ of a risk and
           | is worth it.
           | 
           | However, if its something in the liver, brain or spinal
           | column, the risk its pretty high. This leads to a higher
           | chance of injury from surgery vs stopping something unknown.
           | 
           | This is why something that actually identifies cancer cells
           | is much better than looking for smears on an image. Unless
           | you have monthly MRI scans, from birth, you are going to get
           | nasty side effects from invasive investigations.
           | 
           | EDIT: also most people don't really understand the difference
           | between CAT and MRI scans. CAT scans are much cheaper,
           | faster, and better at finding cancer (you can use dies and
           | junk). given the difference in cost, time and comfort, a lot
           | of people will choose a CAT scan instead. However regular CAT
           | scans will give you a much higher risk of cancer. Something
           | the kardashians pushing whole body scans will neglect to tell
           | you.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | Thanks for the edit and even the NYT article obscures this.
             | 
             | My point on MRI is that they do not themselves have side
             | effects.
             | 
             | If you have a doctor that immediately sends you for a bunch
             | of CAT scans and/or cuts you open, then obviously there are
             | side effects.
             | 
             | And why would you immediately jump to either? If it's the
             | first ever scan, and you see something unusual it could be
             | monitored by a 6month/1year ultrasound and/or MRI followup.
             | 
             | Unfortunately it doesn't seem like any of the direct cancer
             | detection solutions are there yet either. There's a recent
             | startup that claims something like 5% detection of stage 1
             | / 10% detection stage 2 / 25% detection stage 3 / etc on a
             | set of cancers, but they also just accidentally mass-mailed
             | a bunch of negative patients that they have cancer.
             | 
             | You also express a false dichotomy - single MRI bad, but
             | monthly MRIs for life good?
             | 
             | A sober reading of annual MRI/Ultrasound type tests without
             | knee-jerk invasive followups when you are 30+ seem like a
             | reasonable risk weighted solution in contrast, doesn't it?
        
               | KaiserPro wrote:
               | > You also express a false dichotomy - single MRI bad,
               | but monthly MRIs for life good?
               | 
               | yeah, this is badly expressed on my part. I was trying to
               | get across that a single whole body scan without context
               | (ie it hurts here, or it bleeds there or we suspect x) is
               | difficult to interpret. think of it as a day's
               | unstructured logs. Regular scans allows you to build up a
               | picture of whats changing, and whats normal for you.
               | 
               | > A sober reading of annual MRI/Ultrasound type tests
               | without knee-jerk invasive followups when you are 30+
               | seem like a reasonable risk weighted solution in
               | contrast, doesn't it?
               | 
               | I think routine targeted scanning is something that is
               | worthwhile. The UK does a number of them, and they were
               | normally based on evidence of outcome.
               | Prostate/breast/cervical etc etc. I personally think the
               | future of public health is something akin to getting each
               | personal a vitals dashboard.
               | 
               | But, I'm not sure regular MRIs will give us that. if the
               | evidence changes though, then it should be reassessed.
        
         | lazyasciiart wrote:
         | Someone who died of an unrelated condition during the trial
         | doesn't push the science forward, though. They're not worried
         | about the risk to the patient when they deny entry to an
         | existing trial: they're worried about the risk to the data.
        
         | DrJaws wrote:
         | I think that it's more in the line of
         | 
         | - I jumped some walls that others won't be able because I knew
         | the right people as we work together and they dedicated some of
         | their personal time and public funds to help me, but they won't
         | do it for you
         | 
         | but without sounding like he used the privileges he really had
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | I don't know about the situation in Australia, but in the US
         | the FDA is way too slow and arbitrary, and it's costing lives
         | every year, including, soon, mine:
         | https://jakeseliger.com/2023/07/22/i-am-dying-of-squamous-ce...
         | (HN discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36827438).
         | 
         | People with what I have--recurrent/metastatic squamous cell
         | carcinomas--are in effect already dead. We should be able to
         | try novel drugs faster, and, if they don't work or have serious
         | side effects, fine, the end result is the same. If they do
         | work, they may prolong everyone else's lives.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | Sorry to hear that, and I agree completely.
        
           | mortureb wrote:
           | As the other commenter mentioned, I knew someone that had
           | fantastic results just getting her "experimental" drugs from
           | India.
        
             | jassyr wrote:
             | Curious, are these easily found and purchased online? Or
             | does one have to go through some "darkweb" channels?
        
               | mortureb wrote:
               | They are of Indian origin so they knew doctors directly
               | in India.
        
           | mortureb wrote:
           | I'm sorry for what you're going through. I think there really
           | should be a separate FDA category for people with a few years
           | left to live. Still not available to the general public but
           | something a physician should be able to recommend to terminal
           | cases.
           | 
           | Have you tried directly calling or visiting the trial
           | location and try to get in touch with the person
           | administering these to see if you can get in that way.
           | Alternatively if you're rich you can commission a lab in
           | India to make these for you. They have a lot of experience
           | making the covid mRNA drugs so should be able to pivot
           | relatively easily if you're paying enough. Bharat labs made
           | the Covax vaccine so maybe start there but I'm sure a bit of
           | googling should bring up more labs.
           | 
           | You have nothing to lose man. If you're too sick to call
           | around I hope there is someone in your life who can. Go down
           | swinging, contact an Indian/Chinese lab today.
        
           | slashdev wrote:
           | Have you tried obtaining the drugs by other means?
           | 
           | My mom is taking an experimental drug, not FDA approved,
           | which my dad obtained from India after much research and
           | after consulting with her doctor.
           | 
           | Tests have shown she's a part of percentage of the population
           | that doesn't metabolize tamoxifen well, so the drug is
           | useless to her. Instead she's taking endoxifen, which is the
           | main active metabolite of tamoxifen. It's currently in
           | clinical trials.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | I'm with you. I understand the ethical dilemmas of giving
         | pharma unfettered access to sick people. Still, sick doesn't
         | automatically mean dumb. My wife reads medical journals and
         | knows how to interpret them. I have much less (yet still more
         | than most) medical experience than her, and I do risk analysis
         | for a living. I think either of us are qualified to look at the
         | statistics and make a rational decision about our own
         | healthcare.
        
       | yread wrote:
       | I was devastated when I learned about Richard's tumor, the
       | molecular profile is also very aggressive. Already showing that
       | immunotherapy does anything is a huge step, I hope it works well
       | enough to keep him here a bit longer.
       | 
       | You can follow his treatment on twitter
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/ProfRScolyerMIA
        
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