[HN Gopher] Google quietly raised ad prices to boost search revenue
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       Google quietly raised ad prices to boost search revenue
        
       Author : skilled
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2023-09-19 16:50 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theverge.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theverge.com)
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | The way Amazon Advertising utilizes dark patterns to boost search
       | revenue is by setting default bids artificially high. The UX
       | preselects "suggested bids" at the top of the bidding range and
       | daily budgets for some ad types at $100.
       | 
       | Even if you choose "custom bids" for keywords the default will be
       | $1 or $3 depending on the ad type.
       | 
       | Of course, thousands of people accepting the defaults results
       | real-time bid levels rising across the board for everyone.
        
         | gretch wrote:
         | They just accept the defaults even when it means more money
         | comes out of their pocket?
         | 
         | How is anyone supposed to design products when customers don't
         | consider their money to be scarce? And why do we not expect
         | Amazon to not take advantage of it?
         | 
         | It'd be like if I was selling a used bike on Craigslist and I
         | said "default price $10k" and then people were like okay guess
         | I'll just pay way too much money
        
           | ilamont wrote:
           | You'd be amazed at how many junior people at an SMB or
           | publishing imprint who are thrown into the deep end and told
           | to spin up an Amazon ad campaign with zero knowledge of the
           | platform. It's not their money, and their bosses don't get it
           | either, so they accept the defaults and the suggested bids,
           | and blow through a pile of cash. Some realize the mistakes
           | and quickly optimize, and learn how to set up future
           | campaigns the right way.
           | 
           | The other group getting burned are desperate passive income
           | newbies sitting on a pile of junk from Alibaba and grasping
           | at anything which might move the needle on sales. To pay for
           | campaigns, they'll even take out loans from Amazon Lending or
           | predatory finance partners like Parafin Cash Advance, which
           | take a percentage of your gross sales every other week.
           | 
           | Self published authors are also getting tricked by Amazon
           | suggested bids, high default budgets, and ridiculous default
           | levels for custom bids.
           | 
           | Amazon is laughing all the way to the bank.
        
             | sagarm wrote:
             | That doesn't seem sustainable. Amazon's advertisers seem
             | like the type to want to sell something directly rather
             | than bolster their brands, and if they aren't getting a
             | return on their spend they'll stop.
        
       | iepathos wrote:
       | Need to pay for those massive lawyer costs somehow.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Google should be subject to auction laws.
       | 
       | Prohibited in California:
       | 
       | * Cause or allow any person to bid at a sale for the sole purpose
       | of increasing the bid on any item or items being sold by the
       | auctioneer, except as authorized by Section 2328 of the
       | Commercial Code or by this title. A violation of this subdivision
       | includes, but is not limited to, either of the following:
       | 
       | * (1) Stating any increased bid greater than that offered by the
       | last highest bidder when, in fact, no person has made such a bid.
       | 
       | * (2) Allowing the owner, consignor, or agent thereof, of any
       | item or items to bid on the item or items, without disclosing to
       | the audience that the owner, consignor, or agent thereof has
       | reserved the right to so bid.
        
         | jjoonathan wrote:
         | "Without disclosing" sounds like a gigantic loophole. They'll
         | just reserve the right to bid on page 53 of their phonebook
         | contract and since they own the ad market everyone just has to
         | agree to let them.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | Disclosure is an effective deterrent in a competitive
           | marketplace - the implication being that once this behavior
           | is disclosed nobody will want to work with you, or they'll
           | negotiate it away somehow.
           | 
           | In a consolidated market disclosure is a water sandwich.
        
             | jstummbillig wrote:
             | > water sandwich
             | 
             | Fantastic
        
       | 54r4rf wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | Growtika wrote:
       | The answer is monitor & adapt. If Google has indeed increased the
       | price for ads, you can choose to be upset with them or to see it
       | as a signal for your company to diversify the methods through
       | which you drive traffic, leads, sales, and brand awareness. I'm
       | into SEO, few months ago with the rise of AI it felt like the SEO
       | industry is about to end. The ranking signals of today, might not
       | be as useful tomorrow. So does your PPC budget.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | >The answer is monitor & adapt.
         | 
         | And why isn't the answer also take Google to your state
         | attorney for fraudulent and anti-competitive practices?
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | There really aren't many other options. If Google raises prices
         | 10x, then your budget will be 10x less effective, but it will
         | still probably be much more effective than if you were to
         | advertise on, say, Bing or Yahoo instead.
        
       | r0m4n0 wrote:
       | Don't most companies have budgets? Wouldn't raising prices just
       | cause companies to buy less? I feel like folks don't just
       | increase spend when prices go up, when it comes to ads.
       | 
       | Now if everyone is increasing budgets, prices of goods, ad spend,
       | that story would make more sense. But that would correlate to
       | whole market movements which honestly makes sense for something
       | of this scale
        
         | seadan83 wrote:
         | Drawing on my experience from working with an Ad-Tech:
         | 
         | > Don't most companies have budgets?
         | 
         | Yes
         | 
         | > Wouldn't raising prices just cause companies to buy less?
         | 
         | Not necessarily, the "ad-spend" typically remains a fixed
         | budget until a given ad-campaign is complete.
         | 
         | The kicker is basically the cost per ad is increased, which
         | means the budget for an ad-campaign is consumed more quickly.
         | Thus, for example, rather than an ad-campaign lasting 4 weeks
         | and generating X number of impressions, it lasts 80% of that
         | time with 80% the impressions. Thus, even though the revenue is
         | fixed per ad-campaign, Google would be able to cycle through
         | more ad-campaigns
         | 
         | > I feel like folks don't just increase spend when prices go
         | up, when it comes to ads.
         | 
         | Depends on the company. In all probability the ad-spend would
         | remain fixed and the companies just get less return on that
         | spend (as an aside, the ROI for ads is highly debated to begin
         | with)
        
           | drawkward wrote:
           | >The kicker is basically the cost per ad is increased, which
           | means the budget for an ad-campaign is consumed more quickly.
           | Thus, for example, rather than an ad-campaign lasting 4 weeks
           | and generating X number of impressions, it lasts 80% of that
           | time with 80% the impressions. Thus, even though the revenue
           | is fixed per ad-campaign, Google would be able to cycle
           | through more ad-campaigns
           | 
           | This is, in fact, companies buying less (advertising), which
           | is what I took the parent comment to be asking. It certainly
           | isn't _spending_ less.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | I think the real negative impact would be that clients see
         | lower ROI, and move somewhere with better ROI.
        
         | dubcanada wrote:
         | Company X makes budget of $200k a quarter to buy ads. Agency Y
         | setups up ads in Google, a budget and a keyword. They then tell
         | Company X they got a certain amount of
         | referrals/traffic/clicks/what ever.
         | 
         | Google increases ads 5% or 10%
         | 
         | Agency Y reports 5% or 10% decrease from last quarter. Company
         | X goes well that's not great. Agency Y makes changes, Google
         | changes back 5-10% change, next quarter it goes up. Company X
         | goes great!
         | 
         | Google just made 5-10% extra an entire quarter.
         | 
         | Rinse and repeat.
         | 
         | Basically 5-10% is nothing, nobody would really notice. General
         | traffic would probably change 5-10% every quarter, same with
         | spending habits and other factors.
        
           | r0m4n0 wrote:
           | That's the thing though, with the Agency Y making changes.
           | They would have to go back and ask for more money than
           | before... which I just don't think that's happening (at least
           | that's not what I do). I'm speaking from a place where I
           | purchase ads for my product and know someone else who does as
           | well. We just budget a set amount on ads with an agency and
           | then measure what we get out of that. If it's worth it, then
           | it's worth it for us. The tuning of 5% up and down doesn't
           | really effect how much I spend per se. I only have so much to
           | spend on that type of marketing. I guess the more expensive
           | it is the more it grinds into profit margins because those
           | clicks go down.
           | 
           | At one point though, it isn't profitable to market there
           | anymore and I move onto something else, which wouldn't be
           | what they want I would assume? That's where the ad "market"
           | comes into play. The market decides the price supposedly? Is
           | the argument that there is nothing else to move on to when
           | they fudge the price?
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | I was in Ads. Offhand I don't know how they'd raise the prices,
       | since it IS an auction.
       | 
       | But there is literally _no one_ who understands it all, so I 'm
       | sure there are ways.
        
         | conradfr wrote:
         | I don't even understand the AdWords UI these days.
        
         | mathteddybear wrote:
         | It's very simple.
         | 
         | If it is not a refactoring, a UI/UX redesign, or a wholly new
         | ad product, then most likely it affects average prices of
         | running ad campaings. Even if you think it does not, maybe you
         | slipped in a coding bug. So before rolling out your change, you
         | canary it and measure how much it changed stuff. A dumb raise
         | in ad price will cause bad stuff for conversion costs, so it'll
         | be a no-go.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | They could raise prices by upping the minimum bid.
         | 
         | For example for the keyword "foo" google sets the minimum bid
         | at $1. I set my max bid at $5. There's only 5 bidders so we all
         | pay $1.
         | 
         | Google ups the minimum to $2 and it's under our max bid so now
         | we all pay double.
         | 
         | That's how.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | That would be blatant. There are subtler ways.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Do they actually publicly claim it is a (fair) auction?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | https://policies.google.com/terms
           | 
           | have fun
        
       | m_kos wrote:
       | Anecdotaly, I find Google Ads hard to use despite their market
       | dominance.
       | 
       | I have been trying to recruit participants for my academic
       | observational health study. My ads get incorrectly flagged as
       | clinical trials and there seems to be no way to reach anyone who
       | could override it. I also wanted to use a specific advertising
       | strategy, which is only available via Google's poorly documented
       | desktop software. Facebook Ads, while far from ideal, are much
       | easier to set up.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | > Anecdotaly, I find Google Ads hard to use despite their
         | market dominance.
         | 
         | They don't have any incentive to improve the product, only to
         | increase revenues (e.g. by raising prices).
        
       | kevincox wrote:
       | Aren't Search Ads based on a second-price auction? How can Google
       | just raise the price? Or is it lying about the auction?
       | 
       | The only thing I can imagine is raising the minimum bid, but this
       | would also result in less ads being shown (may still be overall
       | beneficial but not a simple price increase).
        
         | pixiemaster wrote:
         | well you don't know the other bids, or if they even exist....
        
           | kevincox wrote:
           | But that is my point. Lying about the auction would probably
           | be fraud, which is much different than just raising the
           | prices.
        
             | jszymborski wrote:
             | Do they not have a base fee for themselves? Or is it
             | entirely a percentage cut?
        
               | jonas21 wrote:
               | Google is the seller in the auction. Their cut is 100%
               | (for search).
        
               | jszymborski wrote:
               | Ah of course, I misunderstood.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | Ad auction fraud is one of the allegations that landed them
             | in court.
             | 
             | This former executive just testified under oath that they
             | change the auction rules without telling advertisers, and
             | do so in ways that increase Google's revenue specifically
             | in order to cook their quarterly SEC filing numbers and
             | mislead investors into thinking the ad business is healthy.
             | 
             | The executive also testified that they've fallen far behind
             | Meta and Amazon on ad campaign quality and revenue.
             | 
             | edit: The bottom of this article explains one of the
             | mechanisms they use. The top bidder gets second place, and
             | the second bidder gets top place. This increases their ad
             | revenue on average (tricks like this get them 5-10%, they
             | think they could take 15% because of their monopoly power):
             | 
             | https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/google-tweaks-
             | ad-a...
             | 
             | So... tl;dr: Their ad business is based on fraud built on
             | top of other fraud.
             | 
             | He didn't even talk about the pop-under / youtube fraud
             | that was reported a few months ago.
             | 
             | Each of the following guarantees YouTube makes to
             | advertisers is demonstrably false:
             | 
             | - video ads will be displayed prominently
             | 
             | - video ads will be displayed on high-quality, reputable
             | sites
             | 
             | - audio will be played back
             | 
             | - if the ad is over 5 seconds there will be a skip button
             | that the user can click on, and the ad impression doesn't
             | cost anything if the user skips it. (In many cases, the ads
             | are rendered with an occluded or missing skip button.)
             | 
             | The difference between their claims and reality is
             | responsible for a mid double-digit percentage of YouTube's
             | revenue.
        
               | cvalka wrote:
               | If your allegations are true, Google is done.
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | Just raise the starting bid price and minimum bid size.
        
             | jstummbillig wrote:
             | Interesting. One way to do it might be to enter the
             | competition and "bid" for the ad space?
        
         | keithwinstein wrote:
         | No -- in 2019 Google Ad Manager announced it was moving to a
         | first-price auction
         | (https://blog.google/products/admanager/simplifying-
         | programma...) and AdSense followed in 2021
         | (https://support.google.com/adsense/answer/10858748?hl=en).
         | (Edit: With regard to Google Ads for Search, they no longer
         | seem to commit to any particular algorithm for deciding what
         | price gets paid.)
         | 
         | There are some lawsuits that allege that Google was effectively
         | cheating before then, by sort of manufacturing a shill bidder,
         | with privileged access to everybody's bids, that turned it into
         | something closer to a first-price auction
         | (https://www.wired.com/story/google-antitrust-ad-market-
         | lawsu...). The quotes from within Google look pretty bad, e.g.
         | one Googler allegedly wrote: "Doesn't that undermine the whole
         | idea of second price auctions? I.e., the assurance that you can
         | bid the maximum you're willing to pay with no negative
         | consequence. But if the publisher manufactures a floor based on
         | your bid to get you to pay more than the second price, this
         | principle gets violated. It'll transform the system into a 1st
         | price auction where the bidder has a strong incentive to bid
         | LESS than he's willing to pay. (Only just enough to win.) I
         | don't think that's desirable for either side in the long term."
         | 
         | Google... disputes this (https://blog.google/outreach-
         | initiatives/public-policy/ag-pa...). I guess we'll see.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | Not a googler, but it sounds important that ads compete
           | against no-ad bids.
           | 
           | Example: On search results, if all bids are 0.01$, then it's
           | worth showing no ad, because it will annoy the customer to
           | have low-relevance ads. But what is the ceiling? 0.10$?
           | 1.00$? Sounds reasonable to have a ghost bid which represents
           | the weight of customer fatigue.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | It's hard to believe that google cares about customer
             | fatigue as the search results are littered with ads.
             | 
             | I think the issue that the floor varies depending on google
             | sets and there's no visibility to how they do this.
             | 
             | If there's only one bidder and the minimum price is $1 for
             | one ad but $0.10 for another, why is that? It's because
             | google knows that one person can pay $1 while the other
             | won't.
             | 
             | It hasn't been a proper auction for many years and is
             | really just whatever google wants to charge. Because they
             | have monopoly pricing power, customers don't have any real
             | alternatives to search ads.
             | 
             | It would be like if there was one magazine that had 90% of
             | all readers and they charged whatever prices they wanted.
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | > It's important to note that our move to a single unified
           | first price auction only impacts display and video inventory
           | sold via Ad Manager. This change will have no impact on
           | auctions for ads on Google Search, AdSense for Search,
           | YouTube, and other Google properties, and advertisers using
           | Google Ads or Display & Video 360 do not need to take any
           | action.
           | 
           | No impact on Google Search - is that still the case?
        
         | panarky wrote:
         | The article says they changed auction rules that had the
         | ultimate effect of increasing ad prices for some advertisers,
         | at certain times, of between 5% and 10%.
         | 
         | Even if that's true, it's still an auction, with real
         | competition and bidding. And it's not only about price, it's
         | also about the quality of the ad and the quality of the
         | advertiser.
         | 
         | Yes, absolutely, if the court can sort through the unfathomably
         | complex layers of rules of real-time ad auctions and show that
         | Google did something illegal, they should be held accountable.
         | 
         | But isn't it bizarre how everyone's so hot and bothered by a
         | possible 5% to 10% swindle, meanwhile:
         | 
         | - Questcor bought the rights to Acthar Gel, which treats
         | infantile spasms, a rare form of childhood epilepsy. Questcor
         | raised the price of a vial from $40 to $23,000.
         | 
         | - Valeant bought diabetes drug Glumetza and raised the price
         | from $800 for a 90-day supply to over $10,000.
         | 
         | Here's an industry that routinely runs 1000% arbitrary price
         | increases, with no competition, while holding people's lives
         | hostage. Seems like we should be far more outraged about that
         | than an unproven, speculative, 5% to 10% issue.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | Sounds horrible but Glumetza is just metformin with something
           | extra to stay in the stomach longer.
           | 
           | Acthar Gel is prednisone with a claim of less side effects.
           | Interesting it got approved in the early 1960s and was
           | grandfathered in and didn't need to provide trials so many
           | questions exist around if it's any different from prednisone
           | anyways. Either way patents have expired and a generic maker
           | can make this.
           | 
           | You can be mad at both, either or none. But companies being
           | shielded by patents doesn't really apply here so it's hard to
           | generate outrage
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >But isn't it bizarre how everyone's so hot and bothered by a
           | possible 5% to 10% swindle, meanwhile:
           | 
           | No it is not bizarre at all. Honestly with this reply my
           | response would be "How much is Google paying you to say
           | this", but sadly it is likely you are shilling for them for
           | free.
           | 
           | Now, maybe you are only able to focus on one thing at a time,
           | but I do believe the average person can hold multiple
           | opinions over multiple subjects at the same time, _and while
           | on a site about technical issues, complain about the
           | technology companies implementing bad policies_.
        
           | alangibson wrote:
           | This is Whataboutism. All of the above are bad.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | I think many bids generated through Google's automation:
         | customer sets target ROI, and google decides what and where to
         | bid.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | People are saying there is a "RGSP" (Randomized Generalized
         | Second Price) mechanism where sometimes the second-place bidder
         | wins instead of the first-place bidder.
         | 
         | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1703969874698011098.html
        
           | mathteddybear wrote:
           | Yeah, ad campaigns have budgets, and in order to spread
           | traffic evenly during a day, a randomized ad suppression
           | occurs. So sometimes it is the second place bidder who will
           | win
        
         | cavisne wrote:
         | I think the other lever is ad relevance?
         | 
         | It's clear from Facebook for example that they have
         | dramatically lowered the bar for what can advertise recently.
         | 
         | Bidding against a larger pool of advertisers would increase the
         | clearing price of the auction.
        
           | bogdanu wrote:
           | Lowered the bar so low that I'm getting a lot of scams and
           | fishing.
        
             | RobRivera wrote:
             | I got explicit sexual images on my facebook scrolling. It
             | felt like 1999.
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | They're based on consideration of five factors of which the
         | price paid in the auction is only one. Google explicitly does
         | _not_ promise that people who pay more will be ranked higher
         | than those who pay less. (https://support.google.com/google-
         | ads/answer/6366577?hl=en, https://support.google.com/google-
         | ads/answer/142918?hl=en)
        
       | kytazo wrote:
       | This is a dead horse but they keep still beating it
        
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